Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 10, 1881, Page 4

‘THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY,” JULY 10, 1881 TWENTY PAGES She Tribune. TERMS OF SUBSCRIFTION. BT MAULIN ANVANCE—-POSTAGE PREPAID.. ¥, Paoredae, and Satu Monta, Wednesday, and Frid. Sunday, 3G-raure edition, per yeer. WEEKLY EDITIO: One cops, per year. Chun af tve.. ‘Twenty-one copies. Specimen copies sent free. Give Post-Oflloc address in full, including County and State. Remittances mar bo mage elther by draft, express, at our risk. vo CIT Daily, delivered, Sunday cents per week. bails, delivered, }O cenis per week. Address BUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison Entered at the Post-Osfice at Chicago, UL, as Second- Class Matter. Forthe benefit of our patrons who desire to send single coples of THE THIBUNE throuzh the mall, we five horewith the transtent rate of posiaze: 7 Foreign and Doines Eight und Twelve lace Paper. Sixteen Paze Paper. Per Copy. cents. THE CHIcAGo TRINCNE has offices for the recetpt uf subserips ments a8 fullo NEW YOMRK—Koom 29 Tribune Building. F.T/MC- FADDEN, Manager. GLASGOW, Arenc} ‘Scouland—Allan’s American News 31 Renfield-st. merican Exchanze, 44 Strand. 1 F stroot Hoolcy's Theatre. Randolph street, between Clark and La Salle. “Cinderella at Schoo!.” Grand Opera-Honee. Clark street, ofposic new Court-Honse. Engace- mentof ‘Tony Pastor's ‘Troupe. Variety entertain- ment, _ SC CHE APOLLO Tem COMMA -Attentlo nd the rate, K. ced by caraty Husetill Cemetery at. (C.& NOW.IC KY at 1 ‘quested tu assemble a. By order of the ANY, itecorder. 20, dsl, at, our late’ F1 mundere will rom tie Weits rey the 1 omptly at minent Commander. LAFAYETTE CHAPTES, NO. 2, R.A. M.—Statel Convocation Mon evening, June IL at $ o'clock, Work on Sark Des Visiting Cempaniuns wel- come. By order 01 iy . FORSYTH, M. WM. WAL J. BRYAN, Secretar EP. CORINTHIAN CHAPTER, NO. @, R.A. M.—Stated Donsecnaen Monday evening, July 1, “at 5 o'clock. Work on the Mark Degree. Visiting companions are sordislly invited. By wraer of RTUUR WARRINGTON, H. P. 3.0, DICKERSON, Secretary. WASHINGTON CHAPTER, NO, 4%, R. A. M—Reg- glar Convocation Fridar eveninz, July ii at § o’eluek. Business of importance und work. A Tuli atendance fequested. Visitins Compauiuns cordisily invited. By order of the HL. CHAS. B. WRIGHT. CHICAGO coma FEMPLAR—Spec \DERY, NO. 19, KNIGHTS neluve’ Monday evening at 3 preluck. ‘The Urder e Temple will be cunterred. Visiting Sit Knizhts always welcume, By order of, “ LH. POND, B.C. DAVID GUUDMAN, Recorder. 0.E.3 LADY WASHINGTON CHAPTER, NO. 2. ¥ lente. ut Woodi ial for saie on the cars. CHICAGO CHAPTE 177, 1 A. M—Halt 144 econd-st. Special Convocation Weduesday i" wat 8 o'clock for work on the Ko! ‘Visiting Companions weleume. Ky order oF th EL Y. ELL SMITH, 5 KNIGHTS ay eyen= APOLLO COMMANDERY, Templur.—There will be no Conciave Tue: Wis. By order of the Erulnent Com ander. H. 5. TIFFANY, Recorder. NO. 1, ota SUNDAY, JULY 10, 1881 De. Carver, the American marksman, has arranged to shoot with Stuart Wortly, member of Parliament for Sheffiela, England, _ and member of the Hurlingham Gun Club, for $500 at 100 pigeons each, and at thirty yards rise. The American will win in all probability. EXCELLENT accounts are reecived of the crops in the ¥rench provinces.” The farmers of the central provinces, the great wheat- growing region of the beautiful country, counton good average crops, and it is be- lieved that the vintage for this year will be the best for fifteen years. Favorable reports of the Spanish crops have also been re- ceived. ANoTrer complication has appeared in the East. Dervisch Pasha, the Turkish com- mander in Albania, reports that the Austrians at Novi-Bazar are making arrangements to advance on Salonica, and the Turkish Am- bassador at Vienna has mildly protested against such a proceeding, but the Austrian Government has biandly informed him that Dervisch Pasha is mistaken. SENATOR ALLIsoN, of Iowa, said to a newspaper reporter yesterday that the opin- ions of the Cabinet officers, of the attending physicians, and of all those who have access to the President, are that he wil! recover, and that the crisis is past. The favorable symptoms of last evening and last night con- firm these opinions, and it can now be asserted with sume authority that the chances in favor of recovery are excellent. Prmvce ALEXANDER of Bulgaria is de- termined to crush those who opposed him in the recent elections, The late Ministers are _ tobe prosecuted fur malversation in office on the ground that defects exist in the ac- counts of the Minister of Finance and of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Of course, it matters little whether these charges are well founded or not, the Prince of Bulgaria has determined on crushing those who opposed his recent coup d'etat. ALL does not go well with the French in Africa. The insurgents..so called, ai Sfax and other places continue to offer a most stubborn resistance to the French troops. France is preparing, however, to overwhelin the obstinate rebels with numbers. Addi- tional forces will be sent to Sfax, Gobes, and Djerba; the ironclad squadron at Tou- Jon is to be dispatched to the African coast, and the war against the recalcitrant Tunis- ians and disloyal Algerians will be pushed with vigor. Jonprry and trickery seem to be rife even in Switzerland, A house engaged in the watch trade in that Republic has just been caught in a piece of raseality whieh would. put a Chicago three-card-monte man to the blush. The house in question sent through “ the Post-Ollice to Bulgaria a case of watches worth $2,000. The ease was insured for $50,- 000.. A Bulgarian Post-Oflice -clerk was bribed to steal the watches that the consign- ors might recover the insurance. The fraud was discovered and the shipper of the watches and the Post-Office clerk have been arrested. Lrrrees and telegrams of congratuia- tion on the President's favorable syiwptems and of sympathy with his sufferings eon- tinuc to be received at the White House and at the State Department from all parts of the world. Yesterday morning a bushel-basket- Tul of such letters and telegrams was re- ecived by Secretary Blaine. Many of these letters contained handsomely engrossed -res- clutions adopted by civic societies, municipal bodies, and business associations. Yung Wing, .the’ Chinese Minister, writing — Avon, Conn, sent a letter con- ; < ; veying his and Mrs. Yung Wing’s sympathies, and saying that the Chinese Gov- ernment will hail with delight every symp- tom of improvement in the President's con- dition; the leading London weeklies like the Spectator, the Saturday Review, and- Ex- amlner contain articles expressing the most wamn sympathy with the President, and the keenest desire for his recovery; Minister White telegraphs from Lerlin that letters, articles, and telegrams of # congratulatory character have been received by him from all parts of Germany; from every nation of the civilized world, and from every city, town, and hamlet of our own Nation, messages of sympathy and congratulation are received. Tur ordinance for closing the bridges from 5:30 to7 v’ulock was enfureed for the first time Jast evening, much to the: satisfac- Uon of the tens of thousands who work down-town ev lay, but greatly to the chagrin of the v -owners, Captains, sail- ors, ete. The vessel Captains. will become reconciled to the enforcement of the ordi- nance svon, but even if they do not itis no reason why it should not be enforced. ‘The Mayor promises to entorce the smoke ordi- nance also, And he will be perfectly right it he does, and will receive the indorsement of all right-thinking people in the city. ee ere Some works of art and manuscripts, the property of the late Lord Beaconsfield, will be sold at public auction on the 13th, Mth, and 15th inst. None of the more valuable of the late Earl's collection will be offered. Among those to be solilare the stereotype plates of the Pramicr’s father’s Works, in- eluding * Curio: of Literature,” “Ameni- ties of Literature,” and “Calanities and Quarrels of Authors’; also, autograph manuseripts of “fhe Young Duke,” “ Ve- netia,” “Coutarina Fleming,” lroy,” and “Txion in Heaven.” AU these are likely to fetch good prices. The curiosity-colleetors are numerous in England, and many of them are wealthy, Tnere was no choice by the. New York Legislature yesterday of Senators to suc- ceed Conkling and Platt, but there. were un- mistakable sigus of disintegration in the ranks of the Conklingites. Mr. Derrick, who has steadily voted for Conkling, voted yes- terday tor Lapham to sueceed Conkling, and there is litle doubt that other Bucks will fol- low his example to-morrow. It is now be- lieveg that the Republican caucus nominees, Lapham and Miller, will be elected Tuesday. The argument used by the Bucks against Lapham and Miller is that, should they be elected, being Congressmen, the Democrats may obtain control of the House of Representatives, but as many of the Bucks voted for Crowley, who tsa Con- gressman, and as all of them have indorsed Conkling and Platt, whose resignations made a Democratic majority in the United States Senate, it would seem that they have not always been sv solicitous for the supremacy of the Republican party. Their argument, besides, is a very weak one. Miller and Lap- ham represent strongly Republican districts, and the election of Republicans as their suc- cessors is a foregone conclusion. ‘The fact is, the Bucks are desperate, and seize on the flimsiest pretexts to justify their unpatriutic and unrepublican course. Tne rake’s progress has had another ex- emplification in the case of the Buck “mem- bers of the New York Legislature, who be- gan by voting fur Conkling because no cau- cus had been held, and now continue to vote for him because a caucus has been regularly called and held and somebody else noimi- nated. Their reasons and excuses are of the feeblest description. Sume of them asserted in the joint convention yesterday that the eaneus of Friday was not precisely the Eind of acaucus they wanted. Nodoubtit wasn't. ‘They want only a kind of caucus that will nominate Coukling, and such an assemblage ean now never be gotten together in Albany. The thirty-one Republicans who voted for Conkling yesterday in the face of the caucus decree have gone far beyond any ordinary “bolters.” They have not only refused to vote for the caucus candidates, but they have as much as signified that they will vote for nobody but Conkling. In other words, they give notice to the caucus, “ We will vote for your man if he happens to be our man, but we will not vote for him if he hap- pens to be anybody else.” The apologetic and insinecre explanations of their votes given by Senator Astor and a few other Bucks yesterday, to the effect that they are afraid to vote for members of Congress lest the Republican majority of the louse should be lost, was promptly riddled by Senator Woodin’s observation that they had already voted for Mr. Crowley, who is likewise a member of the House. The Bucks should devote Sunday to prayerful consideration of the Senatorial question. If they’shall per- sist in foreing Conkling, and him only, upon the Legislature, they will receive and merit the condemnation of Republicans of all factions in every part of the coun- try. They will then be called upon to choose between the Republican party and the Democratic party; between Conklingism and Republicanism. We shall look with some interest to see what choice they will make, and particularly how far the Buck spoils-hunting organs in the West will follow them. What does the Chicago "Sween- Damps have to say about the “bolter”? Does itapprove in New York the bolting which it condemned bitterly a few months ago in Pennsylvania? Of course, if Conk- ling had an atom of self-respect or regard for the party which has so greatly honored hin he would now promptly withdraw from the canvass. But it is expecting too much to look for such qualities in him. Spite of his mulish obstinacy and selfishness, however, we have hopes that the Senatorial contest will be ended this week,—if not with his con- sent, then without it. CHICAGO REAL zehire, The sale Jast Thursday of the Reform School property, fronting on Drexel boule- vard, Cottage Grove avenue, Clinton avenue, Egandale avenue, and Forty-third street, was the first trustworthy indication that the “boom” of the last two years had reached realestate. The maximum price of $170 (fer corner lots) per front foot on Drexel boule- vard was about a restoration of the prices which were current for the same class of property shortly before the panie of 1873. Since a general recovery has set in real estate has been steadily increasing in value in desirable localities, but there has been no such speculation in it as in iron, railroad and mining stocks, produce, and other matters. One reason for this is to be found in the fact that nearly all the holders of real estate had adjusted their affairs In such a. manner that they were not obliged to take ad- vantage of the first rise in prices. Those who had been completely overcome by the panic had Jong before allowed their property to pass into the hands of corporations or in- dividuals who were able to carry it. People holding real estate have consequently not been willing to sell it at a small advance over panic prices, and the rise has been slower than if the property had been rapidly chang- ing hands The sale of last Thursday shows that desirable residence property will now command all that it would oring prior to the panic, and in some cases even more. There is certainly every reason to feel the greatest confidence in the future of Chicago real estate. The census of last year fur- nished absolute proof that Chicago is grow- ing at a more rapid rate than any other of the great cities of the country. Wealth is increasing along with the volume of com- ! meree and-imanufacture, ana will bring in j its wake new enterprise and increased ex- penditures. The most attractive business and. residence property of Chicago, like that of New York, is necessarily limited. The con- fines of the great business district will be the 1 on the east,the river on the north and west, and Twelfth street on the south, ‘The desirable residence property is a narrow strip along the lake and the avenues in the North and South Divisions. The North jon i pidly filling up between Clark and the lake and the river and Lincoln Park. In the South Division the lake bounds the district on one side and State street on the other. The boulevards, of which Michigan avenue will bo the most sought, will form une centre of the residence property south, and the parallel avenues are only few in number. Residenee property in’ this ,city never reached the same fancy prices that similar property brought in cities ike Now Yorkand Moston, and there is au opportunity for it to grow in value. From now on for some years to come it may be expected that there will be considera- ble speculation in Chicago real estate. But the real hope of future value lies in the pros- vectof future improvement. If everybody should buy real estate to hold for a rise without putting it to actual use the scheme would be as much of a bubble as some of the stocks which gamblers have been “bulling” fora couple of years past, and the ultunate collapse would-be equally certain. But if Chicago continues to grow, its business to nerease, and its successful men to grow richer, the improvements of residence prop- erty on the line of the avenues and boule- vards will be numerous aud Iayish; and that of property, by reason of its limitation, ‘ger, and at the same time ela: will acquire more perm been believed pos nent, value than would have te even before the panic. HE 18 NOT INSANE. ‘The Hon. Emery A. Storrs discusses at considerable length the question of tle wretch Guitean’s mental status. Mr. Storrs holds to the theory that Guiteru was insane. Many people, for the sake of human nature, would like to believe the same. In this spirit Mr. Storrs remarks: “I would much prefer to believe thata ce: man attempted the life of our good President than that a sane man did it.” If we enter upon au vestigation of the subject of Guit mental status with the wish to reach a cer- tain conclusion, we shall, in all human probability, reach that conclusion regardless of the merits of the case, But this is not what the country wants: it wants to know the fact, whatever that fact may be. If Guiteau was insane when he shot the Presi- dent, that fact robs the murderous act of much of its signiticance. But if Guiteau was sane when he conunitted the horrid deed, the country wants to know that fact,— wants to haye it demonstrated, The-coun- try doesn’t want to be deceived, and so lured toa false security. |The country, unlike Mr. Storrs, does not “ prefer” to believe Guiteau y; it demands, at the proper time, a searching, impartial investigation after the truth,—an investigation to discover whether the would-be assasin is or is not responsible for his Mr..Storrs says: “It is clear that Guiteau has for years been laboring under delusions about himself.” In support of this theory Mr. Storrs cites Guiteau’s speech, printed but not delivered, which he thought was “iustrumental in securing the ‘election of Garfield.” But this is evidence only of a profound egotism, even if Guiteau honest- ly entertained the opinion, Numerous ob- scure persons of only ordinary capacity be- lieve that they exert an immense iniluence upon public atfairs. Prominent politicians frequently indulge this illusion. When Dorsey was told that he carried the State of Indiana for Garfield ie did not seek to dis- pel the illusion, It was said that Conkling carried New York, und he w silent. It was declared that’ Grant saved the day, and he was silent also. Whenever, upon occasion, aman is eleeted to office by one majority, hundreds of voters claim, by rea- son of peculiar circumstances, to have cast that particular vote. But what reason is there to credit Guiteau with honesty in the expressed belief that he secured the election of Gartield by that “absurd” speech? He wanted an office, made up his mind to apply for one, and impudently claimed the honor of haying carried the election as a means ’s, che of strengthening his claim. He is a notorious liar, and there is no evi- dence that his assertion that he had carried the election was anything more than an impudent pretense put forth in aid of his ambition. Nor does his application for the place of Minister to Austria tend even to prove insanity. It is a common trick of mendacious officuseekers to make appli- eation fora high place with the deliberate purpose of strengthening their chances of securing a low place. Our readers will re- member the case related by Gen. Jackson of | the ofliceseeker who demanded from him a first-class foreign mission and finaliy offered tocompromise on a pair of the General’s ancient breeches, Mr. Storrs says of Guiteau: “is mind had been ‘running constantly on himself.” True, but of what politician intensely seck- ing office is this not true? It is proverbial that officesecking politics leads up to su7 preme selfishness. FE, mM omay render a man ridiculous, and selfishness may make a man blind, aud cruel, and wicked, but neither egotism nor selfishuess is legal evidence of insanity, : Guiteau had an absorbing passion for no- toriety, but this passion is no evidence of the insanity of him who indulges it. This passion is often the bane. of the clearest, brightest intellects, and leads them to the commission of crimes, but affords no valid ground forthe defense of insanity. Egotisin, sellishness, and love of notoriety: undoubtedly tend to create illusions in the mind which becumes a prey to these bad passions; and these illusions may Iead to the commission of crime. Guiteau indulged the illusion that he could seeure an oftice from President Gartield. Iie followed up the illusion for months. But six weeks ago he realized that it was an illu- sion. Had the been insane he would not have detected the illusive character of his ambition. ‘The fact that he did detect it is there is better evidence behind. When he realized the hopelesness of his pursuit of office, he resolved to be revenged on the man by whom he had been foiled. Heresolved to shoot the President. Thercupon he ceased to importune him for office aud perfected his plans to kill him. ‘In the celebrated case of Hadfield, tried for shooting at the King, Mr. Erskine, in the course of his argument in behalf of the pris- oner, thus stated the conditions of insanity “cannot allow the protection of insanity to aman who only exhibits violent passions and malignant resentments, acting upon real cir- cumstances; who is impelled to evil from no morbid delusions, but who proceeds upon the ordinary perceptions of fhe mind.” . . . j “Healone can be so emancipated whose dis-. | ease (call it what you will) consists not ; merely in seeing with ‘a prejudiced eye, or + with odd and absurd peculiarities, ditfering very strong evidence of his sanity. But~ in many respects from-the contemplations of sober sense upon -the actual existence of things; but he only; whose whole reasoning and corresponding conduct, though governed by the ordinary dictates’ of reason, proceed upon something which‘has no foundation or existence.” pO According to this definition, the conditions of insanity are wholly wanting in the case of Guitean. , In the course of the same argument from which we have quoted, Mr. Erskine reviewed the case of Earl Ferrers, convicted of mur- der notwithstanding the plea of insanity, contrasting it with the. one at bar—that of Jhadticld, One Johnson aided the wife of Lord Ferrers in securing a divoree, and also deprived hin of a certain contract respecting mines, Says Mr. Erskine: “ Lord Ferrers took up the most violent resentment against him, Let me here observe, gentlemen, that this was not a resentment founded upon any illusion; notaresentment forced upon 2 distempered mind by fallacious images, but depending upon actual circumstances and real fucts; and, acting like any other man under the influence of malignant passions, he repeatedly declared that he would be re- venged on Mr. Johnson.” Mr. Erskine proceeds: ‘ Now suppose Lord Ferrers could have shown that no dif- ference with Mr. Johuson had ever existed regarding his wife at all,—that Mr. Johnson had never been his steward,—and that he had only, from delusion, believed so, when his situation in lite was quite different. Sup- pose, further, that an illusive dimagina- tion had alone suggested to him that he had been thwarted by Johnson in his contract for these coal-inines; in short, that the whole basis of his enmity was without any founda- tion in nature, and had been shown to have been a momid tinuye imperiously fastened upon his mind.” 4 ‘This state of facts Mr. Erskine says would have established Lord Ferrers’ insanity. But the circumstances which provoked the anger of Lord Ferrers were shown to exist not as an illusion in his mind, but as a fact. “liis resentment proceeded to the fatal consummation with all the ordinary indications of mischief and. malice,” and “when the act was done he said, ‘Lam glad Thave done it, He wasa villian and I am reyenged.’ ” But “when he afterward saw that the wound was. probably mortal, and that it involved consequences, he desired we surgeon to take all possible care of his patient.” ‘This is almost an exact parallel to the case of Guiteau. ‘Lhe offiee Guiteau wanted isted; the President controlled the disposi- tion of the offic: Gulteau demanded that it should be given to him; the President re- fused his applicatigu. Then Guiteau re- solved to be revenged on the man who stood in the way- of the accomplishment of his purpose; he planned (murder; he lay in wait for his victim; he shot him; he expressed his sati: tion at the act, and later regretted that death nad not'already resulted, and like Lord Ferrers felt fear for his own safety, desiring to be lodged in jail to avoid the apprehended vengoance,of the populace. The e of Arnold \who shot at Lord Onslow is also similar to that of Guitean, Arnold frequently declared that “Lord Onslow would ruin bis: country,” just as Guiteau said Garfield would ruin the Repub- liean party, Mr. Erskine}pronounced Are nold’s crime to be “a case of luman resent ment.” Soot the case of ong Oliver who shot one Wood because the latter}had refused hin his daughter in marriage... When next he met the mun he regarded as an eneny, “brooding over the injury he nad suffered, shot him upon the spot.”? Says Mr, Er- ine of him: “Ife was a man acting upon ecisting facts, and upon himage resentments connected with them.” . . . !“Neitherdid he go to Mr. Wood's under the influence of dllusion, but he went to destroy the life of a man who was placed exactly in the ¢cireum- stances which the mind of the criminal represented him.” Judged by these standards, Guiteau is a vindictive, malignant devil, entitled to suffer the severest penalties of the Jaw. THE CANAL PUMPING-WORKS. The bids have been openesl for furnishing the new pumping-works which are to be lo- cuted at or near Bridgeport for the purpose of supplying the canal with suflicient water to carry off the drainage of both branches of the Chicago River. These bids range from $147,500 to $200,000, ‘They are apparently on about the same plane, and the variance in eost is regulated by the, actual power which it is proposed to furnisa. It wili be fer the City Engineer to dezermine whether the engines of lesser co4t and relatively less power have the capacity to do the work re- quired—viz.: the raising of 60,000 cubic feet of water per minke at ahightof eight feet, or do the bids really mean to raise 40,- 000 cubic fect of water‘eight feet above the present level of the water in the canal? The canal now fluws, say about 20,000 cubic feet a minute on adepth of about five feet at the shallowest places. The proposition, as we understand it, is to add &@ maximum of elght feet in depth to the presdntdepth, which will inerease the present flow'by 40,090 cubic reet per minute, making a total of 60,000. Which- ever of the bids shall be aceepted, itis now certain that the entire cost cf the new work: including the shed and all accessories, will eome within $250,000,—a ‘mere bagatel in comparison with the benefits to Chicago and the towns along the line of the canal and river. which may be reasonably expected from the vastly increased volume and flow of water, * . The requirement from the pumps js that the water in the canal at the point where the works may be located shall be raised elght feet higher than the present canal-level. This increased depth cannot fail to produce the desired results. The greatest complaints of the insutfliciency of the canal in its pres- ent condition to carry off the sewage come in the winter. The water with a depth of abuut live feet, two of which were frozén at the top in solid ice last winter, has a necessa- rily sluggish movement. But. if eight feet be added to this depth at this end, there will be eleven feet of water under the ice instead of three feet, as was the case last winter, and the fall will be strong and rapid. It is not probable that it will be necessary to keep the pumps‘at work constantly nor to their fuil capacity. At times a supply of half the quantity of water which the pumps will be able to raise -will be sufficient, and at other times it may not be necessary to use thematall. In this. respect the experience will probably be much the same as at the Fullerton avenue works, constructed for the benefit of the North Branch, There are times in the spring floods when the water in the canal flows into, the river and thence into the lake. This expenditure of a quarter of a million dollars will practically accomplish all the re- sults fur many years te come which the fur- ther widening and deepening of the canal would achieve. To énlarge the ‘canal bv widening and deepening to secure a dis- charge of 60,000 cubic feet per min- ute would probably. cost from six to eight imillions of ‘dollars. The price of the land which “it would be neces- sary to purchase along: the line of the canal to hold the present accumulation of dirt from the first deepening, as well as the im- mense new excavations, would probably ex- ceed the entire cost of; the projected pump- ing-works. The time may come when there shall be an ampleship-canal along the line of the present ditch to connect the lakes and the Mississippi River. Commerce will de- mand this improvement. and the enterprise will be undertaken by the National Goyern- ment, Meanwhile, hi ver, the sewage of Chicago may be carried off through the pres- ent opening by the flow of water which a dis- charge‘ of. 6,000 cubic feet per minute will supply, and the investment to that end will be one of the best that lave ever been made by the City Government, ON EDUCATIONAL: RE- FOR. Some weeks ago one “ Ped A. Gog,” un- der the guise of preteaded friendship, vio- Jently attacked Tue Teiuune proposition that it is feasible to attach to the public edu- eational system a mechanical department of instruction. “Ped A. Gog” adopted the interrogative or Socratic method, but he was not, like the great philosopher, in pursuit of truth; his questions were facetious, sar- eastie, scornful.. Tate ‘Tutune, however, answered “Ped A, Gog” in goud faith, and he has remained silent. Now “ Ex-Pedagog ” appears as an antagonistet manual training in the public schools, It Is a noticeable co- incidence that both “Ped A. Gog” and “Ex-Pedagog ” profess to haye taken a deep interest in the articles witich have ap- peared in Tue Tuuxe on the subject of reform in educational methods; and ft is equally noticeable that both correspondents are almost utterly ignorant of the real purport of the articles they claim to have read with absorbing attention.“* Ped A. Goz”’ asked questions that had been repeatedly answered in the articles and correspondence to which he referred, and * Kx-Pedagog ” entirely misconeeives the scope and purpose of the manual training-senool at St. Louis, -Whose exact character has been repeatedly nstitutes either an im- peachment of the intelligence or the good faith of these correspond.nts, who put them- s forward as champions of inertia in educational matters, : “ Ex-Pedagog” admits away his whole case, wid then says, with the obstinacy of a clod which refuses to make way for 4 solid pavement, “1 object to the remedy.” He adinits that “nore of our youth should be led to seek profitable fields of labor in the direction of Industrial occupations”; that “ar love of labor should be instited into their ininds”; that “such a habit of work, of trained manual skill, should be secured for them as to cause idleness to be distasteful td them.” And then this representative of the principle of vis-inerticr, of resistance to edu- cational reform, exelaiins: “ [tis only when yout come to apply the remedy that L object”! Itis at this point that * Ex-Pedagog ™ s that he knows nothing about the articles he claims to have pondered deeply. [fe assumes that itis proposed to teach boys specitic trades in the common schools,—tanning, horseshoeing, shoemuaking, ete., ete. Ie “EX-PEDAGOG” You say, * Teach the use or tools In our co! mon schoo! Very well; but the use of whut tuols, pray? What trades saull be tunght in our school Cpon wuat privetple shalt bat we train carpen- fuse tu prepare borseshoers? Suull binetinaking, but » the plane, the erred to the steam mithy, the resuundmg shut out tinning? 4 saw, the chisel, to be trip-hamimer, the gris boiler-making industry? If so, itpon what gromnd object lo the noise. the dirt, surroundings, for these are ii ants of many of the trades. Neither will itdo to select for our school those trades whieh are considered light, clean, and agreeable, for iat is just whut you are charging te youth with doing. Whit trades, then, shall be admitted? (And, if you name two or three, or aiore, us was doac in the report of the Industral Seoul o by what process are the ones to be taught si lected, und those not te be nmght rejeeted?) ‘The industrist occupations of a people cannot ‘be counted upon the Unzers of one’s band. ‘They number hundreds and even thousands. If “ Ex-Pedagog” had read the articles he refers to with any care he would have learned. that the “Industrial School of Sr. Louis ” not only doves not teach “two or three or more” trades; it does not teach any specitic trades. If he had read the arii¢les in ques- tion with the care of honest inquiry he would have learned the exact theory of Prof. Wood- ward, the Director ef the sehool, in his own language—namel; “Should we not ab- stract all the mechanical. processes, and man- uatarts, and typical tools of the trades and occupations of men, aud arrange tematic course of instruction in the same, and then incorporate it into our system of education? Thus, without teaching any une trade, we teach the essential mechanical principles of all. The thousands of tools used in the arts are but moditications of a few simple cle- ments. . . . The universal tools are searee- ly mere thana half dozen in number.” It will be observed that the quoted remarks of “Ex-Pedagog ” have no application whatever tmatter of the ai ion, for the simple reason that he entirely misapprehends it. In familiar phrase, “he don’tknow what ne is talking abont.** He denounces as “ut- terly impractical and absurd” a scheme of education which it is not-proposed to intro- duce. “Ex-Pedagog ? commits himself to this proposition: . Moreover, I venture to assert that the object of the comtnon-school systers {5 nut, primary, to.euable peuple to mike x living, or to aceume: lute money. It is not needed for this purpose. Aan tho can nelther read nor write can inke yy—cal even become wealthy, muy even, doxieal as it wy scem, be uneducated 2 It will not do to he disngreenble sgury attend- to the subj A brief analysis will show, we think, that this is, to say the least, an extraordinary proposition, lt will be conceded that a priine object of any system of public education ina free and equal government is to make good and useful is; and it will not be denied that, asarule, itis easier for an educated than an unedueated man to “make a living.” ‘The man who cannot “make a living” be- comes a tramp, a vagrant, or a criminal. It would therefore seem to be a prime object of all educational systems to enable people to “makea living.” “ Ex-Pedagog” will probably concede that one object of the common-school system is to deter men from crime. But of convicts consigned to the State Peniten- tiary for the Eastern District of Pennsylva- nia in 1879, five-sixths had attended public school, and a greater proportion were with- out trades. Indeed, the report states that not. five mechanics were received into the institu- tion during the year. In 1878, of the 1,167 convicts In the Illinois Penitentiary, “only 22 per cent knew anything about any useful branch of labor,” althougi: $0 per cent could read and write. It would geem thata knowl- edge of the use of mechanical tools is better calculated to keep men out of the Peniten- tiary than a knowledge of letters. “Ex-Pedagog” spenks like an oracle. He says: i The American people are too sensible, too rictical, they have too keen a sense of” the udicrous, ever to commit the folly of tucking industrial education on to our school system. ery reform inaugurated since the world E Degan has encountered exactly this sort of dogmatic opposition. The man who invented the saw was assasinated by an envious, ma- lignant opponent of progress. ‘Che German who first erected 2 saw-inill in England was mobbed, and his building razed to the ground, by the hand-sawyers, because they feared the new enterprise would destroy their occupu- tion. The charter of the first canal required the boats tobe drawn “by men only,” lest the conditions of labor should be disturbed. ‘The pit-coal furnaces of Dud Dadley were repeatedly destroyed by charcoal smelters, and Dudley himself persecuted and driven to prison, as @ penaity for the crime of having made a discovery. Hunts- man was persecuted because he made an improvement in steel, by all the old-style inferior steel manufacturers of England who actually appealed to Parliament to pro- hivit the exportation of the new superior product with the intent of ruining IMunts- man’s business. Thousands: of instances might be cited of the most pigheaded oppo- sition offered by stupidity to the spfrit of progress. ‘There is always somebody to say “Stop!” to every effort’ at reform. This somebody will admit the need of reform, as “Ex-Pedagog ” does iv the matter of educa- tlonal methods, but when a new method is proposed he shouts, “£ object!” Without comprehending the educational proposition. under discussion, “Ex-Pedagog” declares that itis “impractical, ludicrous,” and appeals to the American people to condemn it, not- withstanding he displays an ignorance of the subject so profound as to excite contempt. THE ENGLISH VOLUNTEER REVIEW. Yesterday was a great day for Old En- gland, having been set apart fur the review of the volunteers before tne Queen In Wind- sor Park. | All of England thatcould get into the park, it is to be presumed, witnessed the spectacle, with the exception of -the Louses of Lords and Commons, for whose accomino- dation Prince Christian, ‘“ Ranger of the Park,” had declined to reserve any seats. ‘The omission roused a spirit of indignation in both Houses, as well it night, considering that the Prince in his official capacity has had nothing else to do for a year or more in earning the salary which Parliament votes him. Be this as it may, howev tendance must hayé been gratified at the unusual spectacle of 114 regiments of all arms, numbering more than 50,000 men in scarlet, parading and executing their maneuvres in the beautiful park, ‘Twenty-eight English and two Welsh counties were represented in the review, and this large number of voluntee: 3 brought to London, viewed, and reviewed, and sent home again on the same day, which is quite as remarkable as a feat in railroad transpor- tation as itis from a military point of view. It was the largest military review ever held in England,—that which was made in honor of the Sultan of Turkey in 1867 jumounting only to 28,000 men. in line. ‘The day was made a general holiday, so far as London was concerned. All volunteers en- gaged In the public service who could pos- stuly go were granted leave of absence fur the day, and this example was followed by nearly all classes of employers. Every one. enjoyed it excepting the disgruntled mem- bers of Parliament whom Prince Christian had snubbed and left ‘out in the cold’ to stand round on tip-toe and see as much as they could of the martial pageant. In the efficiency of the English volunteers there has been a marked improvement, which is noted with sausfaction by the English journals. Itissaid that while their organ- ization is still imperfect and fragmentary, “they are’ etlicient in the groundwork of drill, they furnish a large percentage of ac- complished marksmen, they devote them- selves more and more assiduously to continu- ous instruction in the field and under canvas, they are accustomed to combined movements in. battalions and brigades, their numbers are maintained from year to year without diminution.” This is reassuring testimony as tothe progress of a people. who are not very prone to soldiering, especially in the volunteer ranks. Itis probable, however, that the necessity has become. apparent. ‘The volunteer organization of Great Britain, which was inaugurated in 1859, hadits origin in the grave suspicion which the people had of the intentions of Louis Napoleon when he assembled a great army at Bou- Jogne. The ‘relations between France and England are not even so cordial now as they then were, ‘The recent disposition of France to extend her territorial area “beyond seas,” especially in the North of Africa,—an exten- sion which is fast bringing her to the very sands of Egypt, are not looked upon with- out jealousy by the British people, the more so because France moves on with perfect in- difference to Euglish suggestions or pro- tests, It is possible that England recognizes the likelihood of a collision at a no very di: tant day, and feels that her supremacy over the watery boundary between herself and France and her defense against any menace of invasion may be best maintained by a large and efficient home-guard, While allthe nations of Europe are increasing their forces, and no one can tell where the storm may first strike, England is acting wisely in placing her volunteers upon the strongest possible footing. WHAT THE IRISH CENSUS SHOWS. The Irish census of 1881, taken in April last, shows the usual decline of population in the island. The following are the figures of the population during the last forty years: Year. Population, — Decrease. years has been 3,036,743,—equal toa loss of percent. In this respect Ireland is an ex- ception among the e1vilized countries of tha world. No such wholesale expatriation has ever taken place in modern times. This, too, among a people who are exceptionally devot- ed to their country, are proud of its history, and to whom every village and hamlet is en- deared by legend and song covering a period of two thousand years. Nothing but compul- sion, an actual choice between death and ex- patriation, could have driven such a propor- tion of such a people to abandon their native land and all the tender memories of home. The London Times of recent date, in an article on this array of figures, treats thesub- Jeet with that cold-blooded indifference pe- eullar to English treatment of Irish ques- tions, lt admits that the foreed emigration of the Irish people iias not sulyed the ques- tion. It falls to express one word of con- demnation of the English policy which has made Ireland a pauper-house anda grave- yard. On the contrary, it declares that “These successive reductions are pointed at in Ireland as proof of English misgovern- ment, but In fact they show that the Irish peasantry are learning somehow or other tostruzgle toahigher standard of living than their fathers.” The fact that a land amply capable, if not foully dealt with, to support ten millions of people in comfort is so unable to support five millions that they are indebted to the world outside of England tor the means to live, and deport more than their natural increase of population in order that the bread of charity may be sufficient to sustain life in the others, receives no notice on the part of the Tines. ‘The fact is notstated that, unlike any other people in Europe, the Lrish are confined by Jaw to a single industry. Though Ireland has. water-power in abundance, all manu- factures that might compete with those of Great Britain are practically prohibited. ‘There is little or no diversity of employment. Fora veitury England was able to recruit her army and navy from the surplus and un- employed population of Ireland. But this has been stopped by the refusal of the Irish to enlist. The men who once filled the Brit- ish army and navy now find their way to English cities, and to the cities of the United States, Canada, and Australia. During these forty years of decay and de- cline of the Irish population the relentless tax of the agriculture of the country in the ry all in ate shape of rent has gone on without mereys The aggregate rent from the land in Trelang has been forced up to $60,000,000 per year: During these forty years of shrinkage of population a sum of $2,400,000,000 has been taken from these unfortunate penptg for rack rent of land, and only a. trifie of all that money has been expended in Ire. land. It has been earted off to England In the shape of food and there expended. This Vast sun of rent,which is nearly equal to the whole War debt of the United States; hag been extort from a population whieh for ty years ago numbered 8,000,000, and now counts up a seant 5,000,000. Is it any wonder that the people of Ireland leave that country when m the best of seasons they ean hone fur no surplus after paying the rack Tent, and when in bad seasons they can only escape famine through the aid of American contributions? How is it-in England, with a population five times as great.as that of freland? In England there are 29,000,000 acres of land; in Ireland 20,000,000 acres. yet England supports over 25,000,000 of peo. ple, und the 5,000,000 in Ireland are forever strugaling with poverty, One cause of this is that the entire rental of both England and Ireland fs expended in England, and none of it In Ireland. ‘The one country is gleaned closely of all its products, while what is taken from the land in England is returned to it again, All branches of industry are encouraged: and promoted in England, while in Ireland the sole vccupation is the cultivation of the’ svil, the land being divided into small patches, the product of iwhich- has to pay enormous rents and feed and clothe the fam- | ily, and whenever any Irish farmer improves his land by drainage or manures, so as to ins crease his erop, the rent of his land is at’ once raised. The harder and better he works the more rent is exacted from him. This’ land system is manitesily deadly in its prac. tical effects. It discourages industry by de priving it of reward or hope of recompense The London Times points out with seem- ing concern that the loss: of population in Protestant Ulster is greater than In either of the three Catholic provinces. During ten years the population of Ulster has fallen off 90,000. The most of these people were thrifty and comparatively well-to-do farm- ers, and above the great bulk of the people in point of means. In that province the “Ulster custom” has been recognized. It secures to the tenant the value of his im- provements when he sells out, but it still leaves him subject to the will of the land- lord in the matter of raising the rate of rental. These Ulster farmers have, how-’ ever, availed themselves of the right to sell their leases, and with the money thus ob- tained have ieft the land of their birth for America or Australia, where they can be- come land-owners instead of slaves of these thrifty, industrious people fs regretted by the Times beeause they have earricd with them not only their valuable labor but an aggregate capital which is needed in Lreland, f this class of people, who have been ex- empt frem the worst evilz of Lrish land laws, have been driven from the eountry, unable to endure the exhaustive oppression any Jonger. what must be the condition of the people in the other provinces, who have now no law, or custom, or any other protection against the arbitrary exactions of alien land- lords intent only on getting the last farthing from the soil and then evicting the st family to die of starvation on the reads The same paper intimates that, if the Land bill pass, tenants in Ireland will have the value of their leases increased, which in time may lead them, as the Ulster farmers have done, to sell out and with the money plant themselves in other countries.. The reader of the article, however, will be struck with the heartless tone and séntiment which pervade it. The compulsory expatriation of the Irish people of all classes and of all re- ligions, and of the comparatively well-to-do as well as of those living-on charity to cs- eave from the cruelty of the land laws and of the general cruel discriminations against, Ireland, and to secytre homes for their chil- dren under a system of free laws and free labor, is commented upon as if it were the deportation of so much live stock; there is not one word of condemnation of the causes whieh foree these people away, nor one word of appeal that the laws be modified and tem- pered with justice and merey. Tue statement male in the Associated Press dispatches Friday morning, and referréd to editorially in Tie Triuoxe yesterday, to the etfect that tho New York Chamber of Commerce hud raised a purse of $250,W0 for Mrs. Garfield a3 premature. The truth is that some mem- bers of the Chatmber of Commerce buve under- taken to raise that amount. ‘The original state- ment was apparently well-authenticuted. We reproduce tho original sociated Press dis- patch to show how expl: the information was on this point: WASuILX Ld ‘, D. C., July 7.—Postmaster-Gen- 5a telegram from George Wilson, Sceretary of the New York Chumber of Com- who requests the Postmaster-Genentl to to Mrs. Gartlela that the members of the y York Chamber or Commerce bave sub- scribed $25).000 to be-presented to her, both a3 a token of their-sinccre esteem and syinpathy, and as ames f relieving the mind of the President entirely from anxiety with respect to the future of his tamily. ‘To this telezram Postmaster-General James bas sent the fullow- ing reply: NS, WASHINGTON, D. C.. Jaly Secretary tf the Chamber of w York City: Your dispatch bas been ‘Mrs. Gartield. On recetpt of it she Fe marked that there was 40 muen that was touching and benuntul In the sympathy of the people of the Bhole country that sue did not dure trust perselt 10 ink of tt. “THOMAS 1. JAMES, Postmaster-General. ‘The dispatch of “George Wilson, Secretary of the Chamber ot Commerce,” {5 not givea. It probably informed the Postmuster-Geueral that 2 subzeription hus been openca with the purpose of raising $250,000. The fact seems to be that only 34 were raised on Thursday, and the umount subscribed, though somewhut increased, has not yet reuched $10),W. eS Tiin great French chemist and explorer inio the secrets ot nature and punusite life, M. Pasteur, is now conducting researches into tbe subject of rabies which promise to throw much needed light upon this obscure snd dreadful disense. He has ulready demonstrated that the brain substance us weil as the saliva contalos the virus, and will produce the disease as effect- ively if used to tnoculate beulthy animals. Mat- ter trom the medulia oblungata acd toe frontal portion of one of the brain hemispheres aud the liquid of the brain bave been thus used witD success. The uncertain development of the di3- ease after inocutation, and the variable and often very long period of incubation, bare been among the chief difficulties in the investigation of rabies. M. Pasteur is now able to communl- exte the disease surely, and to shorten consid- erably the time of incubation. His method '8 to Inveulate directly the surface of the brain having recourse to trepanauion und using a3 in- culating matter the. cerebral substance of & mud dog as pure as possible. In that case, It 1 snid, the tirst symptoms of rabies appear infal- libly ina week or two, and death ensues in less than three weeks. In these researches M. Pas teur has the codperution of M3. Chamberland, Roux, and Thuiluier. . a Tue German-Chinese commercial treaty, signed in Peking last spring, is now being cone sidered by the German Council und House of Peers. It isu revis exccedingly favuruble to Germuny- In 1st there were in Caja 15,670 coasting and outward- bound vessels with a capacity of 6,900,0U0 tons: of these 8,276 were English, 3,092 American, and 2243German. But in 187%, when the arrivals and sailings of vessels in China were 21,490 04> 000,40 tons), there were only 1,00¢ German against 10,609 English sbips; America, with 31 vessels, having fallen far in the rear. By the provisions, of the new treaty several new Chinese ports and rlyers are open to German trade. Tonnage dues are diminianed, {nso far a3 the tonnage, which hitherto had to be paid. for absentee feudal Lords. The departure of .