The Daily Alaska empire Newspaper, July 13, 1949, Page 1

THE DAILY VOL. LXXIIL, . 11,245 Stren TRUMAN WiILL TALK TONIGHT, 4 NETWORKS Will Tell Americans About Prescription to Head Off Depression WASHINGTON, July 13—#— President Truman is going to sit| down tonight and tell the Ameri-| can people about his prescription for heading off a depression. He wants to get over to them his | idea that there is nothing to be scared about in the moderate economic decline unless folks get| panicky. And he wants to defend the fis- cal policy of this aclmtmstranoni against criticism by some members | of Congress. The President will talk to the| nation over four major radio net- works and via television from a desk in the movie projection room at the White House. This first major so-called ‘““‘fire- side chat” by Mr. Truman this| year is scheduled for 9:30 p. m.| (Eastern Standard Time). The talk, White House aides said, | will be an elaboration of his mid- year economic report to Congress | on Monday. i The President is expected to tell| radio listeners why he backed down from his demands for major tax increases in favor of raises only | in gift and estate taxes and re-| peal of the transportation tax on freight. | | POSTAL INSPECTOR | T0 BE SPEAKER AT | C. OF C. LUNCHEON W. D. (Don) Erewer, U.S. Postal Inspector who is making a business trip throughout the Territory, will be the principal speaker at tomor- row’s luncheon meeting of the Chamter of Commerce. Mrs. Crystal Snow Jenne, Juneau| postmaster, has been invited to at- tend. | Considering the numerous aspects | of postal service which are pe-! cdliar to Alaska, this promises to| be an ‘unusually lively meeting,| especially should it include a ques-li tion period. i The weekly luncheon will be at| noon in the Gold Room of the| Baranof Hotel. | BIG ALARM, SMALL FIRE The 4-9 firealarm which sound- | ed at 4:05 p. m. yesterday, took members of the Fire Department | out to a building on Willoughby | Avenue between West Seventh and Eighth. Fire in an old stove had set a| wall afire. The blaze was quick- ly put out, and damage was slight. The Washington, Merry - Go - Round By DREW PEARSON [Copyright, 1949, by Bell Syndicate, Inc.) (Ed. Note: This is the second of a series of columns in which Drew Pearson analyzes the highly important but little un- derstood, economic crisis in Great Britain.) msHINGTON — Here are two international developments which! may or may not be related: 1. In contrast to other years, there is not a sign of military ac-| tivity on the Russian horizon. The | American Intelligence, steadily improving behind the Iron Curtain, reports that never at any time since V-J Day has there been less sign of military preparation. As far as the eye can tell, all is serene. | 2. Last spring, Europe was booming. Business seemed better | than ever. The Marshall Plan was | hailed as a great success. At that| time, Russia for tne first time| adopted a conciliatry policy. U. S. diplomats at the United Nations | almost keeled over when the Rus-| sians first proposed ending the|PAA to become Alaska Native Ser-|Sacred Congregation of the Holy Berlin blockade. At long last it gthening of SPECIAL SESSION OF LEGISLATURE TO BE CALLED, HAWAII Gov. Stainback Hopes for| New Powers to End 14-Day Dock Strike HONOLULU, July 13.—®—Gov. Ingram M. Stainback turned to Hawaii's Legislature today in hopes of getting broad new powers to| | end the Islands’ 74-day dock strike.‘Mimary Police escorts, the convoy! He will call a special session, he | announced, just as soon as tnei Legislature’s holdover committee | drafts a proposed little Taft-Hart- ley labor program. He asked that it be done by Tuesday. The com- mittee went right to work. The key bill in a five-measure series by the Hawailan Bar Asso- ciation would arm the Governor with injunctive powers to step into the CIO longsnore tieup. It also would authorize him to seize and operate the now idle docks and| other public utilities “when the| health and welfare of the people” | are at stake. The International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union pulled | its 2,000 stevedores off the water- | front May 1. It wants a 32 cent| increase of the $1.40 hourly pay. | The employers once offered 12 cents | but withdrew it. The strike has| locked in sugar and pineapple ex- ports. No shipment can come in except government arranged food relief cargoes. STEEL STRIKE IS TO BE CALLED, BUT BE LIMITED | PITTSBURGH, Juiy 13—®—The | CIO United Steelworkers today ac- | cepted a Presidential proposal to| avoid a steel strike for 60 days. But Union President Philip Murray‘ said he would call a strike tomor- row, effective at midnight Friday, against those companies who de- clined President Truman’s proposal. | The walkout will be effective a‘ midnight, Friday, July 15, said CIO President Philip Murray. Murray said he had no definite information on which companies | would be struck but that they ap- peared to be the U.S. Steel Cor) Republic Steel Corp., and Bethle- hem Steel Corp., “as far as my present information goes.” . Mayor 0'Dwyer Is To Seek Reelection NEW YORK, July 13—#—Mayor William O'Dwyer announced today that he will run for reelection. The mayor said at a news con- ference: “I deem it my duty in the; test interests of the city to run for reelection.” The announcement came a day after the Democratic Mayor con- ferred with President Truman in Washington and just after Man- hattan District Attorney Frank S. Hogan had been promised the nomination by three of the city’s five Democratic leaders. LOWELL GIBSON WORKING PORTLAND RADIO STATION Lowell Gibson, former KINY pro- gram director, has taken a posi- tion as staff announcer on radio station KDW in Portland, Ore.| Gibson left here several weeks ago after being employed at the local station for more than a year. | DERBY COURSE IS NOW BEING PUT IN SHAPE To get the Twelfth Street hill in perfect shape for Sunday’s Soap Box Derby, city crews are already at work, washing down the street.| Bert Lybeck, Street Department foreman, hopes that drivers of| gravel trucks—or any vehicles thatj might leave the street dirty—will avoid Twelfth Street until after the race. i NEW DENTAL OFFICER ‘ FOR ANS IN BETHEL | Dr. Robert Wheatley from the“ University or Oregon school of den- ‘ tistry left fronr here yesterday by vice dental officer in the Bethel | can |added that other Republicans have ‘lndicnted great interest in the bill. JUNEAU, ALASKA, WEDNESDAY, JULY 13, 1949 U.S. Trucks |40 BODIES OF 45 | VICTIMS OF PLANE RollToward | crashRecovereD Soviel Zone Field Declared Perfectly Okay for Landing of Airliner 40 BODIES OF 45 BERLIN, July 13—#—An Ameri- Army convoy of 60 trucks, lcaded with supplies for the U.S. Military Post in Berlin, rolled to- ward the Soviet zone frontier to- day in a test of Russian policy. Unarmed, but with Amenican BOMBAY, India, July 13.—P— The rain-soaked underbrush on Ghatkopar Hill today yielded the {bodies of 40 of the 45 persons kill- is scheduled to appear at the Rus-|ed yesterday in tbe flaming crash sian’s Helmstedt checkpoint on the|cf a Royal Dutch (KLM) airliner main Berlin autobahn tomorrow|cn Bombay Island. morning. Thirteen of the dead were Amer- British Military Police at Helm-|ican news correspondents. The stedt reported today that several:bodies of all but one of the cor- hundred Berlin-tound German | respondents—Fred Colvig of the trucks were stalled there in aDenver Post—have been identified. continuation of the tieup which the| Hundreds of -police slogging Russians began Sunday. { through monsoon rains continued The military police said that!the search for the five missing Soviet guards had allowed as many | bodies. as six trucks an hour to pass in| The plane, a Constellation, crash- the early morning but were now|ed on the 800-foot high hill while cutting back to as few as three. |preparing to land at an airfield The American Army, if its convoy, 15 miles north of Bombay. Con- gets through the Soviet zone with- ! troller of Airdromes Sumshere Jung out qifficulty tomorrow, plans to!said the field was “perfectly okay” establ'sh a weekly trucking service (@t the time of the crash and that to its Berlin post to relieve some o1} other aircraft had made takeoffs the burden on the U.S.-Britisha short time kefore. airlitt, In Hong Kong, Mrs. Dorothy Brandon of the New York Herald 3 ! Tribune denied that she had re- KEY SE(TIONS OF fused to board the plane because she had feared it would be sabo- TRUMAN'S PLANTO = i She said she wanted it made { “very clear that I did not suspect BE GIVEN PASSAGE| i In Manila yesterday, William R. 2 Mathews, publisher of the Tucson, Democratic - Senators drafting anjAriz, Star, said Mrs, Brandon had vanti-depression” bill seek to ln°|told him she wouldn't board the up active Republican support for'plane at Batavie because “It's go- key sections of President Trumans!ing to be sabotaged as sure as you new economic program. live.” Senator Murray (D-Mont), chief! Mrs, Brandon said in Hong Kong, sponsor of the °bill, said several| however, that she and Mathews had GOP Senators have been asked t0|made up their minds in New Vork Put their names on the measure.|pefore the correspondents’ journey It probably will be introduced to-|had begun, not to make the return morrow or Friday. !trip with the others. She told an Murray told a reporter Senatorjinterviewer she and Mathews were Morse (R-Ore) has agreed to join|the only ones among the party who in sponsoring the bill if the Demo-!had planned to go north after the crats will make a few changes de-:Batavia tour. signed to “protect the businessmen : of this country.” The Morse proposals probably will be accepted, Murray Said. Heg SIOCK ouo'A'Io"s i NEW YORK, July 13.—#—Clos- ‘The group of Demoerats b“kmgling quotation of Alaska Juneau the bill outlined it for the first|Mmine stock today is 3%, American time several weeks ago. It is keyed [Can 92%, Anaconda 28, Curtiss- mainly to two proposals contained!Wright 8%, International Harvest- also in the 11-point economic pro- | €’ 26's, Kennecott 47%, New York igram which Mr Truman sent tolCentral 10%, Northern Pacific 13%, U. S. Steel 22%, Pound $4.02%. POINTED PROGRAM Sales today were 1,050,000 shares. 1. A broad study of “invest-/ Averages today are as follows ment and develcpment needs and _industrials 173.24, rails 44.35, uti market opportunities in an expand,|xues 35.24. ing economy.” 2.. Legislation to permit Fedenll NEW YORK, July 13.—#— The agencies, states and local communi- | Stock market advanced to the high- ties to “intensify their advance ;st level in nearly seven weeks to- lanning and acquire sites for use-|9ay. . lf’u] projgeccs," A iy Key issues moved up a few cents The bill will provide for creation |t ri"’“"z “2 a 5’::’:-““ S of a National Economic Coopera- mand from eral pub- to promote maximum employment, J o progucnon and purchumg pyower_ The gains were achieved in the BILLIONS FOR WORKS iace of the possibility. of a na- The measure also calls for long tional steel strike. News that the range planning of a $15,000,000,000 United Steel Workers (CIO) had non-Federal public works program; called a strike for Friday mid- for transfer of unemployed persons night against steel companies and their families to areas where!Which have rejected the President’s jobs are available; and for Mau‘s{)-dflylt:\lti; offer came after the loans designed to encour: busi- | ¢lose of trading. ness jnve;munem pfl-l'uc\;?rly in! The strike threat was tempered underdeveloped areas of the coun-ls""““"hm by the knowledge that try. inventories of most steel products Murray confirmed that the re-|8re comparatively high. vised version would set up a $3,- Today’s advance started in mid- 000,000,000 emergency fund for use|June after the market, at the end ty the President mainly in areas of a steep slide, had hit a 4}%-year hard hit by joblessness. Under that|loW on June 13. program, the states and localities would have to put $30 for every|SGT. ALTMAN “li;:‘: & $70 the Federal government con- ON EMERGEN LEAVE tributed. Excommunicafion For Communists, Is Vatican Decree| VATICAN CITY, July 13—®— The Vatican today decreed major excommunication against Com- munists. The decree was issued by the Congress Monday. They call for: Sgt. 1st cl. Roger Altman, who has been stationed at Naknek since his /recent tour of duty with the ACS at Juneau, is back here on a 15-day emergency furlough. Reason for the special leave is his wife's illness. Mrs. Altman is in St Ann’s Hospital. “ NEW DUTY AT ADAK FOR SGT. STANFORD M/Sgt. George E. skipper of ‘Wamecat, holds that title no longer. He “departed” ACS yesterday Office. Excommunication cuts off and is spending a 7-day leave In Stanford, looked @s if Moscow realized the|2rea. Dr. Wheatley will be joined | Catholics from participatiorr in the'Juneau before going to Adak, where (Continued on Page Four) by his wife and two small sons at an early date. | | Sacraments of the Church and the 'he will be in the Transportation Eociety of the Faithful, Corps. the ACS duty boat| PLANE CRASH CAUSE IS NOT FIGHT RESULT Inquiry Stan—ea in Accident Yesterday Which Took Lives of Thirty-five LOS ANGELES, July 13—(®— Official sources differed today whether a fight aboard an airliner caused it to crash and explode 30 miles north of here - with a loss of 35 lives and injuries to 14. A C-46 transport operated by Standard Airlines snagged a wing- tip yesterday in the Santa Susana mountains in a fog and exploded on a steep canyonside in what,, Civil Aeronautics Board Ihspectors said was the worst non-scheduled flight accident in the .nation's history. James M. Peyton, Regional CAB Chief, said that a brief fight be- tween two men passengers ap- He made this statement after talk- ing to survivors. Peyton sad the crash occurred an hour and a halt after the scrap. PILOT IS KILLED Hcwever, Capt. L. R. Powell, chief pilot for Standard, said his investigation convinced him the battle caused the tragedy. He de- seribed the pilot of the twin-engine eraft, Roy C. White, as highly skilled and careful. White was killed. A half hour before the crash, Pilot White had radioed Lockheed Airport at Burbank that he wanted police to stand ty to arrest one of two men passengers who had been fighting aboard. He sald one man was badly beaten. The plane was inbound from New York. | STEWARDESS SAVED | & passenger, Mrs. Mary Bettis ot | Long Beach, Calif, said she saw the fight. She said she saw a man hit the man next to him just once. Stewardess Vicky Zelsdorf said in a Long Beach hospital owed her life to the tussle. She said she gave up her seat to the man who was struck. The man in that seat was Kkilled. She said the two men had been fighting the day be- fore also. | When Mrs. Zelsdorf saw they | were going to crash she threw a blanket across her knees and ab- domen, Doctors said this was her maternal instinct to save her un- {born child, which they hoped to | save. The stewardess was seriously injured. TURNER LAKE TRAILS, | BOATS NOW IN SHAPE General interest being great in the condition of trails and other Forest Service installations for pub- lic enjoyment of the outdoors, Alva W. Blackerby, Admiralty Division Supervisor, plans to give a “spot bulletin” whenever a crew finishes | its work. ; Blackerby reports that Turner Lake now is maintained as to trails, boats and lodge. He has a pair of oars to be taken out, though, and would appreciate some- !one velunteering to take them along, if planning an outing there. He can be reached by telephoning 580. COURT. ACTION TRANSFERRED In the matter of the petition by the United States of America for Alaska Railroad Company Barge transfer proceedings to the Dis- trict Court for the Western Divis- jon of Washington, Northern Di- vision. |wmey P. J. Gilmore, Jr.; Assist- |ant Attorney Stanley Baskin and | Attorney W. T. Beeks of Seattle, | who represents a number of claim- | ants. MRS. C. L. ANDERS Mrs. Clarence L. Andergon ar- rived on Tuesday's Pan Ameri- can flight from Seattle to join her husband, who 1s director of the | new Alaska Department of Fisher- les. She plans to be here a week, try- |ing to locate a residence, then re- {tum to Seattle to dispose of the family home there. Later, she wiil join her husband here permanently The Andersons are guests at the | Baranof Hotel, parently did not cause the crash.; that she | exoneration or limitation as to the| 738, a motion has been granted to| i | 1\ Interested counsel are U. S. At-) MEMLER ASSOCIATED PRESS MORE MILLIONS FOR ALASKA ARE RECOMMENDED Senate Committee Ups House Passed Money Bill for Fiscal Year WASHINGTON, July 13. —#— An increase of $9,075,000 over funds approved by the House for Al- jaska this year was recommended to the Senate today. The Senate Appropriations Com- mittee made the changes in the House-passed money bill to supply the territory in the year which started July 1. If approved by the Senate and accepted by the House, the total for Alaska would be §24,283,050 more than appropriated for last fiscal year. For roads, bridges, tralls, con- struction, repair and maintenance, the bill would allow $26,762,000, an | increase over House figures of $1,- 070,000. The Alaska Railroad would get $25,000,000 cash and contract au- thorization of $22,000,000. The cash would be an increase of $8,- 000,000 over the House figure. The Senate bill would increase funds for salaries and expenses of Territorial officials to $72,700, up $5,000 over the House bill. It sets at $494,000 funds for the care ot :lusane, an increase of $5,900. 'MAIL PICK-UP BUT NOT DELIVERY IS URGED BY OFFICAL Possitility of postal delivery serv- ice in Juneau is not a matter of consideration for the near future in the opinion of W. D. Brewer, | Post Office Inspector, Seattle, who |is in Juneau on an inspection trip through Alaska. ‘There are as many arguments against mail delivery for Junean as there are in favor of it, ac- cording to Mr. Brewer. “I will recommend that postal delivery not be inaugurated,” the inspector said today. “First of all, it would increase the local mailing rate from one cent to three cents. Then, in many instances, it would delay delivery of mail, especially over weekends. “Because of the irregular arrival of mail on ships,” he continued, “it would be impossible to set up a delivery schedule. “Ancther —matter to consider would be that mail addressed to a mail box would be delivered to a mail box, not to a street address. “Of course, an obvious, though remediable difficulty as far as mail delivery is concerned at pre- sent, is the Jack of street signs and numbers cn Juneau houses.” *A helpful recommendation of Mr. Brewer will be for pick-up boxes throughout town. “I will recommend collection service,” sald the inspector, “and installation of mailboxes scattered around town in convenient places to facilitate mail pick-up.” Brewer expects to be in Juneau azout a week. 0 00 00000 0 WEATHER REPORT (U. 8. WEATHER BUREAU (This data is for 24-hour pe- ricd ending 6:30 a.m. PST.) In Juneau— Maximum, 59; minimum, 51. At Airport— Maximum, 59; minimum, 48. FORECAST (Joneau and Vieloity) Variable cloudiness with an occasional light rain shower | tonight and Thursday. Low- | ® est temperature tonight near 48. Highest Thursday near 63. PRECIPITATION (Past 2+ hours ending 7:30 a.m. today In Juneau — —46 inches; since July 1, .1.17 inches. At Airport .28 inches; since July 1, .49 Inches. ® ® 0 & v v s 0 0 0 WATER LINE DUTY FOR ACS CREWS AT MILE 11 In order to have water again as soon @as possible, all available ACS hands are hard at work re- pairing the 3-ineh water line at Mile 11. The ACS transmitter s located there, | ©ee0ccevc000000%00000008 000 ALASKA DEFENSES ARE WEAK; UNCLE . SAM ASLEEP AGAIY Fergus Hoffman Gives Tes- timony Before Senate Subcommittee WASHINGTON, July 13—(®—A Senate committee was told today that “Alaska is weak” and “Uncle Sam Is asleep in the North again.’ The statements were made by Fergus Hoffman, staff correspon- dent of the Seattle (Wash) Post- Intelligencer, who said he was assigned to make an investigation of the Territory’s defenses by the Hearst Newspapers. . In prepared testimony for the Senate Appropriat'ons subcommit- tee handling funds for the Armed Services, Hoffman said: “Military men are not exactly in |the most favorable position to tell the putlic the plain truth—that Alaska is in sorry shape, that de- fenses are not what they must be to be what their name implies." Hoffman urged that Alaska's de- fenses ‘be strengthened with more m'litary bases, the military be given more money to provide troops tc defend the bases it now holds, 2 rigid perimeter warning system be immediately established with main- tenance there of forces suffictent to repel any intruder. | Hoffman said the nation’s first ‘ne of defense in a transpoiar wal is in Alaska and that an enemy capturing foothold in the Terri- tory could attack large cities on the Pacific ccasi and farther in- land. Hoffman said the Russians persistently trying to collect formation about the Alaskan's fenses, " He sald Russia has detailed in- formation about Alaska derived from the days when Russian pilots came there to ferry American air- planes to Siberia and the European war fronts during the World War. Hoffman testified it might be wise to blow up a number of un- guarded and abandoned air bases in Alaska. He said it would be easy for Russia to make a surprise air invasion of Alaska and use these | World War II airfields as bases for attacks on the United States. Delegate Bartlett (D-Alaska) agreed with Hoffman that present U.S. military forces in the vast Territory are inadequate to meet a strong attack. With bases in Alaska, Bartlett sa’'d Russia or other major powers could “strike at the industrial heart (of America.” JACKIE ROBINSON WILL TESTIFY FOR AMERICAN NEGROES WASHINGTON, July 13—(®—A Jewish leader accused Negro singer Paul Robeson today of taking part in “a deliberate Communist con- spiracy .to inflameiracial and re- ligious minorities here against the United States.” The statement by Rabki Banja- min Schultz of New York, Execu- tive Director of the American Jewish League against Communism, was presented to the House Com- mittee on Un-American Activities. It was made public just after the committee received word that Jackie Robinson of the Brooklyn Dodgers Negro star, will be a week late in making his top-billed ap- pearance as a witness. The com- mittee had scheduled Robinson as lead-off man for a team of Negro witnesses to testify that most Americans of their race are loyal citizens. Committee aides said Robinson definitely will appear day. STEAMER MOVEMENTS Princess Louise scheduled to sal from Vancouver 8 tonight. Aleutian scheduled to sail from Seattle Saturday. | Princéss Kathleen . scheduled to jsnu from Vancouver 8 p. m. Satur- day. Princess Norah scheduled to ar- rive 8 a. m. Priday and salls south one hour later at 9 am. Baranof scheduled southbound on isundny, are de- in- next Mon- ALASKA EMPIRE “ALL THE NEWS ALL THE TIME” PRICE TEN CENTS Defenses Urged By Johnson BIG PLAN IS GIVEM CONGRESS Improvement of Bases Wanted, Home, Abroad, Alaska and Pacific WASHINGTON, July 13—P— Secretary of Defense Louis Johfi- son asked Congress today to ap- prove a $623,000,000 bill for mili- iary construction of the “utmost urgency” to improve bases at home and abroad. A statement from the Secretary was presented to the House Armed Service Committee by Eugene M. Zuckert, Assistant Air Secretary. It emphasized that almost a third of * the total would be spent for Alaska and Pacific defenses—more than $195,000,000, e, Zuckert also read a letter from Donald F. Carpenter, former Chairman of the Munitions Board,. who directed the worldwide study that produced the bill in final orm. “Particularly in Alaska and the Far East there exists a necessity Jor providing strong outposts,” Car- penter wrote. “Such facilities are necessary in accordance with the approved strategic plans of the joint Chiefs of Staff. The items listed are “of absolute necessity,” and their approval “is necessary at the earliest possible date.” The Armed Forces plan two more construction bills, Zuckert said, to ay plans for five years ahead. The next one will amount to about $200,000,000, he said, to carry the program through July 1, 1951; and the size of ‘the third has not been determined. MILITARY BILL HEARINGS OPEN BY HOUSE COM- New Construction Program Would Pour Millions Info Pacific, Alaska Defenses WASHINGTON, July 13—M— Hearings open today on a $623,- 000,000 military construction bill which would pour millions into the nation’s Alaska and Pacific de- fenses. The House Armed Bervices Com- mittee called witnesses on a giant Army, Air Force and Navy pro- gram to improve and enlarge bases around the world. ¢ Tucked away in it was perhaps the smallest proposed military pur- chase on record. One section would allow the Navy to buy a part ot the Oahu railroad in Hawaii for $1. A The bill would authorize the three services to spend approXi- mately $383,000,000 in this country and akout $240,000000 on bases abroad. It also would set up an unidentified $14,529,000 special weapons project for the Army. * No money would be made avajl- able by the bill. It would only grant the services permission to spend the money when they could get it. The actual money would have to be voted by Congress in a separate appropriation bill. g MILLIONS FOR ALASKA The bill would concentrate abou! $130,000000 worth of building by all three services in Alaska. This would include $46,720,000 for Fort Richardson, $12,645700 at Whittier, $34,956,200 at B'elson Air Force Base, $22,616000 for Navy | ccmmunication equipment at Adak, $2,548,000 for the Navy's base at Kodiak, $3,664,600 for Elmendorf Field at Fort Richardson, and $5,- 610,000 for Ladd Field at Fairtanks. The Navy would spend over $46,- 000,000 enlarging its base at Guam. The other large Pacific construc- tion would be on Okinawa, where the Army and Air Force would spend about $18,000,000. The bill would provide for build- ing family quarters, laboratories, test centers, and all other types of construction for military bases. It would cover such things as rocket research at Aberdeen, Md., Army Radiological’ Laboratories, sewer projects, submarine propul- sion testing, and undersea warfare school, firing ranges, testing diguid fuels, electronics research, storage facilities, and runway construction,