Cottonwood Chronicle Newspaper, August 29, 1919, Page 5

ee eS LEAGUE FULFILS AMERICAN IDEAL Herbert Hoover Says Democra- cies Replaced Autocracies at Our Bidding. FOOD ADMINISTRATION CHIEF. Urges Ratification on Peace Ground That Treaty Will Collapse Without League of Nations, Herbert Hoover is so deeply con- cerned over the opposition to the League of Nations in the United States that he has let himself be in- terviewed at length on the League sit- uation, In a talk with the New York Times correspondent in Paris, the Food Administration Chief asserts that having caused the League idea to pre- vail America cannot abandon it. We cannot withdraw, he says, and leave Europe to chaos. “To abandon the League Covenant now means that the treaty itself will collapse.” Mr. Hoover's wide acquaintance with conditions both here and abroad, his reputation as an administrator, a man of great affairs who deals with facts, not theories, make his state- ment one of the most important con- tributions to the recent League discus- sions. “There are one or two points in con- nectlon with the present treaty,” sald Mr. Hoover, “that need careful consid- eration by the American public. We need to digest the fact that we have for a century and a half been advo- cating democracy not only as a remedy for the internal ills of all so- ciety, but also as the only real safe- guard against war. We have believed and proclaimed, in season and out, that a world in which there was a free expression and enforcement of the will of the majority was the real basis of government, was essential for the advancement of civilization, and that we have proved its enormous hu- tan benefits in our country, American Ideas Have Prevailed, “We went Into the war to destroy autocracy as a menace to our own and all other democracies. If we had not come into the war every inch of Euro- pean soil today would be under auto: sratic government. We have imposed our will on the world, Out of this victory has come the destruction of the four great autocracies in Ger- many, Russia, Turkey and Austria and the little autocracy in Greece. New democracies have sprung into being in Poland, Finland, Letvia, Lithuania, Esthonia, Czechoslovakia, Greater Serbia, Greece, Siberia, and even Ger- many and Austria have established democratic governments, Beyond these a host of small republics, such as Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan and others, have sprung up, and again as a result of this great world movement the constitutions of Spain, Rumania, and even England, have made a final ascent to complete franchise and de- mocracy, although they still malntain & symbol of royalty, “We have been the living spring for this last century and half from which these ideas have sprung, and we have triumphed, The world today, except tor a comparatively few reactionary and communistic autocracies, is dem- oeratic, and we did it. “A man who takes a wife and blesses the world with several infants cannot go away and leave them on the claim that there was no legal mar- clage. “These infant democracies all have political, social and economic prob- lems involving their nelghbors that are fraught with the most intense friction. There are no natural bound- aries in Europe. Races are not com- pact; they blend at every border, They need railway communication and. sea outlets through their neighbors’ terrl- tory. “Many of these states must for the next few years siruggle almost for bare bones to maintain their very existence. Every one of them Is go- ng to do its best; to protect its own interests, even to the prejudice of ita aeighbors, Governments Lack Experlence. “We in America should realize that demoeracy, as a stable form of govern- ment as we know It, is possible only with highly educated populations and a large force of men who are capable of government. Few of the men who compose these governments have had any actual experience at governing and their populations are woefully il- literate. ‘ “They will require a generation of actual national fe in peace to de- velop free education and skill in goy- ernment, “Unless these countries have a guid- ing hand and referee in their quarrels, a court of appeals for their wrongs, this Europe will go back to chaos, If there is such an institution, rep- resenting the public opinion of the world, and able to exert Its authority, they will grow into stability. We can- not turn back now. “There 1s another point which also heeds emphasis. World treaties hith- erto have always been based on the theory of a balance of power. Strong- er races have been set up to dominate the weaker, partly with a view to maintaining stability and to a greater degree with a view to maintaining oc- cupations and positions for the re- actionaries of the world, “The balance of power {s born of armies and navies, aristocracies, autocracies, and reactionaries general- ly, who can find employment and domination in these institutions, and treaties founded on this basis have established stability after each great war for a shorter or longer time, but hever more than a generation. “America ‘came forward with a new idea, and we insisted upon its injec- tion into this peace conference, We claimed that it was possible to set up such a piece of machinery with | such authority that the balance of power could be abandoned as a relic of the middle ages. We compelled an ; entire construction of this treaty and every word and line in it to bend to this idea, “Outside of the League of Nations the treaty itself has many deficiencies, | It represents compromises between | many men and between many selfish interests, and these very compromises | and deficiencies are multiplied by the many new nations that have entered | upon its signature, and the very safety of the treaty itself lies in a court of appeal for the remedy of wrongs in the treaty. Benefits of the League, “One thing is certain, There fs no body of human beings so wise that a treaty could be made that would not | develop injustice and prove to have been wrong in some particulars, As the covenant stands today there is a place at whTch redress can be found and through which the good-will of the world can be enforced. The very machinery by which the treaty is to | be executed, and scores of points yet to be solved, which have been referred to the League of Nations as a method of securing more mature Judgment in a less heated atmosphere, justifies the creation of the League. “To abandon the covenant now means that the treaty itself will col- lapse. “It would take the exposure of but» a few documents at my hand to prove that I had been the most reluctant of Americans to become Involved in this situation in Europe. But having gopve in with our eyes open and with a de- rest of the world from the dangers that surrounded us, we cannot now pull back from the job. It is no use to hold a great revival and then go away leaving a church for continued services half done. “We have succeeded In a most ex- traordinary degree in Imposing upon Europe the complete conviction that we are absolutely disinterested. The consequence is that there Is scarcely | A man, woman or child who can read In Europe that does not look to the United States as the ultimate source from which they must recelve assur- ances and guardianship tn the liberties which they have now secured after go many generations of struggle. “This is not a problem of protecting the big nations, for the few that re- main can well look after themselves, What we have done is to set up @ score of little democracies, and if the American people could visualize their | handiwork they would insist with te same determination that they did @ 1917 that our government process.” Get the news; subscribe for the Chronicle termination to free ourselves and the | it was true and therefore { ment within the meaning of FORD CLEARED: NOT ANARCHIST JURY IN FAMOUS LIBEL SUIT FINDS FOR PLAINTIFF AND DECLARES TRIBUNE GUILTY. DELIBERATE TEN HOURS Farmer Jury Which Has Spent Three Months In Court Is Out Ten Hours and Then Finds Paper Guilty of Libel. Mt. Clemens, Mich.—Henry Ford is not an anarchist! A jury of 12 farmers have said so by their verdict, in which they found The Chicago Tribune guilty of libel when it attached that stigma to the name of the great manufacturer. “We find the Chicago Tribune guilty and attach a verdict of six cents.” This sentence from the foreman of the jury which for three months has listened to the most famous case of its kind in history and which debated more than 10 hours before it arrived at its conclusion, were the lines of the final act in the dramatic event which has attracted the attention of the entire country, Henry Ford himself was not in court to share in the triumph. He was in the New Hampshire woods with his friends, Thomas Edison and John Burroughs, Judge Alfred J. Murphy of Mr. Ford's counsel made a forma! statement for his piincipal: “Ford Is Vindicated.” “The important issue has been de termined,” said Judge Murphy. “Money damages were not sought by Mr. Ford. He stands not only vindicated but his HENRY FORD attitude as an American citizen has been justified after a trial which raised every issue against him that ingenuity and research could invent.” Outside the courthouse crowds had gathered during the evening hours to await news of the jury which had been closeted in conference since morning As the courtroom emptied after the announcement of thé verdict and the news of the decision rendered spread, cheer after cheer broke forth and a band, returning from a picnic, stopped to add its brass notes to the din. There was a tense moment when the jurors filed into the box for the last time. Their foreman, in a voice shaking with the emotions of the moment, spoke in such a low tone that he could scarcely be heard. The clerk read back the formal verdict: “You do say upon your oath that the said defendant The Tribune com- pany, is guilty in the manner and form as the said plaintiff hath in his declaration in this case complained against him and you assess the dam- ages of the said plaintiff on occasion of the premises over and above his costs and charges by him about this suit and in his behalf expended, at the sum of six cents damages,” The editorial in which The Tribune attacked Henry Ford and branded him as an anarchist was printed in 1916. The case has been fought through several courts on one point or another ever since, finally arriving through a change of venue asked by The Tribune in Mt. Clemens. The charge which Judge Tucker made to the jury dealt mainly with the laws of libel and contained among others, the following points: “The Tribune claims that they care- fully inquired as to what Mr. Ford’s attitude was going to be as to the care of his men who joined the na- tional guard and that they based the editorial characterizing him as an anarchist on that information. They admit the publication and insist that justified; and that even if not true it was fair comment upon a matter of public in- terest, either of which defenses are sufficient if proven true. The burden, however, is upon the defense when they attempt to make either of the de- fenses mentioned. They must estab- lish either the truth of the charge they made, or that it was fair com. that term. “a newspaper has the same right as an individual to its opinions and convictions—no more and no less.” The court further informed the jury that if they found that the charge was untrue they must find for the plaintiff. He declared that there was nothing ambiguous about the editorial. It called Mr. Ford an anarchist and the only way the defendant could escape being found guilty of libel was to prove that charge. He said further that the jury must accept the popular conception of the meaning of the term “anarchist.” Counsel for The Chicago Tribune made no effort to appeal the case and wocepted the verdict as it stood, Exaggeration There’s a story that told, of a fisherman bold Who went angling one fine summer day; Some minnes he poled, and straightway he told, Of the big one that just got away. There’s one place you're always sure of a catch, Of the biggest and best without number; It’s here you should come without doubt or delay. When angling for bargains in lumber. : WE HAVE NO NEED TO EXAGGERATE THE MERITS OF OUR LUMBEER IT IS OF SUCH GENUINELY HIGH QUALITY, IN FACT, THAT THE VERY BEST WE COULD SAY ABOUT IT WOULD BE NO EXAGGERATION. 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