The Daily Alaska empire Newspaper, March 31, 1940, Page 15

25 RURAL SCHOOLS BUILT BY ALASKA IN FIVE- YEAR PROGRAM;GAINS OUTLINED By ANTHONY E. KARNES Territerial Coemmissioner of Education Correspondence Courses A review of several phases of the For several years the Commis- work carried on by the Territorial| sjoner of Education as well as mem- Department of Education revenls:bm,s of the Territorial Board of the fact that much progress has pqycation have seen the need for been made in many of these dur-| the education of the many pupils ing the past few years. It is the i, jsolated places where there are purpose of this article to give an not enough to establish a regular account of some of the work ac- or special school. The Board made | cemplished, and to state briefly 5 recommendation to the last Leg- some of our present problems. islature that it appropriate the sum Building Program of $8,000 to be used in purchasing The biennial report of this office | correspondence courses, but the for the period ending June 30, 1932, genate struck the item from the written by former Commissioner of |appropriation bill which had passed E ticn W. K. Keller, points out| the House. the need of new school buildings in| After the 17 schools had been of- many of our rural areas. He rec-|ficially turned over to the Office of ommended a total expenditure of Indian Affairs, consent was receiv- $48,200 for new buildings and addi-|ed from the Territorial Board of tions, If he had had an oppor- Education to use not to exceed $8.- tunity to visit more places during 0o during the present biennium his short term, no doubt, he would for the purpose of purchasing cor- have made this much larger; how- | respendence courses for children in ever, in spite of his recommenda-|isolated places and already courses tion of this amount, the 1933 Legis- | have been purchased for many pu- lature appropriated only $30,000 for | pils, this purpose. It was a godsend to There would; no doubt, be many our building program that Con-| mere pupils taking advantage of this gress made available large sums of | means of securing an education but Federal funds to aid in school|for the fact that a deposit fee of buildings, under the PWA, in 1933. [$20 is being required for enroll- Immediately after Congress made | ment. It was felt that unless some these funds available, your Com-|deposit fee was required many would missioner went to Washington, D.|request courses and make no effort C. and conferred with those in|to complete them. Under the pres- | charge of the PWA funds regarding |ent system the deposit insures that the requirements to be met by the parents and pupils will cooperate | | | | | essary treatments for minor ail- ments. Territory, and other matters per- THE DAILY ALASKA EMPIRE, SUNDAY, MARCH 31, 1940. Wide Variety in Alaskan “Little Red Schoolhouse” \ | | FISH FOUND IN taining to same. Application Made A hwrried survey of needs was made in the fall of 1933, and as a result, application was made | to the PWA for the sum of $175,500 | for the construction of 21 rural school buildings, and for a new building $50,000 In January was approved, and the full amount, a direct grant, was made available. After this first grant, it became necessary for the Territory, or a City costs of all school buildings, Go cent 24 Rural Schools the aid of these Federal With grants, .constructed 24 rural school buildings costing mnearly $200,000, more than half of which was paid from Fed- eral PWA funds. In addition to these buildings the Department has constructed one new rural seiiool building without Federal assistance and has assisted communities in the construction of three more, and purchased one building which had been erected for school purposes. During the same period, seven cities have constructed new school buildings, two have constructed au- ditoriums, tensive alterations and repairs. most instances, Federal PWA funds have been used to the extent of 45 per cent of a total of over. $550,000. Cceperation With Indian Office In 1933, the Department of Edu- cation began efforts to secure tui- tion from the Federal Government for the 1800 or more natives (with| one-quarter or more native blood) who were in attendance in the Ter- ritorial public schools, the cost to the | Territory being around $220,000 per | year. After several years of effort,| the Department of Interior finally advised the Department of Educa- tion that it could not pay such tui-| tion but could take over our schools | where the enroliment was predom- | inately native. | The Department of Education,| accordingly, in 1937, asked the Office | of Indian Affairs to take over 25l such schools, and that office added | a sufficient amount to .its budgeb’ then being prepared for Congress, | to take them over. The item, how- ever, was stricken by the Appropria- tions Committee in the House of Representatives. Transfer Completed In 1938, these efforts were repeat- | ed, the Department of Education asking the Office of Indian Affairs to take over 17 schools, all of which | were predominately native and in which there were 20 or more pupils | enrolled. Again the Office of In-| dian Affairs added to their budget a sufficient amount to take care of these schools, and Congress made | the appropriation, and the schools | were accordingly turned over to the Federal Government on July 1, 1939. This item alone is now saving the Territory around $73,000 per year, and this could not have been ac-| complished without the complete cooperation and efforts of the of-| ficials' of the Office of Indian Af- fairs. | This saving has made it possible for the Territorial Department of Education to open new schools where needed, as well as to provide correspondence courses for grade pupils in places where there are no schools existing and where there are too few pupils to establish a| school. The Indian Office has been co- operating in health matters also. For several years they have made it a practice to have their nurses and doctors stop at our schools when convenient and give our pu- pils medical examinations and pec- | building | at Nome, the same to cost| 1934, our application | . in case a City applied for PWA | funds, to furnish 55 per cent of the| the | vernment to furnish only 45 per| the Department of Educa-| tion has, during the past five years, | and two have made ex-| to complete the courses. When these |courses are completed the deposit fee is returned to them. Course of Study | For the past several years there has been a growing demand that a course of study for the grades as well as for the high school be either revised or rewritten. In May 1938, arrangements were made with Dr. |J. C. Ryan of the University of Al- aska to write a new course of study | for the grades and with the help of many superintendents and teach- ers this was completed during the late summer of 1939. The stencils Dr. Ryan’s office had prepared for the course were sent to the office of Commissioner of Education where 300 copies were run off and have now been distributed |to the several schools. Th course of study replaces the one printed in 1926. As yet no start has been made in writing a new course of study for high schools, but it is hoped that arrangements will soon be made and a new course will be ready within two years These then, are, we feel, the four major accomplishments of the De- partment of Education during the past few years; namely, a vast school | building program, cooperation of the Office, of Indian Affairs, provision \for correspondence courses, and | ccmpletion of a new course of study for the grades. | Needed Expansion In| | We feel that the above work has | not been completed. There are yet| more buildings to be constructed, |more schools that should be turned |over to the Office of Indian Affairs, more publicity given people in iso- lated areas regarding correspond- ence courses, and of course, the ele- mentary course of study will need to be revised from time to time. In addition, it may be said that our Territorial schools are very poorly supervised. |could give the proper supervision w the schools even though he gave {his full time to it, and with the Office of Commissioner of Educa- tion operating on an administrative cost of less than 2.3 per cent of the funds the office is obligated to dis-) burse (the average administrative cost in the Territorial offices is five per cent, and the Federal Govern- | ment allows from 7 to 10 per cent), the Commissioner of Education must | spend most of his time in the office. To supervise our schools properly there should be at least three su- pervisors added, one for the First Division, one for the Third Divis- ion and one for the Second and | Fourth Divisions. These supervis- ors, in addition to supervising No. one person | NEW SCHOOL BUILDING. SKAGWAY 'TEE HARBOR CHILDREN ATTEND SCHOOL IN WANIGAN | of canned salmon. | dered by hand work. | were fastened to the cans and they | ished product has been greatly creased. But more important | speed and care with which (i | ANTHONY E. KARNES | UNIQUE PLACES FAR FROM DISH The American people beautify themselves with fish, cover their | floors, paint their houses, and wear | ornaments made of materials se- cured from the seas and rivers of the nation, it is r aled in stu- dies by the Bureau of Fisheries into the utilization of by-products of the fisheries industry As a matter of fact, the | gations d, more fish went of manufacture in 1937 than appeared on the dinner table. A total of 2,100,000.000 pounds used in the production of by- products, as compared with 1,800,- 000,000 pounds used as food With the total output of fisheries byproducts already valued at $37- 000,000 ann ly, laberatory work, designed to widen the scope of uti- tion for products of the Amer- ican fisheries, forms an important feature of the conservation vi- ties of the Bureau. Even Linoleums investi- Soap, paints, varnish, linoleum, and leather products are some of the familiar articles produced with the aid of fish, the report points out, while sperm whale oil, con- LHI]HH’.: a wax known as “sperma- ceti,” is used in the production of | face creams. Porpoise and blackfish jaw oils | provide the most delicate and highly | | refined . ubricants - known. for use | in watches and chronometers. It | is said that there are not half n, | dozen men in the world who are ex- | perienced enough to separate lhesc: delicate oils into their proper com- mercial grades, and often the oil remains in tanks or casks as long as | two years before the skilful eye of | the refiner can determine to which | class it belongs. Fish-Scale Articles Popular Milady’s manicure set and mirror back once may have been swimming in the sea, along with the master’s fancy cane or knife handle, the | schools in their respective divisions, would assist in the revision and writ- ing of a course of study, assist in office matters, etc. This would bring our schools closer to the people and service could be rendered which has been so long neglected, and the ad- ministrative cost would then be only | about 4 per cent of the funds ap- propriated for school purposes. There are other needs, such as vocational education, but we believe | that the 1941 Legislature will make provmons for this important ser- | vice. investigations discovered. nce,” a by-product of for the manu- B!.xhlu Pe fish sc facture of these articles Under a process first discovered by a Frenchman in 1656 and devel- cped in An hen the World War cut off the source of European supply, more than 2,000,000 pounds of fish scales are yearly in this branch of manufactured fish- eries byproducts. With the herring fisheries and the Chess Bay alewife fisheries now providing the principal source of supply, po- tential fields for development of the “pear] essence” manufacture exist in the lifornia pilchard, Alaska herring, Great Lakes whitefish, and southern mullet fisheries Other Byproducts Valuable Liquid glue, employed extensively by bookbing photoengravers, and manufacturers of mucilage, court- plaster, labels, and stamps, formed another important feature in the fisheries byproduct field, a produc- tion of 442000 gallons valued at $908,000, being reported in 1937. A unigue product of the fisheries is isinglass, secured from the swim bladders of various species of fish Some of the isin s is used as a C]RHI\IH" agent wines, ciders, | and malt liquos are utilized as ingredients in glas and pottery cements and as a * |ing” for textiles. - SALMON POT 4 tablespoons butter 1 tablespoon minced 6 tablespoons flour 1 cup salmon juice 1% cups milk 1 teaspoon salt tablespoon lemon paprika cup diced cooked celery cup new peas, cooked cups (1 pound) Salmon Melt butter. minutes, then mon juice and stirring until nerica for PIE onion and water juice, dash add onion stir in flour, sal- water, milk. Cook, thick and smooth. Add seasonings, celery, peas, and salmon broken into large pieces. Pour into a casserole and top wlm biscuit dough rolled thin and cut| in fancy shapes. Bake in hot oven | (400°F.) about 20 to 30 minutes, or until crust is nicely browned. Buttered bread strips may replace biscuit dough if desired; in which case, bake until bread is toasted ! crisp. Serves 6. -A Modern Alaska School B uilding NEW GRADE SCHOOL AT ANCHORAGE 'NEW FISH LAB | other , while other grades | that READY NOW AT PORT WALTER - Wier and Plant Will Be Used to Study 1940 Salmon Run A new research laboratory at Lit- tle Port Walter recently was com- pleted by the Bureau of Fisheries| and will be ion this year, The pr in addition | to the laboratory, a dwelling which will house the four men to be st tioned there permanently and a wier across the river which drains ashin Lake The wier a dam-like structure 50 feet lor feet high and wide enot to permit crossing. A head- gate in the center of the wier is so constructed that may be placed in it to obtain specimens of marine life and to control the num- ber of fish that pass into the river from the sea. A CCC crew of 15 men assisted the Bureau in construction work. To Study Salmon Principal purpose of the re. laboratory is to study the of the salmon during the season and (o determine, among things, the number of fish a definite ea of waler can accommodate in respect to food and other factors, during a season This particular river is especially ited to this purpose and to mor tensive types of marine research | because of the wide variety of ocean lxro inhabiting the mouth of the river in lower Chatham Strait. - The Russian. fur trade in Alaska began in 1786 with the discovery of is screens search habits pawning | the Seal Islands. Canned| Cook two | OILHEAT NEW FEATURES In Comfort and Economy The Century Model J exclusively offers you Floating Flame that burns the cheaper grades of fuel ofl without noise, smoke, or fuel wi Even-Flo combustion for best performance, and the mnew Century fuel unit that prevents tank hum and pump chatter. Of couirse there are dozens of other refinements, t00. @ Century Automatic Oil Heat also available in Warm ing Furnace — Do« SANITARY PL BILL NIEM 222 Willoughby Av The CENTURY ENGIN VETERAN BUILDERS OF DOLLY VARDEN ~ REMOVEDFROM © MARKET LISTS Commerclal Trouf Flshmg | in Southeast Alaska ‘ Now Prohibited Commerccial nxhum for all trout| will be prohibited in 1940 in South- east Alaska, according to the new | fisheries regulations. Taking of any trout commercially. cutthroat, rainbow or Dolly Varden had been permitted prior to 1935 in which year all trout other than Dolly Varden fell under restriction| laws. The new regulation taking| Dolly Varden from the commercial| s in Southeast Alaska prohibits| taking of any trout commercially |in Southeast Alaska. | In recent years there has been an | increasing commercialization of Dul- |1y varden fishing in Southeast a with a number of Pewnbuxg and Wrangell residents, principally, engaging in the seining of Dolly Varden at stream mouths in the (spring. for fresh shipment to Se- | aitle markets Sports fishermen haa ralsed con- ple protest against the prac- on the grounds that cutthroat, and rainbow | side tice steelhead | As the 1940 regulations now stand, |the only commercial Dolly Varden areas remaining open are from Yak- utat to the Westward, out of which areas little trouf has been shipped commerciall; - — | confirmation of the treaty for | the purchase of Alaska was OpPpos- ;u! bitterly in Congress in 1867 by | the Hon. C. C. Washburn, a mem- I ber from Wisconsin. When you install Cen- tury Automatic Oil Heat, the room thermo- stat does all furnace firing for you. It main- tains an even, comfort- able temperature al- ways. You can convert present coal-fired fur- nace or boiler with the Cen- tury Model J burner for so Ilttle, you need no longer be without this _comfort .and convenience. Many Century users say it actually costs less than coal. PLUMBING Sheet Metal Works UMBING SHOP I, Proprietor your Phone 788 Juneau EERING CORP . FINE BURNEKS CEDAR APIDS. 1 QiL — | retorts, | the introduction of the * trout also| | were taken in the Dolly Varden nets. | Modern (anning Process Far Cry from Early Day Ataska Satmon Methods wmrhwmhze more fully the fishery re- Alaska’s canned salmon, has won world-wide fame for it8| .00 tastiness and . nutritional values, | Vacuum Machine Used is today a product of a mechanized More recently the vacuum ma= industry which contrasts sharply \ chine replaced the steam boat meth- with the operation which produced‘od of obtalning a vacuum in the the first commercially canned Al-| cans. This machine added speed aska fish 62 yéars ago at K]n\ux*k‘ to the canning operations, and &lso on Prince of Wales Islafid. | reduced the cannery space required. During the summer of 1878, M“ Latest developments to step up the aska’s two operating salmon can- | speed of the canning process has neries produced “b‘{"‘ 8,000 “aifllbnen the high speed filler machine. Virtually the en- | rpjc modern machine fills 160 cans performed bY|,or minute, four times the speed »f older methods, and the works manship of the fillers is greatly improved. speed With a Purpose Speed in getting the salmon from he sen into'the can has been the » 0f the mechanical changes dustry through its 62 years. liver to consumers everywhere 1 grade product that will win ed customers, quality is nec- nd speed in canning means tire operation hand. The fish heads, tails and fins were removed by hand labor. The fish were opened and cleaned by hand They were cut into the proper ler to fill the cans which had been previously cut out, rolled, and The was top: n the were placed in the cooker. To d Machinery Does Work Today, high speed machinery does most of this, work." The capaci of the canneries to produce the fin nery has also enabled cans produce an absolutely sani= roduot cannec salmon from Al= eri shows almost as improvement from -its of 1878 as does the which the canned sal= ary b < Tod: quality of canned salmor to the consumer has bee: urably improved be at an ounterpart ‘ by s | | TALMON DISHES ADVERTISED WITH OTHER PRODUCTS Since the sglmon canning indus- ry started its nation-wide advers tising campaign on canned salmon more than four years azo, canned salmon has won such wide attene tion as a nutritious and economical food that it has been featured as an ingredient in many dishes ad- vertised by manufacturcrs of other foodstuffs. Among these cooperating manu- facturers are General Mills, Inc. Pet Milk Company, Best Foods, Knox Gelatine, Kraft Cheese Comi- mon is now progressed, from fishing boat through to i improveme industry Iron Chink in 1903. This machine, which wou its name because it performed ‘he labor formerly done by Chinese hand labor, prepared and cleaned the sal- non before canning. Fresh From Sea The salmon, fresh from the sea |goes into this machine which cuts |off the head, tail, fins, slits the | fish open, and removes the viscera. | This machine has stepped up the speed with which the salmon could |be handled. It not only introduced a cleaner, more sanitary method of canning, but it improved the quality |of the finished product by cutting ‘down the length of time required for ‘vannlng. Next step to add to the speed and The first major the salmon canning 'l efficiency of the industry in sup-=Pany, French’s Mustard, Mueller's Macaroni, Pillsbury Flour, Cali- fornia Fruit Growers Exchange, Wisconsin butter producers and Hawalian pineapple producers. plying a high quality product to the | consumer was the introduction of |the pre-formed or collapsed can. | These cans, now manufactured at | the rate of more than 300 a minute, T R ST | veplaced the hand made cans which In 1856, Lieut. William |were so tediously produced. They|U. S. N., commanding the schooner contributed to establishing the in-|“Fenimore Cooper,” made surveyd dubtry on a basis where it could/along the Aleutian Islands. iIIIllIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMlIllllllIIIIIlllllIllllIIIIIlllllllllllIIIlllllllllllllmlllllllIIIII - § ALASKA’S MOST | POPULAR BRANDS Canadian Club — TEN HIGH Meadowbrook - Signet - Royal Oak - Turn Seal - Five 0'Clock Gin - London Dry Gin - Old Plaid - G. & W. Blends Distributed Exclusively By Fleischmann's Gins Black & White Royal Club Scetch Clipper Rum Gianinini Wines Italian Swiss Colony Wines Schlitz Beer ALASKA DISTRIBUTORS INC. SEATTLE