The Daily Worker Newspaper, March 4, 1924, Page 5

Pecpent ‘I ‘Tuesday, March 4, 1924 THE DAILY WORKER CHILD LABOR IS REAL MENACE IN UNITED STATES Infants Working Eleven Hours in the Fields Capitalist greed not alone exploits the adults in the mills, mines and factories of the nation but it takes the child out of the cradle and twists its little bones out of their sockets in the mad rush for profits: The oldest inhabitant has an early recollection of movements to pro- hibit child slavery. But it still goes on. When congress passes a law prohibiting it our supreme court de- clares it unconstitutional. Sam Gom- pers passes resolutions against it but the capitalists pay no attention. They know their Sam, This curse of child slavery is tak- ing place here in “free” America and not in the so-called benighted coun- , tries of Europe. American tourists visitng Lithuania or some other state ‘on the borderland of Russia return to tell sorrowful tales of how women there are used to draw the plow while the husband plods along behind smoking his five and urging the woman along With curses and blows. This is, of course, an exaggerated picture but granting that it was true such a condition would be humane compared to that which consigns lit- tle children of from eight to twelve years into slavery. This is done here under the Stars and Stripes. The capitalist press tries as usual to blame certain manufacturers for it rather than the system. But that ex- cuse will not hold water. Children are employed wherever the bosses can get away with it. Child welfare workers declare that conditions existing on farms to- day are worse than those that pre- vailed years ago ip the mining re- gions. In Baltimore, Maryland, pad- rones recruit whole families from the tenement districts. They are herded into narrow pens six feet long and four feet wide, without privacy or sanitation. There are as many as one hundred in each shanty, separ- ated only by boards ten inches high. Men, women and children are indi- scriminately huddled together on bare boards for sleep. How futile and hypocritical is thé “moral” crusade of the religious or- ganizations of Chicago to protect the eyes of burlesque patrons from the nude or semi-nude forms of chorus girls, while the immoral conditions under which these unfortunate vic- tims of capitalist greed live are ig- nored. But that is the way organ- ized virtue and religion always look- ing for the mote and ignoring the am, in the social body. t the Mississippi Valley confer- Today we publish the concluding speech by Chairman Kameney: be- fore the Moscow Soviet on the problems now facing the Russian Communist Party. Tomorrow we begin the publication of the views of Stalin, one of the foremost spokesmen of Russian Communism. ameneyv spoke, as follows: . * © I N my address I have dealt with with the most. essential and im- portant questions of Party life at the present time. I believe that you must come to a decision today, and that this decision is not only deter- minative for the Moscow organiza- tion, but for the general opinion ot the Party in the provinces as well. Therefore, I beg you to set aside that feeling or nervousness now prevail- ing, and to draw the balance of the present discussion meeting. Comrades, everything which has been said here is not quite in ac- cordance with that demanded or de- sired by Comrade Zinoviev. Mention has here been made of a monopoly, and this is not right. It is not right, because there has been no monopoly against the discussion. During the whole of the time that the discussion has been going on in Moscow, not'a single circumstance has occurred en- abling the much condemned appara- tus to be reproached with having prevented any Party nucleus from carrying on the discussion, and there is no power which could act contrary to this, under the present resolution of the Central, or could prevent any- one from bringing up any desired question for discussion. Is the Central Factional? We must come to some decision or other, or our discussion will appear to be nothing beyond a jest. It is not a question of whether this or that comrade is satisfied with the Central or not; it turns upon the Theses, upon the fact, that, if the leaders of this Central bring about a split in the course of the evolution which they are calling upon the Party to perform, this will be a dis- aster, And the second question: Does that democracy which we pro- claim include the liberty to form groups—that is the essential ques- tion which must be answered. Perhaps it is true that a certain monopoly exists, the monopoly which the Party has placed in the hands of a certain group of persons, and the duties attendant on it which we have to fulfill so long as the Party exists; upon this monopoly we have to keep’a firm hand, or we should be criminals, and other workers and leaders would have to be chosen for the Central. It is our duty to defend this monopoly, and we shall defend it, or we should not be the leaders of the Central, but old women. And the question to which the Moscow organization must receive a reply’ is: Does the Central really oe on. industrial legislation. now meeting at the Hull House, Taylor Frye of Wisconsin said that since the supreme court declared the federal child labor law unconstitutional the individual states should be forced to pass their own child labor laws. He did not say how the hands of the su- preme court could be kept off after these laws were passed. Miss Jeanette Rankin declared that despite the idea that child labor con- ditions in the south were the worst, Rhode Island had the largest per- centage of child labor of any state in the union. Two Massachusetts cities had the largest proportional number of children under 14 work- ing. The conditions in Maryland as re- vealed by an investigation made by the childrens’ bureau at Washington beggars description. In May every year trucks laden with household goods can be seen moving from Bal- timore into the country to pick straw- erries, beans and peas. ‘The pad- rone tells them they are going to have a “nice vacation in the country with good pay.” The following excerpt from the re- port of the children’s bureau is shocking: “Most of the camps contained but one building, known as a ‘shan tf which serves as sleeping quarters rH the workers. This building, usually was erected on piles two stories high, or tough stones. In most camps it Was weather beaten or unpainted and the windows usually lacked either glass or shutters, or both. “As a rule there was but one room on each floor, with stairé on the out- side leading to the upper room. On each side of a narrow aisle down the center of the room the floor was di- vided into pens by boards twelve inches in height. Each pen was about 6 feet long and four to six feet wide and covered with straw mily was allotted one of the larger families some- times securi At nigh tidied six feet in width. partially clad, these pens, from the next by the plan in height, lay side eer pose of the shanties containing two such rooms aften were used for sleeping purposes by thirty to Persons of both sexes and all “Little attention was given to sani. if the 4 no toilet facilities. they lived as ‘like hogs tice rie ey live e and ‘like cattle beasts? r The survey found that the ‘wages of entire families were seldom. over three dollars, On a sam} 4 ten families earned as as dollars while forty famil! less than two dollars. With few ex- tions the children of and years of worked same hours as their parents. Children of tender years not alone picked berries but plowed, harrowed, worked ma- chine cultivators and transplanted. Samuel Gorepers is too busy sav- hildren from the canon of Hs f vism to do anything even this menace or even Tnodity its county is $70 per acre and the total farm mortgage debt is at least $6,000 goes by but there is one or more s' be hg the vicinity of Centervill represént that which it is whispered to be in thé Moscow orgatization— RANCHES OF WORKERS PARTY FORMED IN S. D. Daily Worker Greeted by Farmers (Special to The Daily Worker) CENTERVILLE, 8S. D., March 3. —Branches of the Workers Party have just been organized at Marion and Centerville, Turner County, S. D. At the first meetings held by these party branches the new members were unanimously of the opinion that the farmers and the workers would not be able to get justice for them- selves until they established their own political and economic system. The Workers Party was praised for its uncompromising fight against capi talism and the DAILY WORKER was hailed as the best workers’ paper in the United States, several members handing in their subscriptions. Seventy per cent of the farmers in this county are renters. These tenants pay from $800 to $1,200, or 2-5 of the crop, per quarter section, ». privilege of working the land. With price of land sky-high and low Fn for farm products, the tenants | ve absolutely no chance of ever, becoming owners. At present they have great difficulty in meeting} necessary expenses, The bonded indebtedness of the | quarter section. Taxes run from 130 to $300 per quarter sections. The local banks are prodding many to put on auction sales in a group faction? The statement that the members of the apparatus are mobilized at this meeting, is nonsense, When Comrade Zinoviev stated in his address that we mem- bers of the Central make it our en- deavor not to bring up questions re- lating to differences of opinion—then this signifies that we have none. No one can say that the majority of the Central has become transform- ed into a group, into’a faction. Com- rades, have you not at the head of your Party a Central elected by the Congress, and which is no accidental formation, for the elections at the Congress are not carried out by ac- cidental majorities? The Central, as constituted at present, has been formed during the course of decades by gradua] selection. How many have been members of the Central! Central Not Accidental Grouping. Do not tell us that the Central is an accidental grouping of people who have come together from mo- tives of personal friendship and have | usurped power, { The Central is something which has and lengthy process of selection, it) has been created from the elements | which the Party has found it neces-! sary to place in the foreground. Comrade Preobrashensky observed | that he had heard something of a triple head. I should like to ask Comrade Preobrashensky if he knows of one single political document, or of one single enactment or resolution which has emanated from this triple head? Does he know of any doctQnent in which the policy of the Centtal is not carried out in the name of the Central? Does this imply that there exist no differences of opinion whatever in the Central? By no means.’ We were not chosen because we all agreed with one another. We dis- agree with one another in the Cen- tral, we have our majorities and min- orities, as every nucleus has. It would only be possible to speak of a faction if some decision were arrived at and carried.out behind the back of the Central, or when mem- bers of the Central who were not agreed with the line adopted by the Central were deprived ‘of the posst, bility of mutually dis¢ussing the de- cisions arrived at. So long as this is not the case-~and you have no right to maintain that it is the case —you have no right to maintain that the Central is a faction center. Necessity of Apparatus. You have either to believe the Central or the others; the Central cannot work differently. And you must reply straight forwardly to this, even tho Comrades Preobra- shensky and Sapronov allow that on the whole the Central acts correctly; for even if only one-tenth of the Party were to believe that the Cen- tral is leading a muzzled Party, then this Central is worth fothing. And if you. yourselves do’ not face ‘this | Progressives Win | All Offices in N. Y. I. L. G. W. Local (Special to The Daily Worker) NEW YORK, March 3.—A signal victory was won by the progressives in Cloak Finishers’ Local No. 9 of the International Ladies’ Garment Work- | ers of New York when Louis Hyman | was reelected manager of the local | and “all twenty-five candidates put up| by the progressives were elected to | | the executive board at the elections held at the end of last week. The business agent of the machine | who has held his job for ten years van against the progressive candi- date Hyman, but was defeated, as ‘were all the other 25 job holders who van against the progressive candi- jdates for the executive board, The | vote for manager of the local was: |958 for Hyman and 672 for the can- didate of the machine. The reactionaries did a lot of elec- tioneering for their candidates; qhey issued leaflets, they circulated all kinds of ugly rumors about Hyman and the obs Applies! in general, they canvassed the shops for their can- didates, they procured the help of that warm friend of all reactionaries, the yellow “Forward,” but all this was to no avail. The cloak finishers would not let themselves be bluffed. Workers of Paterson, New Jersey, Meet PATERSON, N. J., March 3.—In Paterson, New Jersey, the provisional couneil for the Protection of Foreign Born Workers is calling a conference order that they may get money to pay it they “owe.” Not a ey ui ers here are sick econ- omically speaking and they are look ing for a new deal. i ‘ UNCLE WIGGILY'S TRICK fore Wednesday night, 5, at 8 . m, at Workers’ Hall, 7 Bridge St., ‘aterson, N. J. The call has reached seventy-five organizations and a successful con- ference is expected, Paterson being one of leading silk mill towns, with a mixed foreign population. S.0: to Plan Action |* The Concluding Speech by Kamenev Be question clearly, we shall demand the convocation of the extraordinary Party conference, And now with regard to the Party apparatus. This question must be wiewed from the political aspect. Comrade Sapronov has asserted that the Party apparatus has be- come converted into a factional ap- paratus. A narrow factional spirit has been spoken of. This is what you have asserted, and not that the apparatus fs decayed, and can be compared to a certain extent with the apparatus of German social democracy. This is utter nonsense, and it is difficult to see what is meant by it. In Germany the apparatus is pre- venting the development of the revo- lution, But what conclusion is there for us to draw from this? —Decid- edly none whatever. It is simply obvious that German social democracy possesses an ap- paratus worthy of it, But for us the question is whether we have an apparatus which effi- ciently serves our Party. In our} { been formed by the Party by a slow opinion, our apparatus needs fresh-| desired to repeat the words of Com- ening up; it has made mistakes, The | reasons for the attack on the appa- ratus must be examined into. it because it is bad? ible enough? Does it gag the mouths of the workers? Then drag into the light of day,| by the hair of their heads, all those ! who do not permit the workers to speak, who forbid discussion, and substitute the muzzle for leadership. | But you havé gone even further; you have asserted that the Party appara- tus has become converted into a fac- tional apparatus, and this means that nine-tenths of the policy pursued by the Central does not please you. Apparatus Must Be Renewed. But the policy of the Central will not please you any better when # consists of Sapronov and Preobra- shensky, and the Central apparatus puts into practice some resolutions not agreeable to you for, some reason, , What is to be said about the fac- tional spirit? Have we not exter- minated the Menshevist party? Have we not annihilated the “work” | of social democracy in Germany? But we know the political back- ground justifying our actions. We succeeded in our efforts to de- stroy an apparatus hostile to us, and belonging to a faction pursuing | a. shameful policy. And when you} speak here of a factional apparatus, you are saying indirectly that the policy of this apparatus is disagree- able to you because it is not in your hands, and because it is pursuing a/ policy which you attack. I repeat that the apparatus must be renewed, and to do this lies in our hands. We can hold fresh elec- | tions. Dare we dréam for a moment of loosening the bands which bind us together, not only as a Party, but as a military formation? DANISH PUPILS TO SEE PLAYS IN SCHOOL THEATRE Reading Drama Was Too Dull By PAUL HOYER. (Staff Correspondent of the Federated Press) COPENHAGEN, Denmark, March 3.—The 30,000 school children and high school students of Copenhagen are to have their own theater soon. Pupils will see plays in this theater just as regularly as they now have language lessons or gymnastics or arithmetic. The little theater in the Copenhagen Casino will be entirely rebuilt and will be known as the Skoleteater—school theater. Teacher Originated Idea. Just When you can prove to us that the formation of groups is no loner dangerous, that the influence of the New Economic Policy is not danger- ous, that we have conquered an in- ternational position ensuring us power and strength; when you can tell us that our democracy occupies a different position, and that the position of our apparatus has be- come so secure that groupings with. in the Party can exercise no influ- ence upon it, then we shall reply: | “The time has now come for liberty | for discussion.” But until it can be proved that this point has been ar- rived at, we prefer to say: “Discuss and consult, go from one nucleus to another, but do not form factions, which will lead to the disruption of the unity of the Party and of the Soviet power.” No Sign of Split. In conclusion, I should like to touch upon Comrade Radek’s address, He spoke of a split, and delivered a passionate speech against this split, I cannot tell where he has found this talk of a split. If he had only | | ade Lenin: “Be on gainst schism, fear your guard | it, and take | read it aloud. | Why did Radek speak as he did? | If facts actually exist which prove | them forward, for such a speech as his gan only sew doubt and alarm. | responsible member of the Central | comes and speaks of a split. There ig no split in the Party, and} no sign of it, and there will not be| any sign of it. Radek spoke of| “both sides.” What both sides? The two sides in disagreement—but he | forgot that we are not a side. We| are not in such a position that the| Central Committee forms one side} and some factional group another.. , The Party has a Central which does not feel itself to be a side; this Central leads and carries out the pol- icy, and accords all attention to criti- cism of its action. Were we not in possession of such a courageous or- gan, capable of undertaking respon- sibility in such decisive moments as that of the German revolution, we | should possess no Party. | Two sides do not exist; there is} only one whole—the Central, which estimates the criticism of its actions in accordance with essentials, and is willing to learn much from correct criticism. This does mt mean that we are| bound to reject everything coming from any other source than our own camp, but it means thet we have to subject everything we hear to a criti- cal consideration, for on cvery occa- sion of historical turning points, these comrades have made us sug- gestions which\wWould have driven our Party vehicle over the precipice. Radek observed: “I regret that Trotsky, in this article, has permit- fore Moscow Commu nists ted himself a the heads of our Party and the de- | generation of Bernstein and other | scolars: of Marx.” Radek is nine- }tenths on the same road as Sapro- | nov, but not quite. Caution Needed. At least that is my impression; yet he finds it necessary to express his regret that Trotsky has drawn this unnecessary comparison. In this case I share Radek’s regret and am sorry that Trotsky has for- mulated his views in such a manner as to allow his words to be seized upon by Sapronov as a against the Central, It proves that greater caution should be exercised when formulating opinions, Here I have a note written by a workman: “Trotsky demands that the appara- tus men be removed, how are we to know what to do!” It is obvious that the writer of this note has, been induced to put this complicated ques- tion by Trotsky’s formulation of his views, I do not speak of Trotsky’s article, but of the manner in which his mode of expression is utilized. Trotsky’s article requires to be complemented and explained, or Is} measures to prevent it,” then he need | doubts may be aroused in the minds Is it not flex-|only have taken Lenin’s article and | of the masses as to whether Comrade Trotsky demands that the apparatus men be removed. Salvation lies in the strict adher- If our Party change of the 10th Congress. carries out the impending these!” there is a danger that what is in reality a sound necessity may | go too far, that it may overstep the line and destroy the essence of the apparatus, If you will make up your minds} that the Moscow organization ac- cepts the resolution worked out by the Central, and undertakes to carry it out under the leadership of the Central, declining at the same time to take part in any attempt at form- ing factions, or in the incitement of any section of the Central against another, then we shall be able to perform the necessary evolution with ease, But if we let the reins go at this turning, then within a month we shall have factions and sections be- ing played off against one another. Above all, the Party must be pre- served by the Central from internal schism. It has hitherto been custom- ary to praise the Moscow organiza- tion. We read in the newspapers, and we hear from Comrade Preobrashensky, that the Moscow organization is a living organization, altho it shows certain signs of bureaucracy. I fear that these comrades praise the Mos- cow organization because its first steps raised their hopes, and that they will cease to praise the Mos- cow organization when it lends de- termined support to the Central, and rejécts this group. ically Danish plays for the children of the lower grades, and both Danish and foreign ‘classics for the students of the higher grades. A further advantage that is claimed for the scheme is the fact that new histrionic talent can be dis- covered. Ambitious young actors can win their spurs here. Stage man- agers will eagerly scan the boards of the school theater in quest of dis- coveries. Abolish Illiteracy by 1927, Is Program of Russ Educators (Special to The Daily Worker) MOSCOW, March 3.—Intensified war on illiteracy has been ordered by the All Russian Congress of Suv- iets which approved Commisar of Education Lunacharsky’s program for the complete elimination of il- literacy by 1927, that is in three years. There are still 17,000,000 illiter- ates in Russia, Lunacharsky’s report The idea originated with a Dutch teacher named Hejle, who realized that it is tedious for school children to read classical plays merely as lit- erature, without seeing them dramas, tized. He therefore aranged for the pupils of his school to see a certain number of Danish classical plays by an arrangement with the Dagmar theater. scheme, however, bene- fitted only about 2000 school chil- dren. By erecting a special school theater it will be possible to give all the children of Copenhagen a chance to ent their studies of literature and history. It is ee that a play can be produced 50 times before all the stu- dents have seen it. While this play is running, another one will begin at some other hour of the day, to which those who have already seen the first y will go with their teachers, and shows. This represents an immense reduction from tsarist times, showing that illiteracy is now reduced to less than 13 per cent from the 75 per rednt figure of the old regime, Premier Rykov is giving earnest support to the educational program, declaring that it is the most impor- tant issue before the people, Ludwig Lore Will Speak in Boston on March Ninth BOSTON, Mass., March 3.—Lud- wig Lore, editor of the New York Volkzeitu: will be the principal speaker at a meeting here on March 9, to pro’ against the registration of the foreign born workers. T meeting will take pe on Sunday afternoon, 2 p, m., in the Scenic Au- in this way a considerable number of lays can luced in the course school year. All Kinds of Plays, It is contemplated that two cate- gories of plays be given—the typ- ditorium corner Tremont and Berk- ley streets. James P. Reed of Provi- ; dence will preside, It will be held under the auspices of the Council for the Protection of the Foreign Born. Admission is free, A LAUGH FOR THE CHILDREN N.Y, FEDERATED FARMER - LABOR PARTY CONVENING March 23 Meet Will Outline Program NEW YORK, March 3.—The New York branch of the Federated Farm- er-Labor Party will hold its second convention Sinday, March 23, at the Central Opera House, 67th St. and Third avenue. The New York branch of the F. F.-L, P. has sent out letters to all the local unions of the city asking them to send deiegates to the convention, The convention will lay plans for carrying the work of the F. F.-L. P. on during the coming presidential campaign. The St. Paul convention will be one of the most important matters to come before the conven- tion. Already many unions have sig- nified their intention of sending dele- gates, The first convention of the New York branch of the F. F.-L. P. was held last September with more than 200 delegates representing more than 85,000 workers present. In the call for the New York con- vention the F. F.-L. P. announces that it is planning to take a big part in New York. City during the coming campaign. WORKERS’ SCHOO & Literature (“ Granulated, use . | comparison between weapon | | Page Five Ludendorff Woos Fascisti with Warlike Speeches from Dock (Special to The Daily Worker) MUNICH, March 3.—Ludendorff, former warlord of Germany, came here to be tried but instead he has placed his accusers on trial and is a popular idol among the Fascisti ele- ments who were rathey demoralized |since the failure of tée “beer hall” rebellion. It looks as if the court room scene was specially prepared by the gen- eral to win his way back again into popular favor. He lost most of the glamor with which his name was sur- rounded when he was caught cower- ing in a cellar after his futile revolt He expects to come thru the trial victorious, or at the-worst with a small fine, schism, then it was his duty to bring| ence and execution of the resolution | We cannot preserve calm when al under the slogan of: “Away with | isp History of the Three Internationals Ludwig Lore, Thursday, Mar. 6 History of the American Trade Union Movement, Solon de Leon, Wednesday, Mar. 5 Don Juan,” “Up Stream,” by Ludwig Lewisohn), E. B. Jacobson, Friday, Mar. 7 REGISTER NOW IMPEACH COOLIDGE! PHILADELPIA, PA., ATTENTION “POLIKUSHKA” A six reel wonder film based on the story of serfdom by LEO TOLSTOY Produced in Russia by the world- famous Moscow Art Theatre —will be shown at— LULU TEMPLE Broad and‘Spring Garden Streets SAT., MAR. 8, 1924 Large International Orchestra. Two Shows—7 and 9 P. M. TICKETS 55c and 83c Cleveland, O., Readers, Notice SECOND ANNUAL Entertainment & Dance At GRDINA’S HALL, 6021 ST. CLAIR SUNDAY, MAR. 16, 3:30 P. M. Rosinthal’s Union Orchestra. Entertainment—Refreshments— Supper ADMISSION 50 CENTS Auspices WORKERS PARTY. RUBBER STAMPS AND SEALS IN ENGLISH AND IN ALL’ FOREIGN LANGUAGES INK, PADS, DATERS, RUBBER TYPE,Erc, NOBLER STAMP & SEAL CO. 73 W, VanBurenst, Phone Wabash 6680 CHICAGO MAIL ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO——— Telephone Diversey 5129 ED. GARBER QUALITY SHOES For Men, Women and Children 2427 LINCOLN AVENUE Near Halsted and Fullerton Ave. CHICAGO If You Are Particular and Want a Fresh JUST LIKE HOME MEAL EAT AT LERNER’S PRIVATE RESTAURANT 2709 W. DIVISION ST. (2nd floor) PITTSBURGH, PA. DR. RASNICK DENTIST Rendering Expert Dental Service fer 20 Year $45 SMITHFIELD ST., Near 7th Ave 1627 CENTER AVE., Cor. Arthur St. Phone ding 4670 ASHER B. PORTNOY & Painters and Decorators PAINTERS’ SUPPLIES imates on New and Old Work MILWAUKEE AVE. CHICAGO Special Reduction on Books at LEVINSON’S BOOK STORE co. 127 University Place (14th Street_and Union ane NEW YORK CI Herman Simpson Soothes, Safe for Infant or Adult. At a! Druggists. Write tor Pree Eye Book. Murine Bye Remedy Co. 9 East Ohio St., Chicago