Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 20, 1881, Page 3

3 an THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1881I—TWELVE PAGES = ee ee —————E——————— ee ye waa atillachance, and a big chance, ‘That chance Jay in hfs removal, and President took It, But now each fresh paltetin simply served to confirm the that.) even— thls Inst. = ehianco Abeen completely used up. ‘The change tecene, the sen air, the sightof the breakers hing ou tho shore, and tho presence of rersthing that might tend to cheer as well ‘ eure had all been utilized, and yet where ovr was tho patient advantaged? If tho 7 {dont coultl recover anywhere ho could rank Branch; If not at Long Branch, ‘ mpowhere. Such was tho reasoning and yeh tho hopeless conclusion of a people gho for cloven weary weeks havo been hop- foc analnst hope, KCASIONALLY, TOWEVER, SOME UNUB UALLY NUOYANT NATURE, pefasing fo beliove the worst until the worst ihowld come, would point out what to him, it feast, was taken fur a ray of hope, foo of these was n short, heavy-sct, juioold man, with long gray whiskers and passumption of authority in his tone and nis words, who remarked that othors wight do what they Ilked, though he youldn’t belleve Garileld was dying until ho jeard ho was dead.“ Why, look at it”? he ygued, as he caught o bystander who ovi- ently Wanted to be talked to as a menns of rllef from a tno constant applicatton to the gloomy” bulleting, ‘just look at it, The president ties thore In his cottage, and looks jtof his window on the sen, fle breathes Intheocean breeze, His mind fs clear; ho {n't delirious. His appetite is good. hat ff his pulso js high? Why, ere aro hundreds of people right yero fu Chicago whose pulses thump away Just like hig under excitement, 1 can axcite you til yours gots up to 130 or more. President’s got a good deal of Nfoin hin yet. ‘There’s no. use In giving up. Never say die.” Shortly before the receiptof. the 1:45 spo- ye EMERY A. STORRS, with his pallid faco and white. hat, edged Jato the crowd, scanned the bulletin nearest pearborn strect, and walked slowly on, read- ing the others as he went, until ho arrlyed at the latest. “Bad, very bad,’ was his remark toa ‘Tnpene reporter, who stood watching the exer-noving, ever-chunging crowd. *’l’cm- perature 03.3, ‘fhat’s the worst feature yot. Itforetells another ehitl,” Thoconversation naturally turned on that {opic 4o inseparably connected with the caso from Its very -beginniag—its surgical treat- ment—and a bystander sadly put tersely ob- served that everything seemed to indicate tha beginning of the end of the doctors’ eleven weeks’ oxperimont, “Tho thue to havo saved Gen. Garfleld's Ie,” remarked Mr, Storrs, ‘ was the day he wasshot, If he had been n coal-heaver, in- stead of boing President of tho United States, they would Lavo had him out in two weeks. Thoy would have turned him over and plugged for that bullet, got !t out, and saved his life. But they didn’t doit. They didn't even undress him until 9 o’clock that alght—twelve hours after he was shot—and that gave Bliss time enough to brag.” ‘Tho conversation was cut short about this ilme by the appearance of the 1:45 special, with its sad confirmation of the fears that another chill wasonly too Imminent, In spite of the efforts making to maintain the tom- weraturo of the President's body, - The brilliant Inwyer, whose flashes of wit and bursts of eloquence have moved courts and. juries and stirred vast concourses of people, now to iaughter, now to patriotic fervor, and now to fiery indignation, turned on his heel, and, with the sad words, O dear, It’s allover,” slowly walked away. 5 But the crowds hung around all through theafternoon and far Into the evenlug, sor- rowfully gazing at the Jater bulletins, but without receiving any encouragement from thelr cheorless contents, ‘Iha most that could bo hoped was that the end aight be deferred few hours, possibly a fow days; but that there was any good ground for helleving that tho President woul live was too darlng a thought, ap- parently, to be for a moment malntained by the average mind, —o THE END. RECEIPT OF THE TERRINLE NEWA, And the end was indeed deferred only n few hours. ‘The bulletins, though clothed in words which at another time might havo kindled a spark of hope, seemed like mock- try now, when bope had died out of human breasts, ‘Tha desponding words of the At- tornvy-General echoed the gencral sentiment of the dwindling crowds in front of the news- paper ofttces, and the public’s fears were teallzed only too soon. ‘The saddest news which has burdened tho telegraph wires since Lincoln offered up his soul was borne across the Jand and re- celved fn Chicago shortly after 10 o'clock, ‘Tho President was dead, after eleven weeks of suffering and a grand, noble fight for lite, Tho woful intelligonce was soon abroad throughout the entire elty, borne on the still ulght alr by tho sadly solemn tones of the tolling fire-bells, ineasured and glow, striking "49." tho number of the Prosident’s years. It ‘Was tho algnal arrauged for while the Presi- dent was supposed to be dying in tho Inst crisis at Washington, and yet so loth wera sonia to belivve that thoend had flnally come, while others had apparently forgotten and uow wondered what it all meant, that all tho Neweprpur oflices were at once besieged by telephone calls from ali over the city, asking it Uo sad news was fudecd true. Tho telephone Wires have wafted message after message from one end of Chicago to tho other since the 2d of July, whon the Presidunt was stricken down, but the saddest of them atl Were sent out through these great arteries of communteation Just night, while the solemn dlrgo performed by the engine-house bells fell upon a hushed and awed community, l- Jeut in the presence of Death, crushed in the hour of the Natton’s calamity, THE HOTELS, | The nows spread slowly at first at the Grand Vacific and the Palmer, ‘hore wero but few people around tho rotundas, and no bultetins wore displayed. ‘The clerks Were applied to as ench =~ new comer caught the rumor, and they Contirmed the sad news, Owing totho lato hour at which the nows ‘became ktown there waa no excitement whatever, Now and then a belated guost walked hur- tledly to the counter, hoard the news, gave #oue expression of sorrow, and with a sad- dened face went to his room, A few of the eatre-goers whocame in after the nuws had spread stopped for a few minutes to ex change Condolences, and then they too wont Mlently to thetr rooms, Up-stalrs there was tore antmation than ig usual at that hour, lends were waked up to be Informed of the calamity, and the news was whispered slong the lialls from door to door, ‘The bell- as carried the news every tino they wero th led, and many who wore retiring were t usiuformed, All night loug guests came hh slowly, but after the first hour everybody ad heard it outalde, and but few at any {ine were to bu found about the halls, i Tue Tiouxe reporter was the first to. rhea! the news of tho death uf the President the Sherman House last night, not moro an a minute or two after the dispateh had h n recelved ut Tux Tumune office, The Dur was quite fate, fifteen minutes past 10, au the rotunda and exchange were almost at But the sad news spread tlko wild- rh and soon people came hoyering about © Newexatheror anxiously adking, ‘Is it bc A Hittio fater the news was con- et at the telegraph office In the hotel, for ben operator received a dispateh from El- rise N. Ju which read: “he President ed at 10:05 this evening.” a re ,, the President {s dead,” ejaculated ti “That such fortitude and quiet pa- sence ghould oud thus, My God, how 1}. wish 1 could get nt the man who caused him sucht agony.’ An old voteran sald: “LTonly want to know how they will KHl-Cutteau. {11 be one of six who wilt volunteer to execute hint by shooting.’? Mr, Moses Wentworth anid: “There never ‘Was a Woray assnsination, Think how this poor man suffered, and then had to succumb ab last. I haraly expectert tho end ro soon.” “TL do pity hy poor wifonnd azed mother,” aatd Capt. Jewett Wilcox. “Chink what agony thoy have endined. ‘There that great jinn has laid and suffered for seventy-nine days, Yut 1 can’t believe bets dend. It seuins 80 sudden after all, Edd have hopes, when fie seemed to hold out so long, that he would rally and Ive, but Ll suppose itis all for tho best. But it seems so hard. There Hever was anything like ft known’! ‘Tho utterances of pity and commiseration for tho grict-stricken family of the President were siiicero and heartfelt, and every one ex- pressed tho greatest admiration for the noblo, goad, and uncompiaining man who tad passed away, “A Natlon’s veneration and love will follow him to the grave,” sald ong Man, “but God help the nssasin Mr. Wentworth insisted that Guiteau would surely be hung, whether he was tried in Washington or New Jersey. It was all thesame. No Jury could ever be gotten to- gether which would not convict tim in any State of the Union. Col. ILulbert, the propristor of the Shor- man House, came in after the Council adt- Journed, He was exceedingly touched, and could speak but faw words,“ It is tug bad, too bad. Lenn’t tell what will be done,” Ne gave orders that the Nagon the hotel should be placed at hatlinast. At the Tremont House one gentleman said that tho death of the President, though ex- pected, could not help but sertousty aifect the business interests of the country, und that it would causo a good deal of general trouble {f not disaster. ‘There were but few persons around the rotunda of the house, but these fow seemed to feel deeply, and some of them expressed the Sercest indignation ,at the wreteh who had caused go much attfering to an Innocent man, thrown a family In the agony of grief, and caused 80 great a calam- ity to befalla peaceful Nation tn the midst of prosperity, When the theatres let ont, about 11 o'clock, THE EXCITEMENT ON TIE STREETS became quite intense. ‘Tha news of tho death of tho Dresident had then be- come generally known, and every one began to Inquire about the details of the dying scone, A'Tnrtune reporter who happened to bo on Clark street when tho Grand Opera-House audience came out Was assailed on nll sides with ,questions which he was upable to answer, oxcept to contirm tho sad news. . The people with one voice scenied to demand a speedy trial and conviction of the nasasin Gulteau, — THE WESTERN UNION. RECEIVING THE NEWS, ‘The dispatch announcing the President's death was recetved at 10 o’clock nt the West- ern Union Telecraph Company's oftices, and came from Washington. Operator A. 1, Baker was the first to. receive the news, and Henry V. Warren was the operator at tho Washington ofice who sent ft, Mr, Baker was receiving a “special” atthe time, giving the opinion of a Washington physielan in reference to blood-polsoning, and bearing especially upon tho Istest symptoms in the President’s Hiness, and all at once he was cutoff, aud the following came over the wires: “The operator at Long Branch has just informed the operator here [Washington] that the Prestdant Is dead.” ‘Thts was the first news received inthecity, and was regarded as a rumor, but it fell like @ pall upon the ofice, and in a moment was watted to the street, and everywhero. re- celved with the deepest regret. The next news reeelved was trom Now York, and, though unofiicial, it was confirm. atory, cleared away all doubt, and aerved to convince those who heard of it that the worst hadcome. It announced that the bells there and in Washington were being tolled, and that there was no doubt about the President’s death, Thereafter an officint confirmation was sought, but word camo back that it would be utterly impossible to gat anything farther for somo time, because the cottage at Long Branch where the President had beon stop- ping was about two miles away from tho telegraph office, and, beside, overything was confusion and exeltement. It was midnight. before. Long Branch could bo heard from direct, but an hour before the dranded event had been abundantly confirmed from othur UTCOS, sources, TUE CITY AUTHORITIES, ACTION OF TILE COUNCIL, Tho city Council, at n quarter after 10 o'clock Inst evehing, had under considera- tion the report of a committes recommend- ing that the Chicago Sugnr-Relining Com- pany be allowed to use one-third of Taylor street from Bench to the river for their building materiat, Ald. Lawler lind the floor, Suddenly tho fire-alarm bell In tho halle way near the Fire Marshals offico—avout 100 fevt from the Counell Chamber—began tolling, ‘Tho intervals betweon the strokes seemed longer than those givon for a fire, and whon tho fourth blow was given by the hhommer, Ald,” Cullorton arose and anid: President is dend. do now adjourn,” ‘Cho announcement was a great surprise to every one, All, of courso, knew of the crit- ical condition of the President, but they wero unaware of what tho fire-alarm bell had todo with hisdeath, Half a dozen Al- dermen suid, “Are you sure?” and thelr ap- pealing looks requires an oxplanation. Ald, Cullerton said the Mayor dlrected tho Superintendent of the Fire-Alarm ‘Telo- graph to'strike "49" on tho bells throngh- out the city in caso Presidunt Gurfield died, he being 49 years old, : Ald. Wickershan—I think it would bo ap- propriate for the Council to take some action in reference to the matter, Ald. Uildreth—Let us adjourn now ang act ata called mecting, Ald, Altpstor—Let us break right off here, ‘The Mayor then put the motion, and It was unanimously adopted by a rising vote. Boveral of the Aldermen wanted to mect atonca and adopt approprinte resolutions, but others stggested that it would be better to como together at another tle. Finally Tho Mayor said: A special mecting of the Council will be hold at8 o'clock tomorrow (this) afternoon, And thus'the Coungil showed Its respect for the dead President—atopping Inthe midst of its business, and going hone, All the Aldermen—Demeocrats and Socialists as well as Ropublicans—expressed with gonuing foeling thelr admiration of James A. Gartleld as a inan and as President of the United States, and thelr regret ut his death, MAYOR HARRISON, A ‘Tuiwune reporter enw Mayor Marrison subsequently, and asked him {fhe Intended to lasue a proclamation, ’ “No,” he replied, “Tho * businessmen would ba unable to notify thelr employés to- night not to come to tholr stores, and the proclamation, if issued, would not be obeyed, A closing of the stores and o gon erat suspension of all kinds of Inbor tomorrow [today] is an Impossibility, Sof havo thought it best to defer the request un- tilit ls known when President Garileld Is to be buried, Iwill issuon prociamation calling upon the merchants to vioso thelr places of bus iness, Upon managers to shut up thelr theay tros, aud upon all classea in the community to cease laboring while the funeral is taking place, {have already ordered the City-lall to be draped, and the fre-slarm bells to be “Tho 1 move that the Council tolled during the hours of the funeral, and 1 shaft recominend to the Council the appolnt- ment of n committee to be present at the ob- sequies. Approprinte resolutions will be pugsed bySthe Counell tomorrow afternoon,” POSTMASTER PALMEIL hada consiitation with Mayor Harrison Inst might, and decided to close tho Post-Ofics the day of the funeral instend of today, ag tho notice was so short. ‘The other Govern. anentpittees will probably follow this oxamn- es THE FAM Cot. Alvin Hulbert announced ast night that, owing to ‘tha death of the President, there would bono races on the Chicago Fair Grounds today, though the falr would be open. | GES, AIENIDAN hind not heard of the President's death until he was notified of itat his hue by a Tn UNE reporter, Having recelved no official dispatches, he did not know what he should do, and could not tell until ho reached his oftice in the morning, ee THE THEATRES, THEY WILL NE CLOSED TONIGHT. A reporter of ‘Tue ‘Tripuxe mule the rounds of tho theatres Immedin after the news of President Gartield’s death was re ceived for tho purpose of ascertain- ine what tho respective —manngers contompinted doing, At the Grand Opera- House he found Mr, W. IL, Davis, who sald that he could not tell what they would do until after consultation with othor man- agers. If all wgrend to close the Grand would, but, unless there was a general cessa- {lon of business, he did not sen’ why the the- tres should close. He had spoken to Cazau- ran on the subject, in view of the probability of the President's death, and this was the tgreement they reached. Ie belleved that there would bo a meeting of managers helt this (Tuesday) morning, and he would abide by their decision, ‘Mr. Carson, of Haverly’s, stated that his house would certainly be closed to-night. At the Olympic it proved to be impossible to find anybody with suficient knowledge to state what would be done, or to point out any min who could tell, ‘Tho people at the door hunted Industriously for Manager Sprague but found him not, and the reporter was Informed by a youth at the entrance that Sprague was in Indianapolts, - Mr. Richard Hooley was overhauled just as ho was entering a carriage with fils fam- ily to go home. Said the reporter: “Mr. Iooley, Tuk ‘Trmune wants to know whether, In consequence of the death of the President, you will close your house tomor- row night?” “Most certainly, sir,” sald Mr. Hooley, “1 shall close up, whatever anybody else may do, Certainly; you can announce that this theatre will be closed.” Inquiry at MeVicker's failed to proiuca any ono fv responsible authority whom to interrogate, but it is well’ understood that that house will. be closed, arrangements to that effect hnving been maue sone tine ago when the President’s death appeared to be imminent, ‘Tho sud news was announced at none of tho theatres last’ night, with ono exception, and that the Academy of Music. When the intelligence was recelved at the West Madi- son Street Station a messenger was sent over to Mr, Emmott to inform nlm. Le at once stopped the play, told the audience what had happened, and said in the presence of such a calamity It was impossible for the perform- ance to proceed, He was ready, if they wished {,"to refund the money, but the play must atop. ‘The house, which was full to overtlowing, was deoply atfected by the news, many of the women bursting into tears. ‘The orchestra played .a dirge, and the audience dispersed, Mr. Emmett at once sent out for crape, and by midnight his thea- tro was fully draped In mourning. SS THE STORY OF A MARTYR. THE DEAD PRESIDENT. . 1g EARLY LIFE, James Abraham Garfield was born Noy. 10, 183t, in the Township of Orange, Cuyahoga County, Ohto, about fifteen miles from Cleve- Innd, Ills father, Abraham Garfield, camo from New York, but; like his mother, wns of Now England stuck. James was the young- est of four children, The father died in 1833, lenving the family dependent upon a small farm and the exertions of the mother. ‘There was nothing about the elder Garileld to dis- tinguish him from the other plodding farm- ers of tho rather sterllo’‘lownship of Orange, No one could discern any qualities in him, which, transmitted to the next generation, might help to make 4 statesman, unless it was industry; but his wife, who is still living at an advaneed age, was always fond of reading when she could get lelsure from her hard honse- hold duties, and was.a thoroughly capable woman, of strong’ will, stern principles, and more than average force of character, Of the children no one besides James made tha slightest mark in’ the world, The older brothor ts a farmer in Michigan, and the two sisters are farmers’: wives, James hal a hard time of itasa boy, Ho tolled hard on the farm enrly and Jute in summer, and. worked at the carpenter's bench in winter, ‘Tho best of it was that heliked work. Hu had an absorbing ambition to get un education, and tha only rond open to this end scemed that of manual labor, Ready moncy was hard to gut in thoso days, The Ohio Canal ran not far from where Hvad, and, finding that the boatmen got their pay in cash and earned better wages than he could make at farm. mg oor carpontry, ho hired ont as a driver on tho towpath and soon got up to the dignity. of holding tho helm of & boat. Thon he determined to ship asa saflor on the lakes, but an attack of fover and aguo interfered with his plans, Ilo was fll three months, and when ho recovered ho deckled to go to © school called Geauga Academy, In an adjoining county, His mothor had sayed » small sum of monoy, which she gave lim, together with a few cooking utensils and a stock of provisions. Ifo Wired a small room and eqoked his awn food to make his expenses as ght as possi- bie, Io paid his own way after’ that, never calling on his mother for any more nsslst- ance, By working at the carpenter's bonch mornings and ovenings and vacation tlnes, and teaching country achools during the wii- tur, he managed to attond the Academy dur. ing the spring and fall terms and to saven Ittle money towards going to college, Ie had oxcollont health, a robust frame, anda eupital momory, and. the attempt te combine inental and physical work, which has broken down many farmer boys ambitlous to get an education, did not hurt him, GARFIELD AT COLLEGE, ‘When he was 2 years of age he concluded he had yot about all there was to be had in tho obscure cross-ronds academy, He eaten- Inted he had saved about half enough money to get through college, provided he coutd be- ain, as he hoped, with the Juntor year, Hv gota lifo-insurance policy, and assigned It to Agontioman ag security for a loan to make up the amount he lacked, -Intho Fall of 1854 he entered the Juntor Class of Williams Col- lege, Massachusetts, and graduated {n 1858 with the metaphysical honors of his class, A daguerreotype of him, taken about this tine, represents @ rather awkward youth, witha shock of light halr standing atraizht up from a big forehead, and a frank, thoughtful face, ofa vory marked German type. * Before he went to college Garfield had con- nected himself with the Disciples, a sect buy- ing a numerous membership in Eastern and Southern Ohio, West Virginsa, and Keu- tucky, where Its founder, Alexander Camp- bell, had traveled and preached, ‘The prin- cipal peculiarities of the denomination are thelr rofusal to formulate thelr beliefs inte a. creer, the Intenendenco of each congrega- tion, the hospitality and fraternal feeling of the inembers, and the Inck of a regular inin- istry. When Garfield returned to Oblo it ‘was natural that he should soon gravitate to the straying tittle college of the young sect ft Hiram, Portage County, near his hoy. hood’s home, He became Professorof Latin and Greek, and threw hlinself with the energy and Industry which are leading traits of hls cliaracter into the work of building up the Institution, Before he had been two Years In his professorship he was appointed President of tho college. Hiram‘is a lone: some country village, threp miles from a railroad, built upon a high hill, overlouk- Ing twenty mites of cheest-making country to the southward. [t contains fifty or sixty houses clustered around the green, In the eentre of which stands the homely red-briek college structure, Plaln living and high thinklug was the order of things at Hiram College In those days. ‘Lhe teachers were hoor, but there was a great deal of hard, falthful study done, and inany ambitious. plans formed, ‘The young President taught, lectured, and preached, and all the time studied as Uillgently as any aculyte tn the temple of knowledge. He frequently spoke on Sundays in the churches of the towns In the viehiity to create an interest. In the col- lege, Among the Disetvles any one ean preach who has a mnind to, no ordination be- ing required, From these Sunday diseus- sions came the story that Gurfield at one tlme was a minister, He never considered himself ag such, and never had any intention of finding acareer in the pifpit. His umbt- tion, If he had any ontside of the school, lay in the diceetion of law and politics. MIS MARRIAGE, During his professorship Garfield married Miss Lueretia Rudolph, daughter of a farm- erin the nefzhborhood, whuse acaualntance he had mady white at the Academy, where she was also a pupil, She was a quiet, thoughtfal girl, of singularly sweet and re- fined disposition, fond of study and reading, possessing a warn heart and a mind with the capacity of steady growth. The marringe was 8 love affatr on both sides, and tins been athoroughly happy ones Much of Gen, Gar- fiell’s subsequent success In life muy be at- tributed to the never-failing sympathy and intellectual companfonship of his wife and tho stimulus of a loving home elrcle. ‘The young couple bought n neat little cottage fronting on the college campus and began their wedded fifo poor and In debt, but with bravo hearts, 1n 1859 the Collego President was elected to the State Senaty from the Counties of: Portayze and Stummit, He did not resign his Presidency, because he looked upon a few mouths in the Legislature as an episode not likely to change the course of his Iife. But the War came to alter his plans, During the winter of 1861 he was active in ‘the passage of measures for arming the State militia, and his eloquence and energy made him a conspicuous leader of the Union party, Early in the summer of 1801 he was electe Colonel of an infantry regiment (the Forty- second) raised in Northern Ohio, many of tho soldiers in which had been students at Ifiram., He took tho fielt {1 Eastern Ken- tucky, was soon put i command of a brigade, and, by making one of the hardest marches over mate by re crusts, surprised and routed the Rebel forces, under Humphrey Marshall, at Piketon, From Eastern Kentucky Gen. Garfield was transferred to Loulsville, sud from. that place hastened to foin tha army ‘of Gen. Buell, which he reached with ils brigade in tine to participate in the second day's fight- ing at Pittsburg Landing. Ie took part In the slege of Corluth and in the operations along the Memphis s& Charleston Jtullroad, In January, 1863, he was appointed Chief of Stat of the Army of the Cumberland and bore 8 prominent share In all the campalgns in Middle Tennessee fn the spring and sum- mer of that year, Ils Inst conspicuous mill- tury service was at the battly of Chickamau- gn. For his conduct in that battle he was promoted to n Major-Generalship, It is suid that ho wrote all the orders gtven to the army that day, and submitted them to Gen. Rosecrans for approval, saye one. The one he did not write was the fatal order to Gen. Wood, which was so worded as not to cor- rectly convey tho meaning of the command ing General, and which caused the destruc- tion of the right wing of the army. ELECTED TO CONGRESS. ‘The Congressional district in which Gar- field Ilved was tho one Jong made fumons by Joshua R, Giddings, Tho old ant!-sinvory champlon grow careless of the arts of poll- ties towards the end of hiscareer, and came to fook upon a nomination and reélection as asa matter of course. Ils overcontidence was taken advantage of In 1853 by an ambl-* tlous lawyer named Iutchins to carry 9 con-" vention against him. ‘The friendsof Giddings never forgave Hutchins, and cast about for means of dofeating him. ‘Cho old man himselt was comfortably quartered in his Consulate at Montreal, and did not care to make a fight to ot back to Congress. So hig supporters made use of the popularity of Garfluld and nominated him while he was in the field without asking his consent. That was in 1863, When ho heard of the nomination Garfield reflected that it would be fifteen months before the Congress would meet to which he would be elected, and belloving, as did every one olse, that the War could not possibly Inst n yenr longer, con- eluded to nccept, Ilo often expresse:t regret that ho did not help fight the War through, and said that ho never would hnve left the army to go to Congress had he fureseen that the struggle would continuo beyond the year (862, He continued his military service up to the thne Congress met, On entering Congress, in December, 1863, Gon, Gariield was placed upon ‘the Commit. tee on Military Atfairs with Schenck and Farnsworth, who wore also fresh from the fleld. Ile took an active part In the debates of the House, and won a recognition which fow now mombers suceced In galulug. Ne Was not popular among his fellow-members during his first term, ‘They thought hin something of a pedant because he sometines showed his scholarship in hls specches, and. they were jealous of his prominence, ils solid attainnents and able: social qualities enabled him to overcome this projudiee dur- ing his second term, and he became on terms -of: close friendship with the best men {n both Touses. [ls committee servico during his second term was on the Ways and Means, which was quite to his taste, tor it gave him an opportunity to Proseoute the studies In flnance and political economy which he had always felt a fond. ness for, He was a hurd worker and a great roader In those days, going home with his arms full of books from the Congressional Library and altting up late nights to read them. It was then that he lald the founda- ons of the convictions on the subject of Na- onal finance which he has slice held so firmly amld all the storms of political ngitas “on. Ie was reno minated in 18d4, without opposition, but In 1866 Mr, Hutchins, whom No had supplanted, made an effort to defeat him. Mutchins canvassed the district thor- ou ghiy, but the convention nominated Gar- fletd by acclaination, Ie had no opposition thereafter in his own party, In 1873 tho Lit- orals and Domocrats united to beat him, but hls majority was larger than ever, In L8Tt the Greonbackers and Democrats combined and put up @ popular soldler agalnsthim, but they made no fimpression on the result, ‘The Ashtabula District, as it is generally called, Is the most faithful tu its Representatives of . any tithe North. lt has had but five mem- bers in half a century, Nig Wonk IN CONGRESS, : In the Forticth Congress Gen, Garfield was Chalrman of the Committeo on Military Affairs. In the Forty-firet he was given the Chalrmanship of Banking and Currency, which ho lked much etter, because it wag In tho Ino of his tinanelal studies, Mis next Promotion was to the Ciairmmship of the Appropriation Committee, whielt he held une tthe Pernocratscame into power tn the House tu 1475, ITls chief work on that com- inittee was a stendy and judicious reduction of the uxpenses of the Government, In all tho potitical struggles in Congress he bora a leading part, his clear, vigorous, and moder ate style uf argumentinaking him one of the inmost effactive debaters In either Longe, When James G, Blaine went to tho Senate In 1877 the mantia of Republican leadership fn the House was by common consent Dlaced upon Garheld. In January, 1899, € Garileld was elected to the Senate to the svat vacated by Allen G. ‘Thurman on the 4th of Marel, 1831, He recelved tho unanimous, vote of the Republican cauets, an honor neve erbefors given toany man of any party in the State of Olle, Ag alvader In the House he was more cau- Uous and less dashing th B faine, and his judlefal tare of mind made him teo prone to took for two sides of a question for him to bean efletent partisan, When the issue fatr- ly touched his convictions, however, he be- came thoroughly aroused and strack tremen- tous blows. Blaine's tactles were to contin- ually harass the enumy. by sharpshooting surprises and picket firing. Garfield waited for an opportunity to deliver n pitehed bat tle, and hls goneratship was shown to best advantage when the fight wasn fale one antl waged on grounds where each party thought itself strongest. ‘Then his soll shot of ar- gument were exceedingly elfective, On the stump Garfietd was one of tha very best ore tors In the Republican party. Io hada good volce, an uir of evident sincerity,great clear- ness and vigor of statement, and a way of knitting hig urgaments together so 13 to make a speech deepen its Impression on the mind ofthe hearer until the climax was reached, Of his industry and studiou s habits a great deal night be said, but a single iustration will have to sutiee here. Once during the busiest part of a very busy session at Wash- {nxton a visitor found him fn his library, ba- hind # big barricade of books, ‘This was no unusual sight, but when the caller glanced at the volume he saw that they were all «lif. ferent editions of Horace, or books relating to that poct. “I find that I ain overworked, and need recrention,” said the General. “ Now, my theory ts that the best way to rest the mind is not to let it be Idle, but to put it atsomething auite ontside of the ordinary line of Its employment, So Lam resting by learning all the Congressional Lfbrary can show about Ierace and the’ various eultlons and translations of his poems,” NOMINATED FOR PRESIDENT. ‘The clreumstances of Gen, Garfiell’s nom- Inatton forthe Presidency at Chicago are thus told by one of his muny biographers: ‘There were some Indleations as the thirtieth hallot progressed on ‘I'vesday, June 8, that the lesser candidates were xiving way. ‘Tlie next ballot demonstrated that the Cir Ines Feould not be broken, and the Blaine lMnes were at this Hime waverluz. It was apparent the Convention was on the edge of a break. ‘The next ballot, which was finished by half past 12, was without exciting event, The close of the thirty-fourth was marked with some exeltement growing out of w break to Garfield, Wisconsin custing for him sixteen. votes, This was the beginning of the end. ‘To make upthis number, Washburne, Blaine, and Sherman were drawn upon, When the result way delared, Gen. Garfield arose and addressed the Chair. The Chatrman inquried. for what purpose the gontlemat rose. “To a question of order,” sald Garileld. “The gentleman will state it sald the Chair, “Tchaltenge,” sald Mr. Gariteld, * the'cor- rectness of the announcement that contains votes furine, No man has a right, without tho consent of the person voted for, to have his name annonuced and voted for In this Convention. Such consent 1 have not given.” ‘Yts was overruled by the Chalrman ambilst laughter against Garileld, who had made the polut on the vote east for hhn by Wisconsin, ‘Then the thirty-fitth ballot was taken. It ‘was apparent that the Blaine men had broken up. ‘The ballot resulted as felluws; Grant, 813; Blaine, 257; Sherman, 09: Kdmangls, 115 Windom, 3; Washburne, 23; Garfield, 59, Tho thirty-sixth ballet was taken amidst breathless excitement. It proved to be the fast. It resulted: Grant, 396; Blaine, 42; Sherman, 3; Washburne, 6; Guriletd, 399, ELECTED AND INAVOUIATED,+ ‘The campalgn that followal the nomina- tlon of Garfield at Chicago and ‘Hancoek at Cincinnati was hotly contested. ‘Tho first doubtful State, Maine, was carried by a fus- fon of Democrats and Greenbackers Sept, 13 against the Republican candidates; and It was belloved for a thu that-the election of Hancock was assured, But the Republicans rallied splendidly in Ohio and Indiana, and entried both those States Oct, 12. ‘Thence- forth no doubt was entertained of the ultimate triumph of — the Republican —_ candidate. The election Noy. 2 resulted in the choleo of 214 Gariletd, and Arthur Electors, and 155 Hancock and English Electors, ‘The Electoral Colleges yoted accordingly Dec, 5. Gen, Garileld was declared elected by the two Houses of Con- Gress sitting in Joint Conyention Feb, 0, and was Inaugurated March 4. Ils DOMESTIC LIFE, Gen. Gartield had five children Ilving, and had lost two, who diod In Infancy. ‘The two older boys, Harry and James, were until lately at school in New Uampshire, and both entered Williams College a fow days ago, Maury, or Mollyas everybody calls her, is a handsome, rusy-cheeked girl ofaboutt ‘The two younger boys are named Irwin and Abram, ‘The General's mother fs still Hving, and hus long been a member of hfs family, Sho iy an {utelllgeut, energetic old lady, with aciear head and a strong will, who keops woll posted in tho naws of the day, and ts very proud of her son's career, though tnore liberal of criticlsm than of pratse. is wife, who has beon spoken of above, was in truth acompanton of his joys anda sharer of his sorrows, In person Gen, Garfield was six foot high, brond-shouldered, and strongly built, He had an unusually large houd, that seamed to be three-fourths forehead, Nght-brown hair and beurd, which was fast turning gray, large, light-biue eyes, « prominent nuse, aud. fullcheoks, IIe dressed plainly, was fond of broad-brimmed slouch hats and stout boots, ate heartily, cared nothing for tuxurl- ous living, was thoroughly temperate In all respects save in that of brain-work, and de- votud to his wife and children and very fond of his country home. Among men he was gonlal, approachable, companionable, and o remarkably entertaining talker, —— MASON’S LIFE OF GARFIELD, ANOTHER VIEW ov rie PRESIDENT'S CHAN- TEN, The following blographical sketch of the late President ts condensed from Mason's “ Lite of Garileld: Gen, James Abram Gar- fiold Is tho twentleth l’residout of the United States, He is deseonded from an Edward Garfleld, who, In 1635, was one of. the propri- etors of Watertown, having accompanted Gov, Winthrop to New England. So far as Is known, the fainlly was of Saxon origin; and this conclusion is sustained by the coni- plexion, temperament, and other character istics of the President, as wellas by his ene thusigetic love of the language and literature of Germany, and other distinctive features of the German charactor. {is futher was born in Mussachusetts, and his mother in New Hampshire, iu 1830 they settled in the Ohio forest on a tract of land heavily wooded. A small log house was built, and the struggle to subdue the forest began. ‘Ihe farm fs in Orange Township, Cuyahoga County, and ts not more then elgutcen wiles frou the dourish- Ing town of Cloveland. Not quite two years afterwards, Nov. 19, 1831, young James was born. Atnn early ago HE WAK LEFT FATHERLESS, and his other had to struggle with many dificalties. Some portions of the forest hnd been turned into frultful felts when, one hot summer's day,a fire broke out in the surrounding wood, whose dry Jenyes and branches easily Ignited, Tha ripening corit was In danger. ‘The farmer's hopes were nenr destruction. With an admirable energy Abram (arfeld set lo-work to throw up & dyke between nls standing corn and the rov- aging fire. After tremendous exertions he stveeeded. But the snecess was dearly bought, Meturning home, weary and over- heated with his exhaustive efforts, ho took achill, Inflammation of the throat followeit which bated all attempts to remedy. Med- Jeal practitioners in those thinly-settled Wis- tricts were often inere pretenders, and Abrany Garfleld fell a yiethn to thelr (ncapneity, ‘The poor fellow crept to the window of his log house to take n inst look ot his oxen, was selzed with a paroxysm, and, leaning against the head of his rude ped, was choked to death, He was In the prime of Ife, and left four children to the care of his wite,— A WOSAN OF INTREPUD SPIT, of thorough Christian character, and well trained to setf-relinnt habits. Jantes was the youngest chit, ‘The good wonian faced her diflcutties with true herolsm, and inalntained her struggles with constant privation in a noble spirit. She refused to send her elder children out. to work ninong nelghburlng settlers, tolling with her own finnds to keep them. together under her own eye, Year by year the fields were plowed and sown, and the crops, often scanty, were gathered, She made her children’s clotuing and that of the fainlly of a neighboring shoemaker, whu in return cons structed clumsy but substantial shoes for the young Garfields, Instumiuerthe boys wurked. in the fletds; in winter they divided their time between tending the cattle and wood- cutting and attendance ut the local school, dames, who received his FINST LESSONS IN ENGLISH, as well as a bright exaimpte of noble devoterl- ness from his mother, was precocious boy, both physically and mentally, At4 years of age he received at the district school the prize of a New Testament as the best reader Ju the primary clogs, At8 he. had .read all the books contained In the Ittle log farm- house, and began te borrow from ye neigh- hors such works as ‘Robinson *Crusve,” “Pirate's Own Book,” Joseptius’ “ History and Wars of the Jews,” Goodrich’s “ United States,” and Pollok's “Course of ‘Time.’ These were read, and reread, unt! he could recite whole chapters from memory. He was equally master of urithinetic and the earifer stages of a course of English grammar. His Work on the farm and In tha woods devel- oped a naturally healthy and robust constitu. tlon, and to any of his schoolfeilows who bullied hl on the score of iis poverty and bis mother’s humble. manner of life, he proved such a formidable opponent that they were not forward to repent the affront, in fact; his too ready resort to lits fists 10 settles dixputes and punish the arrogance of boys Who Insuited him was a source of sorrow to lls meek and etrduring mother. WS FBT CONTACT for work was with a cousin, for whom he ens gga tocuts hundred cords of wood for $25, THe was not 10 yearsof age, The wood $25, overlooked Lake Erle, and the sight of the bltte waters, and the slips entering and leav- Ing the port of Cleveland, revived the long- ing for a seafaring fe which the reading of books of vuyaxes and adventures had in spired. He resolved to become a satlor, and, 4s svon ns hfs (ask Was completed, he walked. to Cleveland and went on board a schooner lylng at the wharf. ‘The crew were intox!- ented, and the Captatn gave evidence of be- ing a mau of a coarse nature and brutal pas- sions. ‘This damped his ardor, and the sane day, mecting another cousin whe owned 9 eanalbeat plying between Cleveland and Fittsburg, he engaged himself as driver. Threo months later he was carried home to his mother sick with instarlal fever, and Ina, state of unconsciousness, This {fness, atid the five months of convalescence during which his mother nursed hit back to health, proved a grand turning-polntin his iife, ‘Theopper- tunity for which she lad prayed was given, and, while with tender care she nursed him, she sought to plant In iis mind higher alms fu life than lis buyist dreams had pietured tolitm. The schoolmaster alded her in these cndeavors, and as soon ua James was sufl- elently recovered je entered the Seminary of Geauga, fourteen miles distant, as a stu- dent, His whole stock of muncy was $17, but he rapidly acquired what proved of more Yalue than money,—a knowledge of Latin, Greek, and mathematics. There was an end to his Ideas of the sea, and his thirst fur knowledze grew day by day. His menus were very Hinited, but during yacations he emyloyed himself In teaching, and during harvest seasons Iu farm-work, RELIGION, While at the semluary he was brought un- der the pawer of religion, and joined a small branch of the Baptist badly knowns Camp- Ddellites"' or “ Disciples," of whom Alexander Campbell, an eloquent Scotch preacher, was the leader, ‘Tho creed of the ‘Disciples’? does not differ widely from that of the restol the body, embracing pellet In the Divinity of Christ, Hs stoning death, baptism (immer- sion) on n professton of faith, and the New ‘Testament as the only standard of doctrine aud rule of practice, ‘The progress of the “ Disciples” in North- ern Ohio led to tho establishment of an aca- damical school in the Village of Hiram, thirty tniles from Cleveland, Here the future min- isters and elders of the church were educated, Tothis “Schou! of tha Prophets” young Garfield went, firstas a scholar, noxt usa tutor, and finally asa teacher. Mis progress was marked, and in a short tne he was qual- ifled to enter Willinms College, one of the oldest and most advanced of all the institu: tions of learning In New England, Presi- dent Hopkins took ‘kindly to the young Western student, whose gigantic size made hha ag conspleuous as hls pro- ficlency In Greek and Latin mado hin distinguished, After two years at Willlams College, he went buck to Hiram Seminary as Professor of Auclent Languages and En- ksh Literature, and at the end of 8 year Le became President of the Institution, PRESIDENT OF MRAM COLLEGE, Ho was now (1857) 20. yoara of age, and, while full) of onergy Limselt, hada happy way of Impartiug that energy to ull who cume under his Influence, ‘There wero 300 students In the Institution at thut the, nud no one coul be Indiferent to the great aims and purposes of education who lstened to his lectures, Tho early morning assembly, which usually extended over an hour, was & good startfor the day, Proceedings com- menced with prayer fn tho chapel, then a chapter of the Bibla was rend, followed by an extemporanvous address, sumotines upon & Seripture subject, sometimes on sume recent political event or some scientific sub- Ject, or upon os. new book, Once, it Is said, hd took the newspaper report of the tragic death of Hugh Miller, sotting forth tho lessons of his noble Iife in words which made a profound Impression. Muntiness wus one distinguishing feature of lis character, and he strove to Inspire the young mon of the Snatitution with lke habits, as also of self-rellance and courage, ‘They were encouraged In athletic exercises, football and cricket being the gumes in which he excelled, andin which he persou- ally superlotended their efforts,” Ie drew them all towards hit, so that, ns ono uf them has said, “a bow of recognition, ors single word from him, was to mean inspiration.” Durkig this poriod Mr, Garfield sdded to ls labors as an educationist those of A PREACHER Though not set apart to the qwlulstry, he was nong the less a powerful and con- vineing prencher, and was not only accept able but popular, He Iucreayed his poputare {ty and intluence, too, by menna of # public debate with a Spiritualist lecturer, who sought to overthrow tha truths of the Bible by the theorles of geology. ‘Cha lecturer took the ground of Mr. Darwin in hisdoctrine of evolution, Qnrftekt that of revelation. The latter had only three days to prepare for the contest with his able opponent, who was well yersed in hls theories, and had a. ready utteruies. Garfcll hit npon a novel expe- dient to complete his nreparatton. He aum- mone six of his most advanced students, plaecd befere them the plan of fils argue ment, aud then turned them Into the college library to select, copy, and condense proofs of ita chief parts. They completed thelr work In twenty-four hours, when the whole plan of the dfseussion was gone through. ‘The result was that Garfield so overwlhelined. is opponent that he abandoned his theory and gave up tho fight agalnst the Bible. But other conilicts and successes nwaited him, THE QUESTION OF SLAVERY was coming to the front, Out of the discus- sions ns to whether Kansas and Nebraska should be slave or free territory, there grew up 2 large and powerful Free-Soll party. Out of this party again there was organized, the great Natlonnt Republican party, whfel, after four years yf grent but effective work, returned Abraham Lincoln as President in 1340. Into these discussiuns Garfield threw his strength, and in the extension and trlumpha of the party and its cause he bore aconspicuous part. In 1880, when he was only 28 years old, he was elected State Son- ator in Ohio, Soon after tts the smoutder- ing embers of rebellion in the Southern slayeholding States bruke out into a fame, Gartleld had ‘tirendy became one of the acknowledged teaders of the Radical branch of the Republican party, forming with J. D. Cox (afterwards Governor of Ohio), and Prof. Munroe, of Oberlin College, the * Rad- ical Triumvirate.” ‘Choy saw tha storm com- Ing, but hoped it would pass over without a general war, or, at least, without conflict of so destructive and bitter n character as ensued, The disaster at Bull Run dispelled all such hopes, Seven days after, Senator Garfield secepted a commisston as Licuten- ant-Colonel of 9 regiment then orgainzing at Camp Chase, . A few ays after this he recelved a commis sion as Colonel to orzanize and command a new regiment, the Forty-second Ohio In- fantry. A hundred students from Hiran College enlisted as x company during the first week, and in ashort, time the regiment. was full Arming and drilling went on vigorously, the men Inspired by the devotion of thelr Colonel, who set himself vizor- ously to master all the detalls of military duties aud war tactics. “In three months they were ready for the fleld. The reghnent. was aremarknble une, ‘Lhere were gradu- ates and tindergraduates, Inwyers, clerzy- men, teachers, carpenters, blacksmiths, engineers, farmers, printers, and machinists servlog Jn the ranks. Iu tuok an important part In the battle of Shiloh, and after other valuable services he was ordered to Join Gen. Rosecrans at Mure freesborough. In # recent letter Nosecrang says: “ When Gartleld arrived, I must con- fess [had ou prejudice against him, as 1 un. derstool he was o preacher who had gone {nto polities, and 8 man of that cast L wns naturally opposed to.’? But he adds, “1 found tin tu be as competent and efilcient oflcer, an earnest and devoted patriot, and wan of the highest honor.” He was uve Chief of Staff of the Army of the Cumberland, and immediately Je began to organize a “ Bureau of Military Information,” by which ho rendered essen- tial service to the Government and the army, IN CONGKESS, While the War was proceeding, and he wag ius renderiuse important service in the feld, his nutive District hud elected him ton seat fie Congress, Le was divided between the two most importint calls. I1fs regiment was still at the front, and there he felt ho ought to be; but when Rosecrans sent bin to Washington fo report ninutely to the Fres{dent the stato and necessities of the Army of Chattanooga, Lineoin strongly urged ffi to resign his commission and tuke his place in Congress, Some of Gartick’’s fellow-ofllvers joined with the Presflent tn urging him to take his seat In Congress, well aware of the value of hig experience, his sound judgment, and his ready eloquence, He yielded to thelr re- quest from a sense of duty rather than from chalee. ‘Tis paper Is far too limited to allow of even the slightest sketch of his multifarious labors both In and out of Congress, From the hea, of the Military Committea he became, after the War was ended, Chairman of the Cam- mitteeon Banking and Currency, and, stilt Jater, Chairmmr of the Committee of Appro- priations. ‘This Committee deals with -all Governmental expenditures, including those of the army and nayy, the postal service, tho Improvement of rivers and harbors, the con- Sular and diplomatic and other services, pre paring estinates and schemes for the disposal of Congress. Hu strenuously opposed the false measures In reference to paper money whieh followed the War, and contended for Qmeasure which should: restore money to its proper vitlue, ‘TUN SULIECT OF FINANCE had been one of close study with khn, es- pecially English tinunee, The entire record. of English lexistation on commerce and cur- reney far 200 years had been ao studied that he had all thelr most linportant facts at com- mand. And therefore, when several proii- nent statesmen brought forward in Congress plans for meeting the dificulttes of tha Gov- ernment which would amount to an absnlute repudiation of thelr promises, on rood ‘up and fought the battle of jurglu and sight His words on thls ovcaston’S.e worth re cording: ‘Tho dollar ts the gage that measures overy blow of the ax, every awing of tha soythe, ovory Stroke of tho bummer, every furgot that ‘blazes on the poor man’s hearth, every fabrio that clothos bis children, every mouthful that feeds their hunger. ‘The dollar ts a substantive word, tho fundamental condition of every cone tract, of every sale, of every paymunt, whethor from tho National ‘Treasury oF frou the stund of the applewowan in tho street. Now, what la our situation? ‘There has boen uo,day, alnce the 25th of Febru. ary, 18y, whou any wun could tell what would be the value of our legul-currenoy dolinc the next month or the next day, since that dt bave substituted fora dollar the printed prom- isu of the Government to pay a dollar, That erage ORT yt 3 al va, re, le yon''to recuive dishonored paper iustead of money. After pointing out the errors and wicked- negs of this system, he conclyaed by urging the gradual restoration of the anclent.stand: ard of yulue, “which will lead us,” he said in conclusion, “by the'safeat and surest paths to national prosperity and the steady pure sults of peace,” Gen, Gartlold was afterwards for many years a member of the Committes on Waye and Means, and would assuredly havo beon Chairman of it i¢ he had beon during the lust years of his service In Congress a men- ber of the misjority party In the Mouse, He. was the recognized leader of the Republican minority, In January, 1380, he was elected Senator from Ohlo to succeed Allen G; ‘Thurman for the term begiuning March 4, 1881, but was nom {nated forthe Presidency in June, 1880, and vlocted In the following November. The rest of hls career {3 familior to the public, but oud of the dates are subjolned to complota the record, lie was inaugurated March 4, and was shot by Gulteau on the evening of July? He was President, In full possession of his faculties and powerg, barely tuur months, ‘Tho Ilness following upon his wound lasted elaven weeks and three days, ‘Tho heroio fortitude of the Vresident during this perlod of greut suifering secured to hint the respect and sympathy of his fellow-citl: zens and the civilized world.