Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 12, 1881, Page 11

ANERICAN PARTIE yviow of Thoir Birth, Growth, and azo Decay, mtho Adminiatration of Washington Hs to That of Garfleld. qbe Leading Polllical Isstos Since tho Founda. tion of Our Gavernment, logios of the Partios of the Pros- Genesee ent Day. Motho Editor of Tho Catcaga Tribune. osanda, Til, March 10.—John Stuart MIM anya: none of tho most disputed questions, both in litigal eclonco and In practical statesmanship, arinis particular period, relates to the proper oalts of tho functlonsand agonoy of govern- eot.""—" Political Economy,” Book V. Mijuber adirms: "L bolleve that there novor asleted a freo country: actlyely doveluping with- fh its bosom constitutional law, and fooling deepir interested in the problems of right. and nbito justice, 1n Which thore woro not parties." Pi Political Ethics," Book V., Chap. 2 heaton cuunciates this prublom: “ In clect- fre Governments the choico of the chief or oiber magistrates ought to be freely mado in Qe manner preseribed by tho Constitution,”"— syoternational Law,” Part 11., Chap, 2, Jeremy Bentham defonds this dogma: * Gov- gpment approachos to porfection ip proportion asthe sacritice 18 less and tho acquisition more.” «gheory of Legislation,” Part 1. Arnold boldly repoats: * Thore should be an appeal to 1 0 people from the sentenco of overy Pagistrate."—" History of tome," Chap, 1, Bir Henry Hallam romarks of England's emergency: “It 1s manifest that euch a dog. rine 4s Irroconellable with tho faterest of any party out of power, whoso best hopo to regain {t iscommonls by propassessing thio nation with a tad opinion of their advorsuries.!'—" Constitu- ional History," Chop. 15, Oleera suminarizes thus: “Avold violonco among tho peuple. Let tho greatust authority havo tbe growtest weight In decialons. If any oneshall disturb publica barmony and fomont quarrels, tot bim be puniabed asa crimi- ml. Toact tha intercessor in casos of offenso should bo considered tho part of u good oltizen." ww" De Legibus,” Book ILL, Aristotle gives vonorablo prestige to thia un- fortanate fact: “Democracies will bo most sub- ject to revolutions, from the dishonesty of thelr demagogs.—"' Politics,” Book V., Chap. 4. 70 BUMMANIZE ALL THESE AUTHORITIES, the raciilation of political partics in this Nation {stro to tho law of cnugo and affect. No nation {amature at birth, and obango, often ravaltition- wy, must attend growth, Tho cobesion of 4 common peril, interest, and protec. tion unltied tha Colonics fn the perlod of tho Revolution and tho Confederation. Not so tho Constitution period which has since followed. Stich an Instrument, in the oyosa of ail, boing binding and porpetual, would sooner orlater expuse Ita vulnerable points. Yet the construction put upon our Constitution has toado it cupable of ail degrees of clastiolty, from tamo volinoss to rield plenitude. The ine stument itself belng unaccountable, tho respon- ubiity of construction has fuilen upon the party andperéons !n authority under it. This rule, continued further, effininates party, and lonyor chlef officials nakedly responsible to tho peaplo. For foes do not so much alm at reoubts and breastworks a8 at their dcfendors within tho fortresses, WASHINGTON'S ADMINISTRATION, 1, 8o long as Washington could be retained as Chief Magistrate, no man dared appear as 1 fils was the prestige of a common vic- tory, and loyalty to him was patriotic loyalty to the exponeut of freedom. Tho dominance of party was a Inter davice. Even when tho Father of bis Cduntry sought retiremont, at tho end of Me eccond term, Washington's political friend mmust needs succeed tlm, JOUN ADAMS’ ADMINISTRATION, % In tho Conatltutional Convention of 1787 0 rery powerful party acose, whieh ctamored for a Mroug central Goverpinent, suporior to uny and athe States, They regarded tho Union as in- parable, and the Nation as a radival unity, ‘They were tormed Federalists. Thotrleadors wero Washington, Adains, Hawllton, Jay, Marsbatl, andothora, They were tha champions of tho Unjontorover. At the samo time anothor pow- etal party took form, advocating oxtremo Vows of Stato-sovercignty, and manifesting Buch distrust aguinstn strong central Govern- ment, They regarded tha Confederation of Gates ns lvose, and voluntary, and dlssoluble. fome of the lurge Stutes favorod thls view, bo- cause, in the ffnal compromises of the constitu- onal framers, tho composition of the Senrto lett their power therein only equal to the smull- erbtutes; whilo sumo of tie smaller States In- cineg to tho doctrine of Btate-sovoreignty, Mace by tho sutno instrument the composition of tho Huuse did nut give them equal power with the taryo States. Tho party’ of Btnte- wrerclunty of 17 were called Republicans, fome of its outed lenders were Jefferson, Mat fon, Sonroo, Burr, Clinton, and Gallatin. Though this party hud its many voturles, yet, in Qe smooth, Pipsporous, and aye. ‘blob followed thy birth of the Nation, the peo- dle wore too happy to court a change from tho ‘ews of Washiugton; and bence, In choosing Ustuccessor, thoy selected bis friond Adams by il vutes, white Jetferson, bis Hepublican an- Ugonist. bud, but u3 votes. In thoso days, towover, tho constitutional modo of votlag five to the vandidate with tho largest number of Electural votes tho Presidency, und to his next highest coinpotitor tho V.cc-Presidonoy, This, thon, became Jelferson's allico. = Durug tho revolutions tn Europe imme- diately subsequent to this election, tho Fedoral- Ste Inclined to sympathize with England, und Qe Repubiicans with France. When Jenat, tho hinister from "ho now Republic of Franco, ap- peared, the Republicans of the Onited States re- Gived bin with tavor, and oucouraged biin, contrary to tho law of nations, fu Uttlng out pri. ‘aleering vessels on our coust igavnst Enel . dent was ubnoxious, and Washington requested Im recalled home. ‘Theroupan bitter party Utife arose, Republicans acoused Federultsts Stiympathy with our old Saoth Koglund, and of monurehteal tendoncles; and Waahingtan, of $ camo ln tora shure of persnnnl abuse. 0 the other hand, the Fedoralists charged tha Republicans with a sympathy, for Robespierro t the bivady Hovolutiou in Frunce, Meantime Agland was arbitrary and ineulting in a per- Edence of tho rut of search, and our country on the vergo of a new war with bor, whon concluded ble trowty. Its provisions wero Diprinted and circtlal by the Republicans, 4nd charged up ta Washington and the Fedoral iy, wollo Juy was burned in elllgy, Added to this, tho “now Incumbent, Adama, hoe {ite personally unpopulur becuse of certain vie Ho wus a sirong advocate of 8. ee a by which tho President could ¥ le any foreiyucr who in bis judg. tat wis dangerous to the peace and liborty ggbe Nation, Ho was also a champion of tho ition Jaw, by Which fiuos and linprisonments pila be vialted upon any who should writo, Hot or publiah wnything maticlous, false, or dulous uxainat tho Government or the Pres- uals Ou account of thee taws the Republicnns kn y denuunced Adumy, charging bim with wtot avinpathy with oppressed foreigners, wwe the crime of bampering freo speech 15 VEECe Teese, At the onguing clection. tn the lepublicuns were In the toujurity, care a 7S votee for Jetfuraon and Burr, while the By erate woro able ta give Adams only 6 volos, yayogustitutlonil provision the election de- rea upon the House'te sulect trom the tigh- iy Sve candidates whou nelther bud 1 major! ty; detent botng strongly Hopublican, elocted aplEFEMOon's ApsiNisTRation, ph The new President guvo promlso of ondur- davularity, ‘The country yrow amaziugly Ves bis first Administration, Tne entiro Toyttes culled Loulstana, whs purchased, tory euioul Barbary Stutes, with wuch glory ea Nutiou, were humbled. | Of course, Jutter= and tuo “Republican party. were credited At yraus results. "Hence tn 1804 he d tha anurvelous voto of 162, by icderullsts could givo bis cumpetitor, ut 14, afin Wis und isot, Groat Britain by certain deus “ Urdors ln Counay,” aud Napaloan, trey ttn “ Bortin Decrecs,” ‘ropoatediy vio- eat ‘oternauion Ailaw. In aplte of Jay's ro~ Sry oatys Grout Brituln persisted in bor ve, oF Search," so callud,—un Oppressina 80 doug ntcous ay to cull fur vougeunce, ‘The ware a) itned heaviiy from England, and nue ting @4bition fuvored the Hopubllean party ten Mord hostile jdoat of the aueient enemy tre lato. . As waa inuvitebly, the Ropublicans: Tog ecccesttil In 1603, electing Mudiaon by 12: Yapamalle the Federal Vinckuey was a second ee Geleuted, having a pittance of 4 votes. ble eg glut Has thine Bow und made a disraputas ortto corrupt the Nutiog with bribys of ew pn , whew ruptured, to consolidate the Nedep alund Statcs with Canada us a province dec’ Protection of the Crown, The Federal Noah anpeglully wore approucbed. Englund ls reals 0 for éhrowd d-plowacy mingled with fmple nite crate, but fa this Inatance sho wus elely bullied, Though the schema per tear fottno Puderul purty was compelled to Nap, Aum of opposition ta the gathering bei, tthe juscture the clootion ‘of 1812 was ted Mudlion was triumpbautly redlected te etet aud Clinton, the Fedora) coumpeti- th 80 Yotes, wutferud defoat. MADIBON'S ADMINISTRATION, bi, MLopublican Adinlulstration condugted the war to a very honorable Isso: and aguin the Barbury Btatos ror uporoescst and computed to pny indemnity: all of which rallied t Amaciean peapia ta the party fn power, As a Teault, tho Presidential contostot iid give Mon- roo, the Repubttean candidate, 183 votes, aud his opponent, King, bu: oles, - Moxos ANSINIBTRATION. 7, During tho next quidrenntim tho Republle sxathored w burvest of new Suites. Tho rowards of victory and peace poured prosperity Into the Jap of tho Union, The Adumntsteation monopo- Hzed the credit. And at the election of 120 Mon Foo Again went into tho Prosidentialchale. on at Nood-tide unprecedented aiace tho anys of Washtngton, recoiving overy Eleutoral vote envo ong, 8. In 1820, whon Missourl soughtadmisaion Into tho Union, tt orented the frst sectional division {u the conntry, ‘The Bouth demanded that that Territory ho mado a slave State, while the North ais Uriniy demanded that [t be free, ‘This ques Hon of slavery hid already neocssitated com- egeses In the Constitudtannt Convention of 7. All tho winttom of Frunklin, tho states. aanshit of Jetferson, and the patelotism of / Wasblugton wore required to matel the Coustl= tution so that it would bo gecoptablo nike to North and South. fn Art. ©. Seo, 2, Clause if, of that Jnxtruusent, the South secured the advan: tages Of three-tifths rupresontation — for sluves. = The olfset ta this favor, of puyment of direct taxes fu the samo ratio =wos on cipher, slico —tnxation hus seldom been direct. in tho santo Articla, Bec. 0, Clause 1. the South secured another d+ vantage, numols—the {udeteastbiy right to stock thoir Btatos with alavos by tnuans of tha African trado for twenty-one years, or untll 1808, Stl another triumpb, tho South was re- corded In Art. 1V., Sec, 2, Claus d. It was the gonornl and permanont ratification of a Ful: tlye-Blave hw, Lo plonver Abolitionists the unrightcousness of Slavery wns ttrst n conviction. and then tho {dea of tts abolition bygeine a principle. Tho {troduction of Missoftl hecame the occasion for Its agitation. Bitter debates arog, und bite ter animusities were engendered, whieh atill lve, Wersan tad sald, th, 182: Nothing ts more certainly written In tho Book of Fate than that those people are t& be tree. . ss tremble for my country when I reflect that God J9 just; that his Justice cannot sleep forever, The way, T hope, is prepiring, under the au. aplees of fleaven, for x total emnneipation.” hincrott bus this remark of the Pathor of hls Country: “At that thine Washington wes o Kind wid considerate muster of lives. . . By slow degrees the sontiment grew up in bis infnd that to hold men ta bondage was wrong; that Virginia sould proceed to emanclpauog uy Ronoral statute of tho State; that, If sho rot Ged to do 80, exch Individual should act for his own household.” At this erition! juncture (1820) Mr, Clay orwinated n bill, known over after ns tho Missourt Compromise, which permitted Slavery in Missouri, but probivited {¢ torever north of 36 dogs, WW ining. For thirty-three years this wadcrod” burrler checked tha fears ot tho Nortt und the ambition of the South. ‘Thus tho diviafty of Slavery begun to he doubted. The old Federal purty, tong out of power, was. dissolved; Honry Clay cama upon. the public aronn; Liberty was born, and the Cotontzation Bocloty tuok form. ‘The epublica party, Hushed with long yenrs of dominines. were committed against Improvementy ut public ex- pense, such us tho National Jtond nd tho sov- eral trunk cnnals. Out of the effeto Feder Party sprang o new coalition. looking to the rotection uf Americnn industries by tell, ant rlendly to a pauper currency and ‘a Navonul Bank.” It was In sympathy, perhaps, with restralnts upon Sluvery, In 14 thy old Ro- publictn party, now in power twenty-four Yours, wus to suffer ita first defeat, nnd to pro- monitions of its approachiug dissolution. J. Q, Adams ted the conittion, receiving 8 votes, ‘The Republicans wora divided.—Jnekson secure tug 90 votes, Crawford 41, and Cliy ai, From thesn the House must chooso, aud the lut fell on Adam: JOUN QUINCY ADAMS’ ADMINISTRATION. 0. wow clumenta were henceforth todeterinine tho lives of pullticnd parties, A protective tacit was framed ald a storm of opposition, ebiclly from the South; and with the opposition wera mutterings of nulliticatios. ‘The North, a nun. utneturing region, was most benotited us 0 BEC tlon by the ensure. Since, too, Adunis "ne 2 Congressional President with a minority Etect- ont! vole, tho friends of Jackson were bitter against him. The Administration pushed publio fpravement. Party spirit ran very blgn, and the Presidontin! caucus ot 1828 wus extremely warm, Jnoksun, tha hero of New Orlenis, claimed as favorablo ton * moderate tariif," ex: hibited remarkuble strength, Ho loved the Union, and tho old soldlers af two wars wore en- thuslustio for him, The result of the olection Was a voto of 178 for Jucksun and & for Adume, AACKSON'S ADMINISTRATION, 10. Buch wore the strength and positivencss of Jackson that lu acertain seuse the countey With divided Into two parties,—those who parsistently: loved btm, aud those who ns steadily bated bint, His will was Invincible, but his sizucity kept Pace with tho demand. Old [ssuca und ofd pars tus wore now dead, From the ald Kepubdlican party arose a new one, culled the Domvcratly, Whose most prominent dovtrines were Stute- sovereignty, hostility to « National Bonk, and modoration on tho subjectarSiavery.—yeton this point the party alwuys bad a diveraits of views, nay buying an notive acquiescence It {ts Oxe fstonco, On the other hand, framonts of tho old Federal purty und a portionof the old Ree publican party arrayed themselves uuder tho Jenderabip of Clay, with the transition name of National Repubilcans, but subsequently clans. ing tv tho namo of the Whig. party. "Their dog- irines were protective tari, « National Bank, encourngemunt to Nation improvements at public expense, and a slight germ uf hostility to the onorouchments of Stayury. A part of ‘the South were ao tullamed at the protective-taritt Meusires that it threatened disunlon und rebell- fon, Sonth Caroliua in particulur proctulmed nullifeation of tho law, detied tho Nuvion with tho thront of disunion. and proceeded ta the overtact, Intho war of logte and of argutnent. tn the Sounto, Huyne and Calhoun bad already contended ugalnst Webster, and were chastised with logical unnlullation. President Jackson, in the milyat of his ollice and the domtnunce of his will, aroso and proclalised: “The Unlont ft, must and shail bo preserved, by the Eternal! Send for Gen, Scott!" By these prompt utters ances and corresponding ineasures of prepari- on, the threuts of disunion und nullification dled at their birty. Jackson's bold course come pleted his tower of strength; und in IKE the country was enthusitstic for him, and ho was re- olectod by 219 votes, The opposition was di- Yied—Cluy having 49 votes, Floyd MN, and r 11. Juckson was soverely criticised for hia veto of the bill for rechurterimg tuo United States Bank, and for bis during. and perhaps WMexul, romovul of $10,000,000 of Nadonul funds from tho Natioval to State banks, ‘Those acta caused amercuutile patie and much distress. He was uot only viulently condemned by the bualness classes, but coustired by the Senate, Asi tnore populut act, he tuok vrompt and threaten, measures against France to-compel payment of indemnity for injuries to our sblpplog in Na- poleon's wars. Juukson’s Inst officlul act was ox- trome in fivor of Hurd money and Btate banks, and mado bli many contirmed enemios. Ho culmmanded Coltectors of Revenues to reeelvo only gold and silver. No cumber of petluona or delegations could chine him, During wuch Hunnetal revulsion, but with httle change in the party-isaucs of tho lust Quadrenniun, tho aleve Han uf 186 camo on. Van Buren, the Deiwo- oratle vand{dute, reeelyed 150 votes, Harrison, his Whir rival, had White, 26; Webstor, 14; aud Munguta, 11; total opposition, 124, VAN BURES'S ADMINISTRATION. 12, Van Buren wis tho victlin of much parti- san cunsure, Ho uimed to plenye party, though the country was ruckod tn u crisis, Tho political barometer hud long prognurticated a thoanehel storm, and now it burstwih ungovernuble fury. Bunks contracted and exploded, busingss men faflod, property declined, and conildence was destroyed, Aa tho result or Jackson's circular, fol and stiver wont mto the United states fronsury; aud importers frum England, piy- tug tur goods ta xold, must, becuse of tho dooiluc, well at uw ruiuous discount. The Sub-Treusuey bill was very unpopular A few months before, wild spesulunon bad crazed men; and this wis the reaction. These Nnanelal ditteuities transtorred atrength to the opposition, aud in 1G Democrats poloy was rejouted, Harrison tho hero of 'Tippocunve, re- celvod from tha Republican Whirs 2u4 votes, which Yau Buren socured baroly sixty, MARRISON'S AND TYLEN'S ADDIINISTRA- ‘TIONS, 18, Harrison, on the topmost wayo of public favor utter oho short month. died; and Vico. President Tylor bevaino his successor, Hlocted aed Wolg, Ho chanyod politics in olfice. Hu toa froely used tho veto power, twice defoatiog by this tinusual rosurt tho bill to revatublish a United Stutes Bunk, though passed us a Whig mensure. ‘Tyler was bitterly denounced a4 a trator to bls party, Important events trans- ee during tis Presidency: ‘The Nortuenat, boundary was detined, wad a partot Maine was euded to Cunnda, Au alteration was mudo ‘un tho tari, by ‘which it was made protece tive; and there camo a proposition = [rom Yoxua to enter our Union. asa slave Btate, But tyier, with a inarked deflelency whieb pleused noither frlond nor fue, vetoed all b portunities, Consequently bo was not by any party us nia own successor, though bis action in olfice bad essentially cous founded his Whig supporters, In 1814 tho ab. sorbing question Of purty jusue wus reduced to one puint: the wumexation of ‘Vexusas a Bay Btato, Vho Democrats favored this measure: tho Whigs opposed it. Texas would udd ta ims monay scope to éluve territory, and thureby exe tund slave power, Yet, ‘in the campaign discussions, this intention was wvulded by ity friends; but, ingtoad, they kept praminont the” glory of enlarging te bublic domain. Tho canvass wig warn, but tho Doincoruts elected Potk Ly 170 voted; the South purtoularly favored haw. Clay, bis Whig oom. putltor, secured Wo yates; wolle Uiracy, the cundidato of tho Liberty purty, futled to secure one Electoral vote, but draw wwiy enough voters from the Whigs to defeut that purty. POLK'S ADMINISTRATION, 14. On gooouut of tho preatige of Polk's eleo- ton, ‘Texas wus ancexed throu days bufure bis Inauguration. As was anticipated, (hig weasure. {notted wur wito Moxico, which becwine tho vce casion of continuous victory and much glury to bur urns. Atthe mime tuiu, by tho elorts of Gen. Fromont, Califoroti, destined ty be tamauy, providenthilly tell tate our twids. ‘Thesa Nas Uonul successes popularized tho Aduiunistration, Texus became u stave Bute, thus far the Bou secured the advantage, Tho North was proportionately alarmod. | Wilmot tntruduced a it into Congress, which wus subsequently kulown aa tuo Wilmot Proviso, propoulug tat cs 1 HE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, MARCH, 12, I88I—SIXTEEN PAGES 1. Blavory should bo prohibited in atl territory that infuht be acquired by tronty, Though tho Wil ralled, yet thy man and bis tneasure became the gurm of a new party, called tho Free soll party, whose AntLSlavers view was not unlike Uatof tha modorn Kepubliean party. In the Slection of TKS Ihren parties presented candle fates. Taylor was offered by the Whigs, Casa by the Democrats, and Van Buren by thy oll bib orty party, whlch, being opposed 10 the exten- sion of Slavery. was now toruied tho Free Botlera, Personal and tnilitar y popularity aid tnuch for Taytor, and he was elected by 103 votes, Cass had 17, and Vin Turon none, though he polled a large popular yotu, TAYLON'S AND FINLMOMLS ADSINISTILA TIONS, Ih. Payldr'n decease nt tho end of fifteen months brought. Vi} Preaklont Fillmore to the Chale, ‘Tho tioat protravtod session of Congress hitherto known waa held in 18 and 18, and tho hava nyltat lng wid burning questions were hefora it, Party tines were einlilly trawn, and those great questions wero rapidly ndjustin: Sn.o party lasties, Critical events threutened tho very Uaton, and much concession was mado ly soter men to curb the extremists of both porties, othurwise this noble Unlon of States might huve been rent asunder, ‘The extension of Slavery was the one overshudowing question; and California's apptioation for admission une eovered 1 whole mxgnsine of sectional discord, The groat Webster and tho eloquent Coy eame forwned as pactticntors. In 1k Clay's “Omul- bus Dill" was iitroducod us n solution and tem. porary compromise, It Weovided Chat Gullla: my should bo n free State; that Unih and New M feo should be organized without expression e corning Slavery: that Texas should hive $= 0,00) to relingtisp hor torriterin} pretensions to New Moxico; iat tho siivestrado whould couse In the District of Coluinblay and that a stringent Fineltive-Sinve tw shoul be enactod. ‘This bill was substantially passed tn insta monta, But tho Itst clause was very obno: lous to the North. Tho South nceused tho North of — clundestinely splitting away sluves Canada on underground railroads, = Nover beforo was the Union in ouch dlanyer. ‘The entire summer was cone sumed in tho discussion of Clay’s “Omnibus DIU: toatly tt was pissod ns the Just and erownlng ichlovement of the compromisin: Clay. Mennuime, certain inen tn tho Interest 0! (ho alave ollgareny, despalring of the extension of Slavery 1 lemal channels, frumed designs for the capture of Cuba. Great Britain viewed tho achomo with Jealousy, und propesod that: by it tnpartite treaty Jnylund, France, and tho United States shold guarantee Cuba's pisses sion to Spain. But the Secretary of State, Everett, rebuked Brittin with nw signiticant referonee to tho Monroe doctrine, denying tie right of Europe to interfere on questions purely Atmerlean, But che movement further agitated the North. At the election of 1852 both Whirs: and Democrats declared loyalty to tho’ Omnibus bu” whilo tho Free-Solurs denuuneed it. Many Northern voters ignored party, and, fenr~ Ing the disitnlon throats of the South, eafoted Slavery dn thelr votes. ‘The result wis tha election of the Democratic nom nee, Pier 231 votes. Seott, the Whig candidate, had 42, and Hale, the Free-Suiler, nono. PIENCH’S ADMINISTRATION, 16. Mr. Clay's Dill pruduced only alull inthe Slavery-agitauon, When Kuugus and Nebraskit wore Uo be 01 zetl us Territories, tho Kansis- Nebraska bl of Mr. Douglas caused in more violent storm than any before tt. Tho bill, delng & virgin Fepuilla tia of the Missouri Compromiso of 18), produced, tha bitterest feeling | in io South, = With on opro- vision to “o tho settlera free to vote. thelr eholee pon the introduction of Stuvery, i was in Mit nade aluw, On this: and kindred questions Pieree always sided with tho South, It was during tho diacussion of thls ‘DI that Brooks assaulted Sumner with a club in thuSenate. From Congress tha strife went to Kiansas, and became very bloody. Armed omi- grants went ins givil war ensued; rudian bunds controlled tho palts: murders were committad and towns burned. ‘Tho prineiple of leaving do fasuo to the control of tho Territories was termed * Pupnlar sovereignty,” In the North it was bitterly denounced, ‘tho old Whig purty ceased toexist. A new party, comprising ull who op- xed the extension of Slavery, spring ite ex- stence, nnd it was walled the Republican purty. A third purty, called the Native American, bad previonsly sprung up. its cardinal doetring wus, thut Americans must eulo Ameriou.” This party carriod Several State olections In 1&4, At the Prosidential contest of 1458 three candidates Invited sutfrazes. ‘Tho Demoerats, favormy tho reteronce of Slaverysextension to the vote of the new States seeking admission, nominated Buchanan; tho Republicans, opposing the fur- thor oxtenstun of Slavery anywhere, made Fre- mont tholr ktundurd-bearer; while tho American purty noininated Fillmore, The real issue, howe ever, waa Sinvery. After a most elting canvass, into whieh the Com- promleo of , the Fuyitive slave baw, aud tho Kansas troubl Buchanan was clected by br currylng every Southorn State exeept Maryland, which oust her olght votes for Fillmore; while Fremont received 18 votes, all Nerthorn, BUCIANAN’S ADMINISTRATION 1%. During this Adininistration tho im tated Sluvery question was to culminate. (1 1837 the Supreme Court decided in the Dred- Reott case that slaves were not citizens, and could be carried by their masters into any state, frey or sluye, without affecting their vondition. Tho North regarded this as the removal of the last barcler against Slavery and a4 making this hitherto Jocal institution Natlonai, In tho South the declsion was rearded uy the guarin tee of a right under tho Constitation. The Fugitive-Shive law being very obnoxivus to tho North, sovetal States pussed Porsunal Liberty billy, which required n fugitive slave to be tried by Jury, This neuin was oxtremely (rritating to the South, At this juncture, Jono frown, an enthusiust, with u feeble band, seized Murper’s Ferry und proclaimed liberty to nelrbboring sluves. The Nution, In throca and tent, pore mitted Join frown to be promptly hanged by Virginins but, nevertholess, the trenzled Bouth held the entire North responsible for bis action, white tho Nurth generally velloved hii a practical murtyr, ln the election of 1800 four candidates were in the fold, Tho State-soveraignty wing of the De> mocracy nominated” — Breekinrldges the Conservative Democrats brought forward Dome Jas; the Constitutional Union party numed Belts and the Republican party presented Lincola. Slavery was the all-absurbing themo; und tho South gave uotice, if the topublican purty wero successful, that thoy would dismember tho Union, Tho result was the electlon of Iucola by 180 votes, comprising every Northern State oxcept New Jersey, Ureckirldga recoived ts votes, Boll 9, and Doughis only 12. LINCOLN'S ADMINISTRATION, 18, It fs not my province to discuss the War, nor ity cnuses dud roMits, nor the ividoutal abolition of Sluvery as a wur-mensure, except go far ag those questions affect the thread of my thome, ‘tho South. nrocimed,. “cotton ts Kiva.” and expeatod both Engh and France to side with hor because of the cotton interest, Tho North twagined the threat of secession an idlo babble; whlle the Suuth gloriod in her mur talchivalry, and unticlpated, if the Issue should coms, that the North would prove whore of unwarlike cravens, But each section misjudged tie inwardness of tho other. Secession camo; the Routt fired on the Nutional tlug, and war the stantly resnited. Bloody battles raged, the tg- suo wavered, and Kuninelpation was force:d na i necessilons war-incisure, ‘Tho election of ssh found 2.000,00 of soldiers urcayed Tice to face, the South’ for Sacesalon revolution, the North for Union by evercion. Ir '-the North prevalled, tho Union, purged of Stave would be porpetuated. In tha North thoro ox- Isted an anti-war faction, aud still others wore somowhit dixsutistied with tho conduct of the War, The debt bid enlarged to two billton dollars, and ft required $2.10 of papor to buy 1 of gold. Yet, with theso discournuing ap- pearances, Lincoln was reilectod, currylug alt except threy States, receiving 212 votes. Me- Plellun, tho Democratio candidate, commanded tel votes. ‘The South, severed by Bucesslon, did not participate im tho election, JOUNSON'R ADMINISTRATION, 19, It ia not my purpose to portray the full of ehmond, tho surrendor of Lee, the conclialon of the Rebellion, and tha final peace. Every insuy strengthened the Republicans, On tho evening of April 14, 1805, Lineoltt wis assasine ated by a Bouthorn tanutle, and Johnson, the fintedintels’ assumed the Chile, Am a hulf of soldiers quietly dise banded, Johuson, proceeding on the thoory that the seveding Stutes were never outor the Union, issued u proclimution of thelr restoration upo thelr adaption of the Thirteenth Ameudmen be also pardoued nearly all engaged: in the Ht voetlion. Congress, when assembled, tok dee oldod | grounds ngulnet tha course of tho President, clolining thut tho Lezls- lative Department alone — possuescd — the power to restora the seceded States, quarro) of the depurtments led to the passage of several bills over the voto of the President; among which were the Civil Rights, Frevdinen’s Bureau, and Tonure-of-Olllee bills.” pan Juin- son's uttempt to romove Stuuteg trom the Wir Department, iy detinnce of the Tenure-ot-Ottice bik tho President's finpencl it wats voted by it, ithe trial before the Sunaute, hed one vote of th dy manfority,. tient, making repro erty of ballot to ul secon one the seeded States, and all excupt three voted ut the election of 1&4. Thus Deinocratio prluciples had beun waning fora soore of yeurs, while yistory bal exalted Republicantan. Hence, at thid campulyn, Grant wus elected by 2H vatos, wuile Seymour, bla. Demucratio oppo- ont, had 80, GUANT'S ADMINISTRATION, #0. In the tira, your of Grant's Administration the Fiftconth Ainendinent, which guuranteed tho right of Kulfruue to all, Irrospuutive uf race, color or previous condition, was ratiovd. A pouoral umngsty was proclulmed jor thosu ia re- beition, und un ovary sido the bittorness result: dug frow olvil war somowhat abated. England by arbitration wns required to pus $15,600,000 In Cay tor dumeges to our oominorce during the the Hous nr, The waredobt of nearly three bil jong was gradually -reducod aud itq iI torest diminished, “These prosperuus events wero blybly creditable = to th god vigorof the Adminigtration, Mi South was passing throbeh soci, p Onwnelal changes very humiliaiog to the formor slavesowners. By the rosulte of wir they were ruluus losers fr sluves, Confederate bonds, und wurtlal devastution. flelug reduced to paverty, these tasers wero driven with some hope Inia political chuunels tor ublirament, Thoy diss ressod tho freedwon by torror ang statu legia- lation, and as much ds posslble ovuded ther right ot frauchise. In the North,a lurge elu- tavat chargcd the Administretion with exiravay giinee, corruption, and favoritism. The control , Of oUF ponderous’ National debt and our rove enue interests coniprehended sich w witlo fleld that the Opposition cinimed tho discovery of many lewkayes and defects. Bab when thelr charges were brought before the bar of publio franchise, io J8i2. the majority triumphantly repellud the charges, and rluclected Grant by 26 yates. Greeley, tho candidate of the Lieral Democrats, reveived Uh votes, and died bofure tho Electoral Collego mot, Neither O'Conur, “Htralght Wemocrat.” nor sack, the Coerclya Prohibigon, commnnded nn Bleetoral vo! During Graut’s second term palltical develop. inenta continued in tho South. The old sinveholding ~~ element, now usherod Into full power by amnesty, wera plan sways to aucure thor former aupremacy ey nimed to renter the freed- nen an powerless and as near the condition of unpald serfs ve poasible. “The Boutt 1 had inerewse prospalatixe and powor over mute tum thines, sisi begro counted tive-tiths of a eltizen, instead threeslifths, Upon reeelving the new Increment oF power, the Suuth reaalyed te control it at all hazards, ‘The negro was universally Repabllenn, former master introduced Keeret military Tho “Ku-Kite"* operating night and te surveillance over og In various raw that after 174 tho Kouth sent an almose solid representation to Congress eyinpathizing: with ultea Southern views, Northern men ras abling South were ostracieed, The pretext far this wag, thut Northers politicians ening Suuth to sveure power and oflice through texra vot These emberants were called “carpet-Intiger The Adinintsteation was nbsorbed in the mane Agemunt of the tnanees and eredit of tho Nae on. There wis extant ma foumense isane of paper currency bused upon the faith and lit. ssue, of tho country. ‘The bills of this called greenbuck “enrrenay. sto character of Irredvematle due-bitte wl riment. The Administration w ally tu cull ina part, and ultimately to re allinapecie, There trogen formidudle purty, tbackers ar Flitists, whe opposed apeele resumpucn, and tratead frvared av tue Unnited Irredepmable paper money, termed by: its cheniles “lat,” to take the pluce of tho Dank tates, This party so much drew votes from the Repblicans tn tha North in the Congres- eelions as elthar ta erry many ls. nse! or enable thé undivided to carry thom, ‘Fhus tho Congress Z lirecly Democratic. The opposition dragged {ute prominence matcher question, ‘To erente war-funds yeara before Nutlonal bonds of ih fminense amount were Issued, Interest. bearing, und free from State tux. The Demo- gna demanded the taxing of these by the States, and their withuate redemption In trre- decemudle greenbacks. The Republicans, baw- ever, clatined that) tho Nathonal tiith was pledged at a crittenl time to the condition of thulr speete-redensption und thelr non-taxation by tho States; and that anyother interpretation would be repudiation, The Administration was charge with gross extravagance, however, haying « hirge Dppuattiat nnd mule heavy rullroad “fand-granta, 1 Ta ote hated with pa me known 1 Is Nnanetitl ‘ar, una thls terror uni ostracism in the South, the clee: ton of 1878 was held. The Demacrats nanlasted Tillon, who was heraided as a professionnl rofornier; the Republicans presented Haye Anew purty, the Coercive Prombltion party, ig norlyg all potltieat aud nancial lssues, pre sented a platform with a singie plank, tho radl- eal extermination of wicouol in all Its forms, and nominued Green Cluy Smith. The Nation Greenback or Fiat party brought forward old Peter Cooper, A certaln vagueness of the Cons stitution us to the munner of setting disputes thatinay eecur in determiaing tho Blyctoral voto ofa disputed State waa the cause of grave “affferences concerning the yotes of South Caro: Hina, Florida, Louisinm, and Oregon, The breuch threatened violence and clvst wars Lut, in tho spirit of compromise, the decislon was nally left by Congress to a apeentl Conunission of ten Congressmen und five Suprome Judyes, ‘Thw Comtuiasion. byw vote of eleht to seven, neerodited Muyes’ Electors in the disputed Stutes, and pronounced him olected by a vote of 16, | riden: recelved [8t, and Couper wad sinith none, HAYES’ ADMINISTRATION, @. The new President entered upon bis ory delicate duties under a cloud. hampered with the murmur from the Opposition of hla politient (Megitinwey: and this charge was revehoed by an Oppostton Congress, Yot sober inen of ail parties were but too buppy to aceept, this peucenble solution, President Ituyes proffered tho most amicable and cone eiintory tone to tho disutfeet In order to secure at fi cessful, Specie resimpuion was agreed “upon, nd, without Inconvenlence or frictlon, bee et. ‘This eonsumination virtatly dis with tho av mission of the Greenbn party, by proving the opposit of thelr dogmaa true, and hence thelr doctrine mul. Bonds of the Goverament higher than 4 per’ cent were cated In ut munturity. and negotiited at this fower rate, Whilo generat prosperity and pence were extant, the North beenime alarmed ut tho threatened tone of Southern Courressmen, and at their efforts to repeal or modify lewislation previously made to secure tha-resuits of tho War; for they Inclined to ignore Union soldiers, and bestow special honors hoe lute Confeder- ates, Butalirm more than wl was created by the discovery of Various indirect sebemes to publicly reimburse the South for losses during: the War, and for the payment of thelr war-dobt, Added to this, tho Southern billot-box was eluiined to be no longer free, but subject to violent coercion termed “tuilldozing.” | Mean- Ume tho Democrats loudly denotineed * cone trallzacion” and * consoldation,” and further churged the Republicans with using the Govern- mental patronage to. overwhelm State-richts and porpotante Itself; third-termam was no Jesseensurod. ‘The Greenback party, now fes+ pertte inn life without a mission, n= and) genorally coalesced with th erats. As will he conject i, the real ‘of tho cumpulgn of 180 were ‘Southern sUPeINeNt And supremacy, onthe one hands nt tho ather, the ladeement of the Unto in loyal hands, ns well us tute; Lie in regurd to the curroney and the Nutfonaldobt, ‘The sequel was, Ghat a nearly solid Noch. which would have been wholly solid but for the appearance of tho forged Culnese Jetter. met nu solid South,” Gurtield, the Hepublican nominge, reeolved 214 votes; Hancock, tho Democrutic candidate, 15 Wenvyer, tho Greonluick nominee, and Dow, tho Prohinttionist, none. Uniler this arbitramont the Demucratio party displays symptoms of dis- solution, ‘Cline will tell, THE CHANOE OF PARTY NAMES, Tt will bo noted that party unties huye sufored changes constantly, us old iuaues dled and new onea sprung date Life, Other parties, with a faniticn! passion for the old mune, whipping at the dend carcass of tho pust, have aasumed wholly iow issues, but tive nevertholess per- petuutad onthushen for thu old ame in new and fletitious Holds. In purty genealogy the oll Republican party of Jettcrson gradually netted tnto the Demo orntle party of dit ing but one or two plunks, inte the mele ocrutiy party of Tilden. ‘Peruaps but ane dis- Unet issue had survived throughout, namoly, the doginn of BState-saveraigaty, and every other dass bas changed, ko the Kalelduscape, with tho new term of exch quadrenniuin, Agala; tho old Federal party at Washington, Aduing, and Haniiton was gradually absorbed inte the Whig Buriy: of Harrison; and thle in turn, recelving Fresh blood fram tho Froe-soll dogmas of Mirnes, generated intu the modern Ropubliean party of Lincoln, Grant, and Gare Held, Yor the oily two issues surviving through all those yeura of Viciwltude ure the supremiucy of the National ovor Stute Goyerninents, and a Protective Tarh? va. Freo rade. King the most potent cnuge of politiont OF Inartial agitation from the birth of the Navon to Its recent now birth and baptleiw in bloud, che one omnipresent cause is seen to vo Afloat Slavery. It forced orhsinal compromises In the Consultation, bus evor sat tke the mysterious raven of Poo at the chamber-door of the Capl> tolund fually dragged thy maturer Henuully when inte the red tivers of civil war, An Stavory died tts host would not go dow Htee, but tingers abuve growl oo hiv ation with the finpudenee, the madiess, and suertality of a demu, ‘The only power to asattre our perpetuity dre God, tue Constituuon, und the vole of the poople, IN CONCLUSION, our quadrennium etections furtilah and enforca wn education; iW, Bue, and ioral, which cunnot by esthrated, Nor are ita olfects cou dined to our own people and fo the dsappolated candidates whe learn from disappointment, but tho world Itself is studymmy tutently and adnire ity the genius Of one form of wovernment, Fore elgners muy stand ly awe and regard cuch las asthe vory verge of uw nation revalution; but the uxeittng problem ever has ttasafe ana peaces able sonttion in the silent white bullote which tall and erystatilze Into resulth av quictly us sHowiuies that come in the nlzbt te cover and even up the rough oarth, ‘The catlro Americun people spend the three or four months preceding each election in cares ful canvass of the momentous questiona which Faunderiicour itepublic, Licht (6 apread on wings: and knowledge dissuminited; changes nre barine Jealy and allontly wrought at tho buflotebox to harmonize cach age with tho new views of tho Potent mujurity of the sovereign people. Huor. J, 1. Hontsson. SS rhs THE LAST STRUGGLE, vr The Chicago Tribune, Taw a ghastly spectacle last night, Ou the gray edge of dawn, whore stare bad set, Old Ayo and Duith Ike bitter sworn toca met, Aud, band to band, fought out the dreadful tigat, Douth, clathod in all nla majesty and migut, Btood, awful in bls sllone sireagth, and lot Hie Cow (who, lon since done with pleasure, yet, Clung to the poor prize, Lifes in fruuzied trlgut Boat on bis armurod breast and thrust bim "buck With corded hands, whose shriveled Buaroe- tips: Ho gave such pressure thot ho left thom blaok: ‘Then, stooping down, be touched with hls cold Ups Byes that Orst rolled, thon stared, thon sot in ruge. Aug Deuth, tho victor, smiled o'er yanquishod Age. Bubs WHEELER, es * Force: by my political connections Into pub- Ho Nfu, wy) sulter! were iptensitted by tho comments of thoeo who suw tny fare and buad covored witls scrufulous huaior,’ sald & gentler Tay sucontly oured by Culicur Bomoales, ‘MLE COURTS. Beappearance of the Old State Insur- ance Company. A Coal Contract with a Dummy— Judgments and New Suits, THE STATE INSURANCE COMPANY, ‘The petition for review of Tolman & King In the State Insurance Company case came up for for argument yesterday afternoon before Judge Drummond. This was a petl- tion to review the order of Judge Blodgett of July 8, 1850, holding that only the creditors whose claims were on policies made before dan, 12, 1871, wero entitled to the benefit of an agsessinent azalnst the stockholders, ‘The first objection made was that the petition was not fled In tlhe. ‘The Judge, without de- elding that polnt, Intimated that he would like to have some more information than the petition disclosed, why ‘Yolman & King alone of nll the creditors were push- ing the present proceedings, and why the Assiztve did not appear to be interested in the inatter, After sume discussion, the petl- tloners were given wnt) Monday to amend thelr petition, ‘They will set up tint the As- signee, after the declslon of Judge Blodgett fixing the proposed assessment at ty per cent, sent word to Tolan & King and others that he should not take any steps to reverse thut decision, and that the creditors, there- fore, must act for their own Interests, LUE COUNTY COAL CONTRACT. A DIL was filed yesterday tn the Superior Court by Patrick Nolan agalnst Woodrutl & ‘Trunkey Brothers, W. ‘I. Jetinson, ‘Treas ter of Cook Connty, and II. P. Chamberlain, to prevent the payment of about $7,000 to Chamberlain on his coal contract with this county, Complaluant states that shout the ist of January last he aade a contract with A. IT. Woodruff, A. J. Trunkey, and J. LL. ‘Trunkey, trading as Woodrutt & ‘Trankey Brothers, to furnish them 100 ear-loads of soft coat at $4.10 per ton, ‘Chey represented that they had a contract to supply the Poor-HHouse, Insane Asylum, — and the County Jit with coal, ‘and’ they were afraid that their contract would be forfelted If they did not supply coal prompt- ty. und complafnunt states that in making his ferecinent he relied on the fact that he would probably get his inoney direct. from. the county if necessary, He turaished vighty- four car-loads, valued at 33,875, and. yet only recelved $1,000 on aeeount, Te has recently diseavered that the county contract is not with Woodruft & ‘Trinkey Hrothers at all, but with one HP. Chamberiain, ‘The former ore, ns [5 alleged, the only partles Interested,’ Chainberlaln bene merely a o- between, About $7,000 Is stlil due on this coal. contract, and) complainant, fearin, that) Chamberlaln will draw this sunotnt and poy it over to Woodrutl & Trankey Brothers, now asks for an injunction to prevent the County Treas. urer from paying the balance due on this contract, and for an aecounting of the amount due him and a deere compelling the defendants to pay such amount over to him, has ag THE ELEVATED RAILWAY CASE, The arguments on the flnat hearing in the ense of the Morgan Elevated Railway Cam- pany of New York against George M. Poll- man was concluded, Mr. Spencer, on behalf of the complainants, occupied the most of the morning, and was followed by Mr. Alex- ander. ‘The latter also wus elven until the 15th to file written points, Tha Judge, dur- ing the argument, Intimated that lic was with the defendants as far as he had heard the case, but was willing to be convinced, DIVORCES, Paulina Wenge filed a bill yesterday aeainst her husband Ferdinand, usking for a divorce on the ground of his alleged adultery, cruelty, and drunkenness, Sarat C. Coffey also asked fora divorce from Cornelius J. Cottey on the ground of desertion for two years and one day. An 1804, Samuel 1H, Robbins married Sophia Morgan, and Jived with her until 1870, when she deft him, Uo has been faithful to her niemory ten years, but the recollection of her virtues Is somewhat dlinined by tlne, and he thinks he fs entitled to a deeree of dlyorce. Henry Hall nsked for a decree against bis wife Mary, on account of her cruelty, which, on account of her sex, he did not feel at tib- erty to resent, And Aina intfart from Adain Haffart, on account of cruelty, desertion, and adultery, ITEMS. Judge Blodgett will this morning call up for trial without a jury all the passed cases on the calendar. The jury will be dls- charged this morning, A new fury in the District Court will be called some time next month, STATE COURTS. Augusta Allerton, adiministratrix of the estate of Julin Gorhain, deceased, fled allen yesterday against C. 11 Jenwings, admin: trator of the estate of Eli Jennings, decensed, Altra Jennings, Charles H. Jennings, Mary aA. Jenniigs, Surah A, Cannon, WilHau I, Cannon, dennis Mosher, J.T. Grubbs, Alice and Page H, Webber, Jaines Brown, Mary A. Collins, J.C. Lather, trustee, and FOC, Wells and J, P, Wilson, successors in trust, to foreclose x trustlved for $3,500 an Lot 7 in B. W. Thoms? Subdiviston of Lots 12 and. Block 7 in Nockwell’s Addition to Clil- CARO, Joseph Lederer commenced a suit in tres- pass aggiust Paul Juerzens and Sebastian Anderseh, claiming $10,000 danages. Jonnie Napjer filed a bill against her hus- band, Edward Napier, ta get possession of her 6-year-ald boy, Bdward, George Cowan, fer the use of John Borro- may and others, brought sult to recover $2,000 of Amelia Gould, ©. HM. O'Donnell, D. U. Lyman, HW. Juekson, William Dickin- son, und J. 8. Gould, garnishees. Jacob Rosenthal $2,000 damages aga: PROBATE COURT, In thoestate of Phebe S, Cushing, the will Was proven on deposition and admitted to probate, Itappearing to the Court that the name * Moses N. Granger” had been erased and the name “Janes ‘TI. Cashing” substl- tuted, and that the words “request that ne bond be required of himus Bueh executor’? Inserted, it was ordered thot the name of “Moses N. Granger”. be replaced and the chiusy referred to be stricken ont. In the estate of Samuel C. Beach, letters of guardianship of the estate were issued to Frederick A, Arnold, ‘The estate Is valued at about S70, In the estate of John Walton, tho will was proven and admitted to probate, commenced a sult for Jacob Levy. ‘ CRIMINAL COURT, Charles Clnpinan pleaded guilty to forgery saul was remanded, George Carroll was found gullty of larceny, and given one year in the Penttentiary. James Connelly ond David MeKilvey were trled by the Court for petit larceny, and the inatter was takon andor advisement, Thomas Haltek, John Colnellys Frank Bohanuan, ltobert MeMara, ani Frederick Cornell—all hove vere tried by the Court for larceny, MeMara was acquitted, the fate of the others tuken under advisement, John Waters was tried for burglary, and the jury will bringin sealed yerdict this inorning, Ealward Meagher was tried for larceny, and the Jury was out, ‘Thomas fHickley and John Calvin, were on trial for robuery, SHE CALL TO-DAY, Jupak Diwsaonp—in Chambers, Juvae Beopaxrr—Call of all pasaed cases on eaiondar, APPELLATH Count—Not In session, Jupue Cany—Motons, Junay Ssitu—Voeremptory call of motions for now trial dn Nos, 2,270, 2,008, 3,860, 2,216, 2,061, 2,us, ; Junge Winttameon—Motious for now trial. Jupaw Jaurson—Divorce cases, Jupam Gaupnen—Divorce cases, Jupan Koayins—Subuilttod casos, JupaE ANtHOryY—Perowptory call of motions for now trial, » dvpas TuLky—Dlyorce cuses, ULGe BAUNUM— Divorce cuses. Ube Monan—dutlons to-day, 2 upd Hawra—Cuse on trial which will occupy: ay THE CALL SIONDAY, Jungs Diuvawoyv—Potition for review to tho State Insurance case, JUveM BLopastr—Passed cusen Appruate Court—45, 40, 47, 48, 49. .No care on hentring. JupGe GARY—T8 to 81, 85, 154, 100, 214, 255 to 359. No. L159, Wing va, Kirchoff, on trial. Jupod Sattit—Pretiminury call Nos, 500 to 510, Inclusive. 'Triul enll 2.470, 2482 Z4X2, 2414, 2H 2,000, 2,78. Ni 6. Day, on trinl,, Jopar WILLEAMSON—Asalsta Judgo Gary, No, 4,020, Isaneson va. Notschitd, on trial. dubay Jamesos—Contested motions, Jomin Cannxrn—Contested motions, x, Cut Juno hugh Je MS, MT, HY. =No, 399, Hedges vs. Hurat, on trint. Juno _ANtHoN w preliminnry call. Trial call #1, Wit, B07. 0, 3144, BEG, U1, 18, 319, 325, re No ene on trial, Hy ‘TeLEY—Contested motions, dtpor NaiNest—Contested motions. fpeaR. Le ‘ n Nu, (02h, and Nos. 2, JUDO MORAN: 18, 873, HOR, 045, 86), (Wis, 155, 1A), and fe, Junin HAWwEs—Nus. 98, 63, 805, and 752, JTUDGM s Usiten States Cinewir Count—Jebar BLon- Gerr—United States va. Adam Gluck, Henry 5. Mengel, and Peter Gergen, $44.40 Sermon Count—Conrresross—8, M, Rarton oF Wilson W. Kilgrove and Jano Kllgrove, _Avude Sartit—Micha Nutalie Telebman, $106. Soruh M. Waker, £225.97. Crrerit Count—Coxrrssroxs—Amon Engels vs, Muthins Eidews and Axel Engels, §1.410. ASTI: Saumniel Thoruton et ul. va. ‘unoinghium et nl. v3. —George Meachum vee Verdlet, $434.07 and motion n 2. Rend d& Co, va. Henry FB. Prunes verdiet, $5,000.40 and motlon for new rind, VOICE OF THE PEOPLE. Kanaan Cane Sugar. To the Editor of The Chteayo Tribune. Curcago, March 10.—The sugar expert who made the sorgbutn sitwar at Crystal Lake, Ul, Jn 1879, is the operator who conducted tho work at Lorned, Kas. Inst fall, referred to in your issue of to-day. His headquarters are now in Chicago, If the Government will not change tho present duties an euyar in. the Interest of Cuban planters, in 4 few years tha West will bo alle to supply this country with nit its sugar without any help from the Spantards. OnSERVEIL A Proposition from Tir. ers Yo the Editor of The Chicago ‘Fribunes Carcage, March 1—Au item in your paper this morning gives the nstounding truth that Tor $160,009 paid by the city onty 169 Inebriates have b temporarily subered up, the price boing $1.57 per week for board and treatment, or S0Gper man, [ with undertake tho cure—not the mere eeperin-ab eat every Inebriate in Chicago at £50 ench, and refund the money in Cares wherein I fall, My trentment Is «ctentific, notemplric, Neither red pepper, opiiim In any of its forms, nor chloral are used by me, the two latter of whieh any well-read physician of ex perience. will auree with ine are worse than ulcas ul Steel. 1 y, ote, - , it. D'Uaen, M.D. Sewer Ventiiation. To the Edttor of The Chicago Tribune. Crtcaga, March T1~—1 notlee some extracts In this morning's THInUNE from a report of Dr, De Wolf on sewer ventllavion, in which he elatns that the open fewer cover ventilation {4 0 suce cess, and ussumes that thls fg the best that ean be done for remedying thin grent evil. It nay be remembered by sume of your reads crs, that Ina letter tothe Doctor, ut the tlmo the open sewer covers were first being putin, Ttouk tho ground that thoy would undoubtedly prove better than scaled sewers: still, that ter would prove radically deticient. Tot in the Winter, tho only time when sciwer-yns 18 espe clally effective ‘in prodiciug dlsense, In con- sequence of our dwellings being cl Hup, and at which tie gewer-gag ling tho greatest ten- dency to enter our dwellings, in consequence of the partint vacuum in one houses, which pulls ‘on tho sewers, as well us in ait othor directions, then tho upen sewer ventilating covers would be likely to be greatly obstructed bi And now, Mr. Editor, with all due deference to the Doctor's opinion, whose tuten a8 Inuch a8 any one, and tho scientl! which be bas so much conten thooplnion that Lwas at the t And at this particulartline Utofak (tis Jy unfortunate far tho Doctor to mui claim of merit for this system, ag the covers nre how completely sealed, and tive teen #0 nearly the woole winter, fuchiding November, and will, from appearances, all of this month, am! also probably April. Talso took the ground at that time, that tho satisfactory and offectual remedy for this vil—the yveatest that nlfects life int elty—can only be reinedied satisfactorily by flue yentiin- jon. OF course it will tuke fine to construct enough buildings in order to get suiliclent flues bullt to fully aecomplieh this objects but, as our efty 18 not nore thant one-ball fled: gp, in time this dificulty ean be corrected. Certainty it whl nottake many tues to xccomplish wll thut the Open covera are now doing. ‘Ard hud the flue pin of. ventilating our sewers been advpted in all buildings put up fince the tlme [ made the recommendation, thore would now he w most deeded tuprove- ment. Now, Tdo not pretend to eny that our city has Authority to cnferes an ordinance requiring parties tho tre putting up buildings to. put int stich Hacs. But itdoes seein to me that are rangementseun be made with builders to con- struet such tives, the elty bearing tho expense. If our City Engineer has a plan, a8 the Doctor states, which wil keep those ventilators open, that will, of course, make Just the difference between ventiladon or no Ventilation, and we Will get along In the Winter without much trove ble, batjathe summer wo will stil) have tho Nitsvoce accompanylig ventilition at the Kure face of the ground, It now occurs to me why tho city should not Wee the corner enteb-basia. for ventilators, ‘Those would have the advantage of being ensily kept open, and with discretion In rewuluting the size of them the escape of yas could be Ky thor- oughly diffused us to be very mach less abjee tlonuble, i€ not imporeeptibte, than the present systoin, Amid this filso van bo doje ut a very tritling expense, and tho eseape of dirt whic! now pusses through the grating Into tho aewer would be stopped. .T. CHANT. ‘The Legislature and the Ratlronds, To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune. CHICAGO, Mareh 1-1 have littl sympathy With or falth In sumptuary tegielation asi general proposition, Ttut if tho Legisinture means to accumpileh anything of real value 04 to Tallroad charges, why not Aix a maximum allding seute of treight and pussonger charges? Every body Knowa that the appointment of threo Commisnoners nmounts to nothing, aud da Just what the rallrond companies want, These Com- Mlssloners fx No rites, put po limitations upon charges, except sich ns the railroads thomselves. would adept, and which enable then ta pay dividends upon both real und Hetldous capital, representing double the coat of tho roads, amounting to. millions of dotlars anni Nolther will Congress cdo wnything, Hut even if the Reagan or other similar bil were parsed, it would amount — to nothing, would, be difticutt of execution, and tf cnturced would atford 10 Bubstantin relier. It would bo dust ax easy aiid more easy for the rallroitd con panies to convince threes United states Cominise dloners ns it is forthems te convince or pursiudo three State Conunissioners that tt ts best ta let thom alu Reantes, 1 Congressional buy would require Judiatal constenction as to its autbority, deope, and application, and many yents must elapso Lofore, Wt ever, such a daw could be mude Uifective. Nuw tho several States huve plain soiilug, Their right to Minit tho Kes UPON trupsportution bas been Judictully determined by tho State and Fedurnt Courts, und it one state Hino, for Instanee—syoutd Halt the chines upon the transportation of corn to one geat per: ton por mile, the State of Ohio would be © Pelled to ndopt the ai rate, othorwise ail the xrutn would seek the take nt the neurost potat, and the Unie nillroads would get very litte Ll hols grain to transpose during the greuter part of thu year, Whit tx wanted Isa well-consid: ered luw buged upon tho present echedulesrates of the diferent roads, Diviie the ronds tito tree Classes, depending upon thelr present earnings, and reducing tho maxim ot charges by aver tain percentage off trom the existing schedule rates upon different kindwaffroight, lu order not to discourage the building of uw rounds where needed, thy proposed law might he (hosted tn its Application to such roads as earn aw eeruln amount per mile, and ont such ronda as do nut earn in gross over, way, S000 per mile yeurly, ‘The present scasion of the Milnols Legialatuire will svun adjourn, and unless somethlog is done he farmers of this State will huve to pay thy next two years millions of dotlars on ae countor fae delay tn the emactinent Of nde. quate legislation for thelr protection and rolict tissald by the rallraud managers that {hell comblintions are auch now as to enable then to dofent any such attempted fegisinuion, jt by consolidations und combinations amour Mhomsctves they buye get rid of competl- ton also. ‘Tho Hock sland Rosd bas r= cently, doubled its stocl dssnany # for “$1, and the — wate ate Me Me it sulting ata premium of Fl per ceat. The thir- Mngton Company ta waiting to aco what the Legiviatures ure golng to do before issulug wow: stouk for tholr acetinilated surplus ourniis. Toe Kock stand ts earning much more thin (he Ordinary rate of Interest upon ia presout ex- fanded expitals tho Huriington euriied r eU than W percent net upon itecapital tn ibis, 1ST, anid 180, Lvt tho voters fn auch county ¥pot the mon who clalm to represant them In We Lowlaluture, aud yot refuse to grantthomn relict. If neoded, tho Hallroad Comnittoes of wither branch cun cath to thoir atd ratlroud:tratis ex porta cumpetvot to assist in preparing such 4 law. ‘Tho trouble {6 that tho furmers ure volveluss, A railroad pags toe tho editor stltlas the voice of his country paper. Even (he Wisconsin“ Pouter taw," though lupertect ih some respects, would, if fearicaly onforced, have given great reltet te the producers of Nuu state. A succeeding Leg- (elature wus induced by ruitroad urguments oF varlous kinds, soino persuasive and suino throaty Pare to repeat Ue Just woe toe niet bad held the lay ¢o bo In every way vaiid and binding. Oly Baus. RAD WAYS READY RELIEM DR. RADWAY’S NARSAPARTLLIAN RESOLVENT, | THE GREAT BLOOD PURIFIER, Changes as Scen and Felt, as’ they Daily Occur, Aft- er Using a Few Doses, 1, Good spirits, disnppenrance of wonkni Janguor, melancholy, Increase and hardiness of Herd and imnuscles, ete, 2. Strength increases, appetite improves, rel- {sh for food, no more sour cruetations of water brash, yen digestion, culm and undisturbed sleep, awaken fr and vigorsus. th Diss ppedeaiice uf spots, blotches, pimples: the skin luoke clear and heathy; the urine changed from ite turbid and cloudy appearunce towelone cherry or amber color: water passes freely from thé bliider through the urethra without pain or scalding: lttle or no sediment; no paln or wenkness, 4. Marked diminution of quautity and fro- quency of involuntary weakening discharges df uttiicted in that way), with cortulnty of pere pinient cure, Increased strength exhibited im ‘the secreting glands, and function harmony re- stored to the several organs. 5. Yellow tino on the white of the eyes, and the ewarthy, seUron appearance of tho’ skin chanyed ton clear, lively, and healthy color. 8. Those suffering from werk or ulcorated lungs or tubercles will realize grent benefit ia expectorntlug freely tho tough phlegm or mucus, from the Innys, air cells, bronch! or windplpe, throat or hend: diminishing the frequency of cough; general Increase of strength througbous the system: stoppnye of night-aweuts and patna of weakness Around the ankl lees. wboulders, etc; cestation of cold an chills, sense of Ruffocation, hurd breathing and paroxysm of sougn on lyitg dawn or arising in the mioming. All these distressing aymptome radnally und aurely disappear. we Aa day utter diy (he BALSAPARILLIAN la taken new signsof returning health willappears asthe blood improves in purity and strengtit disease will diminish, and all forcign and impure deposits, nates, tumors, cancers, hurd lumps, ute, be resolved away, and tho unsound made sound aud healthy; ulcers, fever sores, chronle kin Aiacases, gradually disappoar, 8. Jn cases where the aystem bas beon sall= vated, and Mercury, Quickallver, CorrosiveBub- imate have aceumulatod and become deposited in the bones, joints, ete, causing caries of the bones, rickets, spioal curvatures, contortions, white swellings, varicose veins, ete., tho SAR- BSAPARILLIAN will resolve awny these deposita and erte ‘talnate the virus of the discaso from je ayatem, v. {f those who ore taking theae medicines for the cure of Chronic, Scrofulous, or Syphilitic disenaes, however sluw may be tho cure, “feek better" and find their freneral health Improving, their Hesh and weight Increusing, or even keop- ing ita own, It Is sure sign Uint the curo fs prow grossing. In these disen: the kets better or worse.—the hot iunetive; if not arrested and driven from the binud, it witl spread and continue to undere mine the constitution, AR soon ae the SAKSAs PALILULAN makes the patient “feel better,” every hour you will grow better and increase in health, etrength, and flesh. ‘The xrent power of this remedy ta in discaso@ that threaten death, ns in CONSUMPTION of the Lungs and Tuberculous Phtbisis, Scrofus la-Syphiluid Diseases, Wastiur: Degenoration and Ulceration of tho Kidneys, Dintetes, Stop pave of Water (instantaneous relief nforded where catheters lave been used, thus doing Away with the painful operation of using thes inetrumenta), dissolving Stone in the Bladdes And fm ll cases of Inflammation of the Blad= der and Kidneys. ann ctronte cnees of Leucorrhas and Uterine Oue bette contalas more af the activa priuct= lea of Medicines thun any other Preparation, Naken in Teaspoonti) doses whic othors require five or six ther a6 much. ONE DOLLAR PER BOTTLE. i. EE. RADWAY’S READY RELIEF CURES AND PREVEN'TS Byventery, Marrh a, Cholera Morbna, Fever and Ague Jtheurmniiem, Nearniuiu, Diphe theria, Infuenzu, ‘Throat, Dittowe Brenthing, High scree Bowe! Complaints, Chulern Morbus cr pain (a) du» ls, are stopped in la or 20 mine Festi ieactnntie Heute Venioee We cranes How oF ioflamoandon, ne weakness oF Inasitude, wilh follow the use of the H.R, Mules, fv WAS THE FIRST AND 1S THE ONLY PAIN REMEDY that fostuntly stops the most excruciating pat: altays Infiauimndous. and. cure Coumestions, whether at the Laine, Stomuac! A Howels, or other glands or organs, by one application, IN FROM ONE ‘to ‘T’ WENTE MINOT aS. No matter bow violent or excruciating pain. the libuemutic. Bed-ridden, Infirm, Crinpted. Nerv- ous, Neurnizio, or prostrated with disease may eager LAL ¥'S READY RELIEF will afford eatanit extao. FLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS, Lie i eanaane Ieee ALADDER, = iN OF ‘He LUNGS, CONG BOKE THROAT, DIFFICULT BUEA PALPITATION OF THE HEART, BYSTERICS, CHOCP, DIPHTHERIA, CATARRIL, INFLOENZAg HEADACHE, TOOTH ACHE, NEURALGIA. WIEUMAtISIN * COLD CHILES, AQUE CHILES, CHILBLAINS, AND FROST BT} The applicution of tho Ready Rolief to tha part or pirte Where the paiu or dificulty exisua will afford case aud comfort. Thlety to sixty drops in half a tumbler or wotur wit in i few minutes cure Cramps, Sprains, Sour Stomuch, Heartburn, sick Head- che, Wurrhan, Dyseotery, Colic, Wind tn the tus all Internal Patna, : Hers sheild nlways curry a bottle ot Rade ways Nendy telief with thom, A few dropa io water will pre! sickness of paths from change. of water, {tis better than French Brandy of Bitters us a stiinulant. FEVER and AGUE FEVER AND AGUE cured for fifty conta. ‘There ld nota remedial agent tn this world thas @ F Fover and Ague aod all other Muliti+ narlet, “Ty ellow, ond other ALA DW. .L3) so quickly IEF. BOTYLE. RADWAY'S Regulating Pills! PERFECT PURGATIVES, SUOTHING APEBLs ENTS, ACT WITHOUT PAIN, ALWAYS RELIABLE, AND NATURALIN ‘THEIR OPERATION, A Vegetable Substitute for Calomel, Perfectly tusteleds, vlegantly counted with sroct ktinl, purge, reyulute, purity, cleanse, aud strengthen, Hadway’s Hills for the eure of att disorders uf the Stoned Bowels, Kid- neys, Bladder, Nervons Diseases, duchy, Con« Aipation, Codtivencas, Indizestion, Dvapepela, Billousness, Fever, lofiaaiation of the howsis, Pilos, and ail derengementa of the hiternal View cera. Wurranted to effect a positive citre. Purely vexetuvle, contalning ne mercury, rey eri, or duleterioux dries. . ‘Observe the following symptoms resulting from Disorders uf the Diseativo Organs: Constipation, Inward Piles, Fullness of the loud in the ‘Head, Acidity of the Stomach, amu, Heurtburs, Disgust of Food, Fullucss of wolgtt te the Btomuck, Seur Kructations, Binkings or Fluttorings in the }itot the Stome ach, Switining of the Head, Nurried and Dit cull Hroathing, Flutteriiy of the teurt, Choking OF Sulfocuting’ Sensations when in a fying pow ure, Dols or Webs before the aight, Pover and Sunt Patuin the Head, Deticiency of Porsptra- owness of tho Bkin and Eyos, Palo in Tc ba ve Eee, rican wud wnniien Flushos of eat, Durittys iu the Flesh, | A fow doses: Rudway’s Pilly will tree ie { aystom from all the above-named disorders, PRICE 33 CUNTS PER NOX, BOLD HY DLWGGISTs. Read “FALSE AND TRUE. Bend a lottor atainp to RADWAYW & 00, 0. WARREN-ST., COW. CHUNCH-8T, NEW | ye information worth thousauds will be send TO THE PUBLIC, {Tere onn be no better guarantee of the value ‘Dr, Rudway’s old esteblinbed KR. L. It Remo- than the base and worthivas tinitutions of thom. Axthere ary Fulso lwsolvents, Keliofy, ond Pills, be sure and usk for Radway's, and Maas We aay * bad” fd Oe Whe Boe te OP, don, >