The Daily Worker Newspaper, March 10, 1924, Page 3

FARMER-LABOR PARTY FIGHT Big Campaign for a Class Party Planned The Central Executive Committee of the Workers Party ts usking’ forty thousand readers of Communist pub. ications in the United States to aid in the creation of a nation-wide Farmer-Labor Party for the presi- ‘dential election t year, The Worke y believes that every reader of its publications is interested in creating a mass politi- eal party which will fight the battles of the farmers and workers in the 1924 campaign. It is giving these readers, as well as the members of the party, the opportunity to make their contribution toward reaching this goal by aiding the party in rais- ing the funds for a great campaign thru speakers, literature and organ- izing work to create a Farmer-Labor Party on a national scale which will have hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of workers behind it. In presenting the case to the read- ers appealed to, the Workers Party states: “This presidential year offers the greatest opportunity to build a class movement of the Farmers and Work- ers against capitalism which has presented itself in the last quarter of a century in this country. “The farmers are in revolt against the conditions which have driven mil. lions of them from the land and bankrupted other millions, The in- dustrial workers are still smarting from the experiences of the open shop drive which culminated in the gov- ernment securing the infamous Daugherty injunction as a blow against them. Unemployment is growing all over the country. “The exposures of the Teapot Dome affair, showing the highest government officials bribed and cor- rupted by Big Business in its efforts to loot the nation’s natural resources, has deepened the crisis which the capitalist system and the two old parties which represent it face.” Stating the role of the Workers Party in this situation the circular letter continues: “The Workers Party has for nearly two years carried on a consistent campaign for the formation of a mass Farmer-Labor Party. It is now throwing all its strength into th\ work of crystallizing this movement THIS YEAR. To enahje it to fully take advantage of the existing op- portunity it needs a Farmer-Labor Party Campaign Fund of $15,000. ~Afhis money is- needed for speakers, {poten and literature ‘which will ip crystallize the Farmer-Labor movement in the May 30th conven- tion in St. Paul, Minn.” Each person receiving the letter is asked to circulate a subscription list and ae =a least $5.00 for the cam- palgn i. With the funds thus raised the Workers Party will make an agges. sive nation-wide drive to build a con- vention of several thousand delegates at the Twin-City Convention, Mobs Raid Negroes, Workers Party and California I. W. W. (By The Federated Press) NEW YORK, March-9.—The lat- est bulletin of the Civil Liberties Union reports the customary quota of Balkanic eruptions by mobs in half a dozen states during the last two weeks. These include four at- tempts in southern states to capture Negroes held in jail; in each case the attack was thwarted. From Farrell, Pa., comes news of a raid by depart- ment of justice agents upon local Workers Party headquarters; the agents took literature, cash and cor- Fespondence, arrested eight men and held six of them under $2,000 bail for trial by the Mercer county grand Anti-wobbly squads in Cali- fornia continue their reign of terror inst I. W. W. members, with cor-| coperation from the state au. thorities. Brotherly Love City Unionists Insist on May 30 Convention (Special to The Daily Worker) PHILADELPHIA, March 9,—Phi- ladelphia Paper Hangers Local Union No, 587 at their last meeting con- demned the Teapot Dome ocandal re- velananied both the Republican and cratic Parties as being equally Di ap agents of the capitalists and ided to participate in the May 30 Convention called at St. Paul the purpose of organizing a real Labor Party. The resojution adopted by the Paper Hangers was same as pertoudy adopted by the Philadelphia Painters. The reso- ion was published in the DAILY ORKER last Friday, Feb, 29. The Washington Investigation of the gigantic gil fraud has stirred up eA a number of local labor unions th will undoubtedly follow the of these two local unions and adopt similar resolutions, Elect “Good Men,” He Says. CHICAGO, March 9,—Charles J. ‘an, chairman Illinois Confer- ence for Progressive Political Ac- tion, 4570 Broadway, Chicago, fon an appeal to farmer and city voters to “help take Illinois out of the reactionary column” by supporting “good measures and good men,’ 4 « THE DAILY WORKE R { Page Thre« LT TRIBUNE FALSEHOODS smoothed out 3 | negligee stiff witt He like rs union and re was | the paint bit of | Hosea W rating | number of labor © | forty-seven upholstere j.| the uphol ;|rish of th “| were charged with cott. 3 | nonunion men ‘to wor .| no defense. CONVICT 5 MORE AGAINS one mi ers’ union last night in Judge ells’ court brought the total onvictions up to State’s 7 ad jon - a Lad unil = ‘The defendants were indict las! vernber. They were accus! ite the completion of sone ts. b! t d refusin ‘fusing to work an ea hse Hearing on motions for a new trial will be heard March 8. Bien cs ine ibe tas d, Ex-Chica a Ww dan, businéss agen’ ers’ union, ware fine Gus J. Da ich@el inter: $2 ame V ‘Atpamney | resort Bogs eat Only fear anything else sterers, trades, te allow continent the Let these news stands, Read THE EXPOSED BEG YOUR PARDON! The flve members of the upholster- 2°2F ers’ and pafnters’ unions, convicted a ? away some of the money it loves more than insert this obscure correction. Day by day it slanders the working class at home and abroad. It lies about the uphol- the garment strikers, the Herrin miners and the Russian workers government, The Tribune is only one of several thou- sand capitalist dailies that poison the minds of the American people. From the Los Angeles and Seattle Times on the Pacific Coast to the New York Herald on the other side of the ployers’ propaganda’ sheets, of a libel suit that would tear in the world made the Tribune the building country is infested by the em- rags do their “lieing” on the DAILY WORKER. JOBSANDMEAT GO HAND IN HAND, FIGURES SHOW Workers Carnivorous Last Year Did you eat 16 per cent more meat in 1923 than you did in 192 If you did you were right in line with the rest of the country which illus- trated the fact that steady wages ‘help the farmer to dispose of his products by establishing a record for meat consumption. The average person in the United States consumed 167 pounds of meat in 1922 and 144 pounds in 1921. This is one clear indication of. the rise of the country out of the depression when unemployment ana low earn. ings forced workers to short them? selves and their families on food. The per capita consumption of the vari- ous kinds of meat is shown by the department of agriculture as follows: Lbs. Lbs. Lbs 1921 1922 1923 Beef ... f 61.4 62.5. Veal ... or 9a 7.3 79 Mutton, Lamb . 6.2 5.0 5.2 Pork. 0.64 72.9 76.0 914 Total ...,...148.9 149.7 167.0 Such meat consumption by the people of the United States also ac- counts for the enormous business done by Armour & Co. during 1923. The recently announced total was $800,000,000. With approximately 4% cents out of each $1 out of business going into the profit chest’ the con- cern was able to report a net in- come of $38,583,217 or enough to set aside a large depreciation allow- ance, to pay heavy interest on bonds and after preferred dividen@s to show 7.33 per cent on its eémmon stock, The United States department of agriculture illustrates the magnitude of the meat producing industry re- quired to provide each person with 167 pounds by Suggesting that the 81,532,600 hogs slaughtered last year would extend 61,770 miles, or twice around the world at the equator with enough left over to reach from the North Pole to the southern end of ag: fe fe department dubs the United States the greatest meat eating na- tion of the world. Underworld Sluggers Not the Only Bad Eggs in Windy City Almost dizzy from chasing hard guys in Chicago's double-murder mys- tery, police today were asked to take the trail of an additional 144,000 bad eggs. These bad eggs—and the pure food inspectors said ino one could realize how bad they were unless one took a whiff of them—were shipped from the Ozarks to Alex Getz, a wholesale grocer here. The inspectors cap- tured the advance guard of 10 cases, and told Getz to hold the rest for further instructions. Then the inspectors rushed off for gas masks and carbolic acid; the bureau finds carbolic very effective in suppressing restless eggs. But when they returned they found the eggs had come and gone—walked off under their own horsepower, one in- spector said with a shiver of poignant recollection, Police have been asked to help hunt down the eggs; which, if not con- sumed, will betray themselves, the in- spectors said. Getz has been erdered to court for violating the order to hold the eggs. Suppress Workers’ Paper, LEIPSIC, Germany, March 9.—On the ground that the periodical Marx is merely a continuation of the sup- pressed daily Saechsische Arbeiter- zeitung, the former has also been sup- pressed by the military dictator of Saxony, General Mueller. The fact that Marx has appeared regularly for the last six years, except that former- ly it was a monthly, while more re- cently it has become so papas as to lop into a semi-weokly, does not to have weighed with the gen- * A Bed-Time Story for Morons By WILLIAM F. DUNNE. You re-mem-ber, don’t you, chil- dren, when Pres-i-dent Har-ding died and Calvin Coolidge, the big, strong, si-lent man who made the naugh-ty Boston po-lice-men go back to chas- ing the bad burg-lars, went in-to the White House and sat down in the pres-i-den-tial chair? You re-mem-ber, don’t you, chil- dren, how glad and hap-py al-most every-one was be-cause at last from the old state of New Hamp-shire we had a. vice-pres-i-dent who could take up the no-ble work of Pres-i- dent ‘Hard-ing right where he left of? ° Alt the big. pa-pers and all the big, brain-y men with lots of mon-ey said that he was the right man in the right place and that now we would have a real A-mer-i-can gov-ern-ment because he was a strong man and had proved it by writ-ing ar-ti-cles about the wic-ked rad-i-cals in the schools who were tell-ing your bro-thers and sis-ters that rich men had sto-len their mon-ey from the poor work- ing-men. “All the big pa-pers and mag-a- zines praised Cal-vin be-cause he did not do a lot of talk-ing and told how smart he must be be-cause he said noth-ing and what won-der-ful things he could say when he want- ed to. He kept all of the cab-i-net of-fi- cers that poor Pres-i-dent Hard-ing had gi-ven jobs to be-cause they had helped him to be pres-i-ident and all the pa-pers said what a kind thing to de and what a good man he must be and how proud his folks must be of him—this big, strong, si-lent fran. Good men like El-bert Gar-y whom God has re-ward-ed with a big steel bus-i-ness and Sun-day school teach- ers like young Mis-ter Rock-e-feller said that €al-vin would be the next pres-i-ident and ev-er-y-one was glad be-cause he was such a big, strong si-lent man. Then all of a sud-den the cab-i- net of-fi-cers whom Cal-vin had kept be-cause he had Ne < pad or were found out to men who were steal-ing Uncle Sam's oil lands but Cal-vin did not think they could be so wic-ked and he did not do any-thing to them. Ey-en when all the pa-pers told of what -i-tive-ly ter-ri-ble things these. bad men had done to our goy- ern-ment Cal-yin did not do an-y talk-ing. He just kept on be-ing strong and si-lent. Then a ot of mean old sen-a-tors who were jeal-ous of big, strong, si- lent Cal-vin said he had to chase out the wic-ked men who were steal-ing vii from poor did Un-cle Sam but Cal-vin did not pay an-y at-ten-tion to them un-til they be-gan to say that Cal-vin was a-fraid to chase the wic-ked cab-i-net of-fi-cers be-cause they had gi-ven him part of the oil. This made Cal-vin so mad that he chased out a bad man named Den-by who was sup-posed to look after our na-vy just to show that he was not a-fraid but it was too late be-cause oth-er wic-ked men had been tell-ing the peo-ple that Cal-vin not a big, strong, gi-lent man but ne-ver iced be-cause he had nothing to say. The jeal-ous old sen-a-tors say that Cal-vin must chase out all of the men that Pres-i-dent Har-ding gave jobs to and that he should have done it a long time ago but Cal-vin won't do it. So whole lots of peo-ple say now that angel men must have some- thing onjCal-vin and that when he was on-ly wice-pres-i-dent he was just as wie-ked as an-y of them and no-bod-y talks any more of what a big, strong si-lent, pres-i-dent Cal- vin is and the wic-ked Bos-ton po- lice-men are all ver-y an- cause if they had known that Cal-vin would get in-to all roy 2 ogg t would not have gone we chas-ing the bad burg-lars un-til they mon-ey. . bi Sey ‘of this sto-ry is, ehil- d bing! —y ies be e-lect-ed ren, no-bod-y can prasiatent in the U-nit-ed States with-out talking e-ven tho he comes from New Hamp-shire. Join the “I want to make THE DAILY WORKER grow” club. The Land for the Useret J i} be- | RAILROAD UNIONS URGE SCRAPPING OF LABOR BOARD Public Representatives Made the Trouble (By The Federated Press) CLEVELAND, Ohio, March 9.— The demand of the 16 standard rail- way unions for abolition of the U. S. railroad labor board and a return to direct mediation and voluntary arbi- tration between railroads and their employes was explained here in a press statement by D. B. Robeytson, president, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen. Robertson helped to draft the Barkley-Howell bill to abolish the la- bor board, which is now before con- gress. He ee that the board is an admitted failure, and that peace in the industry will not be brought about until it is abolished, Board Was Bosses Tool. The railroad officials were the en- thusiastic Sponsors of the board at the time of the enaetment of the Esch-Cummins law. They then de- clared that it would solve all railroad labor problems efficiently, thereby putting an end to the Possibility of strikes. In other words, they knew that the three public representatives would side with their own in out-vot- ing the labor members of the board, and they felt confident that publie opinion would then compel the em- Ployes to knuckle down and accept the dictates of the board as law. The employes, who opposed. this sort of “solution” for industrial dif- ficulties, now find that experience has vindicated their stand, and that the railroad officials themselves have learned the folly of attempting to make both sides agree and compel men to work by judicial mandate, “Under the existing law discord and strife have been promoted,” Robert- son says. “The only nation-wide strike in American ‘history occurred after two years of embittering effort to settle industrial disputes thru the ill-advised mechanism of the railroad labor board,” : Propose Next Tribunal. _ The amendment to the transporta- tion act proposed by the labor organ- izations not only eliminates the board by cancelling section 111 of the act, but provides ample machinery for the prompt and peaceful settlement of ~_ |NEW ENGLAND STATE REPORTS _ LABOR SURPLUS Wage Decreases Follow Unemployment By LELAND OLDS (Federated Press Industrial Editor.) Employment in Massachusetts fac- tories continued to decrease, accord- ing to the monthly report of the state department of labor. Between December and January the number employed by 814 concerns decreased from 213,081 to 208,969, or by 4.3 per cent, Added to the reductions reported in December and November this means that nearly one-tenth of the workers employed in October are today unemployed, The general character of the de- pression. is shown by the fact that decreased employment was reported by 28 of the 35 industries and my 12 out ‘of the 15 cities reporting. The heaviest cuts in the pay roll appeared in the cotton manufacturing industry. Concerfis making cotton goods reduced their working forces from 34,539 to 30,798 or by more than 10 per cent. While concerns en- gaged -in dyeing and finishing the goods reduced their forces from 6,741 to 5,118 or by nearly 25 per cent. In fact, the depression in the cotton industry resulted in a decrease of 37 per cent in-the number of em- ployes reported by 21 representative concerns in Fall River and a decrease of 11 per cent in the average earn- ings of workers employed in Law. rence, Mass. Decreases in employment to the extent of 24 per cent in the automo- bile industry, 19 per cent in the manufacture of stationery, and 10 per cent in the printing and publish- ing of newspapers are also worthy of note. Part-time operation was also gen- eral with approximately half of the establishments reporting less than capacity operation. Of the 402 plants reporting their operating schedules below normal 207 reported full time but jonly part capacity and 195 re- ported both part time and part capa- city. In 8 of the 15 cities covered by the report the number of estab- lishments operating on Jess than nor- mal schedules exceeded the number operating normally, In th boot and shoe and the cloth- ing industries only approximately one-third of the establishments were operating full normal schedules in January. - In the cotton industry, in- cluding dyeing and finishing, only 17 of the 46 plants covered by the re- port were operating at capacity. While only 38 out of 100 concerns producing foundry and machine shop products, including machine tools, re. ported capacity operation. Egyptian Government Takes Unto Itself Ashes That Was Tut LUXOR, March 9.—Luxor was gay with flags and bunting in the Egyp- tion national colors Thursday and crowded with sightseers, natives, and distinguished visitors here for the official reopening of the tomb of King Tut-Ankh-Amen under govern- ment supervision. Three luxuriously fitted special trains arrived from Cairo bringing members of the government who came to pay their respects at the shrine of one of Egypt’s first rulers. Two hundred notables including Vis- count and Viscountess Allenby, the Duke and Duchess of Aosta and vir- tually the entire diplomatic corps, came along. c No longer was Howard. Carter, who is forced to content himself with a law suit in the Cairo courts, the perspiring master of. ceremonies whose word was law. The special correspondent of the ews syndicate difficulties arising betwen the snt||tp whom Carter and Lord Carnarvon agement and the employes by the cre- ation of a national board of adjust- ment with four sections covering all branches of the. railroad industry. This board would consist of an equal number of representatives from the roads and unions, appointed by the president. If this method of voluntary nego- tiation fails, the parties can go to a board of mediation and conciliation, with a final appeal to a joint board of voluntary arbitration. The merits of the new plan. ac- cording to Robertson, are: “It places on road officials and employes’ representatives the obligation to ne- gotiate agreements and abide by vol- untary contracts, providing that con- erences must be held between em- ployes and men, If this fails, a board of mediation’s aid may be invoked or its a peg ered, ( ies ber ga is sist, of five disinterested per- Baltics by the president. Decisions Binding. “If mediation is not successful P i vision is made for the selection of ar- itrators by the board of mediation, with voluntary submittal of the dis- pute by both parties. The arbitra- tion board's findings are to be bind- ing. “These provisions,” Robertson con- cludes, “are a distinct advance over the present act, whose awards of the railroad labor board have not been binding upon neither party,’ Moslems Find New Caliph. oslems have proclai King degas- caliph ergo mos- is are expected lo likewise, ac- cording to a news agency dispatch Join the “I want to make DAILY WORKER grow” club, _|L am here to organize the eit po LONDON, March 9.—Meso ~ | h sold the news rights to their discov- ery, was forced to take his chances along with correspondents represent- ing the press of the world, Millionaires Will Boycott O’Neil Play with Negro Actor (Special to The Daily Worker) NEW YORK, March 9—Otio Kahn, Mrs, Willard Straight end Ed- di e, manager of professional boxers, are all lined up together in opposition to the Provincetown Play- ers’ attempt to produce a new éiay by Eugene O'Neill, “All God’s Chil- lun Got Wings,” which deals with the marriage of a white woman and a Negro. - It is reported that Mrs, Si t and Kahn are threatening to with- draw their financial support from the Provincetown Players they insist on producing the play. Meade ob- jects to the“play because one of the characters in it is portrayed as a boxer but not as a gentleman. The players have expressed their deter- mination to produce the play no mat- ter who fails to support their efforts, _ Howe Organizes Hoboes. SAN FRANCISCO, March 9.—“A’ hobo is only a person out of work. ouses, lionarie hobo, at a m to establish a “hobo } on tes plan of those already in o ation in New York, Los Angeles, - sas City and elsewhere, commit- tee was formed which will go to work THE ‘immediately on plans for such an es- '. tablishment, “» Eighty Years of It By SCOTT NEARING (Federated Press Staff Writer) The ordinary textbook on political economy tries to prove that interest is the reward for saving, The ex- Perience of American life indicates quite clearly that interest is a method by which one man is enabled to live upon the labor of his fellows. The Louisville and Nashville Rail- road Company is offering to the pub- lic $14,000,000 in first mortgage gold bondy bearing interest Oct. 1, 19238, and maturing April 1, 2008. These bonds at 5 per cent will pay their owners $14,000,000 every 20 years. At the end of the 80 years thru which they run, the owners will have received $70,000,000 in interest and they will then get their $14,. 000,000 in principal (depending somewhat on the patience of the American people). In other words, in the course ef 80 years they will have received four times their 1923 investment and will still have their principal to invest over again, Slavery was a system under which the master said to the men: “You work and toil and earn bread and I'll eat it.” Tnvestment bonds -are a method whereby the investor says to the workers of the community: “You work and toil and earn bread and Vl eat it.” Some capable economic student ought to explain the difference be- tween the two processes and thus try to prove that there is no slavery in the United States, Radio Barrage May Banish Troubles of Bankrupt Farmers The radio, broadcasting station of the Sears-Roebuck Agricultural foun- dation, scheduled to open April 1, will be in charge of Edgar Ly Bill, direc- tor of information of the Tllinois Agricultural Association. The station will fe for the benefit of farmers. Markets, statistics and educational matter for farmers will be broadcasted. Entertainment will be broadcasted from a loop branch in the Sherman Hotel. Farmers from different sections of the country will be asked to give pro- grams from the station telling of co- operative marketing, livestock breed- ing and feeding. The chosen director of the station originated the homestead films for rural residents some time ago. Ford’s Friends Expect Muscle Shoals Plan Will Pass the House WASHINGTON, March 9.—Friends of Henry Ford’s offer for Muscle Shoals are confident that legislation accepting the bid will pass the house without change. 8 A final vote on the McKenzie bill embodying the Ford contract for the power plant will be taken in the house before night, party leaders said. : More than a score of amendments are still pending or are to be offered by the foes of the Ford offer. . The adoption of any of these amend- ments, party leaders said, would kill the legislation. Friends of the meas- ure intend to continue their air tight defense and vote down all alterations that might cause the Detroit manu- facturer to turn down the contract, Australian Flivver Factory Will Be Opened by Henry (By The Federated Press) SYDNEY, New South Wales, March 9.—It is stated that Henry Ford has decided to open in Australia a branch factory for the manufac- ture of motor cars, accessories, and tractors. It is not yet decided whe- ther the factory will be situated at Newcastle, N. S. W., or at Hobart, Tasmania, ae ‘ * Protests have been issued by the iron trades unions -against the ac- tion of the Australian federal gov- ernment in ordering locomotives from Great Britain for the federal railways at a time when there is much unemployment in the iron trades in Australia, The DAILY WORKER Chicago. AMALGAMATED BANK HAS GROWN MANY TIMES OVER Loans to Labor, Are Finance Feature Nineteen-twenty-four brings the Amalgamated Trust & Savings Bank to the end of 17 months of successful operation, a report just issued shows. In the face of marked industrial de- pression in the clothing industry each department of the institution has Srowp in volume and many depart- ments have developed a maximum vol- ume of business possible in the pres- ent quarters, The commercial and savings depart- ments, receiving on the first day of business, July 1, 1922, yproximately 1,000 accounts with’a total of $250,- 000 now have more than 10,000 de- positors with total deposits of $2.137,- 559.19. These depositors include ap- proximately 250 trade union organ- izations in or near the city of Chicago and also include all of the locals of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers in Chicago. Big Russian Business, The foreign exchange department has now developed a large and profit- able mail and counter business to all European countries, In February, 1923, a contract was negotiated with the Russian government providing for the transfer of money to all parts of Russia payable in American dollars, thru the Russian American Industrial Corporation. A tremendous demand ibe this service immediately developed and a business of approximately 44,- 756 orders to a gross total of $1,564,- 810.99 has been delivered in the eleven months of operation in this department alone. Contracts with correspondents in Poland, Latvia, Germany and ‘other countries were later consummated, permitting trans- fer to these countries in American dollars. The real estate loan department has attempted to stimulate home building and home owning by adhering c/psely to the policy of making as many smail loans as possible to Amalgamated and trade union members at lowest rates , of commission and interest. This de- partment has, to date, made loans on approved Chicago real estate amount- ing to a total of three quarters of a million dollars, most of these loans under $5,000. “Many of these first mortgages have been sold to indi- vidual investors and trade union or- ganizations. Other. departments, such as steam- ship, insurance, Christmas savings, have met with general success. The steamship department has sold 1,500 or more tickets in the period of opera- tion. : $2,462,297 Resources. From a more general point of view, the development of the institution gives cause for gratifying hopes as to the future. When the bank opened with a capital of $200,000 and surplus of $100,000 each share of stock sold plus and undivided profits amounting to $116,746.40 which raises the book value of the stock to more than $160 per share. Opening with but six em- ployes including officers, the institu- tion now employs 36, Total resources at the close of business, December 1, 1923, were $2,462,297.19. The Housing Crisis! What About It? Is there a crisis in the housing conditions in Chicago? has put that question to available source of information on the Tomorrow the DAILY WORKER tell to what extent he has found a shortage Free Embalming Fluid May Be Next Sop to Post-War Heroes WASHINGTON, March 9.—A new soldier bonus bill providing for cash payments and paid up insurance will be presented to the house ways and means committee today. It will be submitted by Repre- sentative Jeffers, Alabama, an ex- service man and chairman of the special committee appointed by the house democrats to _formulate a party measure, It has virtually the solid support of the democrats. ‘While Jeffers has not made known the details of his plan, it is under- stood to provide for full cash pay- ments with paid up insurance as an option. . Republicans on the committee, in- cluding Chairman Green, who. have supported the McKenzie bill provid- ing for the four-fold plan, will vig- orously oppose the democratic plan. for $150. The bank has now a sur- :