The Daily Worker Newspaper, February 7, 1924, Page 2

Page Two COOLIDGE MOVED IN RURAL CRISIS TO AID STERLING Senator Threatened by THE DAILY WORKER February 7, 1924 a Sears-Roshiick Foundation’s Job N Daugherty’s Special Assistant Pp Is Bared; It Counts the Chickens "ast ead Feared Attorney-General Would #0-HOUR WEEK OR If all the chickens raised in the United States last year were lined up SAYS MAG DONALD Suppress Duplication of Bonds STRIKE, GARMENT — WORKERS VOTE tail to tail they would reach around the world six times, with 182 full grown LONDON, —— “Resepnition of WASHINGTON, Feb. 6.—Wholesale duplication of liberty Feb. 15 Is Date Set for hens left over, va tsar ein Foundation snases today. on If the eggs laid by this flock last year were gathered into cases ai ced packed for shipping they would make a train of 170,070 cars reaching from || Russia by Britain is absolute,” said bonds of every issue since 1918 in the National Bureau of Print: Premier Ramsay MacDonald in an || ing and Engraving and the implication of many treasury offi- interview today. “There is no || cials are included in startling charges made by Charles B. Chicago to New York City and back again as far as Pittsburg, the statisti- cian stated. string to it. We have given Rus- || Brewer, special assistant to Attorney-General Harry M. Daugh- All ef which means that the chicken industry has reached the stage of a billion dollar industry, the Foundation stated. Per- Bank Failures (Special te The Daily Worker) WASHINGTON, — Senator Ster- ling, sponsor of one of the most vicious of tha anti-alien bills and @n old guard republican like Kel- logg of Minnesota, comes up for re- élection this year. This is held to be the real motive for tke hurried conference called by the president but there is no evidence as yet that the administration measures have so stemmed the rising tide of rural discontent as to have saved Ster- ling, President Coolidge did not move for relief of the critical condition in the western states arising out of the long series of bank failures until an ultimatum had been sent by administration supporters, it was learned ‘today, The flood of messages that over- whelmed senators and congressmen and which caused a near-panic in the White House left no doubt .as to the desperate character of the situation in the agricultural states. In Sioux Falls, S. D., for instance, a businessman’s association sent the following wire: “This is no time for dilly-dallying. South Dakota meeds aid instantly. A delay of even a few hours might result in further disaster and calamity. If complete financial ruin is to be avoided, there must be immediate relief from federal or other outside sources.” Not even the Teapot Dome scan- dal outweighs in importance the situation in the western states ag- gravated by bank failures but di- rectly due to the fact that farmers were forced to sell their wheat and other produce at less than it cost them to raise it; 75 and 80 cents is said to be the average price obtained at the elevator. The farmers are worse than broke and as they are the basis of the economic structure in these states everyone else is broke. They are unable to pay taxes, their notes at the banks or their bills at the! merchants. There have been thou- sands of foreclosures for taxes alone} and formerly populous farming sec- tions are now deserted; the land on which money has been loaned as} improved property is worthless be- cause it is not being tilled. In North Dakota, according to Senator Ladd, in eighteen months | preceding Dec. 1, 1928, two hundrea banks failed. In Montana, accord- ing to Senator Wheeler, of the banks in existence on Jan. 1, 1922, 50 per : at eran longer _in business and “not 10 per cent of these could be open if the bank examiners forced them to comply with the banking laws. All told, there has been a total of something like 500 bank failures in the last few months in Montana, North and South Dakota and Minnesota. It is not the plight of the farm- ers, however, dangerous as it is, that shoved the administration into action. It is the fact that many administration supporters are stock- holders in national banks that have failed in this section and can be held under the banking law for “double liability.” They are sayjng unkind things about the Coolidge administration. With the farmers hostile, the future for Sterling, whom the republicans need badly, is not any too bright. How many of your shop-mates read ‘THE DAILY WORKER. Get one of “Long Live Leninism” (Continued from Page 1) masses are inspired. This is sym- bolic of the fact that the revolution- ary movement can never be | de- stroyed in the future by anything that may happen. Ruthenberg Speaks Cc. E, Ruthenberg, secretary of the Workers Party, was given a great ovation as he arose: . “Since the first written record, men have sacrificed that people might be free,” he began. “If you go back to Greece, you find slaves revolting so they could play a part In a free society. If you read history thru the thousand years of feudalism, you will find an exploited class struggling to be free. At all times there have been dreams in men’s hearts that op- pressed and oppressor would be no more. “When future historians write the record of these years, they will write Nicolai Lenin down as le&der of that movement that led the workers into the struggle to abolish capitalism from the face of the earth. “Lenin fought for the workers everywhere; other statesmen fought for the right of individuals. Lenin gave the workers’ world his life. He gave his life organizing the working class into a party that could fight for soviet republics in every country up- on principles followed by the Com- munist Party. Sees Soviet America Coming “The German Workers Republic will be followed by the Workers Party of America, establishing a soviet United States. “Tt was Lenin, who in the early days of the Russian revolution rec- ognized that the bourgeois state must be replaced by soviets.” Concluding Ruthenberg said, that workers’ America will. struggle. with the Philippines. against. American im- perialists, and will fight. everywhere to abolish American capitalism and build a communist society. Beethoven’s music filled the in- terim until Ludwig Lore, editor. of the Volkeszeitung, German commun- ist daily of New York, arose, saying: Lore, On Lenin the Statesman “Today we pay homage to Ni¢olai age. Lloyd George, Bethmann Holl- weg, Clemenceau and Asquith were merely politicians. They live just for today and make decisions for the momentary interests their class re- on Ms : . Ae 44 “Nicolai Lenin was not only the greatest of statesmen, but the great roletarian statesman. Everything i did was determined by the inter- ests of the working class of the world over. we can point to the great- est concrete achievement of Lenin, it is that he turned the concept for working class solidarity into a living, pulsing reality. “Jn Lenin’s memory _the--world’s workers will r good fortune and bad, in war, in peace, in joy, in sorrow. In. his memory the last vestige of national hatreds will disappear. In his mem- ory, the working class of the world will pledge its support to Soviet Rus- sia as the first great exponent of the oppressed rising to power and deter- mining their own destinies.” Numerous Telegrams Read. Here followed reading of numer- ous telegrams from locals of the In- ternational Ladies’ Garment Work- them to subscribe today. ers’ Union and other labor organiza- i Degrading Housing Conditions Endanger Health of Children and Working-Class Grown-Ups (Continued from page 1.) responsible for the tragic state of affairs to twist the sufferings of the masses into capitalist political campaign material. Children Undernourished. United States Senator Copeland presented the State Housing Commis- sion of New York with some dismal _ statistics on the havoc wrought with the development of the children of the working class by the high rents and unspeakable housing conditions. According to Dr. Copeland there are at least 200,000 undernourished children in the public schools of New York City. In Public School No. 73 on Lafayette Street, which is an “average” school attended by workers’ children, at least 70% of the children are undernourished. That the plight of the children of the wage earners is becoming ever more grave was made plain to the Commission by Dr. J. L. Blumenthal of the Department of Health, This investigator showed that the mal- nutrition of the children has been in- creasing continually since 1916 and read: hed menacing dimen- | cot “Dr fy Re ted Overcrowding Disastrous to Children sions. the fact that when 1 pelled to pay rents beyond their in- come and are thus driven to cut down on their food budget or live in uninhabitable rooms there are bound to arise malnutrition and all the dangerous after-effects of crowded sleeping. ona Caruso, a social worker of the Brooklyn Bureau of Charities, “told the Commission ,that: “The children in most cases are under- nourished, The families are not able eople are com- Loeb, President of the Board of a laid special stress on this phase of of the working class to buy the proper food.” Sophie Irene} Child Welfare of New York City,| and again to m investigators: “I believe that in most of our families there is malnutrition because they have to pay the terrific rent. The rent has got to be paid \ because they know that if they do }not pay the rent they will be evicted. The children do not get enough pro- | per food, They do not get enough | nourishment because of these high rents.” The writer visited one of the New York Public Schools in the Chelsea district to find out what effect the | malnutrition had on the pupils. The | Principal of Public School Number — |in telling me of the harmful effects of undernourishment on the children said: “The high rents have a detri- | mental influence on the children in many ways. When the child is not | withdrawn from school because of | economic pressure aggravated by the excessive rent bills his scholarship is very often handicapped by malnutri- tion. An underfed child cannot be expected to have proper: interest in and pay sufficient attention to studies. here 4 no denial to the fact that a kly child can’t make a good pupil ite the fact that the natural lities may be of a high order.” The extreme co ition prevailing |in the working 8 districts is | especiall disastrous to the welfare j of the children. Miss Edith B, Coff, | social worker at the Madison House, | testified before the Housing Commis- sion about the effects of overcrowd- ing on child life. “We firfd that the children do not sleep. There is no privacy, the gas is burning until twelve and one o'clock, Everyone is | talking; everyone is icryp ‘The street is noisy, and the child does not | fall asleep until twelve, half-past twelve and one, I have gone ‘ht time families and helped ut a child to sleep and then I knew iow little really I can expect of the declared before the State! mother who hag three or four other stand together thru. tions and workmen’s circles, express- ing their sorrow at Lenin’s loss and their determination to carry on his work, Then the chairmen called for a cessation of the cheering and began to read the call to world solidarity that had been radiogrammed by the workers of Russia. The air was charged with the electricity of re- pressed emotion as the audience lis- tened breathlessly, then the huge )Shouting as 15,000 voices acclaimed |the slogan, “The Proletariat Never Never Can Lose. Proletariat of All Lands Unite.” Chopin’s funeral march again set the solemn note and then the chair- man sent the battalion of collectors thru the crowd. The sum of $1,500 was raised. “Long Live the International!” With unanimous vote the assem- blagé then decided to send the fol- lowing respones to the Soviet Repub- lic, promising anew their fealty to the communist international: “In monster mass memorial meeting 20,000 New York work- ers expressed their sorrow at the death of the greatest proletarian revolutionist, Nicolai Lenin, They pledge their support to the Soviet Republic in its valiant struggle against world imperialist capital- ism and they resolve to do their full duty in bringing about the world revolution which will eman- cipate the international working class. “Long live the communist inter- national! “Long live Soviet Russia.” “Long Live Leninism!” _ Lenin's portrait, with the inscrip- tion, “Lenin is Dead, Long Live Leninism,” which stood on the plat-- form expressed the sentiments of the audience by this time. The genuine grief they felt at the loss of their leader was submerged in the ecstacy of determination to carry on his work and they joined in erying out the slogan, ‘foissaye Olgin,.the next sp2aker, talked in Jewish, and exhorted the thousands present to engrave this motto on their hearts. |Lenin, the greatest statesman of the |Join Lenin's Party,” Says Foster. William Z, Foster followed with an appeal for membership in the Workers Party that crystallized the feeling of the sympathizers present. | He first paid a tribute fo Lenin’s great revolutionary brain,! “Lenin was not only a great thinker: he was also a great strate- gist. I have no hesitation in saying that Lenin’s action at Brest-Litovsk saved the Russian revolution. Lenin was brave enough to go to the work- ers and appeal that they allow a cer- tain percentage of capitalism to re- turn to Russia. It required a cour- ageous man to do that. Lenin by that piece of strategy saver xussia, “The Workers Party is the party of Lenin. If you believe in what Lenin taught, in what he did, you can express it, if it amounts to any- thing, only by joining the Workers Party. The Workers Party fol- lows out the principles of Lenin’s strategy. It is the only party in | America, both in the political and industrial fields, with a correct | Policy for the workers,” Gompers Is Booed. The enthusiasm that greeted the name of Lenin suddenly turned to children, to put that child to sleep at) twenty set forth by the Judge. They) destroyed family life, When a homejthere will be found in the eight o’clock. They sleep there to- gether, four in the back bedroom, with one window, and they are nattr- ally restless, When they get up in the morning they are not able to eat their breakfast ause they did not sleep. They did not have any air. They get up tired and nervous and disturbed.” Miss Coff went on to tell the Com- mission that in the investigation made of the physical conditions of 400 children in the neighbcrhood of the Madison House, 102 children, aged 5 to 12, were under weight from 5 to 17 pounds. Miss Coff said that for an East side child to be under weight five or six pounds is quite normal, Dr, Bosky of the Beth Israel Hos- pital on the East side declared the housing conditio: id neglect is the main cause for this tragic condition in which ‘the child- ren of the workers find themselves. Dr. Haven Emerson, professor of public health at Columbia University, sia our formal recognition. sonally I object fo the use of lan- guage which cannot be understood by the men in the street, but I un- derstand that the soviet attaches erty, in a suit filed in District Harding. boos as Foster introduced the name of Gompers, with the remark: “Russia has its Lenin; America its Gompers. “Gompers has not changed his mind in forty years,” went on Fos- ter. “Under Gompers’ political zero policy not enough political influence has been developed to elect a dog catcher. “If you have come here in the spirit of emulation of Lenin’s work you will join the Workers Party. I hope that this, the greatest meeting ever held in New York, will triple the membership of the Workers Party. Join the party of, Lenin and help forward the revolutionary movement.” Forward Boycotts Lenin News. The gigantic Garden demonstra- tion evoked news stories and com- ment in all New York’s papers, ex- cept the Jewish Daily Forward, which completely ignored ‘the affair. The New York Times declared that Foster urged 15,000 people to join the party of Lenin and further the work of revolution in the United States. And the New York World reported that Madison Square Gar- den glowed red. Packed to limit it echoed shouts of thousands who arose to their feet to cheer Chair- man Benjamin Gitlow and the slo- gan, “Lenin is Dead: Long Live Leninism!”” Aid to Starving Germans Brought by Shop Chairman The campaign of the Jewish Daily Fonward against. the Friends of Soviet Russia and Workers Germany, does not seem to be producing any results. That was indicated at the office of the F. S. R., when Freda Reicher, shop chairman in the Low- enthal dress shop, brought in a con- tribution of $15. She had read the Forward but she was anxious to help the starving workers in Germany that she took up a collection in her shop Sead ge os R. and oie F to inquire, if the c! J ward were true. Wet Be was told the facts she said that she intended to do all she could to help them in their, work of assisting the German workers, The F. S. R. is continually receiv- ing letters and contributions from evorkers who have collected money from their friends. Many of them are not affiliated with any organiza- tion working for German relief. They received yesterday a contribution of $5 from Mr. A. Hanna of Cleveland, Ohio, who also sent a contribution of $5 from Mr. Albina Smreker also of Cleveland. Jay Lovestone will address two meetings in Detroit on Sunday, Feb. House of the Masses on the sub- ject: “Who Owns Congress”; at 8 p.m, he will speak at the East Ferry Street Hall at a mass theet- ing under the auspices of the South Slavish, Polish and English Branches. are typical. . “Git. 18 years old alleged to have improper relations with a male boarder in the home. The family conduct a small candy store and live in three rooms in the rear of it. The family consist of parents, and six children, all living in the overcrowded quarters indicated and in addition for a time they had a male boarder. The adult went scot free because of lack of proof. The parents insist that they cannot afford to obtain another home and it was necessary to com- mit the girl to an institution,” . “Boy 14 years old bi it to court his mother for staying out ‘at night and for being a truant. The mother blames it on unwhole- some neighborhood companions. The father earns about $25.00 per week. Higa Patt bad about the boy, his 80) le seems to be a dis- position to ‘play hookey’ from school, and he was placed on proba- tion, The family consists par- ents and 12 children, all living in three small rooms in the rear of a stated to the Commission that if Ree a,b tad the “amelie, ean "se tn favorable conditions of occupancy as “) ou si be 4 Me the cities of the Pacfte coast have,| 700m, both parents are decent ai there would have been no increase infant mortality, Juvenile Delinquency Aggravated. The miserable neighborhood en- vironment to which many of workers’ children are subject has had a most harmful influence on tl bringing up of the boys and girls in the working class districts. Judge Edward F. Boyle of the Children's Court submitted startling evidence to State Industrial Commis- sioner Bernard L. Shientag on the manner in which the welfare of the children of the workers in the con- gested sections of the city is being imperiled because the housing crisis, We cite two cases of in the he the 1 respectable but they cannot p: change home conditions because th cannot afford any higher rent.” Family Life at Low Ebb. Because of the housing shortage and the high rents, the extent to which fam: are forced to take in lodgers to make ends meet has in- les remier, en. ceed peal ley, an ex; social worker of the Hudson Guild, de- scribed the evils of “boarders” for ibly tl Dank marine, peeootinnay waar ) a propos: thelr. buildin into rooming houses. But these. ten For- | shi 10. At 3p. m. he will speak at the| hi section (Cheleaa) y rooming houses ‘hallways for the and roomers, To the suppressed and he would be discredited. Brewer, in his suit, asked for an injunction restraining Secretary of the Treasury Mel- lon, Attorney-General Daugh- erty, Under-Secretary of the Treasury Winston, and acting Attorney-General Seymour from destroying nearly $1,- 000,000 in duplicate bonds which, he says, he collected in his hunt for evidence. Representative King, Illinois, to- day announced he will become a party to the suit. Evidence has .been turned over to King* which he Says supports Brewers’ charges that: “Conditions at the bureau of en- graving in March, 1922, are well nigh appalling. All Knowledge Suppressed. “Knowledge of duplicate bonds Was suppressed by treasury officials e@nd the secret service. “Half of the surrendered bonds were destroyed when known to be duplicates. “Between June 27, 1921, and May 22, 1922, forty-five million bonds, face value of over $10,000,000,000, were destroyed, hundreds of which were recorded as duplicates, “Bonds issued in packages from the treasury have been found _to be spurious, “The president was defied and this investigation has been thwarted and nearly blocked by the treasury department.” ® Workers Will Run Paper that Boss Drove on Rocks MEXICO CITY.—A_ new experi- ment in newspaper pub-ishing is be- ing tried here with El Mundo, the only afternoon daily with the excep- tion of an illustrated paper. It is to be run as a cooperative by the work- ers who have so far been employed by it. The paper began as an anti-labor est, paying reduced wages. It gradually drifted t#ward the rocks. As it was going under, the workers unionized from the editor to the er- rand boy, took it over as a coopera- tive enterprise. Its present circula- tion is only 10,000. The workers are highly enthusiastic about the oppor- tunity. : Dakota Banker Suicide. RAPID CITY, S. D. — Harry Wentz, former president of the South Dakota Bankers’ Association, committed suicide at his home late yesterday. Wentz had been suffering from a nervous breakdown for the past year. Six South Dakota banks of which fe was president were reported in good condition by examiners today. Wentz carried $100,000 life insur- ance, police were informed. An increased DAILY WORKER circulation means a stronger labor movement, S of Columbia Supreme Court: Brewer sued after he had charged the Department of Justice with attempting to seize evidence he had collected at personal request of President Coolidge and the late President Feared Suppression. He declared he had refused to surrender the documents to the Department of Justice because he feared they would be Argentine Jews in Sharp Line-up on Class Issues (By The Federated Press) BUENOS AIRES.—Class divisions ia the big Jewish population of Ar- gentina have become so acute that the organizations of Jewish workers are calling for a boycott a all s0- called philanthropic organizations of Argentinian Jewish pusiness men. The latter, according to the proletar- ian Jews, have been used to sabotage Russian relief, to smash Hebrew trades unions and to fight the battles of the employers generally under the guise of philanthrophy, In a manifesto issued by the work- ers the Zionist central committee and the ch daly Poale Zion have been par- ticularly singled out for boycott. The workers charge that the Zionist cen- tral committee collected funds for re- lief of the flood of Jewish immigrants to Argentina, and then used the funds to recruit such immigrants as strike- breakers in struck factories; that the committee secured funds from the Jewish Cabinet Makers’ union under promise that all immigrant cabinet makers would be put in touch with the union for jobs and then sent such cabinet makers to the bosses’ open shop employment agency. The manifesto continues with an attack on the Jewish bourgeois ‘press, and morg particularly the daily, Die Yidische Zeitung, charged with pub- lishing false reports on the Jewish workers movement and appealing to the police to raid union and party alls. Yucatan Fascist Rulers Bar All Radical Parties MEXICO CITY.—The aims of the counter-revolution in Yucatan are well illustrated by a decree passed by the rebel government there on Dec, 24. The decree renders illegal and prohibits all meetings of So- cialist or Communist’ organizations thrudut the state, Five hundred thousand hectares of land distributed to the peasants of Yucatan, peonage abolished, the hennequin commission (an enterprise in state capitalism with socialistic coloring), a law limiting rentals to 6 per cent of the proved value of the real estate, the vote of the for- merly disfranchised Indian made effective, a divorce law with divorce at the desire of either party with- out the slandering and defaming of the other—such is the answer of the Mexican daily, “El Diario,” to the question: “Why did they kill Felipe Carrillo?” Minnesota National Bank Closes. MINNEAPOLIS, Minn., Feb. 6.— The First National Bank of War-|i: road, Minn., closed today, it was an- nounced here at the national bank examiners’ office. Work Daily for “The Daily!” Walk-Out The International Ladies Garment Workers’ Union will demand a five- day 40-hour week and continuance of the present 44-hour wage scale, an unemployment insurance plan ‘and a union controlled employment bureau when the present agreement ‘with the dress manufacturers of Chi- cago expires Feb. 15th, These demands were yoted on at a meeting of the International. held at Schoenhofen Hall, Milwaukee and Ashland avenues, Monday night. More than a thousand members of the union attended the meeting and the demands which are to be present- ed to the bosses by the joint board of the union were adopted. The joint board of the union was authorized to call a strike if they are unable to get the manufacturers to agree to the demands. About 5,000 workers and 200 manufacturers will be af- fected by the new agreement. International union officials said yesterday that they expected the manufacturers to sign the new agreement without the necessity of calling a strike. The unemployment insurance scheme which the union wants, will differ from the scheme now in force in the mens’ clothing industry in that only the bosses will pay into the fund. The bosses will be expected to assure the union and the workers that they will furnish a given amount of work a year. They will pay a given amount in to the unem- ‘ployment fund each week and if they fail to give the workers in their shop the amount of work they agreed to they will be forced to pay them from this fund. If they do give the workers the amount of work they agreed to give, the money they pay into the insurance fund will be re- turned to them. Negotiations were begun between - union officials and the Chicago Dress Manufacturers yesterday looking to a settlement on the basis of the new demands, With a 40-hour week on the pay basis of 44 hours work the hourly wage rate will be increased about 15 per cent, Rank and File for Expelled. The rank and file of the unionists at the meeting expressed their de- sire that the members of the union who have been expelled for their militant attitude, against the union officials, be reinstated before any strike was called. The people who had been expelled were permitted to atend the meet- ing. This was the first time that ex- membe: to at- meml rs ara pervaltied at. — tend any union mass Low Prices, High Profits, Record “ of People’s Mine BRISBANE, Queensland—Despite the fact.that it sold its output at $5 per ton below the price charged by the private coal barons, the Quéens- land state owned coal mine at Bowen made a profit of $26,850 for the last fiscal year. At another state owned coal mine at Styx river, the output swas sold at $8 a ton cheaper than the price previously charged by private coal operators, The Queensland labor government developing other coal mines in the state, and aims at supplying the state’s entire needs from the state owned mines at Tess than half the price previously charged by private enterprise. is converted into a lodging interferes not only with the home so changed but also with other peoples’ homes. The neighboring mothers don’t want their daughters accosted and approached by strange men.” Miss Davidson of the same institu- tion told me another disruptive in- fluence on the workingmen’s family life arising directly out of the hous- ing difficulties: “Often houses are be- ing turned into rendezvous for hootch in order to meet the rent ex- “ag ig oc West Lng oat is a house where sen! rental is $80; in 1919 it Wee eh, Now there are roomers in this home. The neighbors say that hootch is being made there. The children are being accosted. Strange people come around to ask all sorts Pe questions. The parents are alarmed.” The seriousness of the conditions is well summe Judge Boyle in his letter reat Brg We quote in part: lowadays the prospect of re-establishing a home in New York for people of smal! mean: especially where there are children, is so remote as to be almost negligible, Rents are either too high or the sort of place that may be obtained is \~ erally 80 deplorably bad that | is practically no choice remaining. “Families are ‘doubled up’ in small apartments to such an extent which was never before experienced in this city. Some of the results of this vk are too shocking to des- cribe, “Girls more and more and in pro- meets up to’ the portion as the home spave is pre- me in these words: “Many homes \empted, because of the existing con- have been further destroyed in this are substituting ion in papel old fashioned parlor or living room in which to find piace for the entertainment of their com- panions—male and female. tendencies have further| “In greater numbers than ever,|formation ’ small place it}apartments of the poor, the male lodger or lodgers (always a menace), As a rule the best room in the home is his, while the family itself is re- legated to the meagre quarters er- maining; too often only a kitchen, but usually a bedroom or two, in- Hermie ee oats yr in decency here some of the results of this kind of living, if it may be described as such.” Standards of Living Lowered. Low as the standard of living of the average workingman may be, the intolerable housing conditions tend to make it still lower. Evidence of such a lowering of the workers’ standards was submitted to the Commission by Miss Sophie Irene Loeb in her testimony showing that the elementary practice of taking a bath is often entirely dropped “not only because there are no bathrooms, but because of the utter lack privacy. The kitchen is the only ‘room warm enough for the purpose, and the only room with runing water, and it is difficult to find time when it is not occupied the family.” What this n of the work- ers means in their every-day life is vividly illustrated by the following One cannot |. case pictured to me by Miss Bromley |!! a new it. When we showed sleep here.’ Eddie asked: ‘Who with?’” Grave Menace to Health, au- There is a Subarntnndaces of thoritative sta and medical showing that amongst ae a ga ated the base bed to $ 4 i tle edd y enhedlataly {for food and clothing, and in- i families living under bad housin; conditions the general mortality an sickness are very high and costly. “The Italians in our neighborhood are doubling up in cellars and are living under conditions which are absolutely a menace to health and safety,” said Miss Manning of the ouig Committee of the Women’s City Club to the Commission, Overcrowding brings on exhaus- tion. Insufficient rest for the bread- winners unavoidably brings on sick- ness, colds, and infectious diseases, according to Mr. Burrit, a prominent social inv tor. Dr. Emerson, formerly New York Health Commissioner, bond found that ‘tory tract, notabl: umonia, bronchi influenza ped duptedieai.? 2 Dr. Watson F. Walker, former Deputy Health Com: loner of Detroit, supports this conclusion of Dr, Emerson, and says further that the lack of light, the human organism is subjegted to in [yal housing and environment has a harmful effect on the development of the human body. This is plainly shown in the recent investigations the problem of of the Hudson Guild: ‘The mother |Tickets. is working in a paper box factory.| The significance of these dangers She has four daughters and three he tioners oe use cane very eiteauvely prea a viele ds ane weted ae York Tul pt ag care an an es washing to along. We called her|in his letter to the State ease Swedish tingale.”” Recently we | Commission, he says: ; had the mother move her family to|to the burden of overcrowding is added that of high rents, the de- leterious effects are intensified, Fics rents decrease the moneys —e le con- e pee level of the pop. 1 deal ex: the Toe =a %