The Daily Alaska empire Newspaper, August 11, 1949, Page 1

THE DAILY ALASKA EMPIRE “ALL THE NEWS ALL THE TIME” VOL. LXXIIL, NO. 11,270 STEEL (0. SPOKESMAN ASSAILS FACT BOARDS AS END OF BARGAINING SENATOR CLAIMS | GOVT. EMPLOYEE INVITED BRIBERY President Truman Says In-| vestigation Hasn't Chang- ed Opinion on Vaughan WASHINGTON, Aug. 11. —#— Senator Mundt (R-SD) heatedly charged today that a letter written by a War Assets Administration employee to James V. Hunt, in August, 1947, was a “blatant invita- tion for bribery or connivance of| some kind.” Mundt, a member of the Senate Investigations subcommittee, spoke out after a committee investigator had read the contents of a letter which he said was written by Clar- ence W. Oehler to Hunt. | Another letter told of Oehler obtaining for Hunt match covers with “White House,” “H. H. V.” and | “H. 8. T.” printed on them. Hunt, now a Washington busi- ness counselor, has been a prime figure in the committee’s inquiry into activities of “five percenters” —individuals who seek out govern- ment contracts for others for a fee. The committee investigation pre- viously has developed that Hunt or- dered books of match folders bear- ing the imprint “Swiped from Harry 8. Truman.” Hunt said then that he was acting at the request of the White House. “H. H. V.” are the initials of Maj Gen. Harry H. Vaughan, President Truman’'s military aide, whose name has figured in the inquiry. Francis D. Flanagan, committee investigator, said that Oehler was a warehouse specialist for the WAA in the western area at the time he wrote letters to Hunt, formerly a $50-a-day consultant for WAA in ‘Washington. Oehler, now with the American Industrial Development Corporation of St. Louis, was in the room dur- ing Flanagan's testimony. The committee also planned to take the lid off evidence that led to suspension of the Army’s Chem- ical Corps chief, Maj. Gen. Alden H. Waitt, last July 16. President Truman said today his opinicn of Maj. Gen. Harry H. Vaughan, his Army Aide, has not been changed by testimony brought out in the Senate committee in- vestigation of five percenters. Mr. Truman also told a news conference that the Secretary of the Army is not free to relieve Vaughan from active duty in the way two other major generals have been suspended temporarily. Secretary of the Army Gray sus- pended Maj. Gen. Alden H. Waitt and Maj. Gen. Herman Feldman after their names were brought out in the Senate investigation. SEATTLE — (M — Northwest Air- lines reported today its Alaska cargo volume for the first half of 1949 increased 809 percent over last year. The line flies into Anchorage | from Seattle and from St. Paul. It reported a 200 percent jump in total cargo on domestic and inter- national routes. The Washington Merry - Go-Round' By ROBERT 8. ALLEN, Substi- tuting for Drew Pearson, Who Is On Annual Vacation. (Copyright, 1949, by Bell Syndicate, Inc.) ,’ ASHINGTON— Maj. Gen. Ly- man D. Lemnitzer encountered rough going in his closed door testimony before the House Foreign Affair committee on the $1,450,000,- 000 European Arms bill. The working-over was administ- ered by Rep. James G. Fulton, R. a plain-talking Navy veteran. Lemnitzer is one of the principal authors of the giant armament measure. A 50-year-old West Pointer, he is deputy commandant of the National War College and was chairman of the Foreign Assis- tance Coordinating Committee. In this latter position, he has played an important behind-the-scenes role in foreign policy. Lemnitzer appeared before the committee flanked by a score nf‘ senior army officers. They were 50| numerous they filled all the front seats. As a result, the ECA and State Department delegations had (Continued on Page Four) 'Ford Workers Approve Strike If Necessary : production employees, | week at the Douglas log raft. NEW YORK, Aug. 11—®—Inland Steel Company President Clarence B. Randall, said today that Presi-| dent Truman’s creation of the steel | fact-finding board was an “indus- | trial revolution” which would lead | to permanent government wage | | fixing. The attack on the Presldems action was the first made by an| industry spokesman as the com-| panies began presentation of their | case before the board. Randall is| from Chicago. I Last week the CIO Steelworkers Union argued before the board for a 30-cents-an-hour package includ- ing wage, pension and insurance | benefits. | Randall, who spoke for his own | ,company but also was the keynoter for the entire industry, not only re- Jjected all the union’s demands, but also denounced the very process of a fact-finding board itself, “When the President announced{ the formation of this.board he was | in fact announcing an industrial | revolution iy America,” Randau\ asserted. “By doing so, he has declnred\ himself as favoring a new social order, and one so different from | that under which our magnificent | production record has been | achieved that unless the process Ls‘ stopped, and stopped at once, there | will bte no possibility of turning| back. | “Through this means, whether he knew it or not, he has proclaimed | that wages shall be fixed by the government. . . .” | | INTERIORDEPT. OFFICIAL ENDS | ALASKA TOUR H. Rex Lee today declined to| say what his recommendation will | be concerning the possibility of continued operation of Yukon and | Tanana river boats, but did say that a study of their operations was one reason for his visit to Alaska. Lee, who is Assistant Director of the Division of Territories and Is-| land Possessions of the Depart- | ment of the Interior, will end his, three-week tour of the Territory| when he leaves tomorrow for Wash- | ington, D.C. It is his third trip to | Alaska. Regarding road and railroad pro- grams, Lee said today, “Both the program of railroad rehabilitation and the highway program are | moving nicely. We are pleased with | the progress of work on both.” Lee accompanied Col. J. P. John- son, general manager of the Alaska Railroad, on investigations to deter- mine what should be done on river boat operations. With Col. John R. Noyes, Alaska Road Commissioner, he went over most of the ARC roads. The Washington official arrived from Anchorage yesterday as a guest of Rear Admiral Frank D. Wagner aboard a Navy R4D. To Win Bargaining DETROIZ, Aug. 11— (®—Ford| workers in Michigan voted over- whelmingly to strike if necessary to get pensions, health benefits and a wage increase. The State Labor Mediation Boarc reported today that 65,001 voted for a strike and 9,549 against. This was a 7-1 majority. The three-day election, required by state law, cleared away the last legal obstacle to a strike of Ford Motor Co.’s 106,000 hourly rated 80,000 of whom work in Michigan. The elec- tion was asked by the CIO United Auto Workers. UAW President Walter Reuther said there would be no immediate walkout. The vote tally corresponded almost exactly with results of a nationwide union-conducted strike election in Ford plants. That elec- tion, held in July, resulted in a 7-1 majority for the UAW. NIEMI-ELLERS RITES Double funeral services will be held tomorrow afternoon for Oscar (Chum) Niemi, Jr., and Ronald Ellers, who were drowned early this Services will be at 2 o'clock 'n| the Charles W. Carter Mortuary | viously | seeded by then. Runs are still very JUNEAU, ALASKA, THURSDAY AUGUST 11, 1949 MEMBER ASSOCIATED PRESS BOSTON INSPECTS SWIM SUIT NORMALLY BOSTON DISAPPROVES TnEM-—French Bikini type bathing suits that is, but Blonde Model Vel Dorne catches these Bostonians by surprise as she calmly strolls down street during heat wave to check reaction of average citizen. 10 CONFER N EARLY OPENING IN FISHING HERE With all interested parties ap- parently satisfied to await the regu- lar opening August 15 of salmon fishing in the southern district of Southeast Alaska, a group will meet tonight concerning the possibility of simultaneous opening for the district north of Sumner Strait. This is scheduled for August 22. Interested fishermen and repre- sentatives of the salmon industry will meet with U. §. Fish and Wild- life Service officials at 8 o'clock in the office of Clarence J. Rhode, Alaska FWS director. “If the showing of fish warrants |it,” said Rhode today, “both dis: tricts will be opzned Monday. It |is only a question of whether pre- unseeded areas will be spotty; in some areas, the showing is in exceedingly small numbers if at all. ; “Up to the last few days,” he continued, “there has Leen a vexy} i poor showing on the west coast of | Chichagof Island from the entrance | of Icy Strait to Salisbury Sound.”' An aerial survey was to be made today, to augment local reports. Both the FWS and members ul“ the industry are . making daily surveys, the operators doing so with | | their own and chartered airplanes. | In most cases, representatives of both groups make up the parties.| Daily reports are also received ! from FWS agents and stream| guards. ‘Those ‘at tonight’s meeting will study reports by all three lnterestea groups. “The approach,” said Rhode, “is| (Iuternationad) Ex President Assails Cost 0f Government PALO ALTO, Calif, Aug. 11-—-P —The nation today had the sober warning of its only living former President that its spending policies if unchecked, will rob posterity ot its inheritance. Former President Herbert Hoover, in a significant address, asserted last night that the Uniteq States | “is blissfully driving down the back ,road to collectivism at top speed.” “We have not had a great soc- ialization of property,” he said, “but we are on the last mile to collec- tivism through governmental col- lection and spending of the savings |of the people.” In his talk, broadcast by the four major networks, he assailed the cost of government. “Along this road of spending, the government either takes over, | which is socialism, or dictates in- - | stitutional and economic life, which is fascism,” he said. Truman Laughs WASHINGTON, Aug. President Truman served today that he does not be- lieve this nation is driving down the road on “the last mile” to collectivism. Mr. Truman gave this view when a reporter brought up the fears | expressed by former President Hexr- bert Hoover last night about gov- ernment spending and taxes. Mr. Hoover's name was not men- nculd at the news conference eith- 11.—P— laughingly ob-{ SHOWDOWN IS NEAR IN HAWAII By DOUGLAS LOVELACE HONOLULU, Aug. 11—(®—Hawaii extended government seizure to all seven of the island’s struck steve- doring companies today. CIO Long- shore Leader Harry Bridges said the Territory’s effort to reopen its strike-plugged ports will fail. Gov. Ingram M. Stainback signed orders late yesterday to bring five firms in the outer islands under Territorial control. He had done the same Tuesday for Honolulu's two companies. Actual takeover of all seven was expected to be com- pleted today. Striking stevedores of the CI0 International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union announced mainland support in their avowed attempt to defy government dock operation. Bridges, President of the ILWU, told a meeting of high Territorial officials: “I'm here to tell you the Territory is not going to break this strike.” It has gone on for 103 days. Stainback warned: anyone inter- fering with the Territory's dock operation “will be dealt with swiftly with all the force of the govern- ment.” The dock seizure law, passed by a special session of the Hawaiian Legislature, prohibits any ‘“con- certed activity” interfering with government operation. Penalties are $500 fines and three months in jail In a special appearance before the legislature yesterday, the Gov- ernor asked it to determine if the law needs more strength. Pointedly, he mentioned “criminal laws.” On the union side, the ILWU asked all Maritime Union offiges in Honolulu to support the strike in the same manner as the CIO Marine Engineers. The Engineers’ Executive Board in Washington | ordered members not to work any ship picketed by the ILWU. Seventy-five-Cent Minimum Hourly Pay Passes House Today WASHINGTON, Aug. 11—(®—The House passed today a bill to raise the national minimum wage from 40 cents an hour to 75, as asked by President Truman. The roll call | vote was 361 to 35. The measure went to the Senate, where a similar minimum wage bill is pending. The Senate has set the measure aside repeatedly for other legislation, however, and it is uncertain when the bill may be called up for debate there. The House action was, in a sense, a victory for the administra- tion. The bill carried the 75-cent minimum advocated by the Presi- dent, Secretary of Labor Tobin, and representatives of major labor organizations. WITNESSES BLAST "LAND GRABS" AT PUBLIC HEARING Withdrawal of 310,000 Acres Rouses Ire at AnchorageSessmn Witnesses in the land withdrawal hearing at Anchorage lined up against the Interior Department’s “land-grab” policy which, they protested had closed a total of 310,000 acres to settlement in the past year. ‘The public hearing Tuesday, at which Gov. one of some peared, was conducted by Marion Clawson, of Land Management. It had been requested by a committee of the Anchorage Junior Chamber of Commerce, which presented a group of witnesses. Persons heard later reflected the sentiments of Carl Rentschler, Jay- cee committee chairman, and Har- old Pomeroy, Homer homesteader, who led the parade of protests. Rentschler accused “bureaucrats” at Washington of hamstringing the Alaska settlement program. Point- ing to a large marked map of the Territory, Rentschler listed areas from 25,000,000 to a few acres in extent, all withdrawn irom the public domain during the past. He demanded the immediate return of Kenai, Homer and Ninilchik with- drawals for the benefit of pros- pective homesteaders. He testified that the Interior Department would accomplish more by building access roads and mak- ing tractors available for use by homesteaders. Lowell M. Puckett, regional Land Management director, and Robert 1 C. Coote told the reasons of land withdrawals, saying they were tem- porary, and for the purpose of enabling the Department to plan for their orderly settlement by classification and survey. Coote maintained that, despite a fairly free hand given homesteaders, agricultural development in Alaska has lagged, and has been, for all practical purposes, non-existent. Coote outlined factors which he the way of successful farming in Alaska. Among these, he cited lack of roads, high expense of clearing, lack of markets and absence of community. facilities in farming areas. The issue pertained directly to the recent withdrawal of 17,000 acres near Homer, 14,000 near Ninilchik and 86,000 at Chena. Indirectly in- volved were withdrawals of 160,000 acres at Kenai and 330,000 acres at Dunbar, near Fairbanks. President Truman Names General Bradley fo Head Joint Chiefs WASHINGTON, Aug. 11—P— President Truman announced today he is nominating Gen. Omar Brad- Ernest Gruening was | 15 persons who ap-| head of the U. S. Bureau| ley for promotion to chairman of | ~ (CUTS TEN | OFF NAVY RESEARCH UNTOLD AID, SAYS - ADMIRAL WAGNER 17th District Offical Speaks ~Chamber OpposesKrug Seftlement Plan Alaska’s new Commanding Offi- lcer of the 17th Naval District, Rear Admiral Frank D. Wagner, spoke on the Navy's peacetime op- | bers of the Chamber of Commerce | this noon at the Baranof Hotel. Admiral Wagner, who arrived here by plane yesterday for his | tirst official visit to the capital city, emphasized the importance of research activities being carried out | by the Navy. | “Research scientists are contri- buting an untold amount to the knowledge of Alaska,” he said. “Experts from numbers of univer- sities are doing research work ‘n geology, ecology, ocean currents, volcanoes, glaciology, information which will, and has already proved | invaluable.” Speaking briefly of naval opera- tions at Point Barrow, the Admiral said the discovery and usage of natural gas deposits should greatly reduce the supply problem for the farthest north Navy installation where testing of all types of equip- ment is one of the main activities. | “Scars of wartime installations are becoming obliterated,” the Ad- | miral said. “Wartime properties, including a number of cahneries taken over by the government dur- ing the war, are being returned or leased to private enterprise municipalities. in Alaska shortly more than two months, is accompanied on his ofti- cial visit by Capt. L. J. Dow, Com- Cmdr. John Morton also of Kodiak. He was introduced by Robert Boochever, Chamber vice presi- dent, who presided in the absence | of President Fred Eastaugh. Oppose Krug Settlement Plan Strong opposition to Secretary of | Interior J. A. Krug's recently pub- |licized plan for settlement of 2 million acres in Alaska with “sel- ected groups,” was expressed by the Chamber this noon. Members voted unanimous sup- port of a letter of opposition writ- ten to Delegate E. L. Bartlett, in which the Chamber goes on record in favor of settlement by individual families, with adequate government assistance through extension of ex- erations in the Territory to mem- | | Admiral Wagner, who has been | | saig surveys had shown stood in PRICE TEN CENTS SENATE COMMITTEE PER CENT AIRPORT FUND s Reduction Nin_*Money for Alaska Made to Go fo Virgin Islands ‘WASHINGTON, Aug. 11—(®—The Senate Commerce Committee ap- proved a bill yesterday slicing ten percent off money for Alaska air- ports in order to kbring the Vir- gin Islands under the National Air- port Act. A committee aide said that Con- gress in passing the act “through | inadvertence” excluded the Virgin Islands ‘from participating in Fed- eral funds for airport construction. The act did authorize $20,000,000 less five percent for administra- tive expenses, for a Territorial air- port construction program to be split as follows: 50 percent for Alaska and 25 percent each for Hawail and Puerto Rico. ‘The committee approved bill cuts Alaska's share to 45 percent; awards five percent to the Virgin Islands, and leaves Puerto Rico and Hawail with their original share. BELGIAN T0 LEAD COUNCIL 1V, S. and Britain fo Discuss Coordinated Policy on China l or SUMMAIY 0' LODAY'S le NATIONAL NEWS (By The Associated Press) The European council’s consulta- tive assembly elected Paul-Henrl ,manding Officer, U. 8. Navy, Ko-|Spaak of Belgium its first president | diak; Capt. W. E. Kaitner, and Lt.|by acclamation today. Sponsors hope the assembly, meet- ing in Strasbourg, France, may be- come Europe's first international parliament. It has 191 members from 12 countries. Spaak was nominated by Winston { Churchill, one of 18 delegates from Britain, He resigned as acting Bel- glan Premiey and Foreign Minister to be eligible for the post. Spaak’s resignation marked the end of a government crisis in Bel- gium since elections six weeks ago. in which his Socialist party lost ground. A new coalition cabinet of Soclal Christians and Liberals, headed by Social Christian Gaston Eskens, was being sworn in today. Greeks Increase Offensive Greece’s general staff announced ler by the reporter or the President. | The reporter wanted to know f Mr. Truman thought “we are on ithe last mile on the back road to much better than in past years.; Moreover, the Service has a better check on the situation, than ever the joint Chiefs of Staff. would make Bradley the nation’s | highest ranking military officer. Gold Rush Member, This | The President said he was not| before. “The whole reason for sched- uling late openings was to con- serve the supply of fish. We are attempting to rebuild the early i run because that has the best chance of survival. Previously, ccllectivism.” The President laughed, said he thought it was funny, but didn't know what that meant. Then he said he didn’t think so. Chapel, with the Rev. G. Herbert | Hillerman officiating. | billion dollar foreign aid program. there was no chance of escapement o . ; ; {Ecuador Town Sinks until after t_hc commercial season. mao:erjn;ngzt r::r 1949 are far lntex[1,5°o Fee' In'o years. The, latest; ¥ Ground During Quake cpening date previously was Au-1 QUITO, Ecuador, Aug. 11.—M-— gust 9, last year. o 7 Witnesses reported today one of the o | most fantastic pranks of Ecuador’s disastrous earthquake—the little village of Libertad and its sur- rounding fields sank 1,500 feet ® ® & » o v & o 0° o WEATHER REVORT (U. 8. WEATHER BUREAU) (This data is for 24-hour pe- riod ending 7:30 a.m. PST.) . . In Juneau—Maximum, 63; e|straight down into the earth. minimum, 46. e| The town, with a population of At Airport—Maximum, 62; e |about 100 persons, just disappeared. o%Where it once stood is a gaping hole half a mile in diameter and 1,500 feet deep. minimum, 40. FORECAST (Juneau and Vicinity) Fair with lowest tempera- e The strange tale was told by ture near 45 degrees tonight { military and medical otficers re- with slowly increasing cloud- |turn1ng from the guake area south iness Friday. Highest temp- e |of here near Pelileo, hardest hit e jcity where thousands died. They o |said they were shown the big sink ® | by Col. Gabriel Nunez, troop com- mander in the region. erature Friday about 67 de- grees. | PRECIPITATION . . . . . . . . [ . . . . . . . . . @ (Past 24 hours ending 7:30 a.m. today @ . . . . . . City of Juneau — None; i Most of the top soil in the sunk- since Aug. 1, 3.74 inches; en area was scrambled by the sud- since July 1, 9.03 inches. den drop, but in a few places the At the Airport — None; e|crops continued to grow just as since Aug. 1, 185 inches; e]they did before. since July 1, 5.87 inches. .: —— e 0 00 0 e 0 e 0! MORRIS UP TAKU N R S A ARSI Mr. and Mrs. L. F. Morris have WASHINGTON—(P—Senate and ! gone up the Taku River to spend House members came out of con-|a few days at their ledge. They ference today completely deadlocked 'left here in a large boat, and were on any agreement over the multi- | to continue to their lodge in their I river boat. Now Renfon Resident Wants Statehood won't grow up until it reaches | statehood and quits hanging onto its mother’s apron strings.” S0 declares W. O. Peterson, sourdough and Washington pioneer. “In the early days, we in Wash- ‘ington had difficulties and we never overcame them until he had state- hood,” said Peterson. “Washington haqd greater difficulties than Alaska does now. Alaska has greater na- tural resources than Washington had when it became a state.” Peterson, Chairman of the Board dough Club, Inc., was born in 1881 on Chambers Creek (named for his grandfather, Judge Thomas Chamoers, who came to Oregon Territory in 1845) near Fort Steila- coom. At 17, he went to Yukon Terri- tory during the gold rush and re- mained in the north six years. He now lives near Renton. STEAMER MOVEMPTS Prince George scheduled to arrive from Vancouver tomorrow. * Princess Norah scheduled to ar- rive from Vacouver Saturday. Denali scheduled to sail today from Seattle. Aleutian scheduled to sail from Seattle Saturday. Baranof due to arrive southbound Sunday. Princess Louise sails from Van-| couver Saturday. Diamond Cement scheduled sail from Seattle August 17. SEATTLE, Aug. 11—(®—"Alaska ] of Trustees of the Seattle Sour-| to ‘veady to announce & successor 10 | Bradley as Army Chief of Staff. He made public a letter to Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower thanking' Jhim for serving temporarily as pre- siding officer of the joint Chiefs of Staff pending enactment of the new unification law. Mr. Truman also announced that he will nominate Admiral Louis Denfeld for another two year term as Chief of Naval Operations. Bradley, 56, the “GI's General,” succeeded Eisenhower as Army Chief of Staff last year after hav- ing served nearly three years as Veterans Administrator. | The war in Europe had been over only three months when Mr. Tru- man called upon Bradley to take over the VA post. During the war, he was a corps commander in North Africa and later in Sicily. Then he took the First Army across the Normandy ed in Germany he was in command of the 12th U, 8. Army Group-- the largest body of American sol- diers ever to serve under a single field commander. STOCK QUOTATIONS NEW YORK, Aug. 11.—(®—Clos- ing quotations of Alaska Juneau mine stock today is 3%, American Can 93, Anaconda 29%, Curtiss- Wright 8%, International Harvest- er 26, Kennecott 49%, New York | Central 10%, Northern Pacific 14%, | U: 8. Steel 23, Pound $4.03. Sales today were 1,030,000 shares. | Averages today were as follows: |industrials 180.02, rails 47.38, util- ities 36.65. isting aid through farm settlement!!a stepping up of the new ofiensive | measures now applying in the|against Communist Guerrillas In | states. p mountains near the Albanian fron- “We want settlers who havel tier. come up here on their own and| A communique sald four fortified who expect to better their condi<|heights in the Vitsi triangle were tion largely by their own efforts,” |stormed during the night. says the Chamber’s letter. “This| The Ministry of War labelled as | Chamber wants Alaska to have the | fantastic charges broadcast from benefits which come was a ‘family: Tirana last night that the gov- beachhead and when the war end- ' ment.” Interior Man Speaks H. Rex Lee, assistant director cf the Division of Territories, Wash- ington D. C., luncheon guest, was called on by Boochever for a few comments. Lee is enroute to Washington after several weeks in the Interior looking over transportation rehabilitation. Robertson Named Representative R. E. Robertson was named as Chamber representative to the Northwest Trade Association for the year at yesterday's board of directors meeting. The Chamber voted this noon to send a represen- tative to the Associated Board cf i Trades convention to be held Aug. 18-19-20 at Smithers, B. C., with the delegate to be selected next week. Possibility of a Chamber repre- sentative attending a board meet- ing of the Methodist Church in |New York City in September in connection with establishment of a college in Alaska was expressed, with the matter to be up for con- sideration. Visitors introduced at the session included William Bates, president of Miners and Merchants Bank, Ketchikan; George B. Astel, profes- sor of Journalism, University of Washington, Seattle, and Cmdr. D. M. Morrison, chief, Engineering Di- | vision, 17th Coast Guard District. unit' type of agricultural develop- | ernment troops had invaded Albax- I lan territory, Johnson In Canada Louis Johnson, United States De- fense Secretary, traveled to Otta- !wa for talks with Canadian mili- tary chiefs. The conferences are believed likely to cover both U. S. and Canadian planning for defense land | of North America and close military cooperation of the two countries under the North Atlantic pact. Latest word on China in Wash- ington was that U. S. Ambassador J. Leighton Stuart may not re- turn to his post with the hard- pressed Chinese Naticnalist govern- ment at Canton. It was also re- ported that Secretary of State Dean Acheson and British Foreign Sec- retary Ernest Bevin will seek to co- ordinate U.S.-British policles tow- ard China at meetings next month. May Abandon Canton In Canton there were indications Nationalist armies may not defend the provisional capital against the Communist forces now only 215 miles away. The Nationalist cen- tral China commander, Gen. Hai Chung-hsi, was reported moving his headquarters inland to Kwangsi province. The American black bear once ranged from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from Northern Alaska to Central Mexico.