The Daily Worker Newspaper, March 3, 1924, Page 4

THE DAILY WORKER Monday, March 3, 1924 WORKERS PARTY| BRINGING UNITY TO ARMENIAN GROUPS Fusion ‘Agreed Upon At Boston Confab (Special to The Daily Worker) BOSTON, Mass., March 2.—Unity of the two Armenian groups within three months was agreed upon by delegates from each faction at a convention here. There were 38 delegates in all, 19 from 16 branches, representing the Armenian Federation of the Workers Party S. D. Huntchakist and 19 delegates from 16 branches representing the Armenian Workers Party, which had not affiliated with the Workers Party of America before the conven- non. The unity program adopted was proposed by C. E. Ruthenberg who represented the Workers Party at the convention. It is interesting as showing party requirements in such tases. ’s several provisions read A—Will recognize both groups as party of the Armenjan Section of the Workers Party and will is- sue dues stamps and membership cards to branches of each group. B—It will require that within a period of three months the branches of the respective groups shall unite into one branch in each city, carrying this decision into effect thru the City Central Committee and District Executive Committee of the party in the ter- ritory in which Armenian Branch- es exist. C—No new branches as char- ters of the Armenian Section of the Workers Party, to replace the present charters reading Armenian Federation of the Workers Party --S. D. Huntchakist Party will be issued to the branches anywhere until these branches have united as stated in paragraph “B.” D—During the three month pe- riod in which the branches are to be united the C. H. C, will require of the Bureau elected by each of the groups that no factional strug- gle be carried on. Neither circu- Jar letters nor articles in the party press shall be issued in which one or the other group is attacked. — E—The C. E. C. will require that in each city in whjch more than one branch exists, no matter which faction it belongs to, there shall be formed immediately a Propaganda Commmitee, consist- ing of representatives of the THE PARTY AT WORK Party Branches Respond To Call For Farmer-Labor Campaign Fund By C. E. RUTHENBERG Executive Secretary, Workers Party HE Central Executive Committee of the Party has asked the branches to raise a campaign fund of $15,000 for use of the Party in making the fight for mass Farmer-Labor Party in the 1924 presidential election. In the circular letter sent to party branches it is pointed out that the present situation in the United States offers the greatest opportunity of the last quarter of a century for a great step forward to class political action by the Workers and Farmers. The experiences of both the industrial workers and farmers since the end of the war have developed a wide-spread movement for independent political action. This movement, which was already highly developed, has been greatly intensified by the Teapot Dome exposures, showing the utter rottenness of both the old parties and the government which they administer. The wide-spread sentiment for a Farmer-Labor Party must be crystal- lized organizationally. Unless the movement is given the leadership which will crystallize the isolated groups already over the country in a great Farmer-Labor Party with its own candidates and platform, fighting against the two old parties in the presidential election, the present opportunity for this step in advance toward class action will be lost, the movement dis- sipated and come to naught. There must be a Farmer-Labor Party contesting the presidential elec- tion. This is the view of the Central Executive Committee of the Workers Party. The Party has during the last two years carried on a consistent campaign for the formation of a mass Farmer-Labor Party. It has won for itself a position of ladership thru the work done to realize this goal. The opportunity which now exists places great responsi! jlities upon our Party. It is our work to crystallize the Farmer-Labor sentiment into a Farmer-Labor Party. We must furnish the leadership. It is to meet this situation that the Central Executive Committee has asked the Party Branches to raise the Farmer-Labor Campaign Fund of $15,000—for literature, speakers and organizers in the Farmer-Labor Party Campaign. Party Units Respond. The request for funds left the National Office last week. Already the branches of the party are beginning to act upon the appeal and to send in their quota for the fund. . The branch having the place of honor in making the ‘first contribution to the Farmer-Labor Campaign Fund is the Polish Branch at Hamtramck, Mich, Altho the appeal has not yet reached most of the branches, other responses have already come in. The Lithuanian Branch at Elizabeth, N. J. was second on the list. The contributions received are Hamtranck Polish Branch. . . Elizabeth, N. J., Lithuania’ 5.00 Mystic, Iowa, South Sla 9.00 Erie, Polish . . .- 1.00 Dr. Karl F. M. Sai 75.00 ‘The fund is being raised in the branc itary purchase by the members of a Mass, Class Farmer-Labor Campaign Fund label. Each member of the Party is asked to place one of these labels on his dues book. Branches with up to 25 members are asked to raise at least $10.00 and branches with over 25 members $25.00. ‘There are now 1300 Party Branches. If each branch raises the quota requested the total asked for from the Party Branches will be easily raised. Comrades of the Party! We are face to face with a great opportunity. In the present historical situation there could be no greater achievement for us than the crystallization in the United States thru our work and leadership of a great, mass class, Farmer-Labor Party. YOU WILL HELP THE PARTY MEET ITS RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACHIEVE VICTORY THRU YOUR CONTRIBUTION TO THE FARMER- LABOR PARTY CAMPAIGN FUND. TAKE UP THE QUESTION AT YOUR NEXT BRANCH MEETING. SEND IN YOUR QUOTA PROMPTLY. branches in equal proportion, which Propaganda Committee shall arrange public meetings under the joint auspices and carry on joint propaganda among the Armenian arty. F—At the end of the three month period in which the branch- es of the respective groups are to be united the C. E. C. will either appoint a Bureau to represent the United Armenian Section, or call a new convention made up of dele- gates from the United branches. G—Branches or individuals who fail to carry out or in any way hinder the execution of the above program or any of the conditions laid down, will be expelled from he Party. “No branch can be affiliated with he Communist International without filiation with the Workers Party. Man y | Workers Join the Party at Kenosha Meeting (Special to The Daily Worker) KENOSHA, Wis., March 2.— Wany new members for the Party, wrangements for the formation of wanches of the Young Workers League and its Junior section as well ts an Italian branch were the net re- sults of a well attended mass meet- ng called by the Workers Party sere last night. Al Schaap, district wganizer of the Chicago district Young Workers League, spoke on ‘Protection of the Foreign Born.” When the speaker declared that he efforts being put forth by the rested interests to curb or destroy the labor unfons would surely fail, ind that the proposition to curtail the activities of the foreign born workers by the enactment of new ws, would be bitterly fought by the Workers Party, the audience knew that he meant what he said. Schaap declared that “any attempt jo photograph and finger-print the foreign born must be resisted by all workers” and that the party he rep- resented was taking a leading part in the general struggle of the work- ing_class. The speaker laid particular stress on the part of the Y. W. L. with its Youth and Junior sections is taking in the class struggle. The meeting was the forerunner of many others that will make the party grow in this Wisconsin town. Asbestos Toilers Make It Hot for St. Louis Bosses in Wage Fight ST. LOUIS, March 2.—The first strike in the general move of St. Louis building trades for a minimum bike Whey $1.50 an hour has been by the asbestos workers and insulators, The men walked out ir representatives reported ’s demand for $1.50 an hour refused by the employers, ion working agreement ex- ary 1, are ex, iencing an effort to en tae nonunion workers. The 100,” No negotiations . No 6 carried on. ERE ote 3 i am iE Fs HOUSE TO HOUSE |e ore en CANVAS SUNDAY | ‘rom teapot Dome FOR GERMANS Volunteers Called For By F.S.R. Labor’s angwer to the exposure of the present capitalist system of- ernment, thru the Tea Pot Dome scandal, will be given at 2 mass megt- ing te be held in Chicago, Thursday, March 6, at Wicker Park Hall, 2040 West North avenue, 8 p. m. The speakers are: J. Louis Engdahl and William F. Dunne, both editors of the DAILY WORKER, and Arne Swabeck, District Organizer of the Sunday, March 9, is the day set aside by the friends of Soviet Rus- sia and Workers’ Germany for a house to house canvass on behalf of the German working class. It is an opportunity for militants to show their solidarity and friendship for the workers of Germany. A state of famine exists in Ger- many, especially in the industrial and populous parts of Saxony, Thuringia, the Rhine provinces, Silesia and Ber- lin. These people are entirely de- prived of foodstuffs. European Workers Aiding. The workers of other countries are doing their part. Great Britain, France, Holland, the Scandinavian countries, Italy and even Russia who has just gone thru a famine herself, are doing their part thru the Inter- national Workers’ Relief Committee to bring help and courage to the hard pressed German workers. The American workers have made a beginning in relief work for Ger- many. That work must now expand and speed up if ‘we are to take our places along side of the workers in other countries who are standing by Germany’s children. We, too, are a brench of the International Workers’ Relief Committee and we are ex- pected to do our share. Dime Means a Meal. We need volunteers for the house to house canvass to be held on March 9, Sunday. The money that comes in thru that canvass will be used to support the existing soup kitchens in Germany and to open new ones. Every dime that comes in means a meal for a hungry German child. The American capitalists age in league with the German capitalists to starve the German workers into slav- ery. The American workers must send help to their German brothers to enable them to make their fight against their oppressors. It is our fight too. Lower standard of living over there will be reflected in a similar movement here, By helping Germany, you are helping yourself, too. Remember! Volunteers are needed! Sunday, March the 9th! For the House to House Canvass! Send in your name and address to the Friends of Workers Germany, Room 307, 166 W. Washington St. White Guards in Australia, MELBOURNE, Australia, March 2.—Contrary to the wishes of Au- stralian people, the anti-Labor fed- eral government has allowed a num- ber of Russian White Guards, with their wives and families, to enter Australia, where they propose to set- tle as farmers. They were formerly in the Kolchak and Denikin armies. ene came to Australia by way of ina. IMPEACH, COOLIDGE! } Workers Party. The Tea Pot Dome steal—one of the many thieveries that take place at Washington—is just another ef- fective “proof that a capitalist gov- ernment functions only in the inter- ests of the Big Money Bags. High governmental officials, in this case, are involved and shown up. as hold- ing government positions for the pur- pose only of aiding Wall Street inter- ests for bribes. This incident, com- ing at a time when the country is stirred up about the formation of new parties, proves that the only new party needed is a real class party of farmers and workers. The need of such a party will be explained at the meeting March 6. Admission is free and all the readers of this paper should attend and voice their pro- test against such governmental cor- ruption, and show definitely they realize the need of independent political, working class action. Poles Who Revolted Against Tyranny May Get Life Term ing out the referendum as The Polish government has put on trial 120 workers who took part in the revolt in Cracow in the month of December. These workers are in’ danger of being sentenced to prison for life altho it was the government which provoked the revolt by send- ing infantry and cavalry against the striking workers. The workers of America, by their protests, can do a great deal to save are in danger now. Polish workers in this country, especially, can help to’free their comrades in Poland by making their voice heard on behalf of the prisoners. By their protests they will at least make it clear to the Polish consuls and the Polish am- bassador in this country that they are dissatisfied with the terrorist actions of their mother country, and in this way the Polish government may learn to know the attitude of the Polish workers in this country. Proves Bribery in Courts. ST. LOUIS, Mo., March 2.—E. J. nt, Order of Railroad Telegraphers, and head of the Tele- graphers’ labor bank here, is fore- man of a grand jury which is in- vestigating a reported system of wholesale witness tampering and bribery in St. Louis courts, REDDING, Cal., March 2.—Pe' secution of the I. W. W. here con- tinues. Men are constantly being arrested and dismissed in groups of five or ten. At this writing 11 are in jail, six on a criminal syndicalism | THE DAIL ae a . them te s |NEARING DEBATES YALE PROFESSOR ON RUSSIAN ISSUE Opponent’s Father Was Duma Leader (Special to The Daily Worker) NEW HAVEN, Conn., March 2.— The biggest educational event that has been announced for New Haven recently will take place in Music Hall, 11% Court street, Wednesday, March 5, at 8 p. m., when Professor Scott Nearing of New York and Pro- fessor Alexander Petrunkovitch of Yale will meet in debate. The question to be debated will be: “Shall the United States Recognize Soviet Russia?” Prof. Nearing holds that such rec- ognition shall take place at once. Prof. Petrunkovitch is opposed to recognition. 2 Fired For Radicalism. Prof. Nearing is nationally known as a lecturer; teacher and radical. He was Instructor in Economics and As- sistant Professor in the University of Pennsylvania (Wharton Sehool) ; In- structor in Economics, Swarthmore College; Instructor in Sociology, Temple University; Professor of So- cial Science and Dean of the College of Arts and Science, Toledo Uni- versity. The universities of Pennsylvania and Toledo declared him too radical to teach in those educational insti- tutions and, he was fired—as they say in the shop. Nearing was compelled to look for- more sympathetic audiences for his message and teaching and he tound |such audiences among the workers and their sympathizers. Since leav- ing the universities he has gained a national reputation as a lecturer, teacher and debater. Son of Russian Liberal. Alexander Petrunkovitch is pro- fessor of Zoology in Yale. His father was one of the greatest political leaders of Russia during Czarist times. His father was one of the founders of the Constitutional Demo- cratic Party of Russia, a party of young capitalism and opposed to the feudal aristocracy. Together with Milukoff he organized the first gov- ernment in Russia after the over- throw of the Czar. This government was followed speedily by the Keren- sky regime. The elder Petrunkovitch was a member of the Russian Duma since its foundation in 1905, was the editor of “Retch,” the official daily organ of his party. Prof. Petrunkovitch of Celebrate Communist Women’s Day Thruout World, March 8th Women thruout the world will celebrate International Communist Women’s Day Saturday, March 8th. It is stressed, however, that this is not merely a women’s affair, but the affair of the whole Communist movement. Meetings are being arranged in all the large industrial centers thruout the United States, These will be announced in the columns of the DAILY WORKER during the week, The proclamation on International Women’s Day issued by the Communist International to the Communist Parties of all countries is as follows: Forward to Women’s Day! To the Central Committees of all Communist Parties. DEAR COMRADES: As you know THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST WOMEN'S DAY will be observed as usual on March 8th. _ The Presidium, draws your attention to the fact that, in accordance with the decision of our World Congresses, this Day is in all countries THE AFFAIR OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY and not merely a “Women’s affair”. The Presidium expects you te honor this decision and to do your utmost to ensure the successful observance of this day by collaborating in the preparations for it with the leading women com- rades in the National Women’s Committee and in the Party organs engaged in communist work among women. The general offensive of the world bourgeoisie against the prole- tariat (which is as strong as ever), and against the destitute and poor sections of the population, the rule of military dictatorship, fascism and white terror in many countries, the necessity to establish a united front of the exploited and oppressed, all this taken together adds to the significance of the International Communist Women’s Day as a tried and excellent means to awaken wide masses of women and to make them active fighters in the revolutionary class struggle of the prole- tariaf. The proletarian united front, of which the Communist Party is the leader, can only be complete if women workers are also drawn into the work of the establishment and organization of this front. The Presidium is well aware of the great difficulties confronting the International Communist Women’s Day in the countries where Com- munist Parties have been suppressed and have thus been reduced to an illegal or semi-legal existence. However, Communists never shied at difficulties, on the contrary, the greater the difficulties the greater their efforts and activities. It is just’ in those countries where the Communist Party is proscribed and persecuted with or without martial law, that it must make special efforts for the preparation and observ- ance of the International Communist Women’s Day. This Day must be an overwhelming proof that the Party is alive and active in spite of all prohibition and persecutions, that it maintains its stand in the midst of the enslaved and impoverished masses, suffering with them and defending their right to live, as only a true leader of the masses towards their emancipation_can ‘do. Communist Parties, men and women comrades of all countries, recruit self-sacrificing female forces for the next great phase of the proletarian liberation struggle, for the overthrow of class domination- bourgeois dictatorship thru the establishment of the dictatorship of{ the proletariat! Do your duty, and do it joyfully! All of you who believe in Communism, from the foremost leaders of the revolutionary prole- tarian vanguard in every country down to the ordinary and unknown men and women, close up your ranks! Organize the International Com- munist Women’s Day! Prepare yourselves for it! Do your utmost to ensure its success! Dear Gomrades, the Presidium is convinced that you will make this our appeal your own, and that you will do your utmost to ensure its success, Long live the International Communist Women’s Day! Long live the struggle against the class domination of the -bour- geoisie, of the propertied classes! Long live the struggle for the dictatorship of the proletariat! Long live the Communist International! With Communist Greetings, The Presidium of the Executive of the Communist International. Yale is considered in the country to be one of the first authorities on Russia and is the leading contributor to phe Tithes Current History maga- ive in Russian matters, The debate between these two in- telectuals, one an American and for Soviet Russia, the other-also an American citizen, but born in Russia and against the present government of that country, is expected to pack the hall. Teapot and May 30 Furnish Live Topics for Boston Meet {Special to The Daily Worker) BOSTON, Mass., March 2—A membership meeting of the Boston local on the May 30 Convention and the Teapot Dome Scandal, proved to be the best discussion meeting that the Boston local has ever had, After t¥e City Central Committee Secre- tary had read the communications from the National Office, William Simons, district organizer, discussed the oil situation, the present outlook for the May 30 Cohvention, and laid stress on getting resolutions that | Conroy of Machinist Local their fellow workers in Poland who] ;_ in the various organiza' He pointed out that in Worces F. placed his local on record in favor of the Convention, Comrade Canter explained the out- look for a State Labor Party in Mas- .g 8achusetts,! excoriating the Socialists in the Conference for Progressive Po- litical Action for their delay in send- led on st October. Many other comrades took the floor, representing most of the branches in the city. it was an encouraging meeting. Young Workers of Chicago Meet Six Days a Week Chicago branches of the Young Workers League meet on the follow- iz Fcced of 3 ee junday: ing Park Branch 4021 N. Drake yg 4 P.M; Hirsh Lekert, 2613 Hirsh Blvd., 3 P. M., (Jewish); Nicolai Lenin, Branch, 2733 Hirsh Blvd., 2 P. M.; Rosa Luxembourg Branch, 1221 S, a ving. Brsdgerer Branch, jonday: Ist Halt, 31 wa’ Heloted Tuesda: a) ot a) r Class in “A B C of Con Mg a bog vision Street, 8:30 P. Branch, 2408, N. Halsted Street ranc! fi 8:30 P. M.; Local Jewish iy anda Committee, Ist and ednesday, 2613 Hirsh Blvd., 8 P.M. Thapeday:’ Mapleweed/ adaaby 2733 Hirsh Blvd. 8:30 P, M. Fridays: John Reed 3418 Douglas Bivd., 8. P. M.; gene pee 1500 N. = venue, ri ale | ‘est Side Branch, 3322 ut ly 8 P. M.; Marshfield Branch, 1103 " is Avenue, 8 P, M. How rk 4 of wi oir aka ia their paper. the people who write in to us seldom CANADIAN CALLS DAILY WORKER ~ THE BEST EVER’ Jars Ideas Loose, Is Another Comment The DAILY WORKER staff never get tired of reading letters from readers telling what they think of Maybe that is because fail to praise the paper. The workers of Canada and other parts of America believe that the DAILY WORKER is as much theirs as do the workers in this country. pb Tie part as a letter from a anadian worker: “The DAILY WORKER is the best working class paper I ever saw here or anywhere else. You produce the paper; it is up to your readers to get the sub- scribers. Here is a new one.”—S. F, M. Edmonton, Alberta. * * > © _, “My copy of the DAILY WORKER i$ read regularly by six or seven workers, That doesn’t leave them in very good condition for filing. ‘Send me No, 324 and No. 325 and I will be able to complete my file. I want to keep all issues of the DAILY WORKER.”—Jim Lacey, Roxbury, Mass. * * * * “You are certainly getting out a good paper. It has the ring of mili- tancy which should appeal to every worker who reads it. You are do- ing a nice job on the oil crew.” —J. S., Annona, Tex. » ~ * 8 * “I like the paper fine. It sure ought to jar them loose from a’ few old ideas.”—W. A. W., Centerville, Towa. * * * * _ “That issue of Feb. 8, was a hum dinger. Send me about a dozen cae tase Surkert, Cincinnati, io. Alcohol Scandal ‘ Rocks Government of Czecho-Slovakia By FRITZ KREJCUI. (Staff Correspondent of the, Federated Press) _PARIS, March 2.—Czecho-Slova- kia’s political foundation has receiv- ed a shakeup thru a reeking scandal, this time involving alcohol, not oil. The president of the senate, Karl Prashek, member of the Landown- ers’ Party, was also president of the Association of Alcohol Burners. This asociation is shown to have collected and spent $3,000,000 for corrupt pur- poses, chiefly to bribe leaders of political parties to pass laws favor- ing the alcohol industries. the sensation was revealed, the president of the republic, Mas- aryk, refused to recetve tne compro- mised president of the senate. Pra- shek resigned. But he retains a strong weapon in his knowledge of the names of political leaders who received their share of the $3,000,000 booty. FOSTER FLAYS MINER FAKERS IN LABOR HERALD March Issue T. U. E. L. Organ Just Out Wm, Z, Foster makes some astounding statements on the United .|Mine Workers, once the pride of the American Labor movement, in his article in the March issue of the La- bor Herald. He says “The Convention was un- doubtedly the most reactionary held by the miners in twenty years.” Proving it makes a most interest- ing story. The fight on the resolution to int organizers drove the ma- chine to spend $1,000 in telegrams to secure aid from officials in all surrounding coal fields. The steam roller, and every trick, fair or foul, had to be used accora- ing to the author, to maintain the existing power. The influence of the Ku Klux Klan, the fight on the att case, the disregard of a member of the 8 3 Cabinet and the influence of the DAILY WORKER in this convention, make interesting and important reading. No one interest- ed in the progress of labor and the retarding reactionary _ leadership should miss the details of this story. This outstanding article does not complete the value of this number. oissaye Olgin’s article, “Lenin,” measures up to the high standard ar- ticles of this important contributor. An article on the Needle Trades Con- ference by I. L, Davidson is another valuable contribution. There is a benign of world labor to keep the busy a posted on every phase of labor’s progress. A splendid article on “Labor in China,” a photograph of Lenin you will want for your album and a cover drawing by Ellis—among other fea- tures, make the March issue of the Labor Herald a worthy organ of the militant T. U. EB. L. Looks Like 30 Cents, Creditors of Leo Koretz, engineer of the “Bayano River Trust” oil swindle in which hundreds of ns lost their begin may rec! 80 cents on the dollar, it was indicated How- sigletiatians Tee one of | |to urge our government promptly to {ly open trade relations and send into _, Thru this knowledge—or blackmail, if you prefer—Prashek and his agra- rian followers are receiving far- reaching political and economic con- grr for the brpetorg farmers. My 4 it is even rumored that the parlia- Malone m Frisco vere will pass an agrarian tariff— Miata, protecting native grain producers at (By. The Vedersted Presa) the expense of consumers—owing to SAN FRANCISCO, Cal., Mar. 2.|the pressure which Prashek is able —“One does not have to. be either! to exert upon hig political rivals. a Communist or a capitalist in order] yf Washington has possthed ite fingers in the oil conflagration, the sudden explosion of the alcohol dome in Czecho-Slovakia has caused no smaller upheaval in that country. The credit of the old political parties in the Czech republic is badly seath- ed. Indications are, however, that Hindriska Dubbovitch, of Prague, is learning his lesson more effectively than Henry Dubb, of Pittsburgh, and points west. $15,000,000 Back Pay Case Appealed by R. R. Shop Unions (By The Federated Press) NEW YORK, March 2.—The Fed- erated Press learns that the six lead- ing shoperafts, whose suit for $16,- ‘Recognize Russia,’ Cries Dudley Field recognize the unconquered govern- ment of Russia. We should prompt- Russia 3,000,000 plows and tractors with men to teach their use. Our policy toward Russia has been based on fears which are unworthy of a great people. It is the, devastating emotion of fear which has produced the Ku Klux Klan’s intolerance at home and supported the intolerance of our foreign policies abroad,” said Dudley Field Malone, addressing the Publie Spirit club here. “We must join forces with the great people of Russia, and help toward bringing into the world a new order of co-operation and justice.” Immigrants from America Leaving — |i sites waned in Federal court at Philadelphia earl; for Russian Farms ti month cia ef te ‘an pei whch Thirty-tw bers of the .: ee tha Anos chad tural Loscaenaitea Ray are pres neh term che . math. eort tn their way to Odessa, Russia. They have been granted land by the gov- ernment. Fifteen members of the commune had left previously. An- other part of the commune will leave two months later. Every group is carrying agricultural machinery. The Three delegates from the dairy and | eration, which is contesting the issue poultry commune Herald left this city|for the workers, represents 60,000 for Moscow on invitation of the Rus- | laborers. sian government to select land for a anes daity and chicken fai Rockford ee May 30 Conventio Runs on Platform WT raed te trade of Public Ownership The men’s action is intended to the rail- inson on Feb. 5. Urged by Unionists of Massachusetts By ‘The Federated Press) a Reta i Be Bega ni own ad a OT gd pendt anil re ip of an el ey Machinists Local Union 694 went on record in favor of the of the May 30th Convention, ~—_— /=a i | oe