The Daily Alaska empire Newspaper, August 16, 1945, Page 3

THURSDAY, AUGUST 16, 1945 MATA HARI—Most glamorous of spies in what, during World War 1, was regarded as a seductive pose. By JOHN F. SEMBOWER Written for Central Press Asso- ciation and This Newspaper PRESIDENT TRUMAN'S com- nutation of the death sentences .f two captured German spies to life imprisonment, with the explana- tion’ that the ending of the Ge:- man war changed circumstances sufficiently to justify the lesser penalty, again focuses attention on the perplexing question of the status of military espionage in peace and war. In reducing the sentences, the president acted upon the advice ot the departments of justice and state, which in turn apparently followed the generally accepted in- ternational law on the subject. ‘The activities of spies were codi~ fied to a certain extent in 1907 when 44 nations participated in the Hague convention at The Hague in Holland. The Hague convention agreed| that a spy is anyone who during war obtains information clandes- tinely or under false pretenses in the zone of operations of a bel- ligerent for the purpose of com- municating it to the other party. If a spy is caught, he is liable to be shot, according to the con- vention. And the interpretation seems to have been added that if the war ends in the meantime, his ssntence will be reduced to a les- ser penalty. Exceptions Specifically exempted from clas- sification as spies are soldiers not in disguise who operate behind en- emy lines, soldiers or civilians who openly carry messages across en- emy lines, and members of aerial reconaissance. These are treated as'regular prisoners of war. e question of when a soldier is a spy and liable for the death penalty arose early in American history. Maj. John Andre of the British Army was .hanged in 1780 for his part in the Benedict Arnold treachery. Andre’s commanding officer, Gen.” Sir Henry Clinton, tried in vain to have him considered a prisoner of war rather than a spy, but the Americans had captured him wearing a civilian coat over his full uniform. Espionage is a time-honored cus- | tom of nations both in war and peace. It is written about in the Bible. Xenophon and Caesar com- mented on it. Oliver Cromwell in England and Cardinal Richelieu in France apparently first organized espionage in the 17th century along modern lines. Frederick the Great boasted that he was “always preceded by 100 spies.” Napoleon's espionage was some- times as successful in routing the enemy as his armies. It was paid for out of secret funds, and some of his agents, notably Schul- meister, received money from both sides. Schulmeister was particu- ‘arly prominent in the campaign ALASKA COASTAL IN MANY TRIPS Alaska Coastal Airlines flew the | following outgoing passengers yes- | terday in the late afternoon : | To Tenakee: J. H. Stoneman, H. | Leuise Stoneman and H. B. Stone- man, To Petersburg: Art Uggen and! John Carter . | o Hoonah: John DeChamplain. Fo Ketchikan: Al Coulter and | Charles McLean. | fo Wrangell: Sharron Bakke. Fo Hawk Inlet: Don Davis. _To Sitka: R. L. Peterson, Mrs. R.. L. Peterson, R.‘Mathews and Howard Stabby. Incoming passengers were the fol- lowing: 9. From Hawk Inlet: Benny Lopez and Eva Beverly. From Hoonah: Jimmy Johnnie. | From Tenakee: Carrol Hambach, Elizabeth Ward and Nulvih Ward. | From Ketchikan: H. J. Bruns,| Osaald Kranen and W. C. Stump. | From Petersburg: Ron Livingstone and W. E. Davenport. 1 From Sitka: R. P. Mollin, Laura | Adams, J. R. Sledge and R. L. Pet- | erson. | From Excursicn Inlet: Clif Thor- | gaard, Leonard Bindon, Albert Car- ver, Thomas Godsell, Vern Davis, Lt. Robt. McGuire and Oliver Sprad-| ling. | Early morning trips today flew | passengers to Excursion Inlet"and | Ketchikan. Those to Excursion Inlet: W. N. Engle, H. H. Ludington, C. E. THE SPY— His Way ()ut9 o SPY?—Nurse Edith Cavell, of 1805, and his wiles so confused the Austrian commander that h(" capitulated at Ulm. Spying is in the German tradli-| tion from the beginning. Prussian espionage was important in the| fighting that led to German uni-| fication. It has been es that Germany had at least spies in France in 1870, p the way for the French disaster i the Franco-Prussian war. Spying was very prominent |nI ‘World War I, apparently more s0| than in the present war unless se- | crets yet to be revealed prove otherwise. At the outset the Ger- mans made extensive use of their nationals in other countries. They represented themselves to| be Swiss, Belgian, or Luxem- bourgeois, and took jobs as do- mestic servants, hairdressers, farm workers, and commercial travel- lers, listening alertly for every scrap of information that was dropped in conversation, and pic ing up every piece of paper that might prove useful. World War II has produced no counterpart as yet for the pur-| portedly glamorous Mata-Hari, the | native of Dutch East India,~who was shot at Vincennes. Few Names Yet Numerous British, Belgians and | French paid with their lives. for acts of patriotic espionage, the mostly widely known being Nurse Edith Cavell, shot by the Germans for helping Allied prisoners, and Louisa de Bettignies, who died in prison after being similarly sen- tenced to death. Doubtless many members of the underground per- ished in the same manner in World War II, but few names have been singled out. The tricky Japanese have con- tributed their share to the sordid story of spying. Their prepara- tions for the Manchurian campaign in 1904-5 provided a classical pat- tern of intrigue and -sneaking Reduced Sentences Of German Agents Brings Up Question What the Japanese lacked in the way of cavalry during the Russc- Japanese war, then a vital part of military reconaissance, they made up for in spying by paia Chinese whom the Russians thought were natives. The manner in which Japanese “tourists” took snapshots of every- thing they could focus a camera on in this country prior to Pearl Harbor is another example of Nip- ponese espionage. Nations not at war continue to spy on each other, sometimes with disastrous effects on their friendly relations. France's notorious Drey- fus case involved such an iocident, the only issue being which French- man had been accepting bribes from the Germans to supply mili- tary information. Great Britain broke off diplo- matic relations with Soviet Russia after the police raid on Arcos, Ltd., in 1927, revealed Soviet es- pionage activity. Diplomats carry on what is known as “diplomatic espionage” in their search for in- formation and data interesting to their countries. When they go too far, they are asked to'leave It has long been recognized that cspionage and counter espionage are regurrent causes for interna- tional incidents. The Brusseis con- ference in 1874 considered Lhe matter, and the Hague eonference sought to adopt rules coveri:ig the practice. Diplomatic Action Penal measures, which during war-time generally involve the death penalty and in peace lesser penalties, are only part of the ef- forts to discourage and control espionage. Diplomatic action is re- sorted to, as in the British-Soviet incident of 1927. Nations in which spying i§ not so much a part of the national tradition have been forced to adopt measures of counter espionage to block and offset the efforts of spies. Outraged public opinion has played a role. It was hoped after World War I that the freer ex- change of statistical and technical information among the nations by the various divisions of the League ' of Nations would reduce the real or fancied need for spying of one nation on another, but the League failed to live up to expectations in this regard as well as in other respects. The development of a freer world press is believed to be one measure that will help to remove spying which is so dangercus to international goodwill and an ac- tivity which is undertaken with repugnance by nations that by their traditions recoil from under- cover, activity. As the United Nations begin to function as a peace-preservation agency, the matter of espionage may appear on the agenda for search for information. . Schrander, G. W. Pearce and Brodie Ernenwein. Viola Henry Togue, Mary Kingston, Ira W. Kelly, Mrs. Ira Kelly, Nathan Moore, E. M. Crittenden and Mrs. E. M. Crittenden. A QUARTER MILLION ESTIMATED (0ST OF COLD STORAGE ADD Topped by a quarter-million dol- lar application from the Austin Com- pany, contractors, for construction of the new addition to the Juneau ; Ccld Storage building, four build- * ing permits were issued here during ! the past week by City Engineer J. L. McNamara. Others were: L. M. Morris, for raising and re- mcdeling residence at 1008 West Tenth street, $2,000; R. A. Trafton, for repairs to exterior of residence at 808 Fifth street, $500, and to P e CARO TRANSFER HAULING and CRATING DIESEL, STOVE, CRUDE OIL Phone 344 Phone 344 SERVICE Christenson Bros. Garage 909 Twelfth St PIONE 659 early consideration. Ic,‘ | Heating Co., contractor. ! - - | COAL LOADER'S ,BIN SAVING | HAZARD, Ky.—Ben Johnson, | coal loader, lost his saving of $500. | Staticning himself at the bottom of |a coal chute at the tipple the next |day, he watclied the coal pour into |a railroad car. In the midst of the heap, out came his money. €Ak ERIFRYNERERZTERERNEIRNNNRIRIANLD | Brothers, for installation of H | an oil burner in the George Brothers To Ketchikan: John Prawl, Dr.| Market building on South Franklin | Garfield, Henry Kyllonen,!strzet, $950, Juneau Plumbing and a . (Formerly Harri chllil;o‘ Shop—Gift Dept.) RS RESOCHRIES SRR BARRCW ESKIMOS CELEBRATE WAR END WITH DANCE BARROW, Alaska, Aug. 16 — A prolenged blast of the siren bought to warn of possible Japanese air raids brought Eskimos of this most northerly Alaskan Arctic town news of the war’s end. Hunters quickly gathered in front of the church. Handed ammuni- tion stored for use against any enemy activity, they fired several volleys out over the iceberg-choked ceean. Then they gathered at the gchool and the radio gave details of the surrender. A big Eskimo dance was héld Tuesday night with music from drums made of walrus stomach linings stretched over driftwood hoops. Eskimos at home danced in the | auditorium of the native school to celebrate the end of the first war, with friends from islands nearby joining the frolic. - e MOTHER'S EFFORTS | OPENS PENITENTIARY GATES FOR HER SON CHICAGO, Aug. 16.—Joer Majc- lzek was back home today with his mother, who scrubbed floors for 11 years to win his freedom from un- just impriscnment and remove from him the misplaced stigma of mur- det A governor's pardon opened the |sates of Stateville penitentiary yes- |terday for the 37-year-old man who |since 1933 had been serving a 99- year scntenee. Gov. Dwight H. Green found him innnocent of the murder ¢f Policeman Wijiam Lundy {for which Majczek was convicted. | His relcase was the answer to the {tcil and prayers of his 57-year-old mcther, Mrs. Tillie Majczek, who be- a charwoman in a downtown raper, mortgaged her home and allotment' checks of another |son to raise $5,000 to prove Joe was | innocent. | Majezek's wrongly imposed punish- ment has not embittered him. *I |kncw that nobody escapes his share |t troubles,” he said. “What hap- (Fened te me was my portion. I re- |alize I'll never be able to find happi- 'ness if I start out with a grudge | against anybody. | “I want to get my hands on some iwork — and quick.” e { PAN AMERICAN TAKES 22 OUT Twenty-two passengers flew to Se- attle yesterday on a Pan American | Clipper, while the incoming clippe brought 23 incoming passengers to| | Juneau. | ‘Those arriving were: Yvonne Haw kins, Florence Stevens, Paul Schar- | penberg, Esther Scharpenberg, Ma | (ion Frehling, Jeanette Mumford,| Charlotte Mumford,Josephine Logan, | | Tennie Harris, Brodin Ernenwein, Francis Jucha, Merle Harries, Wil-| {l\am Logan, Ralph Peterson, Ole; | Ogren, Dr. Hazel Prentice, Esther| | Roberts, Richard Roberts, Wallace Roberts, Harry Malbin, William IEng]e. Charles Schrawder and Rob- | ert Davis. From, Fairbanks: and Ethel Westfall. Outgoing Seattle-bound passeng- ers were: Charles Wood, Ollie Wood, William Boeing, Helen Mayum, Clyde McCabe, Phyllis Miller, Maj. Leonard = Bindon, Vera Johnson, Hezel Loney, Chester Barr, Font Bonne, Monica Mellish, Ada Mac- Tavish, Helen Peterson, Donna Pet- erson, Anna Sturm, Floyd Chase, Willis Sharrar, Anker Steen, Fred- erick Forbusch, Louise Smith and Harriét Smith. To Whitehorse: Charles Good- brand and Charles Maugeri. To Fairbanks: George Steel, Roy Snyder and Zelda Syberson. — | NEW SON FOR WRUCKS Mr. and Mrs. Evan Wruck are the happy parents of a baby boy, born yesterday at St. Ann's Hos- . pital. Both mother and baby are reported doing nicely. | The baby, who weighed 6 pounds land 6 oumnces, joins an older sister and brother. The proud father is - with the Public Roads Administra- | | I | Jack Westfall T THE DAILY ALASKA EMPIRE— JUNEAU, ALASKA [ VETERANS' GUIDE By MAJOR THOMAS M. NIAL /ACHINGTON — I know an ex- re who was talking to th(" ccident of one of this town's largest banks the other day. He was tryir get a line on the reaction | of banks in general to the loan pro- vicions in the GI Bill of Rights. s a rough draft of the con- ion he had with the V. P. How many veterans come to you out the loan provisions of Public the ex-lsatherneck wanted to “You know the GI BilL.” il, we've had numerous re- for leans under that bill,” replied the V. P. How do most of the requests turn the next question. “Have ns been made?” ', the banker said. “A num- loans have been completed. » proportien of loans made is finitely small compared to the mber of requests we've had.” Wi th | Trk> a veteran who comes in here locking for a loan to start a small Lusiness. He has.very little capital behind him, if any. Ofter he doesn't | w anything about the particular veiness he wants the money for. Therefore, no experience. Now, of course, we'd like to set him up in busin>ss for himself. But, if the facts he is nct going to be able to ke a go of it, we can’t give him lee 1 We But d the meney. We're running a bank, nct a soup kitchen Besides, the government won’'t guarantee any part of a lot of wild loans.” the ex-marine in “In other words,” sald, “inexperience ne of the main re: down business loan: “Exactly,” he replied. And I might as well tall you this, too. If a man comes in here thoroughly qualified for a loan, we'd rather float it under scme other arrangement than that previded for in the GI Bill even though the interest tate will be high- r thon 4 per cant. Too much com- plication and too many details un- der the GI Bill provisions — enough drive a man to drink.” “But under certain conditions,” the veteran persisted, “doesn’t the GI Bill loan seetion make it possi- ble for a veteran to get a loan from u which he couldn't otherwise do?” “Aksclutely id the V. P. “A lot of these young men come back to civilian life with the educational equipment to run a husiness of their business is you turn cwn. But with the small pay they bave been getting in the service, they just haven't got the security tehind them to float the kind of | EETE HE IR ae “It's the Nicest Store in Town” Baranof Hotel Building EESANNEIAAANERY! RELESRTEEEEENRS e Leslie A. Stevens Public Accountant—Auditor Accouniing—Audits—Tax Service First National Bank Building TELEPHONE 36 s NUTS ot Your | SPANISH PEANUTS Swell for munching or cooking tion. 000000 WHY NOT HANG YOUR CHINA PLATES? g OUR HANGERS . . . Metal or Plastic . . . will accommodate five to eighteen inch plates. IEEIETREBELEERNEE sst L L L L ¥aTEEARENEENTRILI | | loan they need. The government guarantee of up to $2,000 may bo just enough to put the deal through That security, from our point of view, often makes the difference be- tween granting and not granting a loan.” “Then you think the loan provis- ions in the GI Bill are a benefit to us veterans?” “In some cases, definitely,” V.P. said. “But the thing has been built up in a crazy, misleading way. Possibly, the average ex-GI thinks he can walk into the nearest bank, present his discharge and walk out with $2,000 bucks, That's the way it's been publicized. Why, some veterans even think the govern- ment makes the loan.” See what he meant? It's not that way, Vet, and the sooner we N. C's. tnow civilians) and P.F.Cs. censo ed) find it out, the better for all of us. There's got to be some real and sound reason for a GI Bill loan —and the government doesn't make the loan anyway. It just guaran- tees part of it. D EXCURSIQN! M. S. Patricia will leave Ferry Float at 10 a. m,, Sunday, for Taku Glacier and Taku Harbor. Return to Juneau in evening. Bring your own sandwiches. Coffee supplied.’ Ten passengers, minimum. $5, tax included. Booking deadline Sat., 10 p. m. (Adv.) the ! g Helen Harper’'s . SWEATERS in SLIP-ONS and COAT STYLES SRRERRRRBEECEIRRRA. TR SRR RRRRRRR FAIRBANKS CLiMEL . Kenal HOMER MAKNEK ) 1 KOUIAK LRP S ANCHORAGE ~NEW LOW FARES- JUNEAU to ANCHOBAGE JUNEAU fo NOME . . . JUNEAU to BETHEL . . JUNEAU lo McGRATH . Corresponding Reductions'to All Intermediate Points ALSO REDUCED EXPRESS RATES BETWEEN ALL POINTS Federal Transportation Tax Not Included DC-3 EQUIPMENT PHONE 667 (2 | ALASKA AIRLINES | CTORY CAFE Now Open In Its New Location at fie ak; serve In‘y,mclplnm Full Course ORIENTAL DINNERS lfor Clean,}lh&lesomq Hong&liko Meals Dmp inat THE VICTORY CAFE NONA ROGERS—Proprietriess ) PAGE THREE ALL SIZES and COLORS . CORCOVA $ 70.00 120.00 120.00 100.00 STEWARDESS SERVICE BARANOF HOTEL FRANKLIN STREET Specializingin CHINESEFOQOD ... and HOME MADE PASTRY. CHICKEN and STEAKS FRIED