Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, April 10, 1881, Page 4

SUNDAY, APRIL 10, 1881-TWENTY PAGES. 4 THE CHICAGU TRIBUNE: 3 = % od, e v = [ we o rati avi ight | ageregate of human suffering. The minor | beiialized from thissale of ‘moble titl + i Vi i . Ilarrison’s social or private re- | ceed exactly on the lines of duty and indi- | would beno cmigration, save such as igh g Th b i ment for their services from private citizens, llffions which can justifs the hopes | vidual interest; if it did It would not be | take placeamong men of moroor less means, disasters have also been unusuallynumerous. | serfz to reduco the taxes at present levied upog g r In this country alone 78 persons have lost | fndistries and munufuctuzes.. No better propo. e ribane. SCRIPTION. TERMS OF SUB: BY AT TN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID. Daily editlon. one § 12.00 Tarik of 4 year. per mon| nid Samiyy, one s T =t nesdir. an 36opnse edition, peryeas EEKLY EDITION—TOSTRAID. o cmen coples sent TR0, ot ORics address in full. Including County. v Give and State. Tensitiances ma« bo made either by dralt, expresy, Post-Oftice order. or in rexistercd letter, a1 0ur Fis<. TO CITY Tafiv.delivercd, Sunday exce; ed, Tany.delivered, Sunday inciude 3 Addrees THE TRIEUN PANY, ‘Corner Madizon anc Dearborn-ris.. Licazo[IL _Entered at the Past-0fics ai_Chicago, I, as Second= Class Matter. onr patrons who desiro 1o sead et THE TIBENE throuzh tho Wall, W Siveherewith Lhe transient rate 07 posiage: Domestl Flgttand Twelve Page Paper.. Bixtcen Page Papo: Per Copn. Bightnnd Twelve Page Iaper.. Eixteen Page Faper. & BIRANCIL OFFICES. TRIB CNE has established branch oy CTTICAGD TRIB raag T criptions kod sdverise- offices Tar the recelpt 0i suUS( foliows: B i Room 2 Trilune Bullding. F.T.Mc- anazer. s < GLASGOW, Scousnd—Allan’s American News Arency, il Jientied-st. LONDON, Eus. KNGHTS CHICAGO COM v, N0, 19, i cka) Concluve Stondas gvening, Aprt B N ioek b Orgur of the ‘temple will e conferred. Vising Sir Knishis afeass weicome. < 1 POND, £ C. BHAVbGoopaAN. Kecorter. D.C. CREGIER LODGE, P.IYL’H]IS fflflliml'{nh‘_flllhn{ N Gilnes A Cordiatly invited. iy wider JAMES KEATS, W. M. JORN GINOUIIY, Secraracy: BLAIR LODGE. NO. 30, A. F. & Communication Jonduy evenin Dazuns Hall. in American, Exp porant business und work Vi Gizdy invied. By order C. W “M. 1. BUZZELL, Secretary. APOLLO COMM. TEMPLAR-Snec April 12,151, 21 S 0 Knizhts are alwars sembie prompuy 2 ommander. v i ock, {or renearsul. eleome. ki drill corps S By order of the Lmincnt T S. TIFFANY, ltecorder. <0, 2, R. AL, TN voration Monday evening, Work on ‘I‘Ixu ;L Degree. Come, rder o HOLEILP No. 48, A F. & Ao ezular Comwunication Thurday ~ evening, April 1L Importaut work. All meinbers are requested To'be present. Visitony b cordiully tnclted. T 3L MICHOLS, W. M. WAL 3£ STANTO! s 1eenth and Sixt AL 16, 1. 0. 0. F.~The ofticers and. wmembers are hiersby nozliied 1o be preseat Mondsy freuing, April 1L Duslugss of ereniug, iniuizdion. Gavel sounds ut § st HENN"\Y. CHANDLER, Seeretary. PARE CRAPIEW, No 1% LA M n: eventng. April 1. at Bal) corner Ciark und Centre-sts. ' M. und i, Degrees. Visitors cordizily invited. et 3L I 1L P PITRIN, Secretary. CORINTTLLAN CHAPTER, Convocation Monduy eveul; 1 o'clos Work on the Sark Mascer Dedror, Visiting compan- nvited. 1 onde fonsare cordially (il WARKINGTON, I P. 3. 0. DICKERSUX, ecretary. APOLLO LOUGF, members are ratem 3 F. & A M~TIE roquested 1o atiend next resular Communication. ‘Fhurviuy evenine, Apell i Important business Which {nierests every membes STANDISH ACKES, W W. 1. STAFFORD, Secretury. ASTILAR LODGE. NO. T3, A.F. & A. M.—Special gmeoting in thelr hall, G Monfouite Tucscay even- 1ng; April 12, for work! The frateraity in e C. 1L CIEANE, Secretary. TEEN ESTTIER CHAPTER, NO. 4L O WII haid o “neck-tle party al Grand Avn ifull, J Esst Wushington-si, Wednesdny evening, April 15 Muaic by Prof. Carr. SUNDAY, APRIL 10, 1818 BraprLAvGH was reClected at North- awpton yesterday. The ovposition to him united in support of Mr. Corbet, a Tory, who received 8 votes, azainst 3,378 cast for Bradlaugh. At the last election Bradlaugh’s majority was much larger. Tuoyas CARLYLE bequeathed the books used by him in writing the lives of Oliver Cromwell and Fredrick the Great to Harvard University. A paragraph in his will ex- presses the kindliest good will to Ameriea, and particularly to the United States. His supporters in Virginia unqualifiedly Indorse the course of Senator Mahone. The Readjusters’ Convention, at llarrisonburg, Va., yesterday, passad resolutions, by & unan- Imous vote, commending his political action, end his votes in the United States Scnate. GEN. M. W. Gany, for many years a prom- inent fizure in South Carolina politics, and State Senator from Edgefield County from 1876 to 1880, died yesterday at Edgefield Court-House, S. C. "The deceased was a Brigadier-General in the Confederate serv- ice. He was hot-tempered, erratie, and brave.” He took a very active part in the Presidentinl campaign of 151, and was a candidate for United States Senator from South Carolina against Senator (*Ham- burg”) Butler. THE prisoners now on trial at St. Peters- burg all boldly avowed their Nihilistic prin~ clples yesterday. Toussakoff said that he was driven to join the conspiring terrorists because he was convinced a peaceful agita- tion for reform in Russia would be abor- tive. Kibaltschifisch, the bomb-maker, made a similar - declaration. = Jeliaboff, the ablest of the male prisoners,. re- counted his connection with = former plots, and magnanimously tried to excuse Roussakoft and Michaeloff by saying they were mere instruments. Ile showed great skill in cross-examining witnesses, and made & good impression on the newspaper men, at least, by his dignified aud manly bearinsz. Hessy Helfman avowed lier sympathy with the Nihilists, and Sophie Pieifosky proudly related her participation in several plots to assasinate the Czar. These candid avowals led the prosecution to state that the trial could be much shortened. For weeks past the New York papers have been filled with compiaints of the filthy con- dition of the strects. Public meetings have been held to denounce the derelict Commis- sion who spend n million and a quarter a year in not cleaning them. Bills have been introduced Into the Legislature to reform tle dirty officers orfire them out. The Mayor has summoned the Police Commissioners for trial before him on a long string of charges drought against them as street-cleaners. The principal one is, of course, that they did not clean the streets, and this they cannot deny, but simply confess and avoid. The others are that they allowed garbage and rabbish to be illegally mixed; that they have made false Tetrns of the work actually done by theins: that they atlowed the public sed msportation ot pro e pubhish: | that they em 1hat they < todhe 5 that 1 and foremen and inspectors to extort pa went from laborers for making false returns of the time spent in the municipal service; that they have cheated grossly in their charge for horse-feed; - that they have per- mitted garbage and manure to be emptied into the river instead of being taken out to sea, and soon. On the very same day the Grand Jury presented the Commissioners also for having made appointments in the street-cleaning service “from political con- siderations, and without regard to the per- sonal titness of the appointees”’: for hiring scowsat an extravagang price, and thenallow- ing them o be employed In transporting pri- vate dirt, and the inspectors to receive pay- ment for the same, and so on. Infact, the charges against the Commissioners are that they are * politicians ™ engaged actively in the. practice. of * politics.” The Natlon thinks that if the inculpated 'raseals of Com- missioners were wise, ‘“‘they would reply boldly that the daily and continuous clean- ing of streets by able-bodied men was a monarchieal practice; that the objection to heaps of garbage at the front deor wus a plece of aristoeratic fastidiousness; that the confinement of the seows to the city service was opposed to American habits and tradi- tions; and that in allowing the scavengers to blackmail the householders, and the foremen to blackmail the scavengers, they were ear- rying out the great Awerican system of *assessments,” without which no true and healthy political activity would exist.” A e has been introduced in the Tlinols Senate and passed to a third réading which providds that no election-district in counties under township organization shall contain to exceed 600 voters. The number of votes cast at the last preceding clection are to be taken as the basis of the first division. Re- adjustment of election-districts shall not be made oftener than once in tour years. The polls are to be opened at 7 in the morning and continued open untit 6 in the afternoon in country districts, and until ¥ in the even- ing in city districts. The provisions are just and fair. No nore than+600 votes can be casily and comfortably polled in a city pre- cinct; and it should be the object of the Election Iaw to make voting not only easy, but convenlent. The expense of small districts is not in the long run nearly so grent as thatof large ones, for the waste of time involved in the practice of keeping long lines of voters ut the polls entails a considerable loss upon the community. The actnal operation of the law will be to make most of the election-districts contain fewer than 600 voters, as that will be the extreme limit, and when the districts are originally formed they will be luid out with a view to possible expausion and growth in four ye: The principle of the bill is also correet in that it does not contemplate the erection of election-districts solely on ihe basis of popu- lation, and without reference to the number of aliens in any given locality. This was the ridiculous plea put forth last fall on behalf of a plan thet wouid have g some wards in the City of Chicago an” average of one poll to every 200 or 300 voters, and would have entailed a needless expense, while itwould have served no good purpgse whatever. The smaller the election-district, other things being the less possibility is there of frand there is no advantage in minute and endless subdivisions below the point that will admit w, the wards If this bill shiould becowe a that would be entitled to new preciuets on the basis vote would ourth, T of last fall's Second. Third, Eighth, Ninth, Tentl, Eleventh, Twelf and Seventcenth,—seven KRepublican and four Demoeratic. But of the Democratie ards the Eighth and Seventeenth had an average of only 610 to a precinet, which is barely above the limit, while the Ninth had 861, the First 749, and the Eleventh 697; and they were all Republican. The Fourteenth, about which such a hullabaloo was raised Jast fall by the Democratic press, had an average of only 493 to a precinet, the lowest in the city. HARRISON'S FUTURE POLICY. The issuesof the election Tuesday were dis- tinet and plain, and on them the Republican candidates were disastrously defeated. The stay-at-home vote contributed to the result, but did not cause it. If every anan who voted last November in Chicago had gone to the polls Tuesday, Mr. Harrison would still have been elected, as a certain proportion of the absentee Republicans would have sup- ported him, if they had gone to the polls, for one bad reason or another. The verdict being thus decisive, its signifi- cance remafus to be considered. It does not mean, we apprehend, thata majority of the citizens of Chicago are determinedly m favor of tolerating licentiousness, nor necessarily that as many approve of Mr: Ilarrison per- sonally as voted to continue his Administra- tion. But it is a sort of notice to the commu- nity that the saloen -interest and its direct and indirect subporters will not be inter- fered with, no matter how much they vio- late the terms of their licenses, or the ordi- nanees of the city, orthe rulesof deceney and public morality. They voted solid that any saloon should enjoy the privilege of havinza brothel attachment, or of operating a gam- bling department for the drinks for the ben- efit and amusement of boys. ‘The brewers, the distillers, and the retailers of spirituous and malt liquors, and their friends and patrons, said on Tuesday in lan- muage as plain as they could use, “Iznds off.” They wished merely to be let aloue to do exactly as they please. Deing satistied with the * liberal " treatinent and protection they received from the City Administration, they did not desire to exchange it foranother that might bo less tolerant of their ilfegal practices and eriminal conduet. Between these classes of voters aud those who helped to eleet Mr. Harrison because they believed him to be in favor of a loose police administration there Is a broad line of separation. 1t was his misfortune that he received the support of all the habirual law- breakers in this community. ‘The profession- al zamblers, bunko-dealers, fenges, thieves, swindlers, blackmailers, and scoundrefs of every hue and description were unanimously in favor of his reclection. TTiey said to him, “Well done, our good and faithful servant: | enter into another term.” The success of | their cfforts exceeded their most sanguine ex- pectations. With the assistance of the reputa- Dle citizens, who, for the causes mentioned, voted for Mr. JTarrison, they mave him n big majority, and, as is usual with men of that character, they claim far more of the credit of the victory than they deserve. As is usual also with them, they will be the first and the loudest in clamoring tor the fruits of vietory: XNow, pray, what is Mr. Harrison golng to do for them? Whatcan hedo? Their ex- pectations are raised very high. No ordinary concessions will satisfy them. Alr. arrison cannot do what his Iawless supporters will demand of him. XNothing less than the abolition of the police foree, or its conversion into an au: ianl elasses, wonld thelr views, He it would wanild overs Addmialstzation in frre- alivwed 2sh and garbage men to extort pay trievable ruin, There is. nothing in of his worst supporters or excite the appre- hensions of-his truest friends. The remurk- able indulgence which he has extended to the Jaw-breakers has been cansed by an at- filiation with them in his capacity of poli- tician and party leader, not by sympathy with them as an individual. ITe must, there- fore, disappoint their new plans for the re- trenchment of the functions of the police, unless he is prepared, as we do not believe he s, to break with his friends in private life and to sink the gentleman wholly in the place-hunter and social.outeast. But it cannot be dentied thag the Mayor has, entered ubon a thorny pathway, from which he will find it difieult to extricate himself with hanor. Xle has passed more than one mile-post on the road of bummerism. If he shall continue ou to the end his punish- ment- must be exemplary and tinal as that of Wis illustrivns party predec The moral sense of the community is just now,.perhaps, a little callous. It is not easily penctrated by the stings of conscience. The whips and scorpions of an aroused public opinion have not vet been applied to it. 1f once they are laid on with the old- time vigor it will be made o feel its own great remissness and slothful self-indul- ence. We warn the Mayor that he has only to overlook the real situation, and be lulled intoa sense of false security and pride, to meet a political disgrace and oblivion which hehas as yet never dreamed of. The lessons of the past are all there, if he will only read them. When the nest conflict comes, if come it must, ho will, perhaps, find that the voters of the eity, while they are opposed to any interference with the moderate and law- ful pursuit of their own pleasures, are not allin favor of throwing down the bars and leaping into the pastures of riotous and un- Jawtul indulgence. THE BUILDING SEASON. There have been great expectations of an unusual rush of building during the coming spring and summer season. There are many evidences that Chicago has been filling up at a more rapid rate of inerease during the past year than ever before. The demand for houses Is couclusive of ithis fact. Rents have consequently been raised, and the op- portunity for bullding and renting at a profit hias been generally recognized by landown- ers and capi ‘Fnere has been consid- erable enterprise in this direction during the winter in spite of the severe weathier, but it issmall by contrast with the preparations that have been made, the plans that have been drawn, the cuntracts that have been let, und the money that has been laid aside for proceeding as soon as the winter should break up. ‘The time has about cowe around when operations should be begun on a largs seale, but there is still a delay. This delay is significant. It would seem to indicate that the prospeet for extensive Duilding has induced the meehanics and the manutacturers and dealers in building mate- 1to demand wages and prices which are and contractors condition has put a serious check upon building enterprise. Brick is said to be searce, aud the brick-men have taken advantage of the condition to adopt a rising seale of prices. Meanwhiie ngements have been and arebeing made to enlarge and extend the manufaciure of hrick, et later on may be glutted. There is no doubt that many persons who had fully determined apon building this spring have abandoned the purpose. It is known that eontracto reed to build for otker: gure have deelared their inability to do the work at the price fixed. In: sume cases the capitalists have ylelded to the demwd for an inerease of 20, 25, or 3 per cent onthe contract price, but in very many moere cases the conts have been torn up amd building projects postponed to a more favorable season. Tence there is seri- ous danger of a reaction, in whieh case thore will not only he disappointinents, but much loss of time and money. If the classes who furnish the material and labor for the construction of houses reeog- nize the danger promptly, there may yet be time to save the season. It is important, be- cause there are many industries and trades that are indirectly dependent on activity in building. If the working population of Chi- cago be largely increased by the general prospect for an active building season, and this prospect prove a disappointment, some- thing very like hard times will result. 1f the demand for ho! shail continue tobelarge, the supply short, and rents high, the people in moderate circumstances will seck homes in the suburbs or. in other cities. But all these matural resuits of a cess: tion in Dbuilding may be avoided by a wise policy on the part of the mechanies and the dealers in building material. The sooner these people come to the conclusion they have overreached themselves and re- solve to be content with fair wages and rea- sonable profits, the better it witl be for them and for the community. Unless the growth of Chicagobe impederd by excessive demands on the part of the building classes there will be abundant work at fair compensation, and livelier times than the ¢ity bas had in wany years. But to assuve this condition of things, and to avert the menace of a reaction, the dealers and mechanies wust abandon the policy of extortion at onee. THE LIBRARY AND ART? IEMORIAL. ‘The meeting of the Executive Committee appointed at the Musie-Tiall meeting to take charge of the Memorial Library and Art subseription developed some diversity of vie but it was a good Leginning of the work. Some wmembers of the Commiites from whom much is expected in the way of practical advice and encouragement were unaveidubly absent, but those who were present exhibited a prover degree of earnest- s and interest in the subject. The gen- higher than the capit: have counted on, and that th ¢, that they are not to holiday campaign. It is one thing to ¥ o1 A siege on paper, quite another to conduct the aciual operations in the field. So it may be- entively simple to raise the funds for a meworial buitding by apportion~ ndividuals ad elasses the sums 2 to and ought to pay, and afar more serious job to convince them of ability and daty in the pr ¢S, The vlan of making the subseription popu- Jar and comprehensive is a good oune. It should be the boastof the Committee when they have compicted their work suceessfully, as we are convinced the v do, that the opportunity forall the people of the city to contribute according to their means has not been withheld, Tlhere may be a considerable sum realized from the cany by blucks, as sugzested by Mr. ank, if it is faitnfutly and systematically wade; certinly, if the persons wha have enjoyed the benefit of the Library and those who expect to share in the advantages of the Memorial Building will contribute a tithe of wit they fairly owe to the enterprise, it will be a complete and in- stantzneous sueeess. But it would not be entirely safe to indulge hopes of this deserip- tion. The experience of wany institu- tions in this ecity ‘which have de- vended for their - support on vol- untary and popular benevolence scems to show that the most grudging givers are those who are under the most solemn obli- #ations to give freely, and who have the means to do so. Generosity does not pro- generosity. We must Jook for the greater part of the funds required to those who have the least personal advantage to derive from the use of the proposed building, and whose obligations in the matter. if they have any, will be only those which every public- spirited citizen owes to the community in whieh he resides, 5 b It is the wisfortunc of Chicago that her citizens have not had exverience of under- takings of this nature. They have not been instructed in well-doing, and have few, if any, examples of public benefactions. The contagion of giving freely for the common good has not been imported into this community either from Boston or Cinefn- nati, nnd unless some one of our greab merchanis has lately ught 1t there. there is no tellin; when it will Dbe communicated to the whole people. More than one Is suspected of cherishing plans for a magnificent and en- during monument to his memory in- the shape of some public institution to be found- ed after his death, but all the schemes of this nature are still very much in the air. "There is not one apparently who as et has learned that “1le gives twice who givesquietly,” and he gives three times who lives to see Lis money doing good to others. If it is more Dblessed to give than to receive, then he fs an unfortunate man who deliberately makes death the door to his felicity, ‘There could notbe a grander example of the advantage of earrying out plans of public benevolence in one’s own life-time than that which is furnished in the career of Peter Coower. e founded a noble charlty & gen- eration ago, and has lived to enjoy the honor of it a thousand-fold since; to be known as the benefactor of a wultitnde of ‘his fellow- men, and to have the affection and esteem of - his neighbors in - a de- gree which no other citizen of XNew York has realized. Not only as the founder of the Cooper Institute, but as the director of its actual overations, he has had the opportunity to show his wisdom and liberahty; and as the one most interested in its welfare hio has given it the benefit of his business sagacity as perhaps no -other man would have been able or witling to do. Ilow infinitly to be preferred is the experience of ach an one to that of Stephen Girard, for instance. Few or any of the institutions pro- vided for in the wills of citizens of Chicago, from the Chicago University to tha Newberry Library, have equaled the expectations that werg formed concerning them, while in more than one instance they have been involved fn litigation and the Intentions of their founders wholly or in part defeated. We have strong hopes that the Library and Art Memorial Building will mark anew de- parture in the havits of Chicazo with refer- ence o public enterprises, The efforts for the raising ot this fund may early give rise o a now idea of what constitutes civie glo) and if this is done in some practieal way the undertaking will be amply justified. The wisdom of the Committee appointed to pros- ccute the eanvass may be trusted to earry it forward with diligence and fidelity; but we shall be disappointed if the canvass of indi- viduals who are conspicuously able to zive large amounts is neglected in the more gen- eral plan. On the one hand it should be said that the poor have been asked to give wliat | they could, and that the rich have been urged to make good the deficient BROAD EFFECTS OF THE IRISH LAND BILL. We have already published a synopsis of the I Land bill-proposed in the British | Parlinment by Mr. Gladstone, and have eomn- mented upon its, character and purpost r. Gladstone proveses It as a matter of strict justice, and, as such, a measure for the preservation of ‘pence and good order in Ire- land. We have already pointed out that it is just such a lnw as will command the suppoit of the entire Irish people, beeause all clas; are alike refieved by its radical reform of ‘opvressive abu It is evident that the Op- position is perplexed somewhat as to the course to be pursued. Mr. Parnell has been competled to declare that it is a wise and honest bill, aud Lord Northeote, tl leader, has taken early occasion to say that his pi ill take time to comsider what course they will adopt. “The bilt is of suchk acharacter thet the Opposition ‘will think twice before risking the eonsequences of defeating such a measure. The most extrav- agant Land-Leaguer and the wildest Orange- man will hesitate long before they will out- Tage the interests of thefr countrymen by defeating such a humane and just Jaw as this one. ‘Fhe moral resulfs of thie enactinent of this law will be fur-reaching as well as beneficial | not only in Ireland and to the Insh people, but will also-extend largely to this country: It will not only lift un immense load from the shoulders of the eatire Irish population, but will arrest compulsory Irish- emigration to this country, and will relieve the Irish m America of the enormous pecuniar fice to which they aro subjected to protect their kindred at home from starva distress. Tne Triuse vears ago’ claimed that England by her course of treatwent of Ire- land was guilty of maintaining a national nuisange. She was keeping a° whole peo- ple in a condition of absointe pauperism, compelling them to depend exclusively for existence on a small fraction of the products of the land, practicaily denyingthem the liberty to eni - other Industry, and confiseating the annual production of food under the claim of exorbitant rent, and leav- ing the miserable people the choice between emigration as paupers or dying by the roadside for wunt of subsistence. It is notoribus that the Irish m this country have sent in money to friends and kindred in Ireland an average ot not less than five wmillions of dollars per year, and sowe years as much asten millions, ard that this money was paidover to English landlords for rack-rent,—paid over by pov- riy-suilering people for the mere privilege of existing upon the few aeres out of which they gained a scanty subsistence. Upon England has rested the shame and-respons bility of reducing a whole people to such vauperism that the only escape from death was by migrating to other lands, without trades, without educated skill in any kind of iabor, to become in their new homes a charge upon strangers and friends until they could earn by rouzh labor enough to sustain life. She nas scattered her Irish subjects to all parts of the civilized world, but more largely to this country than to any otker. Itis 2 mistake to assume that Irlsh emigr: tign as a rule has been a matter of choice, e: cept that choice which lies between death and expatriation. The Irish have as greata Jove for their native land, for its history, its monwmnents, its traditions, and associations ashave any other people on earth. They are as attached to the soil as are cven the French to the soil of Frauee, and yet there are a thousand emigrants from Ircland toone from France. ‘Fhe latter own and occupy the land they cultivate,while the former have been slaves, denled even the right accorded to all stayes, of seanty food and bad shelter. 1f the Irish people were, as the French people are, the owners and oceupants of the Iaud, each man the proprietor of his own farm, no matter how small it may be, they would ve asfirmly and as immovably rooted to their homes as are the French people. There i for fue seeking larger fields for capital and larger farms for families. These cmigrants would reach new homes not as paupers, but with all the means, education, and business habits needed to establish themselves. This Land bill does not distribute the Iand in Ireland among the peasantry, but it gives them a tenure of fitteen years,—a practical ownership,—with a right of property in ev- erythiny they add to the land, and a right in property on the surface limited only by their own thrift, and which in time' will make it more profitable for the landlord to sell the land than to purchase the tenant’s property. 'The aggregate production of the land, held by perimanent tenants at fixed vents, will vastly esceed thatof the ‘'same land held, as now, by tenants at will, subject to whatever rent may be demanded. This surplus pro- duction will be natioual wealth. It witl rep- resent what the country has to sell aftersap- plying domestic wants. It will revive trade; it will rebuild and revivify the countrytowns and villages; it will open fresh employment to labor on the enlarged cultivation of fields and increased agricultural production; itwill recall from England the million and a half of Irish laborers, mnow driven there to find employment; it will find work for every man in Ireland capable of Inbor; it will give better hubitations, better clothes, and better food and more of it to the great mass of the people. In short, it will lift & nation of comparative paupers to a self sustaining, self respecting, industrions, and prosperous people. With, or out of, this prosperity will arisethe necessity for other branches of labor than the mere cultivation of the land. The means to purchase will lead to the necessity for manufacturing, and manufacturing will lead to other wants, to be supplied by other industry. Ireland is capable of comfortably supporting 10,000,000 of people, and yet under the present laws one-half that population are frequently in a condition of famine, One of the results of this bill will be to re- Tieve the world of the unending appeals of Treland for churity—for food. It will relieve the Irish people in this and other countries of the world of the necessity of sending money to Ireland to pay the rents demanded as tho price of existence. It will relieve ¢hildren and kindred in this country of the perpetual contribution of their hard-earned earnings to pay the passage-money of fathers, mothers, sisters, brothers, and cousins to this country. - It will release Ireland from the reproach of living on the world's charity. When Ireland shall be thus emancipated, thus recognized as within the pale of human- ity and civilization: when she, under free Jand laws, shali be at peace and growmg in prosper there will be many of her sons who in this and other countries have aceumu- lated wealth who will find their way back to the uld land of their youth, and to the graves of their kindred, and there in the new and rezenerated Ireland spend their days con- tributing of their own accumulations to the general prosperity, This moral, so¢ in Ireland—the grand, stantial means of which are presented by this Land bill—will prove, therefore, not beneficial to lreland, but will relieve land of the infimy which has mnde the rish a nation of paupers, dependent on the humanity, and charity, and hospitality of foreion nations. 1t will be a blessing to the wmillions of Irish people in this country. It will, in fact, bie as great a stride inthe marah of civilization and humanity as was the emancipation of tha landless peasantry ot France, and the removal ot the chains from the millions of American slaves. It will be 1, and political revolution a measure which the whole world will honor and applaus THE BREAX-UP OF WINIER. “T'here are sigus that the Jong, tedious win- ter is breaking up. The sun is mounting higiher, warniing the air slowly but surely, taking off the snow, and leaviug in its place a coating of wud which is tolerabie, us it forebodes the approach of spring. It ever there was a season that closed with universal gratitude and congratulation, it is the winter which has been with us so long and stuck ta us so closely. There is no-reminiscence of it that is cheerful. It has almost bankrupt- ed the domestic exchequer with Its demands It has bred new and numerous dis- eases in addition to those that are usually prevalent. It has well-nigh exhausted the physical man with its long-continued cold, storms, and Dblizzards. It has run up coal bills, ‘meat bills, and flour bills to the lhighest notch ever reached in the social thermometer. It has made building fmpossible, so that hundreds of new struet- ures. will be temporarily abandoned, since they cannot be finished in timé for theannual rentals. It set in on the 10th of last No- vemuer and has lasted for five months, or 150 , of almost meessant cold, ice, and suo! Yesterday gave us the first sizns of the break- up, and the warm suan did more in one day to carry off the snow, meltthe ice, dry up the | to the Boers, and, he may for the moment mud, and give us a glhmpse of terra firma than Carter Ilarrison has done in the past weeks with all the appropriations and his brigades of shovelers. ‘The terrible grip which has held Lake Michigan insolid bands of ice and still holds it, which has paralyzed every railvoad in this section of the country, and held man and bedkt at its mere; Tast relaxing. ‘The record of the winter, the world over, has been a horrible one, and whatever may be the cause,—whether it is due to Mother Shipton’s prophecies, or to sun spots, or to planetary disturbances, or to the change in the Siznal Service, progress has been signalized by merciless disasters. In the Northwest, railroad travel has been inter- rupted as it never was before, and the tele- graph lines have been prostrated in all directions. The Atlantic has been swept by terrible gales causing fearful disasters, The floods since the middle of February have literally been on the rampage. The Signal Service Monthly Revicw shows immense destruction by them. Therise of the Uma- tillaand Columbia Riversin Oregon destroyed wore than half a million dolars’ wortn of vroperty. ~Mining towns in California were washed away, The overflow of Lake Pontchartrain rendered thousands of people homeless in New Orlenns. The rise of the Ohio entailed imwense destruction. St. Louis, Cineiunati, "Toledo, Philadelphia, and Washington have all suffered from inun- | dations. During the past week the Plutte und Missouri have been sweepinug everything before them, and the danger is not yet overigy as heavy rains are prevailing in those sec- tions. The Old World has not been spared. England, France, Germnany, and Ilungary have been exposed to unusual inundations. At the present time the fairest portions of Spain, in the valley of the Gurdalquliver, inctuding Seville, Malaga, and Madrid, are exposed to fearful ravares by flood, and the City of Szegedin, in Hungary, which had such a fearful experience last summer, js now in danger of another visitation. Contemporane- ous with thefloods, earthquakes have swelled the lists of disaster, the most dreadful beiug those in the beautiful islands of Ischia and Chio, the former destroying 200 and the lat- ter more than 5,000lives. Suow-slides in our own Western country and avalanches in the Alvs have swept off hundreds of people. Every foree of Nature seems to have been exerted to fatal extremes, as concomitants of this deadful winter, and have swelled the penceful, and sub- | n i stock of vitality | serve their purpose. ! bas tha rizht to be a nobleman, provided he o8}, their fives by fire, 165 by explosions, 60 by snow-slides, 152 by wreck, and to these the railroads add a death-record of 206, although no great disaster has occurred- upon auy-‘of our roads. - To such a winter as this, with so fatal a list of casualties, with all its suffer- e and discomfort, worn-out humanity will cheerfully say good-by, and hiope that the re- maining seasons of the year will be more mereiful and endurable. SOMNAMBULISTIC CRIME. Dr. William A. Hammond, one of the most eminent physicians and medical authorities in New York, is creating a profound sensn- tion in that city with his lectures upon hypnotism, another name for old-fashioned meswerism. The Doctor himself somewhat uneuphonically styles it **syzziznoscism,” which, translated, means the agreeing of one wind with another mind. The lectures are accompanied with practical illustrations, the details of which are given elsewhere. The condition, acéording to Dr. Ilammond, is one of automatism in which the subject performs acts without his own consciousness, and he claims that two males and four females out of. every ten are sub- jeets ot the condition. The subject whom Dr. Iammond controlled, for in- stance, went through all the phases of com- mitting a murder, a robbery, and a forgery, as systematieally and as cunningly as if he had been engaged In the actual operation. According to the theory ot Dr. Beard, who regarded as an authority on this subject, there is o suspension of the functions of the median tract of the brain and an acceleration of the activity of the lateral tracts in mesmeric trance. *“ The volition of the subject of the experiment is thus held in abeyance, und he either sits motion- less in a vacant and stupid Sluwmber, or uets upon ‘the suggestion of a second person and apparently under his control.” Dr. Hamuond’s explanation of the condition differs somewhat from Dr. Beard’s, but both agree that no mysterious agency is trans- mitted froi the operator’s -person to that of the subject, and that the idea of a preternat- ural control is also crroneous. Ile does not agree, however, with Dr. Beard as to the sus- pension of functions in the median tract of the brain, but believes rather that the func- tion is perverted, which was the view inken by Dr. Carpenter, the great physiologist. One application ot the condition which has a practical interest was mentloned by Dr. Ilammond, and we take the following from the New York Times’ report of the lecture beaving upon 1tz The nzcucy of shock In producing this ex- truordinary coudition of the nervous svstem is, according to Dr. Buard, a3 treguent in man us ic 1 in the interior anlmals, aud bo_attributes the blunders olten committed by experienced of- fielnls under circumstances of sudden peril to the supervention of trance. This is his explana- tiun of the Jfohawk disaster several years o, und hie would Similarly exolain the Stosington und other ternble eoliisfons. Ife asserts that tho statements of passengers end olicers in such cnsed must always be received with great eaus tion, owlog to the fact that the liability to the terrac-tranceunder circumstances of fatal isus o presumption nzuinst the aceu- s, Itisnotr that the witnesses ¥ the facts or perjure themselve: bt that they were not at the mwoment in a_con dition 10 observe with aceuracy. With mesmer- s as 3 parlor entertainment, fixedness of at- Tention 15 the principal fictor, and, dismissh the animal mugnetisin hypothesis as_entir untenuble, condition 15 purely_subjective bath In cetsstion and phenomeny. 5 stitlon of some ural energ: trom the operator beine abandone abjection to a hypnotic craze,unle: are detrimental 10 bealth. Whatever may be the causes of the condi- tion, there is nothing new in the manifesta- uey of the s menn o fulsi its practices tions. They have been produced ever since the days of Mesmer, though Dr. Hammond them to & somewhat dangerous limit. fangled * Sygzizuoscism ™ can be 9 easy commission of somnambu- ic crime, tuere is the danger that * Sygziz- s,” if that be the right word, may become aliogetier too numerous, and that we may tind it cropping out in the courts as at, however, the craze in New in its manifestations and nothing more alarming to society than the spectacle of sygziznocising and | dignified ladies and gentlemen playing ma. bles and hunt the thimble, runningaboutonall fours, weeping over imaginary sore fingers, skipping ropes nud dancing jigs, and other- | wise sportively comporting themselves at the will of the amatenr sygziznociser. As it has become the new fashion in New York, it will probably soon be ull the rage here. Tue great Tory leader, Lord Beaconsfieid, does not seem to rocover from his serious ill- ness. Oneday he is reported a little better, but the next worse, and at the end of a week his strenzth has largely diminished, and his becoming small. W ever may be the immediate result of his sick~ ness, it is generally aceepied in England that his political leadership is closed. Who is to sueceed him? Lord Cairns, the dispatches say, has been bidding for the succession by a | farlous attack on the Gladstone concession e s old, but heis very able, and invariably knows what he is talk- ing about, which will to the Tories be a nov- chyin a leader, as they have not seen it | since Peel deserted them. Commenting on i, tie Nation observes: The abjection to Lord Cairns, that he i3 af hunible origin, which some of the correspondents say Is likely to have weight with the Tories, 1S au absurd one. His birth is not so humble #s Disrucli's or Lord -Eldon's: In fact, the Tories buve abways been more tolerant of the defects in oririn or social standing of their chiefs than tho Whigs have ever been. The probabilities Are now that they will drift on with such mild rule as they zet from Sir Statford Northcote in s, and such masterly defenses of orier s Lord Cairns can supply uatil the rel tug of war comes in tho sbape of a Liberal nttempt tomake the three borough and county franchise,whic) would rive votesto the agriculturatiaborers: and, & Shough last not Chu It _is over these that the great historic parties of English politics will probubly fight their last ight; for it is not likely that thie Cu Servutive party ns now organized would surv! the defeat in which the fight 15 pretty surc to resuit.Tho chonge In the lend laws und the en franchisement of agricultural laborers would deprive what Is pow called tho ** tlanded: interest ” of its remaining influcuce in politics, and would pronbly cause the rapld diswppenr: ance of the Squires from the fousc of Cowmons, mcnace thoprivilegea of the House of Lords, and would, there UME reason to fear, convert: the Tory magnutes Into secluded pessim of the type of tha French Legitimists. mourning in the clubs and odntry-seats over the ruin ot thoir nation, and discovoring every day freat prools of Rauticnl wickedness. In tuis fiual strwgrle, however, it Is not Hiely that Mr. Glad- stone will live to take part. Its burden will come on younser men, onwhose_ fmaginntor, the Englind created by tho great Whig Revolus ton has less hold. Moxsierr Larocue-Jousenris a mem. ber of the French Chamber of Deputles, and 1y polities reactionurs and a Donspartist. I size he Is someshat Hike our own David Dav witbout possessing bis legat acuraen. 1t it ba been left to bim to fovent powder and nitrg, glycerine the Czar Alexander would, perbap: be living to-day. reformer. A short timeago he introduced 3 bill wiueh, as he intends, shall opeu all the ave- nues and give opportunity to all those why desire to Join tho nobitity. * M. Laroc Joubert thinks that evers Frenchmun pay for his title. He therefore proposes thic every citizen of France who I3 already n Duk?, and those who want to become stch, shall by 10,000 francs annually for the privilege; aiy Marquis and all desiring to foin that rank shijt Pay 5,000 francs unnually; the title of Count X offers in his bill for4,000 francs, and the tiis of Daron he proposes to sell at 2,000 fruns, woile the simple “de” be offers fur the paltry sumn of 2(%0 franes per Annouwy. The two or three hundred millions whick woud enient defense for all sorts of erimi- | which are now looming in the 7 +form in the land laws: the n3simi- % 3 ficiul organ of the Sociatists 1a the Socluldenis ablishment of the ] - Nevertheless, he i3 a zreS | sitiSa to fnvalidate dristocratic snobbery ang noblity bus ever been made, and it s & very singalur fact that Lurocte-Joubert's own parsy assciates, the Bonupartists, whoalweys favoreq - a prdfuse distribution of noble tities, and als the nembers of the Left. do not 100k upon hiy proyosition with mucn favor. It a title of noljlits could be purchused in the French Re. puEiic for 1 constderation, the value atfached to it would cease to exist. American Mu's peeg notzuny longer worry their souls 0 marry thejy Chi7ks to broken:down French Counts: Pa coulg be i Duke himself by moving 1o France ang pay,ng the pultry sum,of 10,00 franes unnually forzhe privilege. pismarck’s Yournalisiie Advisers, 1Or years Chancellor Bismarck has com. playoed that it was almost impossible £or big 1 fin7 proper muaterial out of which to form bly" cotyldential co-workers. ‘I'his compluint op hig paie may be well founded in fact. There arg bufew of the Prussian Ministers with whop hengrees on mosi of the fmportant State ques. teis and subjects; awony the diplomatic dignf. tuies In the forelzu servico there ure only Hcenlohe, Hutzfeld, Keudell, Prince Rey whky enjoy his eatire contidence. The eXiating “ugpleasantness” betweon the Iron Princs ang Cont Harry von Arnlm bus demonstrrateq Pluinly enough with what dangers the intriguey of§liplomutlc oflicers can surround the Chap. ccior when. these dignitaries make commoy cagse with the Court-Camarilla, whiey i3 hostllo to the Chancellor’s. peliey, Wiyocan blame hia when. with 31l the power asl intluence at his disposition, he opposes hig ctémies and crushes them merellesly, in order tcTiastain himself and tho work which he hyg Liilt up with iron bands,und cemented wity stieams of blood? Canwe find fuult with him wienhe disposes of Minister Eulenberg, who réfused to enter upon his Ideas and plansy Would the unity of Germany ever haro beeg afuived if he bad first Ustened to or been in. thienced by the opinlons of each one of hig Cijicfs of Bureau? Therefore his rute ang nItto bas been for years, * Wherever you findn sipontulof bralns, keepit; keep it if you can.” Wheaever necessury, he has disregarded Li—in the Prusstan service—time-honored pilnclple of promoting slowly, step by s the hoary-headed old publie fiinctionaies, thus preventizg the occupancy of tha most important clvil positions by men full of old-fashioned notions and crack-braineq picjudices. During tho prevalence of that old s¥stemof promotion Bismarck. had tco often ap:d 100 well founded cause for complaining, tiiat the dislike, the passive resistance, aud wnt of guick perception of many of his snb- ajterns annoyed him greatly and werea draw- Kick upon the intelfigent dischargo of g dfufes. And now, among otner fformation, tie cable brings us the news that ho bus ap- Folnted Dr. Moritz Busch to tho position of der-Secretary of the Foreign Office. Dr. Tiaseh is the author of the book, “ Bismarck £ His People in France,” which ereated such s reat sensation in all diplomatic circles and riised him from comparative obscurity to dis- tjiction zud fame. During the Franeo- Zorman War Busch was onc of the tiost devoted and reliable co-warkers of the CUnancellur, and his appointment over the heads G o qumber of ancieat dixnitaries cannot'de ondered at, when we conslder the determina- n of Bismarek to surrouud himself with men £’ whom he can place implicit relisnce. Until ashort time ago Dr. Busch edited the #;renzboten, u which be published many sharp i{ad pointed articles in defense of Bismarck, his yolicy and - positlon. Althoush these articles ere the products of his trenchant pen, Bls- iwarck undoubtedly ivsplred them. As fnths e of Lothar Bucher, his private secretary, £ i ST T Hismarck has taken and apoointed his sccond iiitlmate co-worker from the journalistic ranks, o doubt the Berolinian pupers, with the grenter yartof which Dismarck is at present, ln conse- suence of his National-Economy - policy, € fogirerheads, will make a great rumpus over e Chancellor's *self-willed Indiscretion,” as 1ney did at the time when Dr. Busch published g o boolk which - zave him name and fame. To American journalism It is immaterial who isap- jwinted Under Secretary of the Foroign Offica uf the German Ewpire, but undoubtedly Amer- § izun Journalists will rejoico over the fact thars iytan bas been pluced in such o hixh and re- onsible position, who for many yeas wass iaember of thoir cruft in the United States. The wuny experiences which Dr. Lusel bas gathered Twrinz an eventful journzlistic career ‘n our { Zountry will be of no sma'l importance to his | Friend und protector,—tho fron Prince. - icotelien of German So= clalinta. The Sceialistic emissaries Fritsche and 3 i, Who are at present on a visitto the inited States for the purpose of soliciting Tunds from thelr political fotlowers to be used ‘in the coming election for members of the Ger- inan Reichstaz, ure both—setting aslde their pes culiar views and notions—very affable and well- atiemen. They have nothing i mmon with men ke the bragrndocio and Soclulist Justus Schwab of New York, Joban - £ -Most, now in prison at London, and Hasselmann, £ 0o I8 now iiving {n New Yorf, Mr. Viereck Jenounces this Haseelmann In plain and unre- aerved language. Afrer the death of Lassalle, “Hasselmana took the leadership of that portion * of his adheronts who only recognized as luboress “those who by the sweat of thelr brows gain an existence. ir. Hasselmann always treated ‘tho other lemders of -the party with sovercign contempt. His ranting speech i the Refchstaz, whick was cabled to Americant the time, guve ¢ the German authorities sullicient cause upon { which to base their order declaring soveral cities to be in astate of siege. Hasselmaon bas founded muny papers, but he abused bisova _purty zod lost his subscribers. Before he feft | Germany ho was guilty of many swindles; be - even swindled his poor landlady. Fifs nddress 2 wad never known except tos few of his ltie mate friends. He always led the life of areoe tile. The Congress of Socialists hekd at Zarick, Switzerland, last year, ejected him und Mostfpm the party. They would have been ejectedsocset j but that Congzress meets only once o three yeurs. Suchis the picture Mr. Viercek drawd of Hasselmunn: and Justus Schwab in Se# i York, and Moat in London, arc, if anyibiod worse. Of the other Socinlistle representasivesin the German Reichstag, Mr. Viereci speaks very kindly. Mr. Bebel represents the Districtof the { City of Dresden, Saxony. He is aa excellent | business-mau, and bas founded, in connection g . with some capitulists, an extensive factory £0 ! the manuucture of door locks and xnobs. He ! is making woney. Lieb-Knecht, who represents the District of Stolberg, 13 the lending journalist of the patty He writes for several papers, The chief and of Mr. Viereck’s e e O Irat, which appears fn Zurich. Attorney-at-law Freitag represents the S clalists §n the Assembly of Saxony. He s oneof the est Jursts of Leivzig, where he has aneX tenalve criminal practice. In 18w he defended 4 Bebel and Liebknecht ugulnst tho charges of the. £ Governwent. r. Auer, the representative of the Glauchas & Melrane District, {3 one of the founders of purty. He is also an excellent journalist, end 4 self-made mun. By profession e g u saddlor Hasenclever represents Breslau in the Germas Refobstag. He was ut one time President of o8 % A e R S AT e Fhitocs German Laborers’ Union; ut preseat he 4% Journalist, ; Max Kalser s the representative from Feel berg, in Snxony. He has o cizur store fo Dre> den which puys him well. Ho was brought 1 in the mercuntlle business, and by readlog 534 studying he has ulso acquired the name of 8 g00d Journalist. g William Hartman represented tho City of Humburg In the German Keichstag. Hold shoemaker by trade, and owned o hotel a8 1 time be was expelled from the countrs. Philip Weimer represents the Tweaty-5ecosd District of Sazony. He is n locksmith by tridh and at present the owner of 1 pentolder factod. in Chemnltz, £ Accordiug to Mr. Viercek's viows. tho b . Socialistic nuthoress of the present day I3 I Minnle Kantzky, wite of a sconlc puinter 182, { Vienna theatre. Her novels appear chiefly the Neuc Helt. They aro zreatiy udmlr!d:' i Germany, aaa also In America, where they Ba% | been reprintcd. Her sonis also an excel writer, He wrote an essuy about Irelznd 2 { which he predicted the agrarian troublesl0sf ¢ | before they oceurrd. e Julius Vanlreict §5_nnother of tho Soctillst? leaders. He founded, with Ferdinand Lassaié tho German Arbeiterbund, Vaicelch, Fritscdt and Dr. Dammer were - the Committee to orm: 1ze the soclety when Lusslie issucd his bruted open lctier. Vuhlteich Is u shoef §i E