The Daily Worker Newspaper, February 4, 1924, Page 2

/ Page Two ences THE DAILY WORKER TEAPOT TIPS ON ELEPHANT AND DONKEY Doheny Dumps Dems. in Domes Black Mess (Continued from page 1) former senate colleague. Fall was sworn. Senator Walsh asked him if he} wished to make any further state-| ment. | “I decline to answer any?’ ques-| tions,” Fall answered in a steady| voice, Pall Gets Tough. Fall then challenged the authority of the committee to quiz him, He said the resolution passed by the senate providing for the present! investigation was not in force now, | since other resolutions of condemna- tion of oil leases had since been passed, ' “I also decline to answer on the ground it may incriminate me,” Fall) said. Chairman Lenroot of the com- mittee ordered the chamber closed| after Fall had concluded and the committee went into executive ses- sion to decide what should be done. One point Fall raised was that the present investigating committee was appointed during the last con- gress and that it had no power in the present congress, To meet this objection the com- mittee will ask adoption in the sen- ate Monday of a resolution giving it power under the present con- s. This action was unanimously fecided upon motion of Senator Walsh, Montana democrat. Fall’s counsel maintains the fed- eral grand jury would have to in- dict Fall for contempt before he would be required to answer. “T have looked up the matter and I find that the committee must re- port, if it wishes, to the president of the senate that a witness has refused to answer questions,” Cook said. “The president of the senate then hands the matter to the fed- eral district attorney who presents the facts to the grand jury. The grand jury may then indict the wit- ness for refusing to answer.” In executive session, the commit- tee discussed holding Fall in con- tempt. The senate could try him, on recommendation of the commit- tee in contempt proceedings and Fall would be sent to jail if found guilty and if he still declined to answer. Fall appeared on the verge of collapse at first, but after reading naw-wee citrent, “he ~walked— firmly-—- without use of his cane—into an ante chamber to await action of the committee. Grief for Lenin’s Death Shown by Bonnaz Workers (Special to The Daily Worker) NEW YORK.—Expressing their grief for the death of Nicolai Lenin, the following resolution was adopted by the Bonnaz, Singer and Hand Embroiders’ Union, local 66, Inter- national Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union: The Bonnaz Embroiders’ Union, Local No. 66, I. L. G. W. U., ex- presses profound regret over the death of Comrade Nicolai Lenin. The International Labor Move- ment and the Workers of Soviet Russia have lost a great leader and devoted and untiring fighter for the workers’ cause. We, to- gether with the workers of all countries, mourn the irreparable loss and send message of condo- lence to the workers government of Russia in this hour of great sor- Tow. Executive Board, Bonnaz Embroiderers’ Union, Lo- eal No. 66, Z. L. Freed- man, president. Signs of Spring. WILKESBARRE, Pa.—The ground hog saw his shadow here today but ft don’t mean anything, according to Uncle Joe Chambers, who drove into town today to invite his friends to a “groundhog dinner.” “Y’ve seen two caterpillars in the yard; a robin has been singing near my window for a week; bulbs are ating and the animals are stir- , all signs of an early spring,” Unele Joe said. Uncle Joe killed a venturesome groundhog which came out a day early, and intends to have a feast. That’s what he thinks of supersti- tion. 4 Correction on “Expelled” Story The signature “The Expelled” did not belong in the cloak makers’ statement, which was incorporated by the expelled Ladies’ Garment Union members in their protest against the Perlstein machine published in Satur- day’s Daily Worker. The cloak ‘ers’ statement was from a group within the union which is urging the reinstatement of the expelled mem- bers. The erroneous signature was an editorial error. pending More Money. WASHINGTON.—President Cool- i today sent to congress a re- me poe immediate appropria- fon of $13,853,989 for moderniza- tion and expansion of the coast to enable it more adequately cope with rum running. Ford Overlooked This. NEW YORK.—Henry Ford meant to enter his plan in the Bok contest promotion of international peace pes Fy he. erericeked it, The Kept Covernesent: of the United States (Continued from Page 1) to give the naval oil fields into the hands of private capitalists, but he tolerated this dirty business. Denby, Secretary of the Navy of Harding’s and Coolidge’s cabinet, signed the order which transferred the valuable oil reserves from the Navy Department to the Interior Department in spite of the opposition of all navy officers. Fall, Secretary of the Interior of the Harding administration, signed the leases which gave the naval oil fields to the oil magnates Sinclair and Doheny. The investigation up to now has not shown whether Secre- tary of the Navy Denby and Assistant Secretary of the Navy | Roosevelt have or have not received money from the oil mag- nates, but it is clear that the brother of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Archie Roosevelt, was a paid employe of the oil | magnate Sinclair. And the investigation has shown clearly that Senator Fall, former Secretary of the Interior, received fromt Doheny $100,000 and other big sums from Sinclair. was forced to say in his testimony that he gave the money to Fall not only out of old friendship but out of gratitude for valuable services with the government rendered him by Fall. Daugherty, Attorney-General in Harding’s and Coolidge’s cabinet, knew everything about the shameful corruption, the he did not prosecute the guilty oil magnates and cabinet min- isters. Who is not guilty in the Coolidge administration, and who dares to say that Coolidge himself is not guilty? Who is so naive as to believe that it was only by chance that the cunning, calculating Coolidge selected Silas H. Strawn and T. W. Greg- ory as his counsel to prosecute impartially those guilty in the oil corruption? And who believes that Coolidge did not know that Gregory, former Attorney-General of the United States, has been in the employ of the source of corruption itself, the Doheny corporation, and that Silas Strawn is counsel for the Texas Oil Company? 5 Who of the whole Coolidge administration is innocent? Who of the Harding administration is innocent? And who of the Wilson administration was not corrupt? Can it be simply chance that Doheny the oil magnate in his testimony was forced to admit that almost all the members of the Wilson cabinet were also employes of his oil corporation? Secretary of the Interior Lane of the Wilson cabinet was Doheny’s personal assistant in the dirt and oil business. Doheny hired him for $50,000 a year and Doheny stated: “I made the agreement with him before he left office as Secretary of the Interior.” | J. J. Cotter, assistant to Secretary Lane, also became a hire- ling of Doheny. He is now vice-president of Doheny’s corpora- tion. Lindley M. Garrison, Wilson’s Secretary of War, is the employe of a big banking firm which is the property of Doheny. George Creel, head of President Wilson’s Bureau of Propa- ganda, got money from Doheny to “propagandize” Secretary of the Navy Daniels to grant to Doheny the Teapot Dome lease. But Daniels could not be bought because—as Doheny stated— Daniels was an advocate of the interests of the competing Standard Oil Campany. And the most outstanding figure, McAdoo, former Secre- tary of the Treascry, som-in-law of the late Ex-President Wilson, the present “progressive” presidential candidate of the Demo- cratic Party? Doheny testified that he retained him for five years and paid him $250,000; and the oil magnate stated that he paid McAdoo this immense sum in order that he represent his oil interests in the Washington cabinet, especially to win the support of the government for his capitalist interests against | Mexico. And we should not forget that this happened shortly after McAdoo left the office of Secretary of the Treasury, but |reteined his other office of being son-in-law of Woodrow Wilson. And we should not forget that all this happened dur- ling the time that President Wilson had unlimited dictatorial | power over the nation and was the uncrowned monarch of the | United States. The whole cabinet of Wilson later simply became the cabinet of Doheny. But that is only the appearance. The reality is that Wilson’s cabinet even earlier, before it became Wilson’s cabinet—was Doheny’s cabinet. Who dares to deny that the cabinet of Harding and Coolidge is anything but the cabinet of Doheny, Sinclair, Rockefeller, Gary and J. P. Morgan? All of these cabinets carry on the affairs of the gov- ernment in behalf of the big capitalists, make peace or declare months ago cable dispatches reported that Sinclair received a proposal to become king of Albania. But he would have been a fool to accept this proposal when he can be the real king of i i j-| word and surrendered on the basis of | such a mighty country as the United States. Doheny has a are the ba pointe | vate car and he named it “Patriot.” That is an appropria symbol. Doheny and the other big robbers ride in the private car “Patriotism” rough-shod over the whole nation, and they defraud and rule 110,000,000 people in the name of nationalism and jingoism. Not only individuals are guilty, but the whole system is guilty. The government of the United States is a kept govern- ment. It is the mistress of big capital. Doheny! dissipation of national wealth and the weakening of the navy, | but he was so occupied with the prosecution of Communists that) WILSON, MORGAN WAR MAKER, IS TAKEN BY DEATH Struck Down in Kansas with Workers in Prison WASHINGTON. — Woodrow Wil- son, wartime president, is dead. Death ended four years’ of chronic invalidism that began four years’ ago while on his League of Nations’ tour thru the west. He took to his bed as the presidential train was passing thru the Kansas city of Wichita where more than 30 oil workers were ;rounding out their second year of jimprisonment, without trial, on es- pionage indictments prepared by his attorney general, ;Soon abandoned. Hl The Wilson Legend Exploded. Wilson’s death came five years too late for him to pass into history with ! the aura of legend that has attached to other strickem rulers and ex-rulers. His physical death comes just five years after the death of the Wilson legend at the time of the Versailles conference when he abandoned the fourteen points that spread his name thru European peoples as the apostle of liberalism, The Anti-Morgan Candidate. tical history is written the anti-Mor- under whom Morgan’s son doubled 1,187 Coal Miners’ Delegates Plan Recall of Lewis (Continued from Page 1) gates were registered with the com- mittee and a collection taken up to defray the expense of issuing a bul- letin on the convention proceedings. Meeting Is Orderly The meeting was probably the most orderly of all the Indianapolis ses- sions. Tom Myerscough, secretary of the | Progressive Miners’ International |Committee, whose case was reported |just before Howat’s, was also re- ‘fused a chance to make a defense, [When he rose to speak he was grabbed by two sergeants-at-arms and forced back into his seat. There was plenty of protest but it was evident that his supporters were waiting to make the Howat case the start of the \real fight that came later. | _No more arbitrary action than that of Lewis on both the Myerscough and |tion from defeat. It’is a foregone | conclusion that had the vote on the committee report been counted, or a th roll call taken that Howat would have been reinstated and the administra- tion repudiated. It was a knowledge of this that prompted Lewis to deny a hearing to Howat and the other Kansas officials who have been out of the organiza- ition for 28 months without a trial. ; The Farrington-Lewis alliance did DA STARTS BIG DRIVE FOR CHICAGO SUBS Boosters ror Meeting on February 7 While militants all over the coun- try are putting in strenuous efforts to build up the already rapidly growing circulation of The DAILY WORKER, a special campaign is being started which is calculated to add at least 1,000 new DAILY WORKER readers to the thousands| now reading The DAILY WORKER in Chicago. Under the direction of City DAILY WORKER Agent G. A. Schulenberg and District Organ- izer Arne Swaheck assisted bv all The final chapter of the late presi- | Howat cases has ever been seen at alof the DAILY WORKER branch ‘dent’s illness began with an attack convention of the United Mine Work-| agents, this of indigestion, which rapidly took a ers and Lewis had to rule both cases | the *isevere and fatal turn. Hope was out of order. to save his administra-| DAILY WORKER boosters in Chi- s is campaign is catching imagination of hundreds of cago. After a pretiminary conference of campaign managers, details of the drive have been announced. Comrades in Chicago are enthusias- tie over the prospects and the pre- diction has been made by many that a great deal more than 1,000 new subscriptions will be secured. Campaign Meeting Feb. 7. While the campaign proper will not swing District No. 12, (Illinois) | mot be started until Feb. 10, first ito the Lewis machine and this, the| steps will be taken on Feb. 7 at a ‘largest district in the United Mine] special True to the irony with which poli-; Workers left the convention solidly | called on that date at the headquar- The de-| ters of the Russian Technical School gan candidate was the war president feat of the Farrington’s district ad-| at 1902 W. Division St. ‘against the administration. ministration is freely predicted. Sub- meeting which has , been Every DAILY WORKER branch agent, and trebled his fortune in the great- ‘district No. 4, of District No.+12,| together with their assistants, will est orgy of profiteering the country announced thru its delegates that be in attendance, The meeting which has ever known. Wilson’s election came in the three-cornered fight between the G. O. P., the Bull Moose and his party, in which the winning democrats had a plurality but no majority. neither presidential election did Wil- son ever have a majority of the total national vote, The doctrine of the “New Free- dom,”’ with its vague radical phrase- ology led well meaning liberals to be- lieve he would try to restore a condi- tion of Jeffersonian democracy, Wilson’s Imperialism. Followed a foreign imperialistic policy in which the oil interests were assisted in their grab of Mexican oil; Americar sugar lords were strength- ened in their domination of Cuba; Haiti and Santo Domingo were con- quered and 3,000 Haitians slain, by out sanction of Congress and capi- talistic revolutions were engineered in Central American republics. Diplomatic assistance was given to the Allies in their blockade of Ger- many while newspaper tem toms gan arousing the war psychology for later use. “He Kept Us Out of War.” Liberals still clung to the presi- dent, however, as he went into the 1916 campaign against Charles Evans Hughes, with the Dembcratie slogan, “He Kept Us Out of War.” Quickly came breaking of diplo- matic negotiations and a full-speed- aheatl course towards war. war, conscription of men but no con-! scription of profits, and the tramp- ling under foot of all civil rights by wholesale raids and indictments and trials under anti-free speech laws. “Force Without Stint or Limit,” become the announced motto of the late pacifiist. The Fourteen Points. Liberals still had faith in him, how- ever, for he announced that the war ‘was being carried on for the libera- tion of the people of Germany and promulgated the 14 points pledging | the German people that if they over- war in the interest of the magnates of finance capital. A few|threw their autocratic government and surrendered that they would be dealt with in kindly fashion and as- sisted back into the family of nations, The Germans took Wilson at his The Failure at Versailles. At once came the allied blockade which murdered tens of thousands of German children, Then came the Versailles peace conference which riveted the chains of the allies about the neck of the Germans in direct contravention of the 14 points, Wilson returned home but the The Senate is investigating today the oil corruption—but|temper of the people had changed. the Republican and Democratic Parties which form Congress|W%" he reached attle where or- him be- are born of the same money which they pretend to investigate | panned ny eer ‘old request today. Coolidge is investigating the oil corruption—but who does not know that Coolidge and Harding and Wilson and every president was elected by the same money which Coolidge finds is stinking today? The capitalist press in the whole country is howling today against the corruption—but the truth is that the kept press is worthy of the kept government, that it is financed by the same government as are all the great statesmen, leaders, presidents and secretaries of the nation. : The masses of workers and farmers must know that every administration of the United States was and is the government of the capitalists. Not only because the individual members of the various cabinets were bought up by individual capitalists, but because the whole government system is nothing but the political rule of the capitalist system. Our task is to utilize the dramatic effect of the gigantic scandal for a giant campaign, so that every worker and exploited farmer shall understand this simple and great truth. And pour slogan in this campaign for which we must mobilize all the forces of our Party and the whole working class must be: “The Republican and Democratic Parties are corrupt, and poe A ruin the nation because they are the parties of the capi- “Only an independent party of workers and exploited|}® farmers can protect the interests of the laboring masses, can purify the nation of its capitalist corruption, and can prevent wars, conducted for the interests of capital, , “Down with the kept government of the capitalist parties! Long live the workers’ and farmers’ government!” bt from the t: unions that he free the Foun prisoners still languish- ‘ing in U. S. penitentiaries. By the time he reached Kansas he collapsed. ore In the Chicago Federation. While several delegates were on their feet to oppose a motion in- structing the president of the Chi- yy Federation of Labor to send a letter to Mrs. Woodrow Wilson, expressing the sorrow of the labor movement of over the death of the former president of United States, John Fitzpa' yesterday's meeting of the tion, 5) off disgission and put the ion to a vote, and it was cay The motion was introduced by Delegate Ed Wright, one of the most onary members of the federation. Woodrow Wilson, the political mountebank, who secured the public’s ear thru his advocacy of social reforms, was perhaps the bitterest enemy of the working class that ever sat in the White . at In 1918 when the miners the anthracite region went on strike warned them tell that unless they went back to he in 0 went on strike his attorney, goneral issued an injunction prohibiting the miners’ officials from carrying. on the strike. an American invasion ordered with-| Then | ithey were going to take a leading|-will commence promptly {part in h special convention to impeach Lewis. ' Blackjacks For Machine to leave Saturday evening, for their jhomes, was that the Lewis adminis- tion from now on will g's the en- \strongest opposition it has at has |countered and an opposition ‘been solidified by the utter disregard ‘of the wishes of the majority at the jeonvention, | “Lewis will have to rule by force !and nothing else from now on,” said a delegate from a district, formerly _ known as Lewis territory. That the machine was prepared to crush opposition at all costs is shown iby the purchase of 120 blackjacks by \its strong-arm squad during the two days before the end of the conven- tion. This is vouched for by the hardware man who sold them and who |was much elated. over the rushing \business he had been doing. Review of Howat Case appeal, of , for re as fnatatonlent in A Aitted Mine Workers of America has been pend- ing for more than two years. , alg president of the Kansas district of coal miners, led a. strike against the Kansas Industrial Court law which attracted nation-wide at- tention and resulted in the law being nullified, Differences with the Lewis administration, growing out of a campaign against Lewis, led by | Robert Harlin and Howat, led to his expulsion by Lewis, together with the entire Kansas district while Howat was serving a jail sentence for his fight against the Industrial Court. Howat was pardoned by the newly | elected governor of Kansas after an, j election campaign in which the In- dustrial Court was one of the prin- cipal issues. Since that time Howard has been carrying on a campaign for | port of all the progressive elements. Labor Plans Big | Fight Against Job | * Going to Christian (Special to The Daily Worker) | WASHINGTON, D. C.—Organized jlabor has opened a fight on the nom- ‘ination of George B. Christian, sec- ‘retary to the late President Harding, to be a member of the Federal Trade , Commission. | Twenty railroad labor organiza- ‘tions, thru W. S. Stone, President of the Brotherhood of Locomotive En-} St. ‘gineers, sent a letter to President Coolidge, asking him to withdraw ‘Christian’s nomination, di che “does not possess the qualifica- tions demanded” in a member of the jcommission, — | A letter was also sent to Senator Smith, South Carolina, chairman of | the senate interstate commerce com- \mittee, before which the nomination jis pending, asking the committee to report it unfavorably. The railroad bodies’ urged the president to appoint a character and public expe: ence, who will be acceptable to the j agricultural interests of the nation “because of important cases involv- ing culture pending before the commission.” “The Federal Trade Commission exercises functions of the very great- est importance to the people of the United States and has come to be re- garded as an institution which serves the public,” Stone wrote the presi- dent, disapproving Christian's ap- pointment. “We regret to find it ne to judgment, Mr, ‘George Br Christion, judgment, Mr, rge B. senate, does n e qualifica- tions demanded in a member of the Federal Trade Commission.” Yield to Strike Threat BUENOS AIRES. — Yielding to the workers’ threat of an immediate |general Psion the government nullified the workers’ pension. Labor objected to the clause ie workers to contri ie jd ae 3 th Theta SM f man of heh ducers of el has | “The se | bugs coediened trek PATTON ST RR WN SOR RRS RRR ie RC Be EMR "SS SEA OI at 8:15 the organization for thejp. m., will be open to all the live iwires in Chicago who wish to par- ticipate in the campaign. Complete The concensus of opinion among | details regarding the conduct of the Tn |the delegates as they were preparing! drive will be worked out at that time and everything set in readi- ness to start the campaign with a rush on Feb. 10. The general. outline of the cam- paign has already been worked out, but it has been decided to allow those who participate in the cam- paign to determine the rules under which the drive will be conducted. Those who will be able to attend the preliminary meeting on February 7 are requested to come prepared to offer their suggestions. For those who will. be unable to attend the first campaign meeting but who de- sire to take part in the campaign, the columns of The DAILY WORK- ER will be open on Feb. 8, 9 and 10 and suggestions addressed to the Chicago Campaign Manager, care of The DAILY WORKER, | will be printed in these issues, Prizes to Boosters. + During the campaign, by special arrangement with The DAILY WOR) business office, the regu- lar 20 per cent commission allowed to branch agents for subscriptions turned in, will be given to all those who are accepted as entrants in the drive. In addition to this prizes will be given to those who turn in the most subscriptions. The committee in charge of the arrange- ments makes the following sugges- tions for rules to govern the cam: paign: 1, The campaign will begin on Feb, 10 and continue until 1,000 new subscribers are secured in Chi- 0. “ONE THOUSAND NEW SUBSCRIBERS IN CHICAGO BY MARCH TENTH” is the slogan. 2. Prizes will be given to the in- dividuals who turn in the most sub- his reinstatement and has the sup-| scripti ions. 8. Prizes will be given to the Federation braych of the W. P. which uly Pg the most subs in in the most subs in proportion to its mi iP. “ 5. Branches will be_credited onl: with subs which its members sell. Individuals will be credited only with subs themselves secure, For full information regarding the drive, come to the meeting, on Thursday, Feb. 7th, at 8:15 p. m, in the h rters of the Russian Technical School, 1902 W. Division Milk Producers’ Election The milk producers of the Chi- cago district, who recently conduct- ed a strike against the Mine Trust, will méet today at the Hotel Salle to elect 's for the year. The two candidates for the pres- idency are Frank T. Holt of Ke- nosha, Wisconsin, the present in- cumbent, and Mayor Frank Green of big aiggeins i ee is pe ia it 1,500 milk pro- ll participate in the ae ‘or Green claims to have is unop; Thompson On Super-Power Carl D, Thompson, secretary of the Public Gienecahin baka spoke on the Super-power er at the chieegs. ‘ederation Labor meet- m human beings are doing today. Dele- tes Niels Kjar ningieen ‘Swebeck Jared that the workers should se- sure control of the government else industrial progress would mean noth- ing to them. Circulate Paper “Free.” MANCHESTER, Iowa—In an ef- fort to have the commission form t at a special ection to be held here Petr 10, Friday Evening Post,” whose ownership is not , made its here and is be- to residents. La}. the ban of M B.C. Rockwel, secretary of the) result organization, is posed, February 4, 1924 ILY WORKER — {RYKOV, ENGINEER, SUCCEEDS LENIN AS SOVIET CHIEF Escaped from Siberia Under Czarism (Special to The Daily Worker) MOSCOW.—Alexis Ivanovich Ry- kov, the first’. engineer to head a great nation, has been unanimously chosen by the central ‘executive com- mittee to take the post vacated by the death of Nicolai Lenin as pres- ident of the Council of Peoples Commissars. The committee’s action ratifies the decision of the Soviet congress, Associated with Rykov will be the quartette of brilliant proletariat leaders: Kameneff, Tsuriupa, Chu- bar and Alashvelli. Trotzky Remains Commissar. Rumors of internal strife regard- ing Trotzky are set naught b; the announcement that Trotzky will be retained as commissar of mili- tary affairs, This closing of the ranks around Rykov means that Russian govern- ment forces will present a united front to the world during a period when unity is essential, Leader In Economic Field. Rykoff has held many important positions in the Soviet government, principally in the field of economic administration, With Stalin and Kameneff, he was one of the vice- chairmen of the council of peoples’ commissars appointed at the time when Lenin’s illness ‘removed the premier from all political activity. For a long time Rykoff was presi- dent of the supreme economie council, one of the most important departments of the Soviet govern- ment, having general supervision of the economic reconstruction’ of Russia. He is a distinguished lin- guist. 4 He is generally regarded in Rus- sia as a man of wide political ex- perience and a talented administra- tor, Rykov escaped from Siberia, s year before the Great War,. after a. three years’ exile for his revo- lutionary activities in the Bolshe- vik movement. Arrested again in Moscow and sent. under guard te the arctic he escaped for a second time. Since 1906 he has been a member of the party’s executive committee, He had the utmost confidence of Lenin. He was born of ‘peasant parentage in 1881, Goose-Stepping Will Be Rapped at School. Meet Resentment against “goose-step” educational methods will be aired when 12,000 public school superin- tendents convene in Chicago, Feb- ruary 23 to 28, at the annual con- clave of the Department of Superin- tendence of the National Education Association in the Auditorium the- atre. Censonship of educational methods by school boards composed of small business men connected with the American Legion, the Ku Klux Klan and similar organizations, is expect- ed to come in for castigation by th minority. One phase of this censor- ship which will probably be as- sailed is the casting out, in some schools, of all American histories which have abandoned the romantic lies about the founding of the re- ya on which hundred-percentism is fed. The left wing group among the superintendents is relatively small, however. The demand for freer methods of education is largely lim- ited to rank and file teach espe- cially to those organized in the teachers’ union. Blame the Firemen, ST. LOUIS.—Stationary firemen nd here are oj a ponding city ordissnes’ white weed mitted to emit for fixed period at a time tablishment in which ployed, The measure as a smoke abatement act. mutes’ time would be attending fireman would jailed if the smoke, stack Ladd for Russ a