Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 19, 1881, Page 9

TIIE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1881—SIXTEREN PAGES, 9 B ne———— P UBLICATION w;,“.,‘,,,Z.Tm.,.:mmfi..'i‘fifinu prbtishedim b (1ing) Mutl. ABHER FOR MARCH, Ailuatrsted pumber ins 1n 1ts tablo e ”f‘x“u’lll:lz“(lulhm'lnuz Tho sccond Installs ot et ynerr's brheht novolntte, ot owrliy whith tho Philuilelphin A patr BT vivid, fascinating story.” funtleer S brunry SoRINRER, cantalning vk may st be hiwd of booksellers, ¥ ors, ""’""',f{.'fl}‘v',flrs. o threo numbers containe :,.’,""5.," noveletto complete can bohad for ono ollar, "tueat mzununfl terest, b5 ¢ possibilities fn Amerlen, Ny THOMAR, AR artlelo of wide popular ho groat muslc-lender of this cowa- ey 39 and Ier Now 3 nts ¢ Destroyer HEe e ias, BananD. A fully iustrated Gun % Ericson's lntest nvention, * beforo ;cn‘l':n \bo Iron-clad Heots of Europe aro help- vith Dickonws, Tho haunts (11 Copperfield, Littla Dorrity and others, °!|T“|:3nn3mu, by C1as. A, VASDERIOOF. 5 ~|| aries and Jary Lambe Aninteresting :p:r, accompnanled LY portrahg, reproduced T trare oil-paintlug from life. other Notnblo Fentures as follows: wprotestansism i llu\!y,”v by l‘ho Tev. FAsHINGTON (LADDE The Frc:s Christlan hycte. Joln Singleton Covloy, It. 0 by Ly granddnughter, with many repro- duetions of Cortey's works; s Striped Bass? 0 sporting article, with Ilustrations by MoRAN, Tapk, BonLEs, and othors; D iinupacs of Parialan Arty? with sketehes by Americally Spanist, and l-fmmh peinters fn puris; #A_ Dungerous Virtue,” n short story by 11 1. BOYESENG $ Ilecolluz:llonn or American Socletyy? by Mra. 8, W. Oaxey; Wyotes of Wallkery?? by Joity Bunrnouat Tocs by Dr.J. G HoruasD, 8. M, B )ix,\n" and other ADAME DELPIKINE, :, will begln i Novelotte by tizonag W, CAD ;[.;. following * A Falr Barbarian Pric of thin number, 45 cents; sold by all dealers. Subseription price, $4.00 n yenr. e JUST BEADY, {TIIE MAGAZINE OF ART FOR FEBRUARY: o1 staness of, HugoyTho Itomnn Villa at Trad- Tin dur doce: Frontisef I " e 3 e A can| liriasols Exhibition. our Living ATHSS Wille "fhiren Eagrave ouls, Krnest dels oo Syt Portcaiy bt i und e, “Bunset on tho Oontor- scholde.” From the Plo- tury b . Helilp= R A 'Sculptor in Gold. With un Kngraving, pltures from o Wintor ‘rensure_‘Trove of| Fxhibitions, With'fhreo Petrossa, With Thres| Lngravings, fjustrationa, LRIy ot 5 Grent Ca-| thearat, | With ‘v T Jastratlons of Cologno (athedral.- ®he {mprovisatore. Fromthe pleture byProf. 3. Eehurenberd. 7 Al O our Enuru vl Aiheties In the Beven| D §ir Frederick Lelghton’s House in Hol- fand Park Road is the subject of an article of special Interest in this month's part of The Magazine of ART. The il- Justrations of the various apartments were made by the kind permission of the Presi- dent of the Royal Academy, who pronounces them to be the best reproductions of his residence that he has seen, “f¥oknaw of no ‘thing of baaaty’ which woutd bo mor of an abliding Soy Lhan thls Apleniid poriodical.” ~Cbrisitan Intellizencor, “Thoro 1s nothing published 1o comparo with it in wtisilo merit.'—~Xutonal Journal of Education, tingle number, 3 conta. 2 Yearly subscription, §.60, Bempla copy sent on rocolpt of 25 conts, CASSELL, PETTER, GALPIN & CO. 780 and 741 Brondwuy, New York. FIVE FAMOUS OPERAS. HIGNON Gporn by AMDROISE THOMAB. s very nuccosatul opern irst hocame nown i Parfs, where {Uslowly but surely worked its w37 10 permanent dlsthicion, And his bucomo one ot tig maninrda. v vory full Oocuplon Wb yoxes, and 0810 tho purchiaser qulta n Jbrury OF 11USIO o ¥hianorder, o PUreRHOr A B AIDA, (I Orand Opora by VEILDI._ Componed in s the tizst Instanee for tha rulerof Egypt, nnd Brst clven in thit unclent Kingdos whoro also the icene of the story Is luid. e strutiuo 11to of old for~ futten aves eamos betaré us, und 18 ado vivid by tho rillag wusle o€ eno of the most rlllaut of com- CARMEN, 0217 GEORGES RIZET. A Epanish s Oporu, introductng Spanish Grpsios, II:;VAI\'N.VP.‘IIIII\\JIII hons, s 'Torrendor, und ApanishCon= band ‘I'rsders, Wa nro incontact with the bizarro Ty und incldenta of tho Spanish Ponlisuia, and tho s W Quits i’ consununco” with tho pruvalliog MEFISTOFELE. (50,87 A it nnti e i 10 Goothu, Whosa poewn ta clasoly followsd i ng componiton, romontia and 1y givon, sud pronounced o auos FM’]N"ZA @) Ny F. VON BUPPK, wharo Urducus un i o0 Ad SHaY S HALSIORORS AT 10 Builans auid Tyrks during tho war, Vory popular. Anybook mafted, post froe, for rotall prico, LYON & MEALY, .Chicago, Tl OLIVERJIDI'TRON & CO,, Hoston. - Hamuwoth Colored Fashion Panorama OF ALL THE NEW SPRINg FASHIONS FROM PARIS, Now roady, in the March numbor of THE YOUNG LADIEN' JOURNAL. TheMarch numbor also_contall L OOLILED DESIGR FOI D B i, BLEGANT 4 SR ehiantyms OF an oxciting now story, #atliled, he Svgrutof Her LA A Y Ly LA o, 070 Aru nlso Four Comulote Staries by FYpidr ngliat weita THE YOUNG 1., s Y I35 bk g LADLEST JUUIEN AL ba for pala by all Price, including ull tho supplomonta, 33 conts. Tht eaations] Sews Company, 31 Leebmanat., New York. Sutscripiona recetved for all Farolin Pobiications, AWINTER'S EVENING IN THE FENS, o Temple Dur, hm“:u.un sinks tho distant swamp below— T uck Its woldan stresmers of tho flght; AIm.“"rwluxn_pllu hns lost 1ts burnishod glow. hag vanised in the approaching night. Indusky groy, ps tho slondor poplare stand, fod fur fid e iels turins n?;r‘xl\]:;ml’!hn [ nrds murl 10 jurel strand Dr frozen brook thut ono tino rippled by, 2 I Ih sheil) Noreh Wi i Il {ts OId-World legend o Jurmakes (hu Avatlo fastiss of ia trono, S o s tho dread Iec-Maldon on ita ‘wings, @ F40go tho mursh and muko tho fons its own, Awaln the 1, A rost has numbed the leaden clouds; 1’»’: fii‘-“ :l_luw-uhullwl forng are filetng pust; Aag ka 'y wild-fowl wheel fn thnig crowds, U A piereiig burden to tho blust. il m‘?flfl,{""‘ nmnf- plto, upon the firet L e sl o 8 benws yol ¢85 tho thousund shuduwa frots tho Walls] ———— Carlyle's Mandw: ; riting. ¥ “gcc‘:.r('%"’ 8 handwriting an nxpcst has snid; Pr v and splicful looking iiito tlourlsties g apat B8 Witnuecpipt In various odd wi ough rur ateided 16 ropresont thy 'l'(fir. Othery, W"{mxx{g‘t‘l f‘:':zx: l'l,m ;-nnrunt‘ I-lmm. wbl‘}n e 08y to the *t, suds tag g ceoll i wn wosu fushion, 0 T alemnie ‘“'Mlcu..fl uphlml somersuult, and in so doing Iprang. 't ni Luneel the eutive word whence thoy Molhir, aoi20 1otiers slopeone way und somo il WG Uro hait, watmed, or_erippled; ad ‘overyiro Uncaual 'iu” tigbr, form, stylo, ‘::fl‘v:{ ;lh.l{'"' g ’h:: The nuwrxru phi i rathor not lapregy the ¢ i o pleusantly; tha crabbed li. Tt ol very Viauliivint of fnbile Vworicy fid s uked to yovise and petouch ucl gy nurlf'u'&‘fl,“,:“';h"fi;“"‘m’m ur‘ it so Tk positive torror i the N&-room, Ouo da, /i publistiors foru- o g o "',f‘:“:.;rly hurd on us with yu}l':'r 'cfirryxfifi Urged, e 4K O muel tiao, you seol® Ho lomed ol a1 20t B priutor ouglit to Lo ke- herg was ol B0y ances, and that I Seots s o unn»r&x:;;n{ndo over thom, *Al, R Oreioun, b v Wre‘f.’&'{fi““ Edlaburg. 1o took b l:lnh‘l?o% Bad g2 tho othar day und droppod T ait G .m o n:-.l;::‘-..“: 3[1_:1:9)' o us1™ hoerlod, o " u;n:.ue—wl‘zfl“'.fil L Ruows [t o 6y Whew by (01 3t 31'3!&“;?‘““““’ " Tkl gy Te—— Woncy 20 Obstingte o oaiuto cough oF cold with Halo's Vilg aad 7 1Bacho Drops cur ¥T TOU8 cure in one suinute, LITERATURE ---ART---SGIENGE Anthony Trollope's Life of Cicoro— Was the Roman Honeat, Sin- coro, and Brave ? Wallaee's Tstand Lifo—tn Addition o {ho Literaturo of Evolution—A Study * of Shakspeare, Cervantes—What Girls Can Do—Appel- late Court Reports—Theoloyical —The Poetry of As- tronomy. Scientilc Works— Magnzines— Books Received—Literary, Art, and Beientific Notes, LITERATURE. TROLLOPIYS LIFE O1' CICERO. ‘Wa nre unable to seq any good or suflicient rensons In Mr. Authony "Trollupe's two vol- umes for changing the general opinlon of Cleero ng o statesman, orator, advoeate, and man, hitherto held by those who have stud- led the great Roman’s Mfe and writings. In forming a Judgment of nnan the man must stund by himself: his motives aro to he as- certained from his nets, nud no-biographer can Justify the faults of bis own hero by pleading the grosser excesses of others, Yet ihls Is preeisely what Mr. ‘Trollope nitempts 1o do, and whilo hp shows that the virtues of Cleero may have ontimunbered his vices and folbles, :still he clearly reveals to us a man vaclllating and insincero In public life, de- ficlent in prudence, declston, and fortitude, and anlmated at all thwes by An nordinate vanity and sulfish destre for admiration and applanse. Undoubtedly Cleero was the first of Romans In eloguence, wondertully Iearned und skilful ns an advocate, endowed with great natural gifts, and deservedly hon- ored by his countrymen with tho high- est ofice It was In thelr power to Destow. But tho sumo ubllity that eleetriiied tho Senate and drove thoe conspirntors against the Republic out of tome, that branded Catiline ns Infamous, sent some of his nssociates to death and the leader Into exlle,—the same man who delly- ered the matchless orations with which every school-boy is famillar,—had been egually rendy to defend tho notorlous Catillne in or- der to help himsell In his canynss for the of- fice of Consul, He who could declalm 8o earnestly of the vices of Verres and his mal- admintsteatlon of affalrs bn his Proviuee, was as ready and as enger to defend the equally gullty Fontelus, who had plundered the Gauls while Proprietor. Cleero had plotted agnlust o worked against tho growlms power of Cresar; taken sides dvith Tompey, und been with him at Pharsalln, but—Lompey dend—Cleero beemne the enloglst of Cresar, and ranked him with the gods. Compare Cicero's oration Pro Marco Murcetlo, and tho Ianguage used In his Second Phillppic: “1will not admit without o protest,”” snys Mr. Trollope, *that the word insin- coro shonld bo applied to him ns de- seribing his charcter generally, Jlo was 80 much morc alncere than others that the protest is needed.” The generally honest man who occasionally steals s o thief swhether he steals os mileh ns tho profession- al or mot. And cven MMr, Trollope—who rivals Mlddleton or Forsyth In his extrava- gaut oulogies of Cleero~fails, to prove the . claim he advances forthesincerlty of his subject. We see Cleero as o statesman earnest and honest, as un advocate unsur- passed, and as a man-of-letters learned and successful, 1o stunds forth In bold relief ns the noblest of Romans at the thne when the world-conquering Republic was passing into an Empire. But hie was far from faultless, far from perfect, far even from consistency and perfect rectitude, MMr. T'rollope is o late-comer In the field of Ciceronian literature. From Tyrrell ho has borrowed Cleero’s correspondence; depend- cd upon Mommsen for his historical facts; token Mlddleton as a model, unt Froudo as an antagonist whom it is_his Incvitable duty to'ntiuck and repel. IIis voluiues, however, lnck the charm and tho entertaining nature of the Iatter's sketch of ““Cresar,” and tho history uf Uicero’s life has been too finely spun-out to Interest tho general rendor.d Mr. ‘Irollope Is entitled to pralse for his study of tho subjeet, for tho abllity with which he manages hls cause, and tho zoal displayed In defense of Cleero's **hon- esty, courage, and sincerity,” thejthree points where others have found hilm wenk, As an ndvoente, Cleero fpok cither side—defended or prosccuted whether rlght or wrong—and, says Mr. Trollope, “glive to that cllent’s cause not only all his learning and all his wit,but nlsoatl his synmpathy.” ‘Chink of Trol- lopw's Cleero In symputhy with Fontotus! Mr, ‘I'rollope ngain brings up the question us o Jawyet's justitiention In- taking what ho knows to bo the wrong slde, From his own stiowlug It was a question with Clecro of po- Iitical advancement, Self was this great orator’s fdol, *Iio was ns right ng the nod- ern burrister,” says tho nuthorl Dut ho starts on tho assimption that hewus im- measurably superior he “mod- ern burrister. Ho fndulges in many undignitled and nngenerous flings ab the lexgnl profession. *The advocats is vestratned by no horrer of falschood, In his profession alono 1t Is consldered honor- able to By n bulwark to deception, nud to mnke the worsy appear the better cause,” lie says In one plieo. * Ile wus about ns fulse and about ns true ns an ndvoeato of our own day,” lie snys further on, and of hiy oratlon pro Murena: *The best morsel In the whale oratlon,” says Mr, s that In which He ilinbs tho inwyer,” ntter with Mr., ‘Trollop: Has he been myleted in heavy damnges fn some lawsult that ImEnnulm_hln splecn to got the belter of him? Lven Cleero, who could belittlo lnw- yers when defending tho seldler Murena could extol the lnws wsque ad coelum whe it sulted his purpose of constantly seoking opularity! JIle writes to Cussur singinz Ciesur’s lenus this * sincere ” man who had declnred fio would ratner dle with Yompoy than live under Cwsar, 1o writes to Lucceius demanding to be praised,—this honest ? man,—saying: “Arain and agaln 1 beseeeh you, without any beathg about the bush, to speak more highly of me thin you Ferlm s think that [ deserve, even though n dol §0_you_abandon all the laws history,” picy prafsed Pomnpoy n publio and dispraised him n [xrlvutu [ 1ho sam tine, and the oxcusae his blographer makes Is that ** the Romans of tho day were habltually fulse after this fashion’! And of his sineerity: * It will be my ubject to show thut he was altogether sincere “in hig Purpnse. that he never changed hig political [de,” and ontho next page: ** AllLelalm for Cicero 18, that b was moro sincero than others around _him 1 ‘This insingority charge worrles Mr, ‘I'rollope. 1lo constant- Iy recurs to It, but noyer disproves it, and it {5 perfectly clear from his own work that It eannot be dlsl‘)Jruvcd. 1t wus his nature to doso (1. ¢, blow both hot and cold|, not from any aptitude for decelt, but becnuse he was sanguine and vaclllating’ (p. 116). ¢ Tt hins to be admitted that Cleero always oxaggorated his own powers " (v, 118), ‘I'heso admisslons are reluctuntly made, but they are mild statemonts of faets, What a plciure is }m:nculml by this * honest ! and vgincorn " man defending with hls elo-, quence and skill the sumo Gabinfus upon whom he had suld that he had prayed for ail ovil to fall, that he would have viewed, Nis crucifixion with dellght, that ho had fallen so low that his word was not betieved] « Ho confessed his distrust of Tompoy, und wrote from Mucedonin that Pompey had betrayed hlns he had called him y, i sucering epithels, —*Sumpsi s 3 Hlurosolymrius s ¥ Araburches,” —yot In his first spuech on returning from exile he aliudes to hiny as that *Cn, Pompey who by his valor, bls glory, Lis achlove- ments stands conspleuously to fiest of ull notlons, of all oges, of all histery” His famous cednnt arma toge, which ho had mlnrl d anil readopted a8 his maxln, was confronted with hils declaration in hehnlf of Murenn, (hat *'Lhe greatest glory 1s achieved by those who 1,0 battte,” My, ‘Trollops thinks that ero in his speeehes alwayy citrrles Wiy rewder with B, 18 this not possibly dne to the fact that we re: only onoe slde? It 13 very evident that the strictures | L upon Cleero by Mr. Frowly in his sketeh of Ceaar's e is n perpetual thorn in‘the side to Mr, Trollope. Ile con- nlu‘uly refers to the advocates of 0 and of Cesarlsin” in no tlattering terms, Yot Ciesar had trled to concilinte Cleern, t win hihm to his support; had introduced the Awrnefan Jnw - whieh Cleero hind ’.luxul for so carnestlys only a year before, The vanity of tha orator stood In thy \\'u?'. And that egotlsm went so far an bao really ridleulous, " T'nke a3 n single instanee an ex- truel from his speech to the Roman Senate on his return from exllo: * When [ was goye, you could deeres nothing for your eitlzens, or for, ?‘nur allics, or for tho de- ulent kings, The Jwdges conld givo no frnents the people eoulid not record their votess the Sennto availed nothing by s an- thority, You saw only a silent Forum, a speechless Senate-House, n eity dumb and deserted.” “Thera s no eritielsm of Cleero s0 unjust in Mr. Fronde's work as this plet- urg of Cawigy drawn by Mr, Trollope: 4 Money wan to him nothlng. Anotherman's money was the samo 8s his own,—or better if he could get hold of it, DBlood was to bl nothing, A frlend was better thann foe, and o live man than a nead. To plllage o elty, to.ptier his all from n rich man, to de- bniteh a friend’s wife, 1o glye over a mnlii- tudo of women and ehildren to slaughte wns a8 easy to him to ol fve an enemy, Nothing wis wrong to him ut what wad injulielous, He conid flatter, cajole, e, decelve, nid robs nay, would think 1t Tolly 1ot to do so, IT 1o do so woere experdl ent.” And he Afr. Frowde's charaeterlgn- tion of Cicero: .**So ended Cleero, n tragle cambination of magolficent talents, Bigh us. piratlons, nud true desive to do right, with un fnfivmity bf purposo and a latent lus(ncurll{ of charneter which neutralized and conld al- most mnke us forget his nobler qualities; . o o toCosaralons of his contemporarices intolerablo to im. In his own cyes lie wos he was conselous of an Inferfority which was nlways the first person, . . . Supreme ny an oratar, he coulil always be. . . . ¢ was born nto nn age of violenco with which hewns too feebleto contend, 'Thoe gratitude ot wmankind for his literary excellence will for- ever preserve hls memory from oo harsh a judgment.” (* Caesar,” b, Sil—53L) How nnch more manly and dignified. "The reader wiho takes Mr. Trollope’s facts and state- ments, so carcfully collnted, 18 n basis, whl still ngree with Mr, Froudein his opinion. T'rof, Swing, in ope of his recently-pub- ished essays, gives®ug a eharning pletitre of Cicero’s homa Ilfe. Mr, Trollope does not dwell upon the domestle lifo of his hero us much as we could hive wished. e even forgets to mention that Cleero put astle hig second wife on account ot her rejoicing nt the death of her stepmother] And he bavely alludes to the hurried divoree from Lerentin, Up to the tima of his Consuiship he had been prosperonts, fortunate, and successiul. “1le hud murried well, Children had been Vorn to him, who were the source of infinit delight, dlo had provided himself with houses, marblus, books, and all the Intel- Jectunl’ Tusurles which well-used wenlth coulid produee” Mr. ‘I'rollope is thoroughly unsatlstactory In his nttempts to aceount for Cicera’s great wenlth, e spurns the 1d that he ever took fees for his services, The amount of his Inherltance was comparatively smalls his wife's dowry was Ihnited; hie was (lcupullud of overything when exiled, Yetho lived in princely state, owned fourteen mugnlficent villns besldes his house In the city, and was nlways in possession of abund- unt means, Another of his biozraphers ad- mits that he was very rich, and franicly ndds, “*but his riches were ot his own acynlrins.” Hewho could repronch Hortensius tor aceepr- ing a giftasa feo mitst hinvo had npruurclum' eonseieneo himself, 15 one of Mr. Trollowe’s arguments on this point. Ie may have only more skillfutly covered his tracks? ‘Iiro suys: “Several places (villas) wero given hiin by wenlthy friends, who were or mlght he hig elients in law, or who were noved by simplo friendsinp. Many large stms were iven to this fawyer (i the wilis of those who jad been near him dn life” 1 have deavored, ns L have gone on with my work, to compnre him to an_ Englishmdn of the present. day,” says Mr. Trollope. 1f so, the comparison 13 wisely implicd rather than ex- pressed. One other point on which Mr. T'ral- . Jope malkes u stand 18 In defenso of Cleero’s cournge. This 1s much better maintained than eithor his “slncerity ?” or *“honesty” of nction. But even then it was Cleero's vaulty that Inspired him with courage In wmany In- stanees,—as_In the uulmresslun of the con- spirary ot Catliine. Whnt sort of cournge dld he disptay after the battls of Pharsalin ? Does ha ever prove the possession of that no- ble self-dovotion, that grandest kind of cour- age which lends men to risk al), dare all, die it need be, for thelr convictions? A his lotters to Atticus from Mucedonin, when an exile, are filled with little elsg than lnmonta- tions over his own ot unworthy of u brave mnn whose convictions ot right, andof Justice, and of truth wero undinunted by misfortune, Alr, Trollope divides Cleero's life jnto slx episodes or divisions, 'Ilio first Is the necu- sation ngainst Vorres, Tho second s hls Consulship nnd hig defeat of Catlline, Tho third was_his exlle. ‘Fhe, fourth iwas his Governorship of Cilleia, The fifth was {ho battle of Pharsalin and Nis adherence to Ciusar. ‘The sixth was his Internecine com- bat with Antony, which produced the Phil- ppics, *and that memorable serles of let- tera In which lie strove to stir Into flames the explring embers of the Repubile.” Mr. ‘I'rollupo {8 sovere on Mr. Fronde for vent- uring to disprrage his hero; does he not reenl] Maeaulay’s dlefums **1 read Cleero’s specel:es, ete, The cgotim I8 porfectly in- tolerablo, 1 Xknow nothilug like it in litera- ture, The man's self-bmportance amounted to o monomanku, ‘Yo me the speeehes, tried by tho stundurd of Bnglish forensic clo- quenc, seem very bad, . o o Wo ought to «know how far in somo of What §s tha | these cuses lortensing and others had. disposed of questions of evidenco before Cleero’s turn came, ‘The pororition seems to havo been reserved for him, But tmagine a barplster now defonding n man ncensed of heading u riot nt an eleetion, teling the ]m?' that ha thought this un excelient opportunl- ty of Instructing tho younger part of the audience In the galleries touching the dis- tinction botween Whizs und "Tories, and then proceeding to give an historieal disser- tatlon of an hour on the Civil War, tho Lxelusion bill, the Ltevolution, the Penee of Utrecht, and IHeaven knows wimtl Yot this is strictly anulogous to what Cleero did In his defense of Sextivs.” As to style, Mr, "U'rollape Is not alwnys dig- nified, A8 when ho speaks of Cleero’s fu- veetive ns “ beating nll? in tho selenco of in- veetlve; or when ho called the denfzens of Afrien the**the * nigger’ world "' or when ho ludes to Verres aga ** howllng miscreant,” Novertheloss, ha has made a worthy contri- butlon to English lterature, and pitkes us, 48 o matter of fact, better ncqauainted with ono of the_grentest nmumes In history. 'I'o this work he hos doveled many yewrs of pa- tient Inbor, and his conclusions nre tho legit- hmnty results of his investlzations as_he Ras been led to read them. Wo do not agres with him ns to_Cieero's “honesty, slneerity, and cournge,” but wo do ugreo with him that thy Iife of such & mun was worthy the tling glven to its study, Wo do not uecopt hispo:= trait of Cleoro ns, In all respeets, n fuithful likeness, but wuo can ndmit that he has smoothod nwnumuu' harsh features hither- to neeepted as belonglng to the_origiual, In ull nges, to bo ealled tho Cleero” of tho time hins been held to bo tho highest of hon- ory. Canning was styled tha “Cleoro of tho British Senate,” a8 Mussiilon was eatled o *Cleoro of France” and Willlam Pitt *the British Cicero,” In berson, tall and slenders In - disposition, amiably and cheerful; as a statesmun, o lover of his country; us & scholar, of widely-extended learnivg; ns an orator, eloquent’ without n rivil; a8 o philosopher, n sound thinkers as o Jawyer, well read; as o cltizen, ralsed-to tho highest elvic hgnors by the acelanntions of the peoplos to’ his fumlly and friends, falthful aud firmly attached; ns o wrlter, prolifle and with literar, merils of the high- ost cluas: such Iy the pleasant sido of the pictura of Cleero, whleh is conflrmed and approved by tha last of his blographors. Bl’ubllahed In New York by Uarper & 03, ISLAND LIFE, Mr. A. R Wallace, the celobrated English author and naturalist, who shures with Mr, Darwin the honor of originating the hypothe- ses of natural selectlon, has furnished i this elogant volume s valuable additlon to the literature of evolutiom, While 1t does not need the author’s udmlssion in his preface to make us percelye that it 18 a coutinuation or supplemont of the sawo line of researdh ay was enibodied In higmrovious work on *Tha Goographlcal Distributlon of Animals,” this volume s a complete nud Independent work tn Itsolf, nnel neads no acqualntance with the pravious writings of Mr. Wallace to muko it appreclated and understood. The subjects of which the book treats are well stated in it opening chapl P n have no extensivo knowledge of zoblo gy to be nware of the faunal and flora diifer- encesof the different portions of the globe, and only a very vagto and genernd idea of the leading selentific theorles of the day 1s needed to eonnect at once these varlatlons with the nottons of the erisin and evolution of specles. Not very many years ago, when the previlline doctring amengst natural- ists was Uhat of speeinl crentions, thls book could mot have been wrilten, ho Joeal pecullarities of insular forms of lifa would perhaps excita astonish- ment, hut nothing more, 8o lotr as the idea of specinl creatlons was dominant, But it was the observation of theseand similar facts thnt tirst lod men to-question eoncerning tho orlgin of specles; the evolutlon hypotheses were the nntural and necessary results of man's extended knowledge of nature. ILwny the study of the productions of theGalapagns and other islands vigited by him on the voy- fie of the Beagle that appear to have strong- 1y influenced My, Darwin to turning his re- senrehes Into the channel which resulted in his epoch-making * book, the *“Origln of Specles” s and 1L was Mr. Wallnee's own ex- plorations intothe natural history of the Matay Archipelngo that led him also to the Independent origination of the hypothesls of natural selection, In the present work, he has npolied these facts of zodlozleal nnd botanleal distribution to eertuin geological and geographleal facts and theorles, and from theso comparisons he deduees certaln conclusluns ns to the present and anclent conditions of our globe, The questions which this waork {son at- tempt to auswer ond how they ure met can- not be better stated than by a quotation from the author’s own summary. e says: “ I hope to be able to show that, although at first sieht somewhut fragmentary and disconnected, this work Is reully the devel- opment of a clear and definit_theory, nud its application (o the solution of & number of biologleal problems, ‘That theory s, briefly, that the distribution of the various speeies and groups of Ilving things over the enrth’s strface, and thelr aggregation fn definlt ns- sumblages In eertain” arens, are the direet result amd outcomu of a complex sel of euuses, which may be grou ped as *biological” and ‘physical’ "Iho biologienl canses are mainly of twe kinds: firstly, the constant tendeiey of all organisms to Inercase in' numbers and nccllp{ o wider area, and tholr virious powers of dispersion amd nlgration through which, when unchecked, they nre ennbled to sprend wlilely over the globes and, secondly, those lnws of evolution extluetion which determine the manner In which groups of orgunisms arlse and grow, rench thelr maxinum, and then dwindlo away, often breaking up into separate nor- tions, which long survive In very remote regions, ‘The physical eanses are also maln- Iy of two kinds, “We have, first, tho geo- graphical changes, which at one time isolate it whole fiuna and flor, ng another thne lead to thelr dispersal aud Intermixture with nd- Jacent fuunas and florag,~nul It was liere im- portant to ascertaln and define the vxnet naturs and extent af these changes, and to duterinine tho question of the gencral stabili- ty and instability of continents and oceans; I'the second place, it was essary to de termine the exaet nature, extent, and fre. queney of the changes of cliinate which have ovenrred iy varlous parts of the earth, be- eause Bueh elianges are amonyr - the most powerful agents in causing the dispersal and extinetion of plants and nnimals. Jence the fmportance attached to the question of gea- Ioglenl climates and their eauses, which have been hore investigated at some length with the id of thie most recent researches of geol- oglats, physicists, aud explorers, ‘Llhese varl- ous lmlulrlcs ledonto un Investigation. of tho modo of formation of strutitied deposits, with o view to fix within seme limits their probable nges and, also, to an estimate of the probable rute of development of the oreanie world: nud both these processes are shown to involve, in all_probability, periods of timo less vast than have generally been thought neeessary. The numerous fuets and theories established fn tho first part of the work ure then applied to explain the ple- nomenan presented by the tlorus and fanas of the chief islands of the wlobe, which nre clnssified, in necordance with thelr physieal origiy, In three groups’ or classes, each of which 18 shown "to eshibit certaln well- marked blological features”: < " 1t would be interesting to follow Mr. Wal- Inco through all tho deteils with which hie works out his argument, but wo will only notice n few of the more notable polnts and statements. And fivst of these we may men- tion tho permunence of the great land divls- fons of the globe, one of his fundamentil propositions for his theory, Itls, asho ad- mlts, contrary to 8 common bellof, and ong shared by eminent geologists up to o very reeent period, 1f not at the present thne, To neeept this view hers wdvocated is to over- turn completely somo of the, upparently, most natural inferences from the geologleal record, aud to put an altogether new tnter- pretition upon the facts, Mr, Wallace supports his opinlons with what uppear to he convinelng argwments, and, while querles muy suggest omselves to the reader, one does not fecl ready to deny the correctness of his conclusions ns n whole, ‘Thie ehapter contuining the remarks on this subject 15 ex- trenely suggestive In g ieologdeal point of view. The snbjeet Is, In fael, treated only suggestively, In ong sense, though tully Clmlll‘zh for ‘tho nuthor's purpose in this work, A second wolnt of interest In the first part of the volume 18 the discussion on the causes Wallnee,' nrehes o roll on this subleet, diftors from tho grent changes Dir, Jnmes him b attributing minte demnnded for such epochs maninly and primarlly to georraphical rather than to as- tronomical conditions, In this he agrees in the main with the views that have always been advoented by the first of living Amer- fean geologlsts, Trof, Dann, who mmy bo consldered to bo ane of the most prominent aml eonsistont advocates of this view, and who, It appears to us, though abundantly quoted and reforred to, senreely receives full recognitlon as such, Mr. Walleee, howeyer, nlso attributes a certaln part In the produe- ton of the great glacial period to the very high cecontricity of the earth's orbil of noont 200,000 years ngo, und, I fuet, ques- tlons whother ‘any such n t:‘lm:lnllon of tho northern hemisphere could have ever oc- crred without such eolncident astrononenl and geographical conditions us_then existed. Tt mity be of Intorest to somo of our readers I we explain that to this glweinl perlod nro referred the biue clays and il pan thint utulerlie the surfuce soll of nea (y the whole of Narthorn Liinois and the ad JolningStates, amd the trec-trunks, bits of woud, ete., that are nccns‘mmllymel: with in this formation, havo an antiguity, aceordlung to the most mod- oruto estimates, of something over 150,000 or 175000 yuars, This leads us naturatly to the next notahle featuro of this part of Mr. Wallneo's book,— hils discussion as to tho measurament of geo- Togiend time, 1o estimutesthat the vyolution theory demands a very mueh longer purtod for the origination and development of the eartiest known forms of 1ife than is required for tha development from those of the at lmmunt existing species down through wil the ormations of which wo have the paleonto- logieg) record. If now, wo adopt the ex- tremo, estimates of geolugleal thne, from thy so-called Azole perloil to the present, thut geologists huve commonly nssumed, we huve altogetiier & length of tue that physicists fiud it Impossiblo to neevpt s agreelig with tha condltions which it 15 known mnust have oxisted L the carlier axes of the world's his- tory. Mr. Walluce, thorefore, ecarofully re. visws the geologieal fucts “that “bear on this ~question, and, by n line of argument which the reader cun easily follaw and aceept, comes to thoscon- clusion * that the porlods allowed by physi- clsts are not nnly fur in excess of such asury required for geologienl nd organie chunge, but that they allow nmwls niargin for o lapse of thuo nuterlor to the deposlt of the earllest fossliferous rocks sovernl times longer thun tho thuo which hus elapsed shico thele de- posit to the present day,” Of course only \'crr goneral estimates ¢ny be mady of geo- logleal thne; o yery wide rango must bo ul- lowed between the Posslblu maxhwum and winhowm, and while our author _does not sinto his exact or wpproxlmute figures, it would appear from what ho does say that something betweon twenty and fifty or slxty millions of years would, I his oplulot, cover the whals perlod during which ‘all the ut present known fvasiliforons beds of our lobe wereibeing doposited. Compared with 0 hundreds ot millions ot yenss commonly spoken of us requived: for this deposition, this eertninly seoms u very moderute lgure. “I'he seconil part of tha” work, comprising mors than one-half of tho book, consists o tho discussion ot a_series ot trnluul insular {ul"mu ‘nnu llom%. ’]l‘ho nml;ur d '1‘“1"’1 lsl'.'undst uto two great clusses, ocoanie islauds o volcaulo or coralllne origin, usually fur o 1 mass, bl without any bind niamsmalia or amphibia, but with abund- sies of birds aml Inscets, and nsually witl sone lurtlh-m clnsy of Istands ay se rute and distinet was first noticed l-i'll.\r\\lu. who maintalned, tors onr author, that they nre purely oceanke, sl 1 fors part of any continent. “The only Lslamds re ognized fn this book s pussible or appnrent exeentions to this classliiention are New Zenlumt aml the Seyelielles, If the statement. of Jutes Mareon, that granit and gneiss oc- eur in the Marquiesas, 18 correct, then thesy Istunds ire nlso exeeptional, geolosleally 1f not biologienlly, to the zenceral ehuracter of oceanle fslands, ‘The statement 18 quoted in annther purt of the work, but they are not anywhers ¢lse noticed as hclnf: peeuiinr In this respeet, Contluental Islundy are, as might be inferreq, those which sharg the colodenl nnd faunal pecnlinrities of the nrizer Jand divisions, of whicli it 13 to bo pre il they hinve o \luruwclnmm and 10 whiels they ave generdlly connected by submarine bunks or shallows. They aro ngeain subdivided futo anedent and recent eons tinental fslands, according to thelr biologleal peenlarhiies, which are gencrally found to coinelly wilh certain |ih‘).~luul feutnres nlso erable «to thelr Insulnr peologleal nge. o types of this eluss heyy discussed are the 3ritlsh Istunds, which may be consldered ns among the st veeent, Borneo nnd Java, o1 Formosn, Celebes, —and W 7 Of oceante . lslnnds M, Y fukes the Azores, Ienmuda, the Galnpagos, St Helena, and the Sandwich Islands, nlt” typleally oceanie, but each with its ehnracteristic features that lend a speelal Interest to the study of its fuuna pad flora, We st refer the reider to the hook tsell for these interesting diseussions, We are not able to do them Justice inauy abstract that s practicable here, The work, 8 inlzht ho expeeted from Mr, Watlinee's reputation, is remarkably free from S of statement,, und the only ones we tive rather than posie I thelr charaeter, 1 the list of Britlsh g birds, arranged sccording to thelr Ton or geographical range, given on Si-a7, he mentions only slx as oceur- it North Amerler, whereas more than wice that nuber of those enunerated nra found within the territory of the United Stutes, several of thein betng very 3, Suel an error as this, howeves it Is the only very striking one we have ticed, 18 of cnmparatively minor importanc and, indeed, It searcely calls for nientlon here, OF tho work, ws u whole, Wo can_ say thnt wé have rirely seen ong that more r"”Y con- bines a popudar and entertaining style with a high order of sclentifie fnformation and discussion, It §s not n book that can br red without thought, but it is never wenrisome or fathguing, Wo commeml it withont re- serve, sl feel confident thut no one wilt re- gret its perusal, Published In New York by Harper & Bfif‘" CRITICAL STUDY OF SITAKSPEARE, We note In the firgt place that Mr, Dowden spells the nume of the Bard of Avon * Shnk- speare,”? although this 13 contrary to that adopled by the ently wilters, The * Varl- orum! edition of Shakspeare's works will, when completed, be the most comprehensive, thorough, scholarly, and exhaustive work ever attempted, or likely to bo attempted, with reference to the life und Iabors of the dramntist of the Elizabethan nge. Mr Dowden’s attempt 13 in a ditferent lne, and yet s nlso covered by the' thorough nature of Mr. Furness work, In the meantimo Mr. Dowden’s eritical study of Shakspenre's mind and art embodies the results obtuined by tho best students and Investigators, among whom this author hitmself stands in, the first rank. Ile conhcets the study of Shakspeare's works with an Inquliry after the personality of the writer, and traces the de- velopment nud growth of his intellect and character, *It 18 n real apprehension of Shakspeare’s eharacter and genius which Is destred, but not such an upprehiension as mere observation of theexternuls of the man, of hiy life, or of his puctry would be likely to vroduce. Lwish rather,” he says, * to atfaln to some central prinelples of Mfe ln him which anitate nml control the rest, for such there ura tant In cvery man whose life Is life In anyitruesenseof the word, and not u mere affair of chance, of impulse, of moods, aud of aceldents.” dr. Dowden rojeets Paing's coneeption of Shakspeure's charactor. Mr. While's conception of the poet seems to us butter than that substituted by My, Dowden, In Shakspeare's enrfler writings ho s ut thes elever and Intelleetunl, and again tender and enthusiastie, In his later style, “imaginution and thought, wisdom and mirth and ehurity, exveriency and sur- mise, play into und “‘through one another until frequently the slenitieance of o passago Decomes obseured by ts munlfold vitahty.” We have mnot the space in which "to follow ~eut Mr. Dowden’s book ns minutely us lts careful, palnstaking elaboration would warrant, ‘Tho mnss o Shakspearean lilerature now extant Is enor- mons, the greater purt of It the produet of tho tast century. 1o s, Indeed, o bold mun who nssumes that he can andd “anything 1o whnt hias already been sald, or present o new view of whist hus been so fully and ex fyely treated, Espeelally Is this true whero o arlginal mnterial §s so compaeatively - ited und all theories are to ba woven from tho works of the man himself, Shukspearean sehotars will weleomo Mr. Dowden's work, althongh thoy will take issue with bhim_on many of his nssertions, 1t s a stngular fact that the great poet should have so lved by himself wpparently as not o be affeeted by the condition and misfortunes of those about Dims nor did he [eave apy traco upon the po- 1itienl or socinl lifo of his cra. Why these two fets were 5o i3 not answered ‘by Mr, . Awmong his contemporaries wero tatrious men as Halelzh, Spenser, Ba- con,Coke, nnd Drake,—yet thore isnoevidence that he know any of them, or, in fact, any other of the stutesmen, schuls\rs. or arthsts of his time. Another point on which Mr, Dowden will bo taken to tagk 18 his disposi- tlon to make Shakspeare’s historical charac- ters portraits of the orlginals. This Is not generally necepted as having been the dramatist's intention, nor would it bo possl- e, i history is to bo nceopted ns a fulthtul portrait-gallery of It chlel nctors, Just us tho poet nyvailed himselt freoly of the Tangnage of the chronleler to whom lio went fur hls fucldents,—but transformed the proso mto lmperlshable nuulrr.—su wid he troat the historienl charactors Introduced Into — his uys, and, While preserving the spirit and l;fl“l,‘l‘lll tralts of the eharacier depleted, the hody, the physical man, [s n ereation of the drnmatist, ‘Lhis is at least generally true, s, for _instanee,, in the eaneeps md of Tenry V., Edward T Itichard 111, "silulm|wqru'nchlutcxculfelwu is in the uul(i' and consistent uetlon of hls chupneters. 1T gave each one un individusl soul; thoy spenk thelr own thouglhits wml feelings, wob his” Dr, Dowdoen, at any rate, gives us the Intest word, Published In New York by Harper & Bros, — CERVANTLS, The latest volume in tho serles entitled % Forelgn Ctasstes for English Readers” is o blography of the nuthor of * Dou Quixote,” by Mrs, Oliphant. Dante sums up all Italy to the distant lovker-on, and fn the oplnion of the writer Cervanies is tho one great rep- resentatlve of Spain. 1l {8 not so much o dominating menfus in his country,” she says, *ns an Imper- sonation of the country ltself, tho nuture and humors and tempernment, tho wisdom and the follles, the genial, homely wit, and the high-flown senthaent of it, at evory point vovetntlon,” 1lo was 4 brave, laborlon: penniless, nuugxllmf. noble, lowly Castilinn gentloman, whose own lifs is a farsudder eplo than that of Don Quixote, and who has almost as good n right Iy his own ‘wrsml ns in his chief creation to be called the st of tho Knights-errunt, Mrs, ()“!Ihl\ll('fi boolk is reanduble, even If wo may feel inclined to think that Tope to Vega 13 entitled toequal Herary rank with Cervantes, Many others have written lives of tho Spanish- author, notably’ Nuvirrete, Jtoscoe, Mot- teux, Lueklmr and Chasles. ‘I'llo present welter turnishes all thot most readers would eary Lo read, even about o distinzulshed s author, mnd, clearly written and carefuily prepared, the volume may bo commended a8 1 gootl exponent of the sories, Published I Philadelphia by J. B, Lippin- cott & Co, WIIAT GIRLS CAN DO. ‘This 13 a practical work written for moth- ers und danghters by Phillls Browne, author of “A Year's Coukery,” It Is a conselons tious endeavor to show both utothers and daughters some of the directlons fn which glrls who do not need to work for a llvelis hood may do good servico for others, and engage In vleasurable work on thelr own account, ‘The voluiae 1s divided lntothroe 84, and -but abonnds in sugzestive points an Work for Duty; Work for Pleas- and Work for Neeessity, Under the first head comes domestic work, house- hold work, Ianndry work, enokery, ete.: un- der tha seeond, patnting on ehing, reading, gardeniug, Blumination, keeping {mullry. mmine and Immh?: work for baza ¢ and under the thir luly doctors, nurses, ete, prehensive and admimbly wiltte 3 no doubt that the writer does na erate when she sn, that hindreds of gitls at the present time. ity ryined st l|? for the wand of “some- thing’ to de”” 'They have not Leen put 1o mlf’l iing by their friendy, and they hava not sufficient enerey and detennination to make n beginning for themselves, mwl so their 1lves are wasted, **‘Thers 13 something for overy one to do, and cach one hay to find out what ler particular work is."” ‘The bnok de- surves carcful reading and wide circulation. ——— THE APPELLATE COURT REPORTS. ‘The seventh volume of Bradwell’s ‘Aunpel- Inte Court lteports containg all the remaln- ftyg oplnfons of the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Distriets up to Jan, 27, 1850 The volume lns over 500 pasges, and” among the cases reported tn this number ure Beverldge vs. Chieago West Purk Commissioners, Chi- cawo vs, Garrity, and _Follansbee va.: Scot- 1ish - Amertean Mortzage Company. ‘The reports of the Tirst Dis- trlet occupy about 230 pages. Should the bill now pending in the Legisiature be- come u Juw, aud the Judges be obllzed o write oplulons in all eases ‘dechted, whether aflirmed or roversed, the volumes will bo much more Impor(ant and comprehensive than they arc now, As It is, they nre admira- bly manitfactared, leaving nothlng to be de- stred in thut respe TIEOLOGICAT, Sermon-hooks are usually n drug In the market, and when purchased they are selilom read. ‘I'lie sermons of the lato F. W. Rob- ertson, of the Church of England, are ex- ceptionnlly interesting, Ile wus scholarly, eminently thoughtful and original, and pren- larly striking in statement, style, and filus- tration, A fifth series of his sermons has just appeared In thig country. The Ilarpers are the publishers, "Ilhiess discourses seem to have been fuller in the dellvery than ng they ure published from theantograph notes, There nro thivty-two of them, *The title of thevolume 18, **'I'he Human Race, nnd Other Sermons.” ‘The following are o few of the subjects: “The Iuman Ruce Typified by the Man of Sorrows’; *Nutional Iiduea- tion—Character of Moses'; *"Tears of sus 3 “'The Progress of Itevelation”'5 *The Light of the World”; *Rizhteonsness" Not a discourse in this volume of 216 pues Py suges, Those who e rened any of the ane thor's sermons formerly published need only be told th c.are like those, We predict that this ** sermon-book” will be read, us It ought to be. —An_cloquent oratlon, with the - title of « Jahn Wyellff and the Flrst Enzlish Bible,” wits_delivered by Riehurd 8. Storrs, D. Dy, LL.D., ut tho request of tho Dowrd of Man- ugers of the Ameriean Iible Soclety, in the Academy of Musie, New York, on the even- ing of Dee, 2, 1 e diseourse is largely historlenl, No one ean rewl It without be- ing impressed with the apostelle bolduess of Jotim Wyelitte, and realizine the import of his zreat services fu the cause of Ch tian llberty us one of the chiet * reformers before the reformation.” Ilis great work wag done more by his translation of the Seriptures tan by his preaching, 1le led the way in bringing forth the Biblo from the clolster and placinge it o the hands of the common people. ‘The noble discourse of Dr, Storrs hny been published by A, D, Randolf, of New York, RV P T'OETICAL ASTRONOMY. The *Toetry of Astronomy” 1s the Intest Yook Issued from the fertile pen of R A. T'roctor. It does not appdor to merlt the peeuliar title, any smore than several of hls other works, and goes over n great deal of ground that he hnd alvendy covered, But it ulso contains some new views, the results of wore matured thought than that which dle= tated his eartler essays. The book treats chietly of plinses in the earller history, the formatlon -petio rth, sun, und moon, and diseussing the Fus and philoso- l:h'uk present or recent chunges in those odies, - Probably the “most interestime part of tho work 13 the Iatter, In which reeent bi- vestlzntlons nve passed I review as alds In enabling us to obtain a correet ides of the aychltecture of the universe. d, " t. MAGAZINES. Aaemillaw’s Magazlue for February hos e following table of contents: * The Por- tralt of a Lady,” by Henry Jumes, Jr., Clup- ters XIX.—XX. ; “Itlenne Dolet,” by Georgo Safutshury; * Athletics and Edueation,” by, lely Hutehinson Almond; * Chrlstmas and Ancestor Worship in tho Blnck Mountain,” by ArthurJ, Bvans, Part IL; % Mr, Frank Buckland,” by Spencer Walpol * Rugby. Tenn,” by Thomns Hughes, Q. C.i** ¢ The ?atthe Lycewm,” by Lady Pollock; “ho Preventlon of Floods,” by Urquhuit A, Forbes. —\We have recclved ndvance sheets of the Internatlunal Revlew for Marel. Its artl- clesare: “'Fhe Sotld South,” by Edward Atkingon; * Modern Publie Debts,” by Henry C. Adams; *The Sclentitie Relations of Mod- ern Mirncles,” by William A, Iumimond; “Treland,” 11, by Leonnrd Courtuey; *T'he Irish Land Question,” by Justin MeCarthy; “The Early Days of Fe y Henry Cabol Loule; “Jacques Offenbach,” by Willinm 1% Aupthorp, In his artiele, Mr, MeCarthy hos this to say of the way In which landlords in the Emerall Isle make excuses for raislug the rent: L have heard of enses, und casws certainly true, In Which o man's” putting n few flowers In his window—a raro adorn- ment nmong the Irish peasant &lass—hns brought the agent round to tell him that, s ho can afford to grow ornnmental flowers, Lie can afford to pay his lnndlord o higher rent, 1 have heard of ncaso In which the fact that n man's dawghter went to chapel on tho Sunday with n string of glass beads— value perhaps n few cents—round her neck, brought him n visic from the agent and tha assuraneo that, a8 his daughtor conld put on arnnments, he could well afford to pay more rent to his landlord.” In Dr, Hnmmony's nrticle lio tells o story, among others, of o patlent of Nis own, “a duvout Romun Catholie, who was confident sho could Lo cured_by n pllgrimage to Lourdes, where- upon he gave her Lourdes water, ealing 1t Croton, which did her no good, and followed it with Croton wator, eatling 1t Lourdes, which really did cure her.” —Iuthe Fehrlmrf numberof the Forinight- Iy Revlew the leadingartiele is by A, C, Swin- Durne, antt i entitled “Teénnyson and Musset.” 1lis conclusion a8 to Geargo Sand it Musset Is, **that probably he did not be- Dave like o lady, but certalily sho did nob behave Hko n fmulumnn." Other artleles 1 Politleal Difforentintion,” by Herbert Iteform in Parlismontary Busle by Willlam Rathbone, M. B3+ Léoney do Lavergne,” by T, B, G Lestio: @ Sl Farmers In Ba Webst 2 hwostern Franee,” ho Went- ‘'ho Dwellings of the Poor It Hrand, M. I 3 Policy,” by Prof. Deesly: *'ThoTragle Comedings,” Chupters X1L=XV." by George Meredith. —Harnes’ Educational Mnnmli/ for Toh- ruary, among othors, hns an urtlels by Prof, Matthows on * The Differenco Hetweon Shatl and Will Other m\)hrs discussed are: » Reading Alowd,” by Rlchard Grant White; s Penching n ChIMT to Read,” by S. As Ander gong * Practient Talks with Tenchions” s WA Lesson In Carbone DI-OXide.! by 11, K, Cal- l\;urt; “ Playing School,” by Mrs. G, L Hop- ns. —2 L)lrlmu’ Journal for March gives n varled bl of fare, In **Adventures In Uatas gonln 7 wo have & paper giving s monber of graphic deseriptions of ostrich-untime, deor- huntiug, pumu-shootiug, and othier nomdie udventures bn that fut-otf land, ‘Thoe hanters wore three English genttemon wud Lidy Florenva Dixie, the urticls heing bused on Lady DIxle’s work deserlblug tho Juunmi‘. seoteh Orthodoxy und ModernThought " Is o review of * Svotel Sermons.”’ | A prper on- titled **Some of Sintkspeare’s Female Char- acters” has fresh interest, It ouly from the fuct that it comes from the pen ot the once famous Engllsh actress, Helens Fauclt, now wife of Sir 'Theadors Murting wuthor of tho s Lifs of the Prince Cousort,” ‘Chon we have papers on “Tonnyson’s New Drawi” on “Georgo Ellot? on_ *'The Uriterion of Poc- {r)'." uuld ll)ll;lb;om“bllufill‘ Z\Lai‘»il‘sl»l'l' ’l‘hum‘ 3 an original story by Hurnet Phillips, an we concluslun “of Erckimonn-Chatrlan’s * Veternn’s of Yestorday,” ‘The editor has soveral papers, lneluding a diseussion of the | Shakspenre and Bacon “question, with somo fresh suggestions an the tople, and a whole- silo assault on the theory that women have superlor intuitions to men. —The Quarterly Revicw and the Edin- It Revlew come to us with the Imprint of Ttonghton, Mifilln & Co, on their covers. These magazines are mu»llqhevl 1n Amerlea by Bpeelal arrengements with the British pub- HRhers, and printed rom the same plates as the Dritish editlons, Each magazine has n review “Endymion 3 also, of dif- ferent works on the Irish question, —'The Southern Plunter und Farmer, dis- cusses many Yuestlons of kterest 1o those engaged In Agvlculture, Horticulture, ete., not anly in the Southern States, but slse- where; and glves u great deal of valunblg information us to tha actual condiuon of Southern farming intercsts, The Nineteenth Century for February has one article llkely to uterest Amerlmunfo ers by the arl of Airlie, entitled * 'The United States nsn Field for Agriewitural Settlers”” 1113 conelugion Is that in ev part of North America be believes that © klish nud Scoteh settlers are very populars ¢is no jealonsy of them; but they nro cleomed a8 men who are ltkely tonake aond citizens, nnd to develop the résourees of the country,” Other articl nnktsin® by the Dean of St ‘I'rangvaal,” by the itt, 1on, S * Colliery Explosions,” vale and Col, Shakespear: of tha_Laud Mouopoly,” Blandford: ** La The Breaking Up ) sehefoticandd, 1o Int S, Dallass *“I'y_hilu: 3’1.! eraliss” by Robert Wallnce ehin Charltles,” by the Rov, It 10, et A Jewish View of the Anti-Jowlsh Aritation,” by Luclen Waolf: * [reland *— (1) ' Emizration,’ by J, I Tuke,—(2) “ Ab- g}}l::aor lLuu(d'l)unlnl'l‘ hylll;ul IILP l;m.’lmrd Mantengle,—1) **The lrish Police,” Jenry A, Blake, g —Tlie flrst article In the Catholic World for Mureh I3 by Gen, I1 Cesnola, and is en- e * Obelisks and the New York Obelisk.,” Why the author should uss pounds fnstead of dollars In an_Amerfean magazine, when tlkine to Ameriean readers nbout the cost of their obelisk, is inexplicable, It Jooks very muel like u pi of snobblsh affetta- Other articles wra: A New Irish L by Alfred M. Willlams; “Some Re- Views nlmn Mind,” by Corneilus M. O'Leary, M. D, LL.D.; *The Religions Aspeetof Heraldry,” by Monslznor Seton, i “Iovelatlons of Divine Love,” by the Rev. Alfred Young: A of Cnlture,” chinpters XIL—X1V,, by albot Smith; *Petrarch Canon of ' by M. P Thompson; * Blunders of Dr, Ewer, by the Rev, George M. Searle; ;"l {l‘g"\l\l'mllg (‘yr U|u‘{\‘(:]l|clll‘sl|{!c."'(((“ulltilm.llml), hy am Seton; *Tha Life of Chirisl . Ly the Rev. A, I Hewit. 5Ly —» Six Months In a Country House in Rtus. sin,” by Alaln Gore, In the Mureh number of Lipphucott’s Mugazine, gives an ericnce sutch ns very few Ameriean tm ever had the gnod fortune to enjoy 0 artlele on **The Diamond-Mines™ of South Atviea,” by E, 13, Bigizar, brings down the history of these renarkable discoverles to n recent date, and deplets, with the aid of i1~ Iustrations, the present mode of working the mines, the uspect of the settlements, unfi tho mixer chiracter of the popitiations ** Monse- Tlunting,” also fllustrited, s o vivaelous ac- count of the sport as practiced n Noy: thm, ** My China Boys,” iy Fanny Ste: £on, presents sote type of Chinese character not fumtliar to mere ciasnil observers, Plicbo 1. Natt gives s aceonnt of " 'The Puris Art- Sehoois,” Dr. Charles W, Dulles discusses the * Physteal Uses of Paln,” and Chinrles Burr Podd describes ** The American News- e an underground prison s Connectl- eut, onee fan but now kuown only to the loeal antlquary, * Litith 15 coneluded [ this numbey, ‘Thers are two splrited short storles,—* The Kid,” und * A Law of Nut- ure,"—and neapital sequel to the Shaks: meris\n burlesque,* Place Aux Dames,” w was published in Lippineott’s some years agn, and which hns since been in siendy demuil for private theatrienls, —The Atlantle Monthly for Mareh has Ine lments of the serind storles by Ellzabeth t Phelps nud enry Jamies, Jr. Der- haps the most noteworthy paper in the numn- Der, nnd one that ought to be remd by every ool Ameriemt eitizen, Is the “Story of Great Monopoly,” by IL. D, Lioyd, which lves an account of the orlgin wud growth of The Stundard Ofl Company,” revealing the steps by which, from inslanificant hegine NINER, & power hins been grasped whic! able to purchase Legislutures and Courts, and scoms nlinost ‘equul to defylng tha aue thority of the Governient, ‘Thewriter says, among other things: **Very few of the 40+ 000,000 of peaple in the United States who burn kerosene know that its production, wmanufacture, and export, its price at home und abroad, have been controlled for yearsby a single corporation,—the Standard Ol Com- lumy. ‘This Company bepan in a partnership, 110 early years ol thy Civil War, between flaxm‘m el John S (TPoem), W Andrews and Rockefeller Clevelnnd, Roekefeller had been o book- per in some fnterlor town in Ohlo, and afterwards made a fow thousand dollars y keeping a flonr store In Clovelund, An- drews had been n day=Iaborer In refinerles, and 50 poor that his wite took in sewing, Ie found & way of refinlng by avhich more kers osene could be got out ot u barrel of petro- lenitn than by any other method, and set up for kmself in Clevelund, by which he cleared 3, ix wonths, Andrews’ still and Rock- vings have grown into the Stand- ard O Company. 1t lins u eapital, nominal- 1y 83,500,000, bui really much more, on which it divides amons Its stockholders overy year mtitions of deilirs of profits, It hus refln- orles at Cloveland, Balthmore, and New York, Tts own acld works, gluo factorles, hardwara s, and harrel shops supply itwith all the ceessorles it needs fn its “business. It hag hought fand at Indianapolis on which to | orect the largest bavrel factory in the couns try. It has drawn fts chuek for $1,000,000 10 suppress a vival, It buys 30,000 to 40,000 Darrels of erudeoil o |[y, at o prico fixed by tself, and makes speeind contracts with the Taliroads for the transportation of 114,000,000 10 14,000,000 harrels of ol a year. The four quarters of the globe are parfitioned awmong thy members of the Stundard comblnationd. Oue hus the control of the Ching trade; an- other that of some _country of Europe; ans othier that of the United States, In Now Yurk you cannot buy oll for Enst Indlan ex- port front the hiouso that has been glven the l-:uru peant trades reeiprocally, the * Eust In- dian house 13 not allowed to sell for export to Burope, The Standard produces only ane-iftlgth or sixtieth of our lmtmlunm. buk dletates™the price of all, and refines nine- tenths. Cirenlars are fssued atintervals by which the price of oil is fixed forallthe cltics of the country, excopt. Now Yurk, whero o Tittle competitfon survives, Such I8 the Ins differenca of the Standard Ol Company to allropd-charges that the price s mude the suime for pululuu’mrukm‘t a3 Terre Houte, Chicago, und Keokuk, . ‘This corporation driven into bank- ruptey,. or ont ol business, or into_uulon with itself, all tho petrolewn re- finerles of the country, except five in New York, amd n fow of In_llucouscq\wnculn vestern Pennsylvania, Nobody knows how many millions Roek or 13 worth, Current fn among his business-uequaintances jn Cleveland puts his Incomu lust year atu figuva secoid anlyy I second at all, to that of Vanderbilt, His partner, Swmuel Andrews, the poor Engllsh day-labover, retived years neo with milifons, dust who the Standard OIl Company are, exnctly what thelr eapital is, and what are tholr relations to the rail roadls, nobody Kuows except in part, Thelr ofileors refused to testity before the Supremo Court of Pennsyivaniu, the lute New York Tullroad Investlsnting Commitiee, and n camuitico of Congress, 10 New York Committeo found thers was nothing to bo Tearned from them, uwd was compelled to confess Mt Inability to aseertain ns much ag it desited to kuow “of thls mysterlous or- ganlzation, whose business and transactions wre of sueh o charaeer it 1ts members do- elined givimg n history ordescription, lest uualr Ifislhlmny Do used to convict them of erime, —The Penn Monthly for February has tho blv of contents: **'The Persecus ¢ 'Jows in (h»x;mnu)'l" by Mayer Bulzborger; Scenes of Youthy? by Tdwin Lur: Palissy,” by Willlun dy Benuvoir l»‘r{u'. “ Plorre Lunfroy, thy ‘iographer of Nupolean s * A Great ook and”1ts Aughor,” by Prof, Robert Ellls Thompson; *Geology, o3 Roluted to Agrk culture,” by Prof, ¥, 1% Lesloy. hay LITERARY NOTES! The manuseript of Dickens' ** Christmag Carol” Iy offered for salo In Loudon for 1,600, —A now novel by Mr. Wilkio Collius will appearabout the end of Murch, 1t 1s entitled Lo Bluck Robe,” —r, Walter Ryo believes that Chancer's grandfather wus numed Robert aud not Riche ard le Chaucer (or Robert the Bhoomaker). -Col, Lucius . Northrop, formerly Coin missavy-Goneral of the Confoderute Army, la propariug a reply to the strictures of Gony : e i