Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 4, 1881, Page 4

aw CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, DECEMBER 4, 18SI—TWENTY PAGES, “She Crifame. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BY MAW—IN_ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID. y, Thursday, and Saiurday, per year. Monday, Wednesday, und Friday. per yeu! Sunday, 26-paze edliton, per year... WEEKLY EDITION—VOSTTAID. Qne cops, per year. ind af tive... ‘Swenty-one copies. Specimen cuples sent trev. 8 Give Posi-Uilive address to full, including County and State. Eemiuances may bo made either by Craft express, Post-Ofice order. or In registered letter, at our risk. WO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Dally,delivercd, Sunday excepted, 23 cents per week. Vaily, delivered, Sundar included, 380 cents per week, Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearborn-sis., Chicago, Il. —————at POSTAG: Entered at the Post-Ofice at Chicago. UL, as Secona- ‘ Class Mutter. For the benefit of our patrons who desire to send single copies of THE TEIBUNZ thruuch the mall, we gave herewith the transient rave of postaze: Foreign andl Domestic. Per Copy. d fouricen jaze paper. cents. twelve, and fourieen paxe pai coats. 74 cents. Eight. ten, Beteh clinton, und twenty pace paper. ‘Twenty-two and twenty-four pace papel y —— - TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. Tus Cricaco THIBCNE ‘has established Branch offices for the receipt of subscriptions und advertise~ wentsas follows: NEW YORK—Room 3 Tribune Building. ¥.T. Mc- FADDEN, Manager. 3 GLASGUW, Scorland—Allan's American News “Agency. a1 Renteld-st. \, Eug—American Exchanze, 49 Strand Agent. CHIE street, ment of dues. also be held the same even~ ingen meeting of the corporate body. Members are Routed to atiend. The drill corps will assemble Monday evening. Dec. 5, IssL at 7:3), for drill. By orderof the Eminent Command, ' q fic. TIFFANY, Recorder. . & THOMAS J. TURNER LODGE. NO. 48. A. ‘A. M—Special communteation Thursday afternoon, ‘Dec. 5, i581, st 4:83 p. a. Hexuinr communication ‘Shareday evening, Dec. &, 18s}, nt 7:3) pm, sharp: impurtait work. |All” members requested to be vi a, present, Visitors cordially inrited. ors Ww. at, W. M. STANTON, Secretary. CLEVELAND LODGE, NO. 211, ALF. & A. M— ‘There will be a special communication of this lodce neldow Thursday evening, the 8th instant. A tall Ailendance of members Is requested Master ‘Masons a ted to attend. ‘of sister lodges are inv! trend. ae jecretary. WILLIAM E. HOLMES, LAFAYETTE CHAPTEI, NO.2 R.A. Special convocation Monday evening, Dec. 5, at 7: o'clock, Yor working the Counci! Dezrees. ‘The members who have not taken them are requested toatiend. Visitors He if welcome, Br order, K. FORSYTH, ME. IEP. WM. K. WM. J. BRYAR, Secretary. RICHARD COLE L.0DGE, NO. er, F. & A.M— Annual communication for the election of oficers ‘And payment of dues Thursday evening, Dec. 8,a07:90 “Every member expecied 0 auend. Be order . v1 JOHNS’ We Mt CHARLES A. MATTHAY, Secretary. 01 ORIENTAL LODGE. NO. 33, A. F. & A. M.—Specials will be held Thursday and Friday evenings, Dec. 3 2ne3, for impo rene Wis Bs purer are requested wo resent at 7 p. m. st he tors Wel a. g Dem. shal. G. BEECHER, W. M. CHARLES CATLIN, Secretary. BLAIR LODGE, NO 383, A. F. & A. M.—REGULAR communication Monday’ evening, Dec. 6 at Free- mason’s Hall, % Monroe-st. important business snd work. Visitors cordially invited. By order of MM. H. BUZZELL, Secretary. We. WASHINGTON CBAPTER, Nu. 4 2. A. M— Special. convocation Friday’ evening, Dec. "8, BSL for work on the 1 Areh Degree: Visiting companions welcome: tall umes. By order of * <SIUHPHY, M. E.R. P. CHAS. C. DOULITLE, secretary. ANNUAL, COMMUNICATION OF NATIONAL Jadge. AF, & A, A, Tuesday evening, Dec 6. tor the election of officers und parment of dues. at thelr hall, corner of Handoiph und Halsted-sts.. By order of. a. W. OSTRANDER, W.M. .. A.B. STILES, Seeretai REGULAL, COMMUNICATION OF LANDMARK Lodge, No. 2 AW FS & AM. Friday, Dee 9 at 7:8 Visiting brethren cordially invited. | iy order of ~ H.R. ROTHWELL, W. M. M. HARRIS, Secretary. CORINTHIAN CHAPTER, No, 69; It A. M.—Special Convocation Monday, Dec. 5. at 3:9) p. ma, Work on Die Royal Arch Degrée. ‘The oficers and members of abe ceeeg As So uence order o! ¥ v. N IN, a “4.0. DICKERSON, Secretary. ST. BERNARD COMMANDERY, No. 35, K. T.—An-. nus! Conclave Wednesday evening, Dec. o'clock, for the election und instailation of officers and parment Of uss Sp) Ms CABS, Command 5.0, DICKERSON, 3 sai Fess ecordi GAHFIELD LODGE. OG ALF. & AL BM Regular communication in thelr ball, corner of W: evening.Dec. 6 at Madison and Rovey-st,Tuesday o'clock sharp. Leports of Trexsurer and Secretary. DOUGLASS, Secretary. CHICAGO COMMANDERY No. KNIGH’ TEMPLAR—Statea Conclave sigudur denniee One 5, 1581, at ‘o'clock tor business, Visiting S! Enights always welcome. By onder of BOND, ea DAVID GOODMAN, Recorder. = G., CHEVALIER BAYARD COMMANDERY, NO. 52, of Knights Templar—The antual Conclave for the election of oftcers and other business will be held at8p.m.on Thursday, Dec. & Visiting Knights wel- come. By orderuf the K. Commander. : HENRY G RANNEY, Recorder. rs 5 CHICAGO CHAPTER, NO. 127, R. A. M,—Hall 144 ‘Twents-second-st.—Annual Convocation Wednesday Jor election of oficers and payment or dues. DG. HAMILTON, BP. nt event ELI COVENANT LODGE FO. 5% F. & A. M.—Special commuulcation of above lodge will be held atCo- Tintin Hall, 18; East Kinzle-stFriday evening. Dec. & nt 7:d/o'cluek, for important work. Visiting Master rdialiyinyited By order. - WALT, Secretary. HUGH MASON, | HOME. 416, L. 0. O. F.—Members of above lod are hereby notified that the semi-annual election Se gfivera will take place Monduy evening, Dec. 5. full attendance is requested. Gave! sounds at 3 sharp. HANDLER, Secre! GEO. APPOLLO COMMANDERY DRILL Corps.— Members are, notitied to appear for ‘drill Monday evening atSo'clock sharp. By order of the Captain. ASHLAR LODGE, NO. 308, A. F. & A. M,—Regu- lor mecting ‘Tuesday evening. Dec. & for business and Work. ‘The fraternity cordialiy invited. Halt 7 Mon- Toe-st. U. HL CRANE, Secretary. ‘SUNDAY, DECEMBER 4, 188L Oven 500 vessels of all kinds are now in winter quarters at this port, the largestnum- ber ever before laid up here. Quite a uum- ber more are on their way here to winter. Tur stockholders of the Keely Motor Com- pany have brought suit to compel Keely to take out-a patent on his invention, and to turn over the patent and the secret-of the in- vention to them; also such machines as he may have in his possession. Tne K-nedom of Roumania has suddenly. opened up a quarrel with Austria over the * question of the supervision of navigatiop on the lower Danube, and Austria has suspend- ed diplomatic ‘relations with Roumania in consequence. Jt seems strange that a power so insignificant -as Roumania should incur the serious displeasure of so great an empire unless it nas material pros- pect of support from a throne not less potent than that of the Czar. Ges. Keren, of Ghio} was yesterday nom- inated by the Republican Congressional caucus for Speaker. of the House of Repre- sentatives, His principal competitors were lLliscock, Kasson, Orth, Bur- rows, Dunnell, and Reed. The nomina- tion of Keifer was due to the manipulations of Senator Cameron, of Pennsylvania, and the defeat of Hiscock was in revenge for his vpposition to Gen. Grant in the Chicago Con- vention in June, 1880. The small vote ob- tained by Mr. Kasson (20) was. probably due to the selfish treachery of Mr. Hiscock, Mr. Every Sionns testified yesterday in y the Guiteau case that he believed the assasin was tully responsible for his acts. This declaration, so damaging to the. inter- ests of the , defense, whose witness Mr. Storrs was, greatly excited the sister of -the prisoner. She openly declared. that Mr. Storrs had perjured him- selt, Vice-President Davis, an unwilling wiiness, stated that he knew nothing wuatever -of Guiteau,’ and . very -little Fs | the following vo! Repubiican party. He considered . the.. character of his own examination extraordinary. Upon re- tiring he’ was assured. by Mr. Scovilie that the reason which prompted. his enforced. ap- pearance would be made clear in the closing speech for the defense. regarding the ‘Tye opinion of Guiteau’s sanity given un- der oath yesterday by Mr. Emery A Storrs, of this city, is in. close correspondence with the opinion formed by nearly every one who. has reflected upon the subject. Here is what gee 4 said he “never Upon cross-examination witness said he "neve saw anything In Guiteau to indicate that he could not distinguish between rizbt anv wrong.” Never suw anything In the conduct of the prisoner that would indieate that be did uot know the diifer- ence between guilt and innocence. -Never saw anything to indicate that he would not be re- sponsible for crime. Guiteau’s whole course during the trial attests to the correctness of Storrs’ opinion. KEIFER NOMINATED FOR SPEAKER. Mr. Keifer, of Ohio, was nominated for Speaker in the Republican caucus at Wash- ington yesterday on the sixteenth ballot, by. Keifer. Hiiscoc 4 Kasson. 10] Duanell Reed... 1] Necessary to a cnolce. J. Ilyatt Smith, the Independent member from New York, entered the caucus, and will be bound by the result. The Republicans will, with his vote, have a clear majority over all, and the Greenback ‘balance of power” will be destroyed. Five of the eight Green- backers will vote with the Republicans, if not in the election of Speaker, on alinost all other party questions. Keifer owes his success to acombination of forces the want of any one of which might have defeated him. He was a member of the Iast House and had the favor of many new members who have come into public life since Kasson and Orth were prominent. in Congress. Moreover, he was a Western man. Hiscock, of New York, had more votes pledged prior to July 2 than any other candidate, But he was unable to hold them. after New York succeeded to the Presi- dency and the Secretaryship of the Tréasury. The feeling against consolidating all the great oflices of the Goyernment in the hands of citizens of one State was too much for Wiseock. He was not only a New York ian. but he was the wrong kind of a New York man. He incurred the enmity of the Conk- lingites in the late New York Convention, and Cameron opposed him out of love for Conkling. . Ivis said that the Administration threw its influence in favor of Keifer; and the concen- tration of the Southern Republican votes on him was due to the known or implied wishes of the President. By theaction of the South- ern members he became the most prominent of the Western candidates, and his ultimate success was assured. What other combina- tions he made cannot be surety told, but they may be easily imagined. His bid for the yote of Pennsylvania and that of the prohivitory tariff men generally was prob- ably better than that’of any other candidate, and his friends may have made a special ap- peal for him as an heir to the political estate of Garfield. However this may be, there is no occasion to distrust the perfect straightforwardness of Mr. Keifer himself. He willdo his best in the Speaker’s chair at all times; and, though he had not the cordial support of any Republicans outside of his own State in the beginning of his canvass, he will be entitled to itin the House. 1f heshowshalf as much skill in the Speaker's chairas he did in the management of his canvass, there will be no complaint of a want of shrewdness on his part in the discharge of the duties of his new and trying office. ILLINOIS JUSTICE AND LESSER FRIED- BERG. Amember of the Chicago police force— and one of its best and bravest—named Race, was killed while attempting to make an arrest Oct. 4, 1878. The man who killed him was a thief. “The shooting took place in front of the pawnshop of a professional re- eciver of stolen goods, Lesser Friedberg, where a band of thieves had been caught in the act of disposing of their plunder. Part of the stolen goods were recovered within the pawnshop, in the actual possession of the > pawnbroker, and hidden. The robbers were .fully identified. in the act of carrying in the rest of their loot, consisting of silks, laces, and other rich stuffs, when the officer interfered and was shot by one of the gang. The goods were It was shown that the pawnbroker had perfect knowledge that they were stolen, and several witnesses tes- tified that he instigated and planned the rob- bery. He was a regular thieves’ “fence.” Here was one of the clearest cases of re- ceiving stolen goods that ever was made. It was morally impossible that Lesser Friedberg should have reccived these goods innocently. ‘The concealment of the property was alone sufficient evidence that he knew it had been unlawfully obtained. But there was other proof. The character of the men who brought the articles established a violent presumption against their having come honestly into the possession of anything of value, much less of a large quantity of silks and laces. If they had, they would not have offered to sell them at such a disreputable place as Friedberg kept, nor for the price a pawnbroker com- monly offers; nor would they have broughy the goods loose in an express wagon to the door, nor chosen an hour after dark, as they did, for an honest bargain or transaction. What kind of justice has been meted out to Lesser Friedberg, the receiver of the stolen goods, caught in the act? The ac- count of justice with him stands thus: Oct. 4, 1873—Crime committed. Nov, 2, 158—Indicted as“ a receiver of stolen goods, Knowing them to be stolen. Sept. 24, 1873—First trial concluded. Indict- ment defective, as not charging burglary as well as receiving’ stolen goods. Judge Barnum advised the jury, as be was compelled by tne precedents to ao, that, if the testimony tended to prove complicity in the burglary, defendant could not be found guilty of * receiving stoten goods"; & man muy not. legally * receive” the goods he himzelf has stolen. Jury disagreed, eleven being in favor of acquittal ‘pursuant to instructions of court, and oue holdiag out for conviction, 6, 185J—Uld_ indictment noile pross' indictment for “ burglary aud receiving 1 youds” found, and-Friedberg again admitted to ‘Sept. 27, 1880—Continued by defendant, though he nad hud ttco years to prepare for trial. Oct. 12. 1&8Y—Continued by defendant. Nov. 24, 18%—Continued by the people. Dee. 13,'188—Continued by dereudant. Jan, 15-25, 1s8l—Secondirial, Verdict: “Guilty on the third, fourth, and ri{th counts of buying, revelving, abd concealing stolen goods, knowing them to be stolen.” Peuslty: Four years in the penitentiary. Value of property fixed at 32.000. Same duy: Defendant admitted to bail in $5,000. Feb. 3, 1 Mocion for a new trial. March 5, 1851—Motion overruled. Bill of ex- ceptions tiled. Judgment pronounted. Maren 5, 188i—Time for removal to penitenti- ary extended to Mure 9. ~ Maren 9, 1851—Time turther extended to April i. i March 9, 1651—Supersedeas grante? by Judge Dickey of the Supreme Court. Nes Nor. 11, 188i—Judgment atirmed Court. * Opinion by Craig. Noy. 14, 1881—Stiy of proceedings for twenty days by Judge Gardner to allow counsel to ap- pis_to Supreme Court for arehcaringy Nov. 3, ISSI—A rehearing granted by Justice Craig of the Supreme Court, who delivered the opinion of Nov. 11 approving the finding of the court below. The case now goes over to the January term of the Supreme Court in 1883, and the end of Friedberg is not yet. Three years and one-third will have passed after the com- mission of the crime before the criminal, caught red-handed in the act, can be pun- ished, even if the Supreme Court should de- cide against him the second time, as it has already the first. Is not this case a travesty, a parody of jus- } Uy Supreme 7 ce? Js a code which can permit Judges to trifle. with justice in this sickening way worthy. to stand on the statute-books of tho great State of IMinois? We do not know whether the responsibility for such cases as Lesser Friedberg’s—for itisa typical case —rests most with thé lower courts or the higher . courts, the juries, . the Judges, or the Iaw; but we do say. it is a shame and a_ disgrace to our jurisprudence; that it ought not to be borne and will not be borne. patiently. If the peopie of Iltinois have spirit and judg-- ment, or any sense of self-protection, we be- lieve they will wipe out the code that makes such things possible and put a new one in its place. If they do not, they must be pre- pared to see crime flourish in this. great commercial community until property shall no Jonger be safe and life itself become a burden, and the maddened people will exe- cute their own remedies in their own way. What possible influence can the punish- ment of Lesser Friedberg now have as a deterrent upon the criminal classes? If he shall be sent to the penitentiary, as he may not be, the lesson to other “ fences” will not be that they must not reccive stolen property. It wil!’ be, first, that they must not be caught in the act; and, sec ondly, that they must put money in their purses to provide for accidents. The duty of prudent “fences” will be to create an inSurance fund so that they may have “successful criminal lawyers” to defend them under weak, defective laws in the hour of need. ‘then they may confidently trust the wretched criiuinal laws of Llinois and the peculiar modés of enforcing and constru- ing them that prevail in our courts to secure for them immunity for their crimes. MORE POLICEMEN . WANTED. The City Controller, Mr. Gurney, has seen fit to take some notice of the urgent demand foran increased police force, and, in a com- munication to a minor city paper, has con- tended that it.cannot be done, though he starts out by'sayiIng: “There is no doubtan increase is necessary.” If itbe necessary, as. he admits, then it is ridiculous to say that it cannot be done. It was not essential that he should go over the figures and show that the limit of 2 per cent taxation on a valuation of $117,000,000, together with the amount now collected from licenses, cannot be made to yield more than $2,733,000, in addition to a couple of millions more that may be levied for the support of the schools, payment of interest on city debt, and the tax authorized for the support of the Public Library. Everybody knows that who has’ given the matter any attention. But such a statement does not meet the police case at all. If the available resources of the city were actually limited: to the figure he names, it would stil! be possible to provide dor a necessary increase of the police force, for expenditures could be curtailea in other branches not’ so necessary. ‘The safety of life and property is about the first considera- tion of organized society, and measyres for the assurance of such safety would properly take precedence of all other items in the municipal budget. But the fact is, that the available resources of the city are not limited to the amount stated by Controller Gurney. ‘The saloon licenses may be made to yicld from $200,000 to $250,000 additional reve- nue every year without doing an injury to any class, and that amount will be sufficient to meet the cost of maintaining from 200 to 250 additional policemen without any reduc- tion in other departments. Mr. Gurney con- veniently. omitted to refer to this point.of the proposition in any manner. Controller Gurney might much better have been silent about this matter than to have committed himself to a conspicuous avoidance of the very essence of the proposi- tion. If he was anxious to make answer to the public demand for an increased police force, why didn’t he seize upon the sugges- tion for raising the saloon licenses, and say honestly that the Mayor and Common Coun- cil have the power to employ 200 or 250 more policemen by this means? We fear it is be- cause he wants to spare Mayor Harrison any conflict with the more disreputable portion of the saloonkeepers, who would be opposed toan increase. But sucha motive is not fair or Rublic-spirited. Controller Gurney is well’ aware that $250,000 more revenue can be ob- tained from the saloons. He knows that the saloons can well afford to pay the Increased license. He cannot deny that there is pe- culiar fitness in requiring them to support the additional policemen whose services their increased number has made necessary. Then why not say so, instead of maintaining that an increase of the police force, which he admits to be exceedingly necessary, is im- possible? ‘This proposition is one which cannot be ayoided. The city must have more policemen: the resources of the City Govern- ment from taxation for miscellaneous pur- poses are governed by the 2 per cent limit; but the charge for saloon licenses is always subject to the contro! of the Mayor and the Council, IRISH NATIONALISM. ‘The first section of the platform adopted by the Irish Convention in this city reads as follows: Resolved, That, a3, in the words of the Ameri- can Decluration of Independence, * The consent of the governed Is the only power from which a government justly derives its authority’; and in the words of one of her British Majesty's present Cubinet Ministers, Mr. Joseph Chumber- After 1u0 years of English ruie in Irelund, rule there cun only be maintained by ww bayonets,” this convention declures En- sn rule Ta Ireland to be without legul or moral sunctiun, and demands Use establishment in Irc~ land of a’ national government based upon Uie wilt of the trish people. ‘The address set forth the same demand in Still stronger language, and in more stirring words. ‘There is no doubt whatever that if the question of secession ‘from Great Britain could be left toa popular vote three of ‘the four Irish proviaces would cast an almost unanimous vote for it—certainly ten to one; while the fourth province, Ulster, would by. a heavy majority yote to remain in the Brit- ish Empire. But the Government will never sudmit such a question to popular yote, which is .not strange, when we know that even our Government, resting on the free will of the American people, would never submit such a question to be voted upon by any of the States that were dissatisfied with the Union. The American people—other than those of irish nativity—regard all efforts of the ‘‘Na- tionalists” to effect-a separation of the island from Great Britain as futile and a mere waste of human energy, Unless Great Brit- ain is crushed in war by some power or com- bination of powers which would wrest Ire Jang from her grasp by military foree, it will never be done, as it is utterly Useless to ex- pect that she will votuntarily relinquish her rule. Itis nearly seven centuries since she grasped Ireland, and at-no time since then has she ever held a tighter grip and felt inore determined to retain possession, The English fear that if they let go of Ireland. it would become a base of operations for a fire in the rear if she was at. war with France or any first-class power. They hold control of Ireland for their own-protection among other reasons. Ireland can only be liberated from the British Government by. military force, and her people are wholly unable to furnish that force. They are poor and unarmed. -Thirty- five years ago they numbered nearly nine millions, against nineteen millions of English and Scotch. Now they are buta scanty five and a half millions, against thirty millions of + British. Famine and emigration have re- duced them nearly. half in one generation, and during that period the other’ island. has ] almost doubled. | What could five and a half millions of defenseless and. poverty-stricken Irish do against nearly six times their num- ber of people armed to the téeth and overflow- ing with military munitions: and resources ? But the Irish are far from united in a pur- pose of this kind. Secession would first be apposed by the dominant element-of Ulster, and second by the Catholic Church, which is. & conservative body and opposed to civilwwar ‘and revolutions of all kinds. ‘The true policy for the Lrish teadership to pursue is to work away at the land question, and make alliances with the British farmers and Liberals which will tend to get rid of the landlords in the best attainable legal wa: ‘They’should strike hands with. the Engtish Liberals, preserve the peace at home so that there should be no exeuse for Coercion vills or their enforcement, and ‘in.a short. time they will find the Irish farmers in fee-simple possession of the land. Anda large measure of local county government can also be ob-, tained. <All talk of secession and threats of civil war only have the effect to unite and embitter the British and‘render the condition of the Lrish more miserable. It is folly to waste energy in striving after the unat- tainable. Tt MBS. GARFIELD'S BEGGARS: The graceless swarm of beggars with which this country is afflicted have fastened upon Mrs. Garfield with the tenacity of leeches, in the effort to get away from her as much of the fund. that was contributed by generous men to her and her family as pos- sible. Since the death of her husband she has received nearly 1,200 letters front all partS of the country, written by impudent, cheeky mendicants whe seem to fancy that they have some right to deplete her, and that they have only to demand money, and it will be forthcoming. Mis. Garfield is not the only, though the chief, victim, as Mr. Gar- field’s mother, and even Mrs. Garfield’s chil- dren, hayealso been in frequent receipt of let- ters from these epistolary banditti, These fawning and sneaking beggars invariably pre- face their demands with tender allusions to her bereavement and declarations of theirown sorrow, as they remember her husband, and picture to themselves the lonely life that she must be leading, and then boldly prefer their demand as if. they had only to state it to re- ceive immediate relief. A dispatch from Cleveland states the char- acter of some of these insolent demands. One woman wants a mortgage lifted from her house,-and another wantsher to pay off her husband's debts, and ineloses a picture of the insolvent nuisance, as if his likeness would in some way emphasize the urgency of her preposterous claim. A third woman, whoa had recently lost her son, desires money to erect a tombstone over him and procure 2 mourning dress for herself! A fourth, who is a young girl, is about to be married, and would like sufficient funds for a wedding trousseau, and undoubtedly would like to have it understood that it should be eredited to her consideration that she refrained from asking also for the expenses of a. wedding trip to Europe. A fifth, who had lost a hus- band in the War, has married a sccond, and not finding him to her satisfaction desires inoney enough to get rid of him. These are’ a few of hundreds of similar demands made by the long procession of mendicants, and individuals are reinforced by corporate bodies, among them many impecunious ehurch societies, which are véry sure the blessing of the Lord will rest upon her, be- sides the favor of their prayers, if she will help release them from their debts. Mrs. Garfield has done wisely and set a good example by burning these letters as fast as they are received, and making no reply to them of any kind, not even acknowledging their-receipt. ‘That is the way these pests should beuniversally treated. Where there is aclaim for money the appeal should noteven be listened to. Honest poverty never makes aclaim of this kind. It is simply another form of blackmail, and such insolent claim- ants should be treated as blackmailers. Once acknowledge their claim by yielding to their demands, they cannot easily be shaken off. ST. PAUL'S MOPHEBOYS HALL) LONDON. The proposition of Tue Tribune that re- form of educational methods in the public schools must, in the nature of things, pro- ceed from without, has been antagonized by all the teachers who have contributed to the discussion. ‘They all say in substance, “ We are experts on the subject of education; we have devoted our. lives to teaching youth; we constitute an educational priesthood, and those of the public who assume to criticise usare mere laymen,” ete. The answer to this is simply to call attention to the fact that the wise men of the world have been con- founded by babes and sucklings since the beginning of time. Humility is apt to ac- company true greatness. ‘The schoul-teach- ers should remember the remark‘ of Newton: “To myself I seem to have been as a child playing on the seashore, while the immense ocean of truth Jay unexplored before me.” The art of war is as old as mankind, but whenever it has made a great stride forward it. has been in- variably under the impulse of some genius who has broken over the rusty routine rules of custom. When Gustavus Adolphus stripped from the shoulders of his soldiers the heavy, cumbrous armor of the Middle Ages they leaped onward to viefory. Before Napoleon was 80 years of age he had de- feated five armies, each larger than his own, and conquered a vast territory for France. ‘The secret of his success was the fact that he opposed to the old theory and practice of warfare an entirely new system of strategy and military tactics. When he took coim- mand of the Army of Italy it was a dispirited host little better than a mob. He changed all that.” He declared. that “ Famine, cold, and misery are the school of good soldiers,” and he proved it by leading them to victory. We are not prepared to say that “ famine, cold. and misery” are the school of good teachers. But it may be suggesced that the comparative ease and comfort of the routine -public-school teacher’s life are not calculated to stimulate him ‘to superhuinan efforts in behalf of reform in educational method: Routine, as 2 rule, does: not brighten the intellect; it wearies, but docs not stimulate, It is notorious that the public service generally is not equal in efficiency to private service of a similar character. Why should service in the public schools furnish an exception to the rule? And why should the public-school system be exempt from criticism more than the custom-house or the post-office ? The London (England) Daity Telegraph of a late date gives an account of a late ef- |-fort to correct an abuse in an English pub- lie school which is both amusing and inter- esting. ‘ The school bears the zreat name of the Apostle Paul. Itis an industrial school under control of a school board, and the effort to correct certain abuses alleged to exist in its management was made by a mem- ver of the board. One would say there should be no difficulty here. But there was great, almost insurmountable, difficulty. Mrs. Surr, the complainiag member of the board, was expostulated with, and her charges were treated as “exaggerations.” “It is quite impossible, you know,” ex-: clainied the members of the board in concert. Were there not managers? Was it not known toe | ors,? “members” of the Schvol Board, and that b in such schools were more than usual Jy insubordinate and troublesome? Was not Mr. Serutton. a “respected”. member of the board, allicially “responsibie""? How could any one belleve that anything was wrong when the atceuser wns a lady, who wus “setuated, Ho doubt, by the hese motlvés,” but whose charges positively iinphicd negiect of duty on the part of “one of our colleagues"? It was too ridiculous to believe that Mzs. Surr, who had . nothins of- ficlally to’ do with tho school, should be riht, and that Mr. Scrutton, the manager appointed hg. the board, should be gulity of dereliction of duty. Besides bad not Government Inspectors visited the school, and how. could they fail to find out faults? . But Mrs. Surr' was not to be deterred “from her purpope of securing. an investig tion, And what did thé investigation de- yelop? It showed: to:the British public in the heart of London a school as vile as,Dicl ens’. Dotheboys Hall. It showed that the tribe of Squeers still lives and prospers on British soil. But Mrs. Surr was obliged to reach over the heads of ail the “managers,” and over the heads of all her colleagues of the board. She was compelled to goto the Home Ollice and appeal to the Secretary of State, who, with his wand of office: streteh- ing over the heads of an army of “ Inspect= Managers,” warmed an investigation into it Still Mr. Serutton, a.“respected” mem- ber of the board, was “indignant.” Te de- manded the privilege of confronting Mrs. Surr; he wonid have “evidence,” and he got itin abundance. ‘The evidence disclosed all the Squeers processes in their abominable hideousne: If u master could not find out which boy had disturbed him by talking, the whote school wus puton bread and water for a day. Tho sume punishment was given if a window wus cracked, Beeause a butte was broken, all the boys aud te go without dinner and to stand tor hours in the open sir ou x winter day. Tne children were so fumished that many of them stole tha food given to the dog, ‘The boys ‘also frequent- ly took bread trom the pantry, driven to theft by systematic starvation. Pinafores instead of ts, and shirts without sleeves, were con- antly worn. ‘The lnd3 used sometimes to weur their socks for six weeks without a change. At one time Uenty of them were in bed with bad feet, produced by cold und by standing in the wet yards without shoes or stockings. For this reason one boy~ was contined to bed for twelve weeks. A Ind mimed Rust bad hand- cuts placed’ on bim while be was in bed, und was kept for twelve days and nights ina cell on bread and water. Tho’ first day be was birched, and when he came out be was caned. “Phe bir wus suuked in Ime before it was ready for use, in order that its effects might be the more pai tul.- Another boy died in the storeroom: an- other little fellow took poisun because tho ot- ficlals were always “on” to him; seven boys deliberately set fire to the school rather than stand uny fonger tho cruel treatment to which they were subjected. The food. also was tn- fumous; beetles, ts, and dirt wero fre- quently found in the soup.. One boy was set to muke “sucks; be fell iil; yet the task was con- tinued, and be died. But the poor little fellow wus tluggud for idleness tho duy before he ex- pired! We do not intimate that the publie schools of this country probably furnish any com- parison to this picture of horrors. But the readers of THe Tripune will bear in mind that precisely sucha school (private) was lately found in the City of Ney York. We cite this ease from England to show that the public is not bound to take anything for granted which concerns the management of publie institutions. We cite it to show that it is possivle for great abuses to exist in pnb- lic institutions immediately under the noses, so to speak, of those whose duty itis to see that they do not exist. And if abuses of this charactér—abuses so gross as to appail the stoutest hearts—can pass without notice for months and yea it is patent to the com- monest understanding that faulty methods of instruction, dullgess and stupidity, par- tiality, and injustice to the pupils generally may ¢: in any public-school system. The influence of habit, the force of custom, the power of routine upon the human imind, is almost incaleulable. Man: rarely reforms himself In the absence of any influence ex- erted from withont. “And it is presumption on the part of public-school teachers toclaim that they furnishan exception to the uni- versal law. CASTE IN AMERICAN SOCIETY. Kate Gannett Wells, a frequent contributor tothe Atlantic Monthly, and a writer of great good sense, discusses ‘Caste in Amer~ ican Society”? in the December number of that magazine, and succeeds very clearly in showing that while we have plenty of caste, the lines and bases of which are as rigorous as they are absurd, we have no such thing as “society” but ouly circles and coteries of in- | dividuals combining forsocial purposes. AS the writer sa: The absurdity of American soical life is to talk of entering ‘society,’ for as soon as an American tries to bring ‘society,’ into focus to be interviewed, it divides itself into numerous facets of pris- matic brillianey,” and she gives the follow- ing pat illustration: ‘One lady, a leaderof Boston fashion, stated that though ‘society? consisted of about twenty-five families, yet in the invitations to a general ball it might be safe to include from four to six hundred persons.” , The manner in which caste rules Amer- ican life and pervades every part of it is the burden of the writer’s paper, and she is spe- cially-felicitous in her illustrations, as a few extracts will show. Speaking of its influence in the lower classes, she say: ‘A marriage between the rag-pieker who car- ries her rags on ber buck and -the man who rolls them ina wheelbarrow is contrary to all the rules of propriety, and ends in family feuds. “The regulur visltant at hotel cupbourds who re- ceives pie is farther removed from the tattered mendicant at buck-dvor than a member of the diplomatic corps from a nutive of Washington. Inu certain well-known alley resided a shrewd brother and sister of 12 and 14, who assigned to euch of the other dwellers his proper piace in the sociul stutus of tne by-way, through sumptuury laws ot their own devising. These litte mag- nates staid at home, and sent their agents beg ging; ull food so obttined was delivered into their keeping, and then portioned out, as tho Educational Rureau would say, not according to “the illiteracy: of eneb section, but according to its eeographical xrea.” Shapeless pieces of brend and cold fapjacks were fur the tenants of cellars aud attics; multins und titbits of croquets were for those who occupied the ground-floor und middie stories of the tenements. f Speaking of caste among workingwomen, one of them said: ‘We never can raise our- selves from the bondage of ili-paid labor till we combine, and most of us would rather starve to death than associate with those be- neath us.? A. tailoress. declares that no- where are the lines of caste more strictly drawn than among tailoresses and sewing- girls. ‘Those on custom work and those on sale work need “hot- necessarily know each other. The various steps on the ladder of easte are well sumined up: Jt 1s social ambition, caste, that rules us; it Dexins with us, und goes up and up to Kings and Emperors. A ‘woman, witn many servants de- spises her with one, and she with one despises the woman who does her own work, and she who dues her own work looks down upoo her who oes ont to work, and.tho one who goes out to do special housework scorns the scrub-womun, who is the end of womunkind. And yet, with all this caste, with a society full of ciréles which ostensibly do not intersect, where is society? The writer in the fullowing extract shows the difficulty of satisfactorily auswering the question: ‘The coterie in the side street is as large as that on the fushionable avenue. Within the cou! of a few days lady went to four lunches, t kettledrums, apd two evening receptions. aud did not meec the same person twice. ‘The lurger the city the more conspicuous is this variety. of circles. Where is society? At each door there were ciirrimyes, and exct house was well up- pointed. Sume would fold their napkins; others. would throw them crumpled on the table. Some would have wine, others water. in one house it was ¢n reyle to remove your bonnet; in another, to wear it. Here *yents’” were invited; there “some of our best society.” In one the men curried opera hats, and wore white cravats, und bowed devply; in ‘another, frock coats and flat seurfs, und shook hands. -All and each uverred they knew bow, and ail and each secretly feared they didn't. We have made these extracts to show the general drift of tne writer’s comments and the pertinence of her illustrations. It is a little remarkable, however, that in a paper so discursive she has neglected one branch of the sueject that Jies.at the very founda- tion of it—namely: the responsibility for caste in our society so-called. Perhaps be- - tion. ing a lady she was bac! to her own sex. Caste in American society is peculiarly a female invention, if: we may apply. that term. to it, and, like many other inventions of the female kind, it is useless to inquire the why or the wherefore of it, the part of filosofy being to accept and endure it as well as pos- sible. American women have established it upon no rational basis, laid it out with no fixed or known boundaries, maintain it with no cause, and endure ‘it with no compensa- American wien have no ideas of caste. ‘They naturally separate in -fragments for a single purpose—that of business. The basis of these divisions is prosperity, the boundary is business necessity. _ Bankers associate Jargely with bankers and bank customers, ministers with the clergy and people of their own sects, lawyers with the legal*fraternity, doctors with doctors, schoolmasters with schoolimasters and professors, mechanics with men of their trade, and so on to the street gamins who sell papers or black boots and associate with other small merchants dealingzin their wares. But this is a matter of ard. ascribing it necessity, for the banker, or trader, or farin- + er, or mechanic, who did not associate with his class would soon be out of business and company. These dividing lines, however, ae not kept outside of business, for-as soon und whenever -necessity allows the lines in- terseet in all possible directions. A man’s dollars do not commend-him to men’s socie- ty except in business circles. Upon his own merits his orbits run in all directions, and were 2 ealamity to happen by which females were separated from the males the democra- ey of men would be of the most heteroge- neous deseription, and caste would be a thing unknown. Men are drawn into caste by women with litle knowledge of what it means, and never certain why they are in it except that their wives tell them it is the thing to do, and are as miserable while they are in it.as a fish out of water. For one Podsnap in. the world there are a thousand Merdles,- and there are not wantmg men, even in Chicago, which has little caste and less society as compared with “Eastern cities, who, if you could catch their consciences in a corner, where their wives could not hear. thes, would frankly confess that they are afraid ot their butlers, shiver before their caterer when he takes charge of the house, and look upun the sumptuous negro. who waits at the front door on grand occasions with a certain feel- ing of awe, regarding them all as inysterious celebrants in the temple of exste, with whom his wife is on terms of intimacy, but as far removed from himself as the stars above the earth, and quite.as mysterious. The mystery of femate te Lo the male sex isthe why of it, what it is for, whither it tends, end what it rests upon. In other countries we ean elearly see the Alpha and Omega’ of caste, In India caste is a relig- ious precedent that has come down through thousands of years, upon the inflexible dogina of fate and transmigration. _Its lines. are iron-bound, and it-is aceepted by every follower of Buddha or Brahina as something that cannot be altered of removed. The lo’ est Pariah accepts his lot, because his re! ion, and especially the transmigration: of souls doctrine, teaches him that he was born into his lot, and so he never complains. In Europe, especially in England and Ger- many, Spain and Austria, easte is based upon monarchical institutions, upon 2 titled aristocracy, upon feudal privileges, . and monopoly of offices. But what is there in the institutions of this country upen which to found caste? Our entire system is based. upon the Declaration ot fndependence, which declares that all men are born free and equal, and upon the Constitution, whien is in full sympathy with it, The men of this country have obeyed both these instru- ments, with what ulacrity is shown. by the pell-inell manner in which they democratize themselves and plunge into the common, when the female leaders of caste. are not present. The.women of America have set up animperioimperinm. They havescouted at. the Declaration and «eiied the Con- stitution. All men are born free and equal, all women are born in caste, and the distinction is drawn just as boldly between a seullion and a ‘cook as it is between a woman who owns a coupé and a woman who allows the public to ride in her five-cent vehicle and get off at the cor- ner. Women are natural-born aristocrats; men are natural-born republicans. Men, who ‘are gregarious by nature tind them- selves “cribbed, cabined, and. confined” in Iittle cireles, stripped of individual freedom of action, and, looking at each other and wondering why they are there, submit to the inevitable with as good a grace as they may, but make up for it when they can describe their own cireles. This is the part of wisdom; for, inexplicable, purposeless, baseless, and absurd as the female idea of easte may be, it is better to recognize it, even under compuision, than to fly at it, and be set down as a dreadful creature and hor- rid yulgar person, At thesame timeno man who loves the Declaration and is true to the Constitution will be untrue to himself. He may, like Galileo, be constrained vutwardly to do violence to his convictions, but inward- ly he will state them with stern emphasis, and when his mistresses are not by will illus- trate his convictions with pertinent actions. THat the police force of this city should be increased from 200 to 250 men is univer- sally conceded to be necessary. There is probably-not a single law-abiding citizen who*| does not agree to this proposition. The present force is inadequate to the protection of person and property. It comprises only 583 men, including officers and stationkeep- ers, and only a dozen or so more than the force five years ago, when Chicago had not more than per cent of its present popula- tion.. [his statement of the case alone is snflicient to determine the necessity for the proposed increase. After deducting the number of patrolmen assigned to. special duty, such as station-houses, railroad depots, public places, and street-crossings, the force patrolling the streets at one time does not ex- ceed men. Practically, then, it is expect- ed that nearly 600,000 people and property extending over an area seven miles in length by fourimiles in Width shall find protection night or day from 150 policemen scattered at such great distance from one another that mutual assistance in case of need is out of the question.” Any such expectation is preposterous, and, as a matter of fact, the safety and interests.of the citizens take care of themselves as best they can during the day, and the city is in great measure given over at night to the gamblers, thieves, burglars, garroters, roughs, and the riotous and vicious classes generally. But Toe TrreusE has not been content with the pointing out the obvious necessity for an in- crease in the police force. It has taken into consideration the difficulties in the way of providing additional policemen, and has sug- gested a practical, fair, and popular plan for raising the revenue necessary to that end. it has recommended an increase in the sa- Ioon licenses to an extent that will support 250 more policemen. This plan involves no hardship for the saloonkeepers, They are paying. no, larger license today than they paid twenty-six..years azo, notwithstanding the enormous growth of the city, the increase of their vrof- tts, and the enlargement of every other form of taxation. There are between 3,500 and 4,000 saloons in Chicago. The absurdly | y small license fee of $52 perannum yields but $180,000, though the aggregate saloon busi- ness done in the course of the year probably amounts to more than -$10,000,000, three. fourths ot which -is clear profit. It¢is pro- posed that this traflic, which is directly and indirectly responsible for the largest portion of disorder and criine in the city, shall be - made to yield enough to add 250 men to the police force. The way to do this is to fix the license for saloons selling beer and wine only at $100, and the saloons selling whisky as well as beer and wine at $200 a year.. The saloons might decrease in number from 500 to 1,000 under this new license system; but that would be good for the public morals, and to the advantage of the more decent and reputable elass of saloonkeepers. Twenty. five hundred to three thousand saloons can furnish all the drinks that the adult male Population of this city requires, and that uum. ber after paying the increased license fea will make more money than they do now. “WHAT “NO RENT” MEANS. When Messrs. Parnell, Kettle, Davitt, Dit Jon, and the other members of the Executive of the Irish Land League issued their procla- mation advising the: tenants .of Ireland to pay no more rent, the advice was not given us x permanent policy, but as-a temporary . act of reprisal to bring the British Govern. ment to its senses, and to compel. that Goy- ernment to release the representatives of the Land League from jail. In that manifesto, issued from their prison, they used this Jan. Buage: a Fellow-countrymen, the hour to try your souls and to redeem your pledges bas uzrived. ‘The Executive of the National Land League, forced to abandon its policy of testing te Land act, feels buund to advise the tenant-tarmers of iret lund, from this day forth, to pay” nu rents under Any Circumstunecs to their “Laudlords until me Government relinquishes the existing system uf terrorisin and restures the constitutional rigoty Of the people. = ‘The Land League of Ireland therefore pro- claimed the “nou-rent” puticy as a tempo- rary measure. oO rent was advised until the British Government had released the im- prisoned leaders of the league and restored the only national representatives of-the ten- ant-farmers to their liberty. ‘There has been no announced change in that policy by the Land League, and, despite the imposing rhetoric of the address aud resolutions of the recent convention in this city, we assume that when this convention indorsed the “no- rent? policy it indorsed that policy in tha sense that it was proclaimed by the leaders of the league itself{—* no rent? until the im- prisoned leaders are released. 5 Of course, the friends of the league in this eountry only wish to carry out the measures of the league itself, and when tiey indorsa the proposition thab.“no rent” be paid in Ireland, they are presumed to mean, a3 the Irish themselves mean, that no rent be paid until the Irish leaders are restored-to’ their personal freedom. . ‘The imprisonment of Mr. Parnell and his associates must terminate, unless affairs taxe some change not uow foreseen, at the mect of Parliament in February. By that tine, | is to be hoped, there will bea better feel- ing prevailing on both sidesof the channel, ‘The decisions of the Land Court iivevery ins stance yet made have scemed to be ‘satisfac tory to the tenants, and to such an extent [3 this the case that the opponents of the Land . League predict an inability of the court to hear the multitude of applications. Tha court, however, is practically a permanent body, and can have its branches ‘multiplied indetinitly, and it has unlimited powers to ap- point deputies to make valuations. Another month’s experience of the practical opera- tions of the bill will’ show that the people are rapidly availing themselves of the great ben- efits obtained for them in that bill by the successful agitation of the Land League. ‘THERE never was a tuore good-natured man than Prof. Goidwin Smith. He was pro- Pposed-us fin honorary member of St. Geurge’s Society of Turonto, and one might have thougot, considering his reputauon and abilities, that he. would bave been gladly and unanimously ad- mitted. Insteud of this he wus biackoulied. ‘The brethren of St. George are nothing if not . loyal to the integrity of the British Euspire, and Prot. Smith's views of the policy of the annex2- tion of the Dominion to tue United Stutes were well known. The dragon, if not St. George, stogd at the door and would not let the Protes- sorin. We ure pleased to notice that he met” this rebuif with special equanimity, and indeed * with something more. He showed himself both kind and forgiving, for this rejected candidate atonce inclosed bis check fur 31W0—a contribu tion to the charituble fund of the sucicty. " Gen tiemen blackbailed at clubs seldom meet the snub in this way, and perhaps Prof. Smith bad made more out of the transaction thao the Ste George's Suciety bus. $$ : Tne New York Tribune remarks that if itis the desire of the Stalwart press to prove. thut Garfield would not bave been shot if he had refrained from displeasing Mr. Conkling, they can find a strong point in the fact that Guiteat dates the beginning of bis “ inspiration’ from * the day of Mr. Conking’s resignadon. In bis autobiography, which the Herald published be laid special-stress upon this point. In fact, the exact date of the resignation was the only date wiven In the whule sketet, a circumstance which showed what an effect that resignation bad made upon his mina. nr Gara remarks that Mr. Charles Nordhoff, who hus become the vice-editor 6f the Herud, began newspaper life in Indians. The general tendency of the New York press is toward West- ern journalists. Mr. Reed, of the. Tunes; Mrs Bullard Smith, the Herald man_at Wasbington; Mr. Whitelaw Reid and Mr. Grosvenor, of the Tribune; Maj. Bundy, of Mr. Field's Journals; and Messrs. Schurz and White, of the Fost, ure” instances of Western men guiding New York’ opinion. A close inquiry would show this class tobe very thoroughly distributed through the Eustern press. - $c Tre Cineinnati Price Current gives re-: turns from 8S per vent of the puints where pork - packing was dune last year, inclusive of Nuvem-:*" ber, showing the total for this season of: 1,763,000 pounds, against 2,215,000 last yeur fore the sume time. From this fuct the Price-Current. estimates that the total packing of the West : upto December is 560,100 pounds short of last year, aud that the end of the senson will show @ falling off of 1,000,030 pounds from lust year. : = Oxr after another the overdue European , steamers are drooping into port, bringing tales of one of the most frightful November. gales that ever swept the Atlantic. A long list is still out beyond thoir time. «A stancl Iron steamer rarely succumbs to wind and ware alone. Fire, for, and icebergs are the terror of the sailor. With a stout ship'and an open sea is laughs as the tlercest storms. 23 _————— LAKESIDE MUSINGS. The New York ines is surprised that while pretty actresses have diamond bracelets given them, women like George Elfut and Mrs. Somerville do not, It duesn't take much to sure prise some editors. A Boston paper says that “at Harvard University, in the last Ofty years, no smoking student bus graduated at the head of bis clus.” Young men who desire to be third-basemen of stroke-oars should beur this fact In mind. A few days ago a Mexican woman, whild washing her feet in the Kio Grande near Kit Granu City, was seized and curried otf by 3 alligator. Her husbund heariug her scream: rushed into the water, and, knife in band, made this voracious beast give up his prey. Tne feet of the woman were budly lacerated, but at last - accounts she Was doing well.—New York Trifune. A few days ago a Cincinnati womun, while - washing her fect in the Rio Grande, felt a tick: ling sensation in one of her toes, and oa drawing ing it out of the water discovered an alligato! attuched to it. Other alligators, hearing the.” cries of their companion, rushed to the shor. : and finally succeeded in rescuing him. At Ias6; accounts the alligator was very sick. “*So Constance has given him the shake “Yea” aoe “Tis well the Lady Gertrude hath not heard, ee