Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 20, 1881, Page 4

q Ps ie THE CHICAGO “TRIBUNE: SU NDAY, “NOVEMBER 20, 188I—_TWENTY-TWO PAGES She Criume. “ DERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. * Daily edition, one year. _ PERE Gis Gane par anni 703 ly and Sunday. one ye: 14.00 esdas, ‘Thursday. and atarday, Der 5 6.00 ngay, Wednesday, und Friday. persear... $98 unday, 1U-pave edition, per year. 2 WEEKLY EDITION—POSTPAID. Epecimen copies sent ‘free. Give Post-Ulfice address in full, including County and State. Remiuances may be made either by draft express. Post-Oftics order, or in rezistered letter, at our risk, i TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Daily. delivered, Scaday excepted. 23 cents per week. Paily, delivered, Sunday Incladed, 330 cents per week, j Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Daarborn-sis.. Chicago, IL ———eet Pntered at the Post-Ofice at Chicago, 10, as Secona- For the benef of our patrons who desire to send | single copies of THE THIuwNF throush the mall, we sive herewith the transient rate of postage: - Foreign and Domes! Per Copy. ight, ten, twalve. and fourteen conta. izveen, eighteen. und twenty pare paoer. enty-two and twenty-four paze paper. TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. ‘THE CnIcaGo TRIMCNE has established branch #Moes for the receipt of subscriptions and adveruse- nents.2s follows: NEW YORK—Room 2 Tribune Bullding. F.T. Mc- FADDEN, Manazer. > GLASGOW, ‘Scolland—Allan's American News Agency, al Itentield-st. LONDON, Ung.—American Exchange, 49 Strand. Axent. | Y MEETINGS. APTER, NO. 9, 0. E, §.—Thanks- SPdesons Heh, sorner West Madison SOTLER Efanalitstop-eourt, on Weduesduy evening next, Rov. 2, atBou'clock, LA B—Will hold the > day evening, Nov. 23, SHINGTON CHAPTER, NO. 2 0. E. BY Mibu second of thett series of pariies kriz at Parker Hall, corner Ualsted jad Madisun-sis.” Members and friends of ihe order ts 10, ar is movited to attend, ekets 00, WiITE, Secretary. VENANT LODGE, NO. F. & A. M.-An saeiveny communication of above lodze wiit be beld this Sunday, Nor. a4 at Ld o'clock noun. 10F ihe pare ‘acct mains of our late brut ng OE nee vinibrment Funeral. by cars to ore the place of interment. Fune: er ludcer cordially invite: By pila sroteers ok ots HUGH MASON, We ML ere GEO. A. WAIT, Secretary. WENANT LODGE, NO. 533, F. & A. Me pate ‘comminnication of above ludze will be held at Soriuthian Hall, 1s; East Kinzie-st., Fridas, Nov. 23, BL, et F:5u oclock fer Deeb <u ‘Visiting Mas- ‘slaso Wheds By order, ROpHaagne oo Dy Be TIUGH MASON, Ws Ms GEO. A. WAIT, Secretary. WASHINGTON CDAPTER, No. 43, Ri, A: M—Tho | text regaiar Convocation will Se held Friday Even = he Dee at ie Lote ork on me Conn ees. Visiting Coropanivas alwuys welcome, prcer of JOHN MORCHY, ME. HP CHAS. C. DOULITLE, Secretary. HESPERIA LODGE, NO, 41 a. F. & A. M—The | pembers are hereby notitied w attend 3 revular Com jrunicution to b- held Wednesday evening, Nov. 3. at Esvorciock, at the Mzsonic Temple. corner Kandulpa tna Hinlsued-ata,”Staster Masups, aiembers of sister “paces, cordially invive ero ig i SN UAS. SMITH, W. ML CHAS. H. BRENAN, Secretary. APULLO COMMANDERY, XO. 1, KNIGHTS TEM- PLAR—zpecial Conch: ‘uesday evening, Nov. 22, | ISB at To'civck. the Tempie will be fonterred. | Visiting Sir Kntzbts ary always welcome, 1: Commander. Broesore eahrs. TIFFANY, Becorder. M.=Spe- | i i THOMAS J. TURNER 1.ODGE, NO. 40, A. F. & ‘M.—Regular Communication ‘humday evening, 9. 27, SI, at 7:90 p. BI. shacy. important work. Ail mmbers are requesied to be present. | Visitors are sopaialty invited. PILE ah RENTISS M. NICHOLS, W STANTON, Secretary. CHICAGO CHAPTER. No. 17, RA. M.—Hall 14 enty-second-st. Special Convocation Wednesday jrening for work onthe !toyal Arch. Visiting com fanlons welcome. Bs order of M. HI PL . ELI SMITH, Secretary. LAKESIDE LODGE, . & A. M.—Mem- ders of lnkeside Locce are requested to report at ipdce at} o’ciock sharp uhis day (Sunday) to attend she funeral 07 our late brother, Harley Green. Mreth- m of other lodges cordialls invited to paticipie. Srorerat Ww. - * £RED W. CLOFT, Secretary. WABANSLA LODGE, NO. 10), A. F: SA. M—Im- at wora’ next Friday evening o'clock promptly. ie Members ponged sy attend Visit- ‘Sas rally welcome Be Master Masons coresOUN C. BARKER, W. 3. FRED W. PORTER, Secretary. KILWINNING LODGE, No. 3H, F. & A. BL—No. 157 Inzie-st. Members are requested to attend the on Thursday. 2th. at 7:3) p, m. Important work. ter Muson visitors cordially invited. THUS. MIDDLETON, W. M. “A, 8, ALLEN, Secretary. ANCIENT COMPANIONS VOMESTIC CLOB—The sirangements’ for our Freeport pilerimage Dec. ? pS completed und eckets issued. vers companion jestring to Join. should no i@ Secretary imme- sely. JAMES HITCHCOCK, Secretary, 72 Wabash-av. CHICAGO COMMANDERY NO. 12, KNIGHTS EMPLAR—Stated Conclave Monday evening. Nov. tes ee erciock, Zor business Visiting Sir Koights heecrtenes £1 HL. POND, E. C. DAVID GOODMAN, Recorder. CORINTHIAN CHAPTER, _ Ppntocation Monday evenin 63, R.A. M.—Special ng. Nov. 2L, at 7:30 o’cluck. rk on the P. and M.5.M. Degrees. Visiting com- 1 anions are cordially invited: By order of - ARTHUR WARLINGTON, HL P. 3. 0, DICKERSO; a , Secretary. ST, BERNARD COMMANDERY, Ppecial Conclave Wednesday evening, Nov. 23, Zelock sharp. Work on the Order of the Temple. Fistting wir Knients are courteously invited. “By FO: e JOHN D. M. CAR! der. 4J..0. DICKERSON Ihecurder Tn Commander SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1851. Ee Ep Wirrams, alias Maxwell, the des- perado captured by Sheriff Killian, of Ne- bdraska, and taken to Durand, Wis., was last night Jynched by the people of that region. The case is one of the most remarkable in pur criminal records. Tue brig Lizzie, of Charleston, S.-C., picked up at sea the boat ot the ship France, pf Dunkirk, containing the chief mate and fourseamen. The France was wreckedin a hurricane, and it is feared that all on board ave thoso rescued by the Lizzie have perished. ° Mr. Ricnarp Powers, of Chicago, Gen- sral President’ of the Sailors’ Union, has deen elected President of the International Amalgamated Labor Congress of America, - which has just closed its session at Pitts- ee + The next meeting will be at Cleve- O.,in November, 1882. i j THE Whitehall Review, an English society paper given to sensationalism, says that the Marquis of Lorne will succeed Earl Cowper as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. If. the Princess Louise treats the Irish ladies as curtly as she did the Canadian ladies Mr. * Parnell will have many fair recruits. “Capt.” Payne and a few of his more daring followers have safely located on the town site of Oklahoma City, Indian Terri- tory, and are in occupation of the stockade fort built by them last summer. So far they have not been molested by the Indians nor interfered with by the Federal troops. Irissaid that the Emperor William’s health be avenger have thus far failed. He is said to be an Illinoisan who tried to obtain ad- mission to the court-room but failed. ———_ Tue jail at McDonough, in Henry County, Georgia, was destroyed by fire Friday night, and two of the fifteen prisoners perished in the flames. ‘The others wera in a senseless condition when rescued. Many of the citi- zens of McDonough were injured while at- tempting to save the unfortunate inmates. ———_—— Benyow, the President of the suspended Pacific Bank of Boston, is playing the baby act. He says that he knows he did wrong in advancing money to Weeks without consult ing the Directors, but he did not know that Weeks’ financial position was not good, and he was drawn into the matter gradually. Col. Needham, the Bank Examiner, says that matters looked better for the depositors yes- terday than on the previous day, and it is believed they wil! nut lose much. J er Privce Bisstanck recently Expressed his opinion in a public manner as to the persecu- tion of the Jews. It seems that aJewish gen- ueman at the head of a large industry in Varzin was entertained, with others, at a public dinner by the Chancellor, and that he seized the opportunity toask his host wheth- [+ er he approved of the “ Jew-baiting,”. to which the Chancellor replied: Certainly not; notbinz cin be more unjust. I am most. decidedly opposed’ to this-cuzitation against the Jews, whether trom’ the point of view of religion ur race. With equal rigbt they could one day fall upon Germans of Polish or Preach extraction end say thoy were no Uer- mans. That the Jews show 2 predilection for trade isa mutier of taste; their previous ex- clusion from all other professions may, perbups, well justify it, But it is certainly not warrant- able to talic ubnut their superior wealth in that intlammatory way, which 1 find wholly con- temptible. a3 being entculated to excite the envy and hutred of the multitude. I will never agree to the constitutional rignts of the Jews being restricted in any way. The tutellectual orzani- zation of the Jews in general inclines them to criticism, and the greater number of them, therefore. are on the side of the Oppusition; but I make uo distinotion between the Coristian and the Jewish opponents of my economic policy, which I conscienuously uold to be protitable for the nation. ‘THE more-tariff monovol next convention in New York on the 29th’ and 39th inst. “The proinoters promise to prove two-propositions to the people of this country: (1) that “protection” has reduced | the cost of manufactured ‘goods; (2) that it j has increased the price of labor. “As illus- trated by railroad steel, it has found the | price of steel-in Europe $25 to $27 per ton, | and proteciion of 125 per cent has “reduced” it to $60 per ton in this country. An ex- change remarks in regard to the two propo- sitions which the New York Protection Con-y| vention intend to prove: If they can prove the first, they cannot provo the second; nor can they prove the second with- ‘out disproving the frst. What {s_ the price of inbor but the wazes that are paid for it? and what is the chief element of the cost of produc- tion but the amount of wages paid to the labur- ers engaged in production? Thus, str. Mill says (Book fil, chap. iv. #1): What the produc- tion of a thing ensts to its producer, or its series of producers. is the lubor expended in produ- cing it If we consider as the producer the cup- italist who makes the advances, the word * labor’ may be replaced by tuo word ‘wages.’ What the produce costs to him is the wares which be bad to pay.” If the convention bus no. better program, it might as well save itself the trouble of assembling. i Tne most significant incident of the Gui- teau trial yesterday was the passage in which Scoville, Guiteau’s counsel, remarked that they admitted the killing. whereupon Gui- teau exclaimed. Not the killing, your Honor; we admit the shooting.” Must peo- ple will regard this remark as an indication ot Guiteau’s sanity and shrewdness. He is determined to insist upon the quibble that the President died a victim of malpractice— an old expedient of criminal lawyers. We should think the jury ean hardly fail to be impressed with Guiteau’s sanity as exhibited by this steadfast purpose. The single re~ mark we have quoted ought to go further toward establishing Guiteau’s moral respon- sibility than all his antics toward convineme the jury of the contrary. But Guiteau has two strings to his bow. If he cannot secure acquittal on the ground of insanity he hopes to irritate the Judge- into ordering him taken from the court- room while ‘the trial proceeds, or into some other ruling which will enable him to appeal to the court en bane and secure a new trial. Guiteauis enough of a lawyer and a sufficiently shrewd observer to know that public. indignation abates with time, and that he will have a better chance to es- cape with his life a year hence than he has now. Guiteau is evidently sane enough to be hanged without compunction. £ Tue writer who has contributed some ar- ticles to the Washington Sunday Gazette showing up the peculiarities of John Sherman, whom he refers to as “the greatest Tycoon that ever did, or by any possibility could, have existence,” hasa further bill of indictment agaiust Mr. Sherman in this morning’s issue of the Gazette. He charges that Sherman’s po-. litical headquartersin the Corcoran Building at Washington, comprising seveh rooms, were furnished with carpets, desks, lounges, chairs, etc., at the expense of the United States, and that these articles have neverbeen returned to the United States; that Treasury clerks were employed day and night, months before the Chicago Convention, under the direction of Messrs. Holland, Morris, Dyer, Bosley, and Knox, also Treasury employés, in working the Sherman “ boom”; that atter the convention all persons thus empioyed were promoted over the heads of more worthy and efficient employés, and regardless of the protests of the bureau chiefs; that a portion of the stationery employed in Sher- man’s canvass came from the stationery office of the Treasury Department, and that another portion of the © sta- tionery was paid for ont of the public funds as for patent file-holders which were never delivered. Itis further charged that when Custodian Pitney was investi- | gated he was advised to pay for the “ patent file-holders” ; that ne did pay $500, and when he went to the “Treasury Tycoon” and asked to be reimbursed he got scant satis- faction. i Tux explanation of the attitude of Bts- marck and the Emperor towards the present Parliament and their advocacy of the pro- gram of internal economic reforms against the opinions of the majority of that Parlia- ment may be found in an effort to placate the Socialists. The vote of the latter was considerably increased in the election in the face of the severely repressive measures which have been instituted against them. is declining scriously. Bismarck gets along very nicely without his aid, however, as was shown by the election yesterday of Tevitzon, the candidate of the Uitramontane-Conserva- tive coalition as President of the Reichstag, by 193 votes to 143 cast for Stauffenburg, Lib- « eral. Franckenstein, of the Party of the Cen- tre, was elected Vice-President, defeating Benda, 2 Liberal. ‘Wen the prison van conveying Guitean from the court-room back to the jail had reached the intersertion of East Capitol and First streets yesterday afternoon a man well mounted rode up behind the vehiole, and, wheeling, pointed a revolver at Guiteau and fired. After pointing the revulver at the driver he rode off, pursued by Ofticers Ede- , Jin and Carson, who soon lost sight of him. y’ The ball but just grazed Guiteau’s right fore- arm, The assasin was greatly frightened, They have made great headway. They have menaced the Emperor’s life and Bismarck’s life. Their brethren in Russia killed the Czar, who was a relative of the Emperor, and apparently it was only a question of time how soon they would attack him and after him his son. To placate them Bis- marck conceived his scheme-of legisla- tion .in their favor, embracing a great State insurance company to guarantee workintmen against accident and their fami- lies against the results of their death, and to pension aged and indigent workingmen. It was a great Socialistic charitable scheme to aid the men who had been their enemies, and the Emperor committed ‘himself to it, and rather than face the majority in Parliament who oppose it staid away and let’ Bismarck do the honors. . Bismarck may not be ablesto carry the measures through. He may have no expectation of doing so, but the fate oZ ana expressed anxiety to get within the juil walls. All efforts to find the would- his measures is of little consequence, as he has placed himself and the Emperor upon ! and not from within, and hence the unanim- the record as willing to aid and placate the Socialists, and thereby guaranteed his own and the Emperor's safety, for even Commun- ists are not likely to attack or assasinate mén who are working in their interests. ‘Tre Swiss general ejections, which took place during the early part of the present month, and which have not been noticed in the telegraphic dispatches, were neverthe- Jess of unusual significance in one direc- tion. The Radicals won so many seats that they are in the majority. The minority is composed almost exclusively of Catholic Deputies from the smaller cantons, who are confronted ‘by bitter ecclesiastical enemies. Taken in connection with the French, Ger- man, and Belgian elections, it shows that the popular feeling in Europe, as expressed by universal suffrage, apidly becoming more democratic and anti-clerical. Tue appearance of the bulletin in the windows of ‘Tit TruNe Build ing las evening announcing the second attempt upon the life of the assusin Guiteau was greeted with general expressions of satisfaction at the effort, but contempt for. Washington marksmen. It was amusing to watch the curious crowd that quickly covered the side- walk, and to hear their remarks upon the event. Cries of-.‘‘Good!? “Served him right!’ were followed by “ Vity!” “ O pshaw!? “O what a marksman? “ What a chance lost!” ete., as the concluding portion of the bulletin was reached, and they learned that the villain. was only wounded slightly. ‘Phe contrast. between the effect: which the news of this shot_produced upon the public and that of the one which sent President Gar- | field to his grave is worthy of comment, and ; shows in what abhorrence this wretch is held. Nota sober face nor an expression of | pity or compassion for him was observed; only of gratification at the attempt and chagrin at its failure. Even the softer sex greeted the announcement with broad smiles and expressions of approval and delight. j One hilarious individual whooped and j hallooed, shook his fists -at the win- dow, and danced with j it dawned upon his obfusticated fac- ulties that Guiteau was not dead, he fairly howled with rage, and wandered out of sight gesticulating and swearing. The trial is so fara tantalizing aggravation of the original offense to a publie who impatiently wait to | see him. hung, and if the jury shall acquit this monster upon the ground of insanity their names will not bé held in everlasting affection. fcaoniRG IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. We print this morning several letters on the subject of teaching in the public schools, written in response to some articles pub- lished in this paper over the signature of “Progress,” and some editorial criticisms upon the graded system. One of the difficulties suggested by THE TrwuNne in obtaining any change in the management of the schouls was the intense conservatism of the teachers asa body, and their unwillingness to admit that change was needed, or that change would be in any way animprovement. This intense conservatism. has been represented asa stumbiing-block in the way of any retorm in the methods of teaching and in the course of study,-and if any person has doubted the justice of this suggestion a perusal of the letters printed this morning from teachers will show how they resent any intimation that teachers have anything to learn. lt was against this. system of forever. traveling the old road, and of protesting that teach- ers alone’ are competent to form a just opinion as to school matters, and the idea that their judgment is alone entitled to respect, that “Progress” entered his suggestion: that no improvement would ever be had in school matters unless it was accomplished in spite of the voice of the teachers. -It was the royal colleges of as- tronomy, geography, and navigation that pronounced so dogmatically against the suggestions of Columbus. ‘They were mas- ters of the science, and how could the penni- Jess Italian know more than these venerable men whose lives had been deyoted to the study? Why should ordinary mortals who have never taught school undertake to sug- gest to the college of public-school teachers anything in the way of improvement? Dick- ens was threatened with personal castiga- tion and vindictive damages for suggesting that there might be an improvement in the schools of Yorkshire, and it is within the memory of man that flogging with a. whip was abolished in the public schools of Chi cago against the strenuous protests of the .teachers, ladies and gentlemen, who’ thought . their professional judg- ment ought to be final in the matter, Teachers are no excevtion to the general Tule that professions owe whatever progress they may make to pressure from without, ity with which they stand by the old system and to the old beaten paths is natural. Tue Trisune and its correspondent, “ Progress,” suggested certain remedies for certuin defects in ‘the “graded system” of | teaching, but the answers made by the letters this morning are all to the effect that the de- fects in the system have never existed, and do not now exist; and that, if they did exist, instead of being defects, they would be evi- dences of the excellence of the system, and furnish strong reasons why they should be perpetuated, and why any hand extended to “reform” them should be paralyzed as an in- terference with things too holy for unsancti- fied laymen to touch. Argument with this class of persons is useless. If there are no defects in the graded system, then it is use- less to change it, and, when it is claimed that there can be no improvementin the system, then arguinent is exhausted. ‘The teacher who writes ‘Tire ‘TrrBuNE 2 long lecture on the subject of normal schools is wide of the question which has been dis- cussed this paper. Tue TrmuNe has never shown any hostility to normal schools Whenever they were wanted. For many years there was attached to the high school of this city a normal school, conducted with great ability, and it was of great value to the schools of Chicago. Subsequently it was proposed to estabiish a normal schoo! in this county, in xddition to that in the city, and, re- garding. this latter to be a-useless and costly job, Tue Tripune opposed it. If, in’ conse- quence of this county school, the normal school in the city was abolished, that fact confirms the wisdom ot the course taken by this paper. We do not believe that the schools of this city have ever had any cause to complain of the support furnished them by the press, and in the criticisms we have made as to the graded system, whereby pu- pils are restrained in their progress, we have been governed by a desire to improve and not degrade the usefulness of the schools. One of the defenders of the graded sfstem, after denying as untrue. our complaint that children were kept back in their studies to keep pace with pupils of slower and duller capacities, ventures bravely upon. the asser- tion: It Js generally a great misfortune t F in a public school, Seinceee inany, scagel whens so8s OF the Ae of Bs, pupils in the public cl attend, to rilliant, or tt id- ered brilliant, in anything. nena a Our compiaintfof the graded system is, that it treats excellence or proficiency on the part of pupils not only as a misfortune, but as something to be punished. The boys and girls who excel in arithmetic; but are siow i i point" | unchanged, the pupil sutfered us mi ; other day from x man w! i papers. in geography, or fail in memorizing the rules of grammar, are not allowed to advance in arithmetic until thé rest of the class catch up with them, and until they have packed their | memories with the geography and grammar stuff, The: general’ sneer throughout these letters at “brilliancy” or avything that grows restless ‘under’ the “circus ring” round of the graded system, indicates how strongly the routine system is championed. Of the boys and girls who attend our pub- lie schools 90 per cent leave as soon as they | can read and write.. How many leave be- cause they can’t.sing with the grade, if any, we do not know, but those whose progress depends upon ‘the progress of others, and desire to progress according to their own ability, seek of necessity some other school. Pertinent to this matter we find in a Phila- delphia paper a letter written by a father, stating that he heard his little girl sobbing ; over a rule which she was trying to commit to memory, the “rule”: being in the follow- | ing words: Rule for short division rule dash one write the divisor atthe left of the dividend, semi- | colon, begin at the felt band comin, und divide the number denoted by euch figure Of tho divi- dend by the divisor, comma, und write the quo- tient beneath, ppriod. Paragrapn. 2. If there ig u remainder atrer any division comma, rezard it as pretixed to the next figure comma, und di- vide as before period. Lf any. partial dividend is less than tho divisor, comina, prefix it ta tho next figure, comma, and write & cipher in tho quotient periud. Paragraph proof period dust multiply the quotient. by the divisor, commu, und add the remuinder, comma, if any, comma, to the product, periad. ‘The statement eoutinues: After reading these pamnfully idiotic para- graphs, the amazed parent mude ioguity and found that tho pupils—children under l—were required to study: cules in this way in order that they might. be able to write them out and wm, not correctly, but according to the book. “Talsy found,” be udds, “that if a comma was left out, though the gense remained ch in Joss of marks as though she had committed a vital bluuder. ounks to home instruction, my little girl understands the rules of arithmetic, but she cannot learn them by rote in this parrot fagaion, and suffers accordingly. Can we bave nothing done in this matter to relieve our children from utterly useless tnemorizing that leaves them at the end of u few years. with weakened minds and no tuste for studs? [ got a letter the Ohad wraduated from auniversity. He could nefther write nor spell correctly (spelling gues *gase') and yet ut school, a few years ago. he could glibly recite all the rules of grammar, and was jo inenns ao in ditferent pupil under the system thut does ‘not educate.’ We suppose that the Philadelphia teachers will be as indignant at this public complaint of the barbarism and cruelty of this rule as the tencher of the La Salle Street School i: atthe complaintof ‘Tus Triune against the objectionable routine of the graded system. Nevertheless, itis possible that in the light of public discussion both systems will in the end be reformed. A FORTY YEARS’ WAR. The war between Mr. Conkling and Mr. Blaine has raged seareely twenty years. Lt is a mere skirmish as compared with the war between the Chicago veterans, John Went- worthand Jonathan Young Scammon, which has lasted forty years, and now gives prom- ise of afresh and vigorous campaign. Both parties to thecontest belong to the church militant, Mr. Wentworth always knows he is right, and Mr. Scammon always knows he is right. ‘Lhe presumption is that in the pres- ent controversy both thadistinguished gen- tlemen are right, Mr. Wentworth has a suspicion that his membership fee went into the Marie Bank, and that the Historical Society never recoy- ered the same from that defunct institution. This is a mere suspicion of Mr. Wentworth, itshould be noted. Mr. Wentworth does not pretend to Know he is right in this particular instance. On the other hand, Mr. Seammon has an_ impression that Mr. Wentworth never paid $300 or any other sum of money into the treasury of the society as a membership fee. Mr. Scammon_ is not ‘absolutely certain, but he has a very strong impression that Mr, Went- worth was made a life member of the society in return for ‘a quantity of Congressional documents which he had received as a mem- ber of Congress.” It follows that Mr. Seam- mon is confident that the Marine Bank could not have “stolen” any of Mr. Wentworth’s money through the Historical Society, be- cause he entertains such a strong opinion that the society never had any of Mr. Went- worth’s money to deposit in the Marine Bank, As he managed the bank, he must have been: familiar with its usages. He knows probably that the bank was not in the habit of receiving “Congressional documents” on deposit, and hence is quite ‘sure that the bank not only did not steal Mr. Wentworchss money, but didnot steal his Congressional documents. Indeed, the probability is very strong that if the Historical Soviety had in fact deposited Mr. Wentworth’s Congress- ional documents in the Marine Bank the in- stitution might have drawn them out in kind. ‘Thestatement of Mr. Scammon does not, however, wholly settle the question. Mr. Wentworth is a man of strict business hab- j its. If-he deposited with the society. cer- tain Congressional documents in lieu of the | money price of a membership he has a right to inquire what became of the documents. ; The society has no right to squander its | property, whether in money or books and Assuming that Mr. Scammon is right in declaring that Mr. Went- worth did donate a quantity of Con- fressional documents to the society as the equivalent of $300—the price of a mein- bership fee—the presumption is that Mr. Wentworth regards said documents and the sum of $300 as convertible terms; that in al- luding to the alleged fact that his $300 has been stolen he means that his Congressional documents have been stolen, This theory relieves the controversy of much embarrassment. It becomes, perhaps, amere misunderstanding. Mr, Wentworth thinks his Congressional documents were ° deposited in the Marine Bank, that they were never drawn out of the bank, and that they constitute part of the claim of the Llistorical Society on which that venerable institution recovered judginent against the Marine Bank. Now, if they were not deposited in the bank, but remained in the archives of the society, Mr. Wentworth has ; no quarrel with Mr. Scammon, If they were deposited there, but drawn outin the regu- Jar course of business, still Mr. Wentworth has no cause of quarrel with fr. Scammon. Suppose the Congressional documents were deposited in the Marine Bank as collateral security for a Joan of $150, and suppose the ; loan was subsequently paid at maturity, as it.must be presumed such a loan would be paid, the documents would naturally be re- turned to the shelves of the society. Mr. Wentworth might, perhaps, justly complain that this was putting the precious documents in jeopardy, but it would hardly justify the charge that they were stolen. . But! whether Mr. Wentworth’s documents were deposited in the Marihe Bank as so much actual money—$sv0—or as collateral foraloan does not matter materially. If they were returned to the shelves of the His- torical Society Mr. Wentworth has no cause of quarrel with Mr. Scammon. Were they so returned ? ‘ It is probable that Mr. Scammon can an- swer this question and adduce proof on the subject. He says: “Aiter the burning of the | building in the great fire of 18711 gathered together whatever was left of the society’s H Ubrary, and as soon as 1 had a roof to cover } Tmy own head put it and the contributions ; that were made to it into a room in my own building, No. 16 Congress street, and added to it a large number of books from it } Jution, and the fate of $300 worth of Con- > cific 3 \ them to wind up their affalrs.- It is in every ; tions of the kind, and the process of squeez- } my own private library, and there started a library for the society again.” ‘This second library was unfortun- ately destroyed by fire in 1874. But in tho two years during. which the resurrected library of the society remained at No. 16 Congress street tors saw at least a por- tion, perhaps all, of Mr. Wentworth’s docu- ments. Doubtless Mr, Scammon said to many a visitor, pointing to the documents: “hese dusty tomes of Congressional lore ; were conveyed to the society by the Hon. John Wentworth in lieu of the regular mem- | bership-fee of $300.” Let hiin call some of | these visitors and prove by them that Mr. ! Wentworth’s documents were burned, not stolen. We make these suggestions in the interest ! of peace between two old citizens of Chicago. Me. Wentworth and Mr, Scainmon are prom- ! inent figures in the history of this city. They have done the State some service. Forty years is too long tor any war to work deso- | ij gressional documents is not a sufficient | ground for raking up the embers of an ancient feud. SIGNIFICANCE OF TEE LATE BANK FAIL- | 23, The suspension of the million-dollar Pa- ; ional Bank of Boston and the em- barrassment of the Central Bank of the sane city, following shortly ttpon the failure of | the Mechanics’ National Bank of Newark, N.J., denote a shrinkage in values which is anatural reaction from overstrained specula tion, This circumstance has a. broader sig- nificance .and more important bearing on business affairs than the immediate conse- ; quences to stockholders and depositors. ; Whether.the Mechanics’ Bank of Newark | was gutted in order to carry a morocco Jeather manufacturing firm which had } extended its business far. beyond its resources, of to gratify its Cashier’s inclination to’ speculate in Wall street. and whether -the suspension of the Pacitie Bank of. Boston: was necessitated by the overdrafts of a single depositor or by advances to % number of customers for ; gambling in stocks, the result in both cases | was due to the contraction of the last two inonths, which is the rebound from extrava- gant and unreasonable: speculation. ‘The universal tendency to rushjin and buy secur- ities and commodities of all kinds, and to | strain individual and corporate credit in { order to purchase to an extent largely in ex- cess of the power to pay, led to top-heavy ; prices, and thus to atumble which has borne : down upon some of the most reckless specu- | jators and involved their backers. i One Weeks, a stock-broker, is said to have | exhausted the resources of the Pacific | Bank to a degree that made suspension nec- { essary. This operator is represented as carrying about $4,009,000 of stocks on a margin of asmall fraction of that amount, and apparently drew from the Pacific Bank nearly the whole of his margin. ‘The shrinkage in speculative stocks during the past few weeks has practically exhausted his margin, and, of course, he could not meet his ability to the bank. Probably other operators were carried by the bank in like manner, and a similar shrinkage in the watered stocks helped to deplete the assets. Ain overstrain of. credit is sure to lead to disaster sooner or tater, Individual cases of this kind are constantly oceurring in the very best of times and among the prosperous conuuunities. It is owing to the fact that the inflation of credits had become very general that a reaction set in on. all sides about the same time, and overtook and swallowed up thuse who had got in beyond their depth. ‘The revival of prosperity during the past twelve or eighteen months, the extent and variety of new investinents, and the tempta- tion to make money rapidly by speculation are circumstances which have led thousands of men to risk more than they had. As the lambs tlocked in to buy bonds, stock, grain, provisions, and everything else which is sold on margins, the prices went up; the advance was continuous until the speculators under- took to realize on their fictitious profits, and other’ unfavorable condiuons _ presented themselves. The grain-buyers in the West began to find that, though. the inerican erop -was short, there was a surplus of Russian, Californian, and Aus- tralian wheat to supply the foteign demand, and that there was no call for the wheat ‘of the Northwest at the extravagant prices to which. speculation had advanced it, Stock- gambling in New York received a shock froin the assault on President Garfield which was suflicient to disturb public confidence. The speculators who had made a profit sought to untoad their stocks, anda decline set in which has gone on more or less steadily ever since. As margins began to waste away under this decline there grew up a more desperate demand for money, rages of inter-+ est advaiiced, the supply of money became searcer, many of the speculators were driven to the wall, and such banks as were most deeply involved with .the speculative class were weakened, A few of them have been forced into liquidation. We cannot regard the failure of such in- stitutions as the Mechanics’ National Bank of Newark and the Pacific National Bank of Boston in the light of public calamities. It is not unlikely that a good many other banks throughout the country are complicated with the speculators, and in all cases where their capital has Leen seriously impaired it is to be hoped that something shall occur to force i i H } respect beiter that unsound financial institu- tions, involved by speculation, should be ; wiped out than that they should continue to j sustain fictitious prices and an excess of eredit.by abusing the misplaced confidence + of their depusitors. if inflation of credits were tu be maintained and further encouraged } by the banking interests generally, the result ; imthe end would bea general collapse; but if the banks which have become weakened-: by bad management, a dishonest use of as- sets, or reckless speculation shall be prompt- ly compelled to settle up their affairs the in- | dividual losses of stockholders and deposit- ors will beinsignificantas compared to asud- den explosion all along the line at some day not far distant. Asconcerns Hike the Me- | ehanies’ and Pacific banks are wound up, aft- ' er having been disemboweled by the conniy- : ance of dishonest officers and reckless specu- ; lators, the chances for conservative man- ; agement will improve among other institu- ing the air and water out of inflated credits will be continuous, gradual, and effective without any general sliock or panic. It is to be hoped that there may be earnest and determined prosecution of all the bank oflicers who have engaged in praetices which the National-Banking law makes criminal. is law is sufficiently strict: und compre- hensive in its terms'to protect: stockholders and depositors if it were rigidly enforced. ‘The trouble has been that public opinion has notinsisted upon the prosecution and con- viction of the men who havo violated the law. The Boston and Newark banks would seem on the face of their affairsto furnish excellent opportunities for vindicating the Jaw. Half a dozen convictions for criminal | violation of the National Banking act would be of creat service to the business interests | of this country. Meanwhile stockholders ; in the National banks, who are liable for double the amount of their stock.in case of failure, and the depositors who intrust their money to these concerns must look to ; a citizen _ of their own judzment and supervision as in the case of private banks, There is no way in which the statute can protect the creditors Of a bank except the offenders be punished, and the offenders.will. rarély be punished as long as the public condone the practice .of gambling and the betrayal of trust almost in- variably incident to wild and universal spec- ulation. is INTELLIGENT JOBIES. ‘There is no question in-the administration of justice, and especially in the adwlnistra- uon of the criminal law, on which there is agreater diversity of opinion than that con- cernmg the selection and qualiticauon of jurors. It isa matter which has been dis- cussed in every State of the Union, and one which there have been repeated -efforts to regulate by statute, but the diversity of opiniun prevails, to the great scandal and de- feat of justice. Judicial decisions bave not sueceeded in fixing any rule, and im the same States the statutes pn the subject are vari- ously construed by the courts. The laws of the States have certain. general provisions which are substantially the same in all; thus {@ person to be a. juror must be a of the United States, must be the county or district i which he is called on to serve; must bea male adult; must be of an age not exceeding citizen aprescribed number of years; must be able ; to see and hear, and generally of a reputable character, and of ordinary intelligence. In most of the States there are regulations zov- erning the selection of jurors, both for the regular panel and under a special venire. In some Staiés the jurors must be drawn in | certain prescribed forms, at certain dates, and by. certain officers, from the poll-lists, or otherwise, these. regulations not being uni- | form, but generally intended for the same end. On all these matters there does not seem tobe muchdilticuity. is in the selection of the twelve jurors to try a particular case. The trouble does not oc- cur so inuch in determining the legal qualifi- cations of a juror as in determining his dis- qualifications, This difficulty is, of course, greatly in- creased by the strong objection of the great mass of citizens to serve on juries if they can possibly avoid doing so. At the opening of aterm of any Criminal Court it is not an un- usual thing for at least one-balf the jurors who have been summoned to apply to the Court to be excused, and the most ingenious i pretexts are made to induce the Court to re- lease them. . Pleas of business occupations to be greatly injured by absence from stores, offices, counting-rooms, and factories are strongly urged, and. this, too, by the very | class of men who make the best and most in- tellizent jurors. When jurors are thus ex- cused their places are filled by others, and, it is too often the case, by bystanders seeking employment, and glad and willing to serve for the per diem allowed by law. These dif- ficulties mostly prevail among jurors select- edin large cities. * We desire particularly, however, to call attention to the difficulty of. selecting a jury in the case of murder or other serious case of felony where the offense has been com- mitted under peculiarly aggravated or sen- sational circumstances, leading to a general discussion of the facts by tke public and | through the newspapers, and when every intelligent or reading member of the com- munity has heard and read something of the ease. In this State it has been determined that every man accused of murder is en- titled to be tried by a fair and impartial jury, and that no man can be a fair or im- partial juror who has conversed with others or who has read the statements and the evi- dence on the preliminary investigations, and on what he has heard or read has formed an opinion as to the guilt or innodence ot the accused. Under such an interpreta- tion of the law there are but few in- telligent persons in a community where reading the newspapers is universal who have not, and that, too, with wholly unpreju- diced’ mind, formed an opinion on what they have heard or read. The result has been that where such a construction of law prevails it is almost an impossibility to select a jury-who are not disqualified to serve in any case which has become in any way noto- rious. This ruling of the Illinois Court pre- yails more or Jess in hal€ the States of the country, hence the frequency with which the public are startled by verdicts rendered by juries where persons will falsely bring them- selves within this qualification, or who from Jack of intelligence or indifference to current events do really come within the limitations, and thus ignorantly, though honestly, give felony a wider scope of tolerance than is consistent with law, justice, or publicsafety. Under this decision of the Illinois Court it would have been an utter impossibility to have obtained a jury in Chicago to try the Guiteau case, and yet, under the ruling of a.) very able and accomplished Judge, holding court at the very seat of the crime, a fair and impartial jury was selected without dif- ficulty. Judge Walter S. Cox, at the very opening of the case, stated to the counsel on both sides that in the examination of jurors no man should be rejected because of any feeble impression on his mind, because if that rule was correct the result would follow that the most illiterate and uninformed per- sons would be deemed the best jurors.. On the important point of jurors having read newspaper versions and comments, the Court said: It is now generally. if not uaiversally, azreed thui such opinions or impressions us ire merely gathered from newspapers or public report, and ure mere hypothetical or condicfonat opinions, dependent upon the truth of the reports, and not so tixed as to prevent one from giving a fairand finpartinl hearing to the accused, and rendering a verdict uccording to the evidence, do not dis- quality. We think that all intelligent people, whether of the tegal profession or not, will heartily and cordially accept this rul.ng of Judge Cox as a clear-and eminently wise rule governing thig all-important: question, and on which there has been such a wide dit- ference of judicial opinion. It secures to the accused everything that he can justly demand—a “trial by a fair and impartial jury.” The law, while it accords this to the prisoner as a matter of mght, assumes also that the jury shall be men of fair and ordi- nary intelligence. Under this ruling courts. are not driven to the necessity of selecting | i} t | men who are too illiterate and too unin- formed to have a common knowledge of passing events. Idiocy under such a rule ceases to be ata premium in the jury-box. — The general course of Judge Cox in this trial, and his ealin dignity and thorough fair- ness, have commended him to the American public, but his ruling in this matter of the | disqualification of jurors is so wise andso just | that it is possible it may become the general law of the land, and survive the memory of even this memorable case. ™ Tar presumably estimable but altogether too greatly advertised. young man Mr. J. Stan- ley Brown, is again to the: fore in the Wash- ington dispatches, the Iatest announcement The real trouble ; ful looks cast upon him by M and. “tho. -yolccless’ pleadfigs. of gee Nation which {s tosbe bereft of his services at a time-when-it needs them most, Bir. J. Stanley Brown is zoing solemnly over tig” side of the Ship of State, whose quarter-deck tg uous ocean of political strife without the sound of bis clurion voice to guide sach. inexpericnceg * mariners as Messrs. Arthur, Blaine, Lincoln, et al. It is a sad blow, and comes ike a black. cloud over the gold-tinted horizon of the future that loomed up so invitingly before us, but the American people must bear it bravely, and some day their reward will surely come. . Mr, J, Stanley Brown, It may be well to state, was the’ President's private secretary. i 3 ® — Contentment. "a “Enough is good as a feast.” So saig Gascoigne four hundred years ago; and poery and philosophers have been Inboring ever since { tolmpress the truth of the proverb upon the more and more restless world of humanity. The books are full of pagsuges lke the fullowing: “When the best things are not possible, the best may be mude of those that are.” “He igs happy whose circumstances suit his temper; but he is more excellent who can suit bis temper to any circumstances.” “A quiet mediocrity is stitlto ; be preterred before a troubled supertiuity.” | “To secure a contented spirit measure your de. { Slres by your fortunes, and not your fortunes by j Your desires.” “‘fhut happy state of mind, so” | Farely possessed, in which we cam su, “I have { enough,’ is the highest attainment of philugophy, Happiness consists, not in possessing much, but | in belng contont with what we possess. He who wants little always hus Gnough.” But there are so very few who want “ttle " that looking for he who bas cnough is like “bunting | for a needle in tho baymow.” 3Mr. Goldsmith's | Vicar of Waketleld was equal to every emex gency of misfortune. But Mr. Primrose was {afterall tho mere coinage of ‘Mr. Goldsmitn's | brain, and even that ingenious author had not the heart to let bis hero of fiction go unre-- warded, which was a tacit admission that, in hig | opinion, the good Vicar would be happier in the” } Possession of ubundunce thun in enduring want —in 2 word, that Mr. Primrose would prefer to meusure his fortunes by hia desires rather than his desires by his fortunes. Itiga question, notwithstanding all the fine epigrammatic sayings in supportot the proposte tion, whether “a quiet mediocrity is stilt to be preferred before a trousied supertluity.* | Southey boldly antagonizes the common con- j teatment theory in saying: “Itis aot for man j to rest in absolute contentment... fle {3 bora to. j hopes and uspiranons, us the sparks tly upward, {unless -he hus brutified his nature, and ; quenched the spirit of immortality which {4s bis portion.” But’ these hopes and ; aspirations make men feverish and restless; and the higher they mount on fortune’s ladder the | more restlesly uncomfortable they, become, and , this state of mind often defents the very intent of ambition. Walter Bagehot says: “ An ins- © bility to stay quiet, an Irritable desire to act di- rectly, is one of the most conspicuous fatlings of mankind,” and be quotes Pusval’s sphorism. | —* Most of the evils of life arise from man’s in~ H ability to sit still.in a room "—in support of the proposition. He declares that “ it was the irri- table uctivity, the wish to be doing sumothing,” ; that postponed to the present age “a great a0- cumulation, of proved scieace.” He adds: “Even In commerce, which fs now the maiq occupanon of mankind, and one in which there i8a ready teat of success und failure wanting in many higher pursuits, the sume disposition to excessive action is'apparent to cureful obsery- ers. Part of every mania iseaused by the impo3- sibility to get people to confine themselves to the amount of business for which their capital fa sufficient, andin which they can engage safely. + + + Operanons with their own cupital will only occupy tour hours of the day, and they wish to be active and industrious for eizbt hours, and so they are ruined. If they could only have sat idie the other four bours they would buve been rich men.” He proceeds to remark upon the subject.of the increase of machines and in- ventions. “How painful 1s the conclusion that itisdudious whether all the machines and in- ventions of mankind ‘have yet lightened the day's Jabor of a human being.’ They have enabled more people to exist, but these people. work just a3 hard and are just a3 mean and misérableas the elder and the fewer.’? There is not much difference between this conclusion of the author whose book {s now - fresh from the press and that of the Koma’ Emperor Aurelius of the second: century, who said: “See bow ephemeral and-‘worthless bus man things are, and what was yesterday a little mucus tomorrow will be 2 mummy or ashes. Pass, then, through this little space of time suitably to Nature, and end thy journey in con- tent, just-aa an olive falls off when it Is ripe, blessing Nature who produced it and thanking the tree on which ic grew.” Gut neither the gloomy view of Bagehot nor the soothing philosophy of the old Roman Em-. peror serves to imbue the heart of mun with the Divine solace of contentment. Macnines and inventions will continue to multiply, notwith- standing they may fail to “Ifghteno the day’s labor” orto raise mankind by a hair's breadth from their ‘mean and miserable” condicion uf trial and suffering; and few—nay, not one—will “end his journey in content,” falling ike the olive without sensation, without regret, and without an unsatistied ambidon. The bruin of the civilized mun may be larger by 30 per cent than that of the savage, but the consoquent increased capacity of the civilized man to reason, to consider the problems of life, to mensuro the here and speculate about tha hereafter, docs not enable him to reach a higher plane of content than the savage who cannot count beyond five. Clearly contentment is not to be expected from the growth of the brain. The men. of targe brain tower above their fel+ slows and easily seize the great prizes of life, and those below struggle all the more flercely be~ cause ineffectuully for the prizes beyond their rerch. Hence, in the lower circle there is end- Jessdiscontent. And in the upper circle It is no better, for there it ig a battle of the giants. Encb targe-brained mao makes berculean efforts not merely to rival but to excel all the other Jarge-brained mec. Hence colossal fortunes and colossal reputations fill the souls of all mexner men with jealousy and envy, and so contentment is thrust guito dut of the pale of eivilizauion. ’ Asbrewd observer Iately remarked that the most deplorable effect of tho accumulation of many vast estates {3 the crusbing out of am> bition among young men. The hopelesness off the task of atte.npting to rival them produces! discouragement, and discouragement produces despondeacy, and despondency indolence. This is not content, but despair, and to despair is to full into the lust ditch. a It would seem that thore can be no content- ment without equality, and civilizedion—train- ing and culture—renders more and more pro- nounced the inequatities of human beings. To sigh for contentment is therefore equivalent to pleading for a return to u state of savagery, for it ign the savage state that men are most near- ly équal, since they are there most ignorant. But the savage tribe bas its chief, and the chief cuts off the head of the man who offends his Majesty. La Fontaine has this wise precept on the subject: “Happy the man who lives at home, making it his business to regulate his de- sires! He only knows by hearsay what the cours means, the sea, and thy empire, O fortune, who makest to pass before our eyes digalties, wealth, which men follow to the end of the world, with- out the result ever corresponding to her prom- ines.” ‘Tue courts of the Province of Quebec (the population of which is almost entifely ttoman Catholic) have decided that the Orange Society, . an anti-Catholic orgunization, is iMlegal, and, consequently, that tne arrest of David Grant, President of the society, by the Mayor of Mon- trent in July, 1877, was proper. Tho arrest wad made, as will be remembered. during the riotous times which generally accompany the celebration of the 12th of July by the Orangemen. Mr. Graat naturally desired to celebrate the Battle of the Bogue in proper style with his society, and sev- erat thousand {oman Catholics, inspired with religious fervor, proceeded to. assemble and throw bricks in a most miscellaneous manner. As the shortest way of settling the difficulty, the concerning him being that he hés uccepted an offer from Mrs. Gartield to arrange the letters and papers of the lato President so that they can be used by his biographer. It is also stated that Mr. Brown only accepted thia proposition after a long consultation with himself, being loath to leave President Arthur, in whose serv- ice he has been since the death or President Garfield, with the entire burden ot the Govern- ment on his shoulders. “But,” says tho dis- Mayor of Montreal caused tne arrest of Grant | the leader of one of the opposing factions. Be~ ing a Roman Catholic himgelf, the Mayor did ; ot like to interfere with the excited gentlemen j who were throwing bricks for his side. Graa’ - sued the Mayor for false imprisonment, and te ¢ Court of Queen's Bench decided that the Orang?) soclety was illegal, as stated above. Under this decision it would seem. that the Orangemen would experience no difficulty in having te Ho=!~ patch, “Mr. Brown feels that. on account of his | man Cathulle socleties alsu dectared illegal, {tat peculiar relations to the late President, this re- quest is in the nature of a command that cannot be disregarded”—and so, in spite of the wiat- | will necessarily become a thing of the past. 29 whieh cuse the annual interchange of brickbataso ~ and profanity over the doings ot ‘King W1! has paced for @ matter of nine mouths, and the” E stately vessel must put forth into the tempest. - 1 ie © $