Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 25, 1880, Page 9

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TIE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: TL. ‘POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, FOR JANUARY. CONTENTS? Mit DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL tNsTITD- st Hy Horbert Spencer, Il. Potltieal Ine ention PUYSICAL EDUCATION, By Follx 1a Oswatd, M10, Diet. BATH. By Prof, John Tyndall, FAS, IL, MESTIC MOTORS. Hy Charles M.Lungcen. th, Steam and flot-Alr Hugin Inateated.) MIE ANVANTAGKS OF IGNUILANCE. Ry Prof. F. W, Clarke, ESUETIC Hen. A AJABASESH: TY TIOON, holt, Uiuxteated.) RTIFICIAL HYPNOTIOM, My Dr, Ht Hetdenhiatn. EXAMINATION OF THERMOMETERS Ait THE YALE ONSERVATOIY, By Dr, Leonard Waldo, Alusteated.) 2 JNMGESTION AS A CAUSE OF NERVOUS DE PRESSION, Nyt. Lauder Brunton, M.D, FS, A EVOLUTION 1N MAN, By Prof. Grant Ny Prof. "1, C. Mandene LANTS OF FRENCH GUIANA, By Dr J, . uetrated.) CORRECTED. By Terbert Spencer. . LUBROCK ON INSECT CONSERVATISM, ISTINCTIONS HETWHEN REAL AND APPA+ RENT DEATIL By Dr, Witla Braver. NUH OF GENERAL ALBEIUY J.MYER. (With Durtralley FUTONS TABLE: LITERARY NOTICES; POWU- LAM MISCELLANY, NOTES, 60 cts. per numbers 8G per anoum D. APPLETON & CO,, Publishers, 1,3, and 5 Bond-at., New York. MUSICAL CHRISTMAS GIFTS! Most acceptable gifts to players or singers will be the following elegantly bound books, ‘Any one mailed, post-free, for the price here mentioned, ROBERT VRANZS SONG ALBUM. GEMS OF ENGLISH SONG, HOME CUIRC Three volumes, WORLD OF SONG. PIANO AT MOET. 4-hand collectton. SHOWER OF PEARLS, Vocal Ducts, CREME DE LA CREME, a Vols, OYERATIC PEARLS, GEMS OF STRAUS CEMS OF THE CLUSTER OF GEMS, INE OF SONG. Eagt of the above in Cloth $2.50; Fine Gilt, $3+ STUDENT'S LIFE IN SONG, 81.50. CURIOSITIES OF IIUSIC. 81.50. Bi OVEN. A Romance by Raw. $1.50, RHYMES AND TUNES, Chrlatmas Offeriag. $1.50. . SULLIVAN'S VOCAL ALMUM. 81.50, FAIRY WINGHIRS. For Plano. 81.50, LYON & HEALY, Chicago, Ill. OLIVER DITSON & CO., Boston. CANADA. cont of Its Government—Ita Debt and Expenses—Trade and Stugnation. Hy Guth, In Canada, meantime, the common sense of the native people begins to murmur above the prefudices of the Engilsh aud Court class, Potatoes and barley, and eka lumber and mutton commence to exclaim, lke hu- man beings: “Why aro we shut from tho markets of fifty millions of our nelglbors, who possess nll the short cuts and fncllittes of tho Continent, and are draining usof three times our annual emigration every year, to depend Insteud on tho son-In-low of tho Queen, whose wife despises us and our coun- try; whereas we are in Montreal, only twen- tyfour Hours from Washington City, the seat of the Imperlal legisiation of “the Contl. nent, and twelve hours from Now, York, the seat of North American financial power.” ‘The Administration of Lord Jorna has been the disillusionizing of Canada, having been of no effect, social or pliygtenl, and tho bullding of the Canada Paeitie Railroad eins to show itself a sham, commanding neithor credit nor ereduilty., Canada, ko our Southorn States, hag Been flanked by Amerleun railroads, built. In tho parlod of politteal separation from us. Fotr years of Buch separation drew the topographical lines | of trafic ns distiuctly around the South as if alake or gulf of water hnd been there; arn Texas derived her growth in great part from her Isolation from hor own section, so that at tho resumption of pollticat relations with us, railroad and town buililing at once proceeded as in our Western States. Canada lias no autonomy by nature except the St. Lawronea bystem, which is frozen half the year, ‘The Mexican raids on Canada, poetical re- turns for the Jeff ‘Thompson raids on us dure ing secession, cost Canada relntively more in seourity and self-possession than the whole rebellion cost us, Canada has as expensive & Goverment as ours, for one-thirteenth the number of our people, Her Viceroy, Lorne, gets the same salary as our President, Her military commander gets $6,500 and quarters, about equal to Gen, Sherman's pay. Canada jins thirteen in her Cabinet, and we have only seven; and all her thirteen fire as well paid as ours, or from $7,200 to $3,200 apiece. dler six Suprome Judges aro bald Ike ours, Canada is older in settle. Ment thin our Stes. She has a Senate just Rbout the sizo of ours, or soventy-seven Senators, and nearly ns lnrge a Lower tlouse, But her Canttal in tho woods 8.0 village of 20,000 people, Her public expenditures In 1876 were nearly $25,000.00), for n population Nttle larger thin the State of Ohlo, and sha had adebt of $115,000,000, or $0 per capita, Besides, the different Provinces of Canada havo to submit to Provincial or State Gov- ernmenta, generally more extravagailt than ours, ‘Tho Licutenant-Governor of Ontario gets $10,000 n year, ond ling a Cablict or ‘ouncil of six men, pald $3,200 a yenr aplece, mmaklug the Executive cost $80,000 i seurs- whereas Ohlo, more than double Ontario's Woputatlon, costs Tor hor Executive all told 10,000, 1 belleve tho Judicial system of this one Canadian State costs nearly $70,000, and the same extravagance 13 repented In the smaller Canadian Stites, ‘The Governor of poor litle Manitoba gets $10,000 n year, ‘The Governor of Newfoundland gets $12,000, and las a Council costing about $15,000 nore, Since writing toe above L find that the fundet debt of Canada Inst your Was $130,- 6w,000, haying jumped wp $80,000,000 In tha Past twelve years, ‘Lhe expenditures aro $140,000.00 a year, and thoy make tho Post-Ollleo a soures of surplus, ‘Thay Sell ug to the nmount of $25,000,000 B ar ar $20,000,000 — less they sell England, and Hiiport from us $11,000,000 More thnn they take from England, All the savinus banks tn Canada have less money in them than the State of Couneeticut. Can- da has nearly $30,000,000 of paper currency, , Mexico hag $7,600,000." If Cannds was wider ho Government of tie United States, hor seaconst would beeomo — apriukled with Atnerioan summer villas; her sea-faring pop- Ulation would take the pluce of ours that Hus kone intands and Montren, Quebec, and To- Tonto would, become Jirst-cluss Republican cities, Provinelillsm and fiinkylsm would Fel scant favors from nature fn that great elon, ‘The population of Canada fs only that of he American Colonies at the Revolution, When Canada has nearly a hundred thousand Population, ‘Tho worst wound Canada ever feel ed passed throagh the body of Richard Montgomery, at Quebee, whiel separated anula from her Continental relations, Hather war between tis country and Ene Bland will start more of Canada’s: centering capital toward the United States than now feks ceoupation In Chicago, Butfale, and in York. ‘here are three Canadian banks NW New York Clty. Leaving New York at Siusct ln the evening, the Cinudlan reaches Ontreal for B o'clock breakfast. Quebec is q Sout the same distance fron Boston, bit br Canadian Ratlroad requires nearly twen- Y hours to make the Journey. Americans Cee aguorally adverse to the annexation of pauada, whieh ke@ps one of our cold front. ers free of expense ta us; but the owners of Soafntnes In Nova Scotia and the farmers Me Canada West, whose sheep are the best : inter mutton we ean get, must regard It as Terpensive sentiment, like the Slamese pels navel, which unites them to England, ustead of having been separately tied up With a neat Hutte bellyband originally, ~- + pike Turks hate John Bull, but they ike Dr, fa, gout byrup us the lyst remedy they we were grown up we would marry and set to work to explore ull the LITERATURE. the silver basin, the vast tre h n hy Dental, then Henuttte pul: wine So, nceordling to. the A tle rnditlany H : ehre, and lastly Troy; nay, we could ne hens was bu! @ Pelusginns, nnd was Sohliomann's Ilios—-A Great Archo- putin plenaiter than iG suet atlour yes Munited to the final ron it fap Acrapolls, a k—Hi 5 in digiing for tho relies af the past.” Ap- | whose platean 1s of oval form, 90 Tect long ological Work—Hissarlik and MIently Kina did not continue ateadénce | anttadd feet broad nt its brondest party but Homer's Troy. at en Pe Dr, Sehifemann was a hard worker. studied and innstere fi Dutch, Spanish, Portuue Jatin, and Gree Unbeaten Tracks In Japan—A Plucky Woman on Her Travels—Duffy's of Ankershazen; excavating the golden otitis purpose, for she married some one Engtish, Frenehy, ty Devan, Husstate, Belng iy California when thot State was annexed to the United States, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1880—-SIXTEEN PAGES. 9. wards the size of all the prehistoric wat that they were but very small, can hardly: too much contract our he dimensions of these primevat then my: r In fact, w ideas of, ures it was qyueh smaller still until Cimon ene larger It by: bubllinng the wall om its eastern declivity, and tevellng the slope within by means of débris. “According to Thucydides, Athens was enlarged by the enalescene the Atte demi there effected by Theseus. Tn like manner Athens, Thebes, Myeeni, and all Io Northern and most uneull the Einptre was not made without experlenc- dig niuny discomforts, The Inns were dirty, necommodations prhnittve, absolute privacy at any thine unattalnable, the roads rougii, the food often unpalatable and of questionn- ble origin. been before, the seenery was wild and grand, and the peopla of the North, in nppearatrce, tingners, and customs, entirely diferent from the inhabitants of the Southern islands, and mJration or wonder at all she beheld she tins { Sheil was in Government harness, 9 mild tried to be fair and Just. expectations tobe fulfilled, and was not con- dent to’examine only the usual ‘show’? jaces, She had no grand | and humble follower of those whom O'Con- nell denominated the “base, brutal, and bloody Whigs"; Woulfe had accepted office, so had Ball. The Catholic gentry, always the most unpatriotic elnss in Ireland, whom O'Connell had made ellgible to office, de- serted him one by one, ‘They pretended to regard his denunciations of personal and po- litical enemies with horror, Their sons wera for the most part educated In the Catholic schools of Englund, principally at Stoney- hurst. ‘They returned to Iretand with the Iler journey of 1,400 miles In the tivated portion of But she went where none had he beenmo an Amerlenr citizen, In 1sut'5, | the other citles whose nines are of the plural | rently almost a: strange and unknown Iden that O'Connell was no better than # Young Ireland. while on the yoynge fron Jeddo to San | form, were probably at first Untied to thelr) race. ‘The Japanese she describes as sinall, | brawling ’Squire,—that it was undignitied : Fae ee id ET nd ee ee eee ea ian sine been | faatahonidenal coneavesrieated: poor: | att wngentiemonty to be assosiated In the % the subject being “China and Japan. 3] inthe slngniary but the el paving been | rounds ered, Cl ested a sat’ aie ae They we ce: first visit to (tinea 1 HOMES. itt Troy entariedy the: fecelved the plural name, tho | looking beings.’ nud "though the women,” Femotest way with him. ‘They wero thor was inade In 1Gs—"0,. who as: the Noner! published 4 thorities—such Braun, and agreed with him, published his s the BP s pineed elf In opposition to nul xeholars by locating the Koval ‘Tom Mycenw inthe Acropolls Itself. Goethe's Mother—Schiller and Wis Times —Bradstrel—The Radical Club of Boston—Testimony of Ages, ‘oy wis Maclaren in ie ny George Gustay vou Eekenls Tn 1863 Dr. Sell entitted 4 x Holiday .Works—Notes on New Books —Magazines—Literary Notes— Books Received—Art Le began exenvations at Iissurlik Oc! 1871, with elghty workmen, a force Iner Notes. to 150 in subsequent years at a daily cost of over 880, In 1873 he unearthed the temple . of Minn uate ariel A she and fapor- Anee surpassed all others In Novi LITERATURE, i The next iscovery was that. of a house TLIO. eleht or ule ehambers, also many human We may be mistaken, but it Is our belief that tis Inst work of the indefalizably ex- plorer of ‘Trojan ruins will be bought by many, but thoroughly read by few,—not that itis uninteresting, but because It 1s go filled with detatls the value of which only a selon tiie man can understand and appreciate properly, It 1s 2 monumentof patient labor, acomplete eyelopwdia of all that Is \known or even surmised In regard to the ‘Troy of which Homer sung. ‘The aulet, persevering toll and the faithful researches of its author —so evident on every page—aive plausibility to his arguments and credibility to his) evi- dence. But, afterall, the Jayman fs per- plexed by the suppositions and inferentint nature of Its theories, to which n selentist. is aceustomed. That It is a book of wonderful revelations {s undoubtedly true, and ‘this Js none the less true even If we fall to bo convinced by ft elther that such n city as Troy ever existed orthat Dr. Sehiiemann has netuatly found fig ruins, if tpi exist. Its real value and its proper place In the Ht- erature of the “day is asa contribution to historipal and = archeological Information. And In this respect it $s undoubtedly of xreat Importance ant of tho highest Interest, For the general reader the autoblography of the author will be found to contain very comprehenstye summing up of the results of lils discoveries and the means employed In the prosecution of his work. His carller volume, "Troy and its Remains,” told of his explorations up to the year 1873. ‘This book of helmet: toblogray ernie le Jed hin to believe that His: of seven sticcessive cities, & Uébrls of Its predecessor, s was the of_these ecltles “from the virgin soll,’ Agri the Doctor published his Remains? Many doubted his at Meanwhile he diseontiiued his via at ‘Troy, owing to a vexatious Inwsul Inability te get a firnian, and the interfe of the Governor-General, and made so vestigations nt M a, and bn 1ST lished his volume on * My tlon of which has just been Iysued, Tu 1878 he resunied itis excavations at on or nenr their heads2? If ydetailt his progress at eo constantly discoverin. of Bounnrbasht, On prices thawatliory this statement, which speaks for self In my archivologten! explorations, rejudice of my children, ess after my death, [ th igsure the reader that, of my present selentifl Ang'tn dl £10,000; whilst, Jarge cost of iny ‘exenvatlons, Ldo not 45,00 0 yenr, and am thus al O00 unnually to iy eapital, tecapitulntes his entire work to 1874, and Is of my children a fortune Jarge | itself. is possihle that Jezend may have also enriched with contributions from eml- enough to enable them to continue thelr } preserved y topographical particulars * tE Iicologists, Prof, Virel father’s scientilic explorations ‘without | about the ancient city, but-Ib is not to ba nent European arclucologtsts, Prof, Virchow | ever touching their capital, 1 avail myself | Imagined that there should have been pre- introduces It with a preface, und adds in tho appendix an article on ‘Troy and Alssarlik,” Prof. Mahatly follows with a paper on the relation of Novi {lum to tho ANos ot Homer. Mr. Frank Calvert contrib- utes an account of explorations at localities near and related to those of Dr, Schliemann. Anote on the lost art of hardening copper Is added by A.J. Duflleld; and Brugseh-Boy closes the ponderous volume of 800 pages with twelve pages of Egyptlan lore, In whileh department his ability is tuiversnily reeog- nized. But few, ilany, works of this kind, and in this branch of selentific investigation, have had so much Inbor bestowed upon their preparation, Tho illustrations are numerous and carefully executed. The wood-engray- Ings—viows of tho locallties explorer, of tho excavations in different states, of the potters, gold, sil -bronze, and other antiquities discovered--numbor, it Is said, over 1,200, It will beremembercd that the traditional site of. Troy was nent the sen where the Darda- nelles open into the Grecian Archipelago. But this location did not coinekte with Dr. Schilemann’s views, aul ho determined, therefore, to find the real place where he was convinced that Illos ought to be, and then, by excayntions, to ascertain if it wus there. Jo decided that the correct location wasthat now known as Hissarlik, “Were ho found a clty, whose pavements he exposed to sun- light, whose cellura are yet filled with the anelent stone jars of wine and food of war- of this opportunity to assure tho reade: sake, large collections of Trojan antiquities a value which cannot be cateulated, bu shall never be sold. It } do not p of the natlon I love ani esteem most,” ored? . On page 67, his work begins with the ter on “The Country of the ‘Tro, the History of the Vrajans; then of th second, and third citfes (the third ty cities,—tha sixth supposed to be Ly Titi, And of the third city he says: “The 1 ind city of agrees with tity, the more so-ns treasures behind, third city agrees with the Homerle tion, beentse the post says used to bo far-famed for disappeared from Its houses,” is an nddltional proof of lis identity wi on the minds of nen, in Greece, und that it been tuken up by the bards, But wi and thore among tho ruins.” Taking up the book more fn detail: Prot. Virchow, in tho preface, considers that this work not only gives atrue and faltntul de scription of the discoveries and of the condl- tions of the land and the place, but that lt also * everywhere Huks together tho threads which allow our Imagination to bring tho personal agents Into definit relations with actual things.” And ho says further,—and he js a pretty good authority even for those site and Pinin of Troy were given sulle ton of a minute Sequalntanes with it. rulns of the burnt the pawerof the besteging ary actions of the Lerous; the gods wore and the cyo wanders over the lofty walls of the exeayations, beholding here the ruins of dwellings, there tha utensils of tho ancient inlinbitants, at another spot tho remnants of thelr food, overy doubt as to tho anttauity of this site soon vanishes,” Ile goes even further than this when he says that “The atory of the foundation of Iltum, as sketched out lnjtho *Ilad,’ exnetly colncldes with the discoveries.” ‘To bo sure, a few pages further on hoe assorts af Priam and Sltoa that “No one will ever fathom the question whether these wero. the names wiitett moi used when tho colebrated King still looked out from hiselevated fortress over the ‘Lrojan pialn to the Hollespont. . . . dtisin itself of Iittle consequence to quarrel about ue wanes of these men or of theireity, . 4. But who will doubt that on this spots terrl- ‘ble conquest was really won fn fight against - & garrlaon who hot. only defended themselves, their fninilies, “and their houses with weapons of stone nnd bronze, but who also had great wealth In fold and silver, orpamenta, and furniture oprotect? 6 + 2° Wo must have a place which answers to all the requirements of the poctry. ‘Therefore we are compelled to any: Here, upon tha fortress-nill of Missarilk,— here, wyon the site of the ruins of the Burnt City of Gold,—here was Iium,”? Ibis not our purpose to discuss the war of the scholars or to brenk altanca In behaltot oithor party engaged tv the Homeric contro- versy, or {0 the dispute as to whethar Troy ever really existed or not. But Prof, Vir- chow amsuines 0 good deal moro than Is ware ranted when he elaims that substantlal evi- ences of grent contests have been found in | hl theso ruins after the lapse of 3,000 yerrs, or in belteving that a city must be found to ful- all the requirements of Homor’s epic, Poots cultivate the imagination, ‘They ning nify shuple legends, exaggerate favts, ds tork rumors, and xrecty, Antulice in pautic ett facis, Alas, J ennnat do itt wherens they were otully unknown at i Besides, the elvillation to light In the axeavations, handed down to hin by preeed destruction of Trey day. Nelther will I matntaln that hi quiuatance with) the ‘Troad and with was that of n resident; but certainty h not without personal knowledxe of the aro too. truthful for us to ancient myth. If, Hed tho Muln'in, the ninth century would probably have found the ole Novum Thun. Porganios, the more song in his tine hava reduced proportions," Homer and * great” to the City of eltes some whieh hardly apply to the! unearthed,—curnagiia, “with cts,” for Inatunce, and also" gi around the city wall; tl licens se, une nnd in front of which was atree mentioned | Nkawlse some of the manufacturing estab- their = ence a 4 to ie a snetrnet seven times nthe Ulad; that there wis a] lishmants, In faet, buildings of ts style, own skill and tatent, — Why inay | cltarlot-road close to the ely wall; that be- | with which alonw wo aro familine at home, not Homer, or the writers of the Ulad, have | bid Un was a broad platn, pnd pelow tho | but whieh were perfectly unknown in ‘Tokio long the samo? What ls the proof that the | wallin the plain wasawheat-lichl; thatthere | n few years ago, are, now very frequent and weapons of thelr oraft were not freely usa ? None in Sehifemann’s “Tog” that cannot bo controverted, or nt least answered. But this Js trenching on dangerous ground, Dr. Schilemann alts his sharo of the work with Ils autoblography, Hoe hag no doubts of lis auccess or of the value of Ils work, Js desiro to fud anelent “Troy” may bo sald to have been almosta mania with him. At 8 years of ago his father us- sured him that a picture of ‘Troy in derrer’s Univers) dilstery was only a tanelful pleture.” ‘Vo his question whether ancient Troythad sych buge walls as those depleted Inthe book, he answered in tho afirmative, “ Fathur,” retorted he, “If such walls once Priun's palace wit h fifty chambers, “ welt-hulledwolting of Ivctor and the alo i tomplu of Apolto and an altar to these are some of tho facts in the doseription of ‘Troy (pp, 180-152) whiel probability of the truth of gives some of his reasans for hytleving long besieged by Agamemnon: existed, they cannot possibly have been “1 cannot conclude this chapter on tho eouplelely destroyod: vast ruins of them | third, the burnt city, without examining must stl remain, but thoy aro hidden away | ance more the question whether this protty beneath the dust of ages.” The father maine | little tawn, with its brick walls, whic! tained the contrary, but the boy was flr in | hardly have housed 3,000 Inubitants, his ophnton, aud tt was finally agreed that he | have been identleal with the should "one, day excavate “Troy.” Hence- forth thls was the ong: passion of his life, Even with the sweetheart of his early days: Tt was agreed between us that ay soun us for ten Jong years united Greek pony could only ut last he first recent writer yas Identity of [lssurlik Edinburg in 1822, and other : a Inset, 2 in witlen. he In 1876 ho claims to have proved that he wag rhbt. bones aut two skeletons, “with fragments 11x former discoverles had ik was the site built over the oy and Its OKLLS, yeone,” nt new edi belay protected by ten gendarmes, rendered necessary by the value of the articles he was 1 1870 he also ine vestigated the tuinullof Troad and the Village itself: “As on my Inst Journey to England and Gi many Lf have heard it repeatedly stated tnt, earrfed away by ambition, Lan rulntng ny. who will be pennt- il ft necessary to although on account je pursuits Lam bound to keep sloof from all sorts of speculation td nm compelled to content inyself with a small interest on my capital, J stilt havea yenrly Income of 24,000.08 the net proceeds of the rents of ny four houses In Paris, and £6,000 Interest. on my funded property, mak- inclusive of the Ltrust, » that on my death 1 shall juave as Tlove and worship selence for Its own shall never take a trafic of it, My them in my lifetime they shall at all events pass, In virtue of ny Inst will, to the muscum And the question most naturally asked will be ns to Whether Anterica iy to be thus hon- Other chapters treat of tho Ethnography and the Burnt City); the fourth, fttth, and sixth and the seventh the Greek Hium, or Novum lissarlik perfeetly: the Homeric indications as to the situ of ‘Troy; and the fact that there is no recom placa In the Trond whieh could pos- sibly vie with it, goes. far to prove Its Kden- the third. city has, like the Homeric Ilos, been destroyed by the hand of au enemy Ina fearful Satnstroities which fell on it so suddenly that tho In itants had Lo leave even n large part of their in thls respect, also, the teserip= ‘Prian’s city its wenlth in gall ant bronze, but now tho prectous wealth has If, therefore, In splte of Its exhaustion by. ‘ft long-protracted slege, the third elty of Hissarlik was still so rich that } could ind in it ten treasures, this riors and women, the elty having been once | poet's INos, In proportion. to tho wealth " 7 ' dustroyed by terrible coniingration, inwhieh | and power of Tim tt. was but natu. | upanesa Journey of over 1 inlles ae tho inhiabltants, fleeting from fire and Grecie | MH, , tat, the,” sudden” eatastrophe, by | wade through n partof de Einpire never ws + ¥ which this rich aint famous Capitul | before visited by ® European. She fs por enemics, had left seuttored treasures of colt | at 7 verished, should | gessed of. remarkable courage, danntless and silver, which the explorer found hero | hnve mado on very deep | impression oll in“Asin Minor and should nt once have 4 1S Mr. Gladstone says, the local features of the for abroad identification, the bards handled them toosely and ut within point of detul. They treated the Plain without any assump- Hum having been come pletely buried under the ashes and débris, and people having no urehiologicnl desire for the Investigation of the nutter, It was to participate In the war, and faniunerable legonds were grouped around the mauitied I wish Lcoutd have proved Homer to have been an eye-witness of tho Irojan war! at lis tine swords were In universal nse and fron was known, io describes ts Inter by centurles than that which | have brought Momer gives us the Jegend of Hinn's tragle fate, as it was fing bards, clothing tho traditional taets of the war an in the garb of his own ities, for his deseriptions of the ‘Trond it gone eral, andof the Plain of ‘Troy in particular, weve that he could baye drawn all his details from tho os appears NHkel ‘ ho vee tlrendy longestabtiahed, having tis. Acropolls on Issarlik and its lower town on tha site of te would, therefore, be but natural that ho should depict Prinm’s ‘Troy as a large elty, with an neropolls called Jarger elty liad its Acropolis. My excavations ‘i {the Homeric Luin to its real In quoting tha various eplthots nplicd i Rt That the town was surrounded with a strong wall, provided with parapets and towers; that there was no impedinent to running hat It had nt least one wate (tho Scan), aver whieh was a tower, wasn high tunulus before the clty (called Batiela); that the elty itself had au Acropo- Ha ealleal the Pera ig, where was located tif) howe of Paris, and the temple of Pallas Athend, with a sitting statue of the gorddesn; Schliemann had as zuldes in determining tho his discayury, And tho list extract fur which we have space entire barony of his clty with the one so reat Homeric Hlos of dinmortal renown, wileh withstood the herole efforts of the of 110,000 men, and whieh a captured by wotratagen, eltadel being then enlled Acropalls, and the lower towit pulls, ‘The anelent Polis or Asty was tho ordinary habitation of the ‘Town- Chief or King, with hs family and depend- ants, ns well ng of the richer olnsses of the people; it was the site of the Agora and temples, nnd the general place of refuze tn thine of danger, We have traces of this {net in the extended sense of the Italian castello, to embrace a town, and tn the Anglo-Saxon burh; also, as Prof, Virchow suggests tome, In the Shivish gard—hortes (Burgwull), “Whit, indeed,” says Mr. Gladstone, “have. we to say whon we tind that, In the period of the ineunabute of Rome, the Romans on the Palatine were probably faced by the Sabines on the hill of the Caplio?” It ts, therefore, not the smallness of the third, the burnt citys whielvean. prevent us from identitying it with the Homerle ‘Troy, beeauss Homer ts nota histurhin, bit an epic poet.” Womny leave it for scholars to estimate the value of the explorer’s Inbors, and to decide ns to what his discoveries have or have, not settled, and whether the question itself, for witleh a solution is sourht, is of front {mportance or not. Dr, Sehllemann as, aren y found hosts of adversaries, und In his book hos honestly and frankly wiven place to the dissenting opinions of sclentists tind selolirs (pp. 184-210), If Strabo Js be- wo! other bs ab t, 11, ensed Han, with = Is tut push thiva in atlous | Heved, then ‘Troy was rebuilt and raled by | t it, his | “Eneas, ‘This theary Dr. Schllemann (pp, 166) | I ce | does nutrefute. Butif it was rebuilt, how can the “burnt city” he the dium of Prine? Jn “Troy and Its Remains” he considered the second city to have bean the itm of Homer, while he now considers that It was CG we {te pul she says, “uspeelally the girls, are modest, gentle, and plensing-looking, J saw nothing Jike even possible good looks, are flat, the fips thick, sloping Mongolian ty the pricites of shaving aif the eye! blackening the teeth (though less common in ‘Toklu than f vious lack of sou inane, vacant expression,” “The men may be sald to wear nothing. Few of the women weir anythin pelttlcont wound Unhtly cotton trousers, very Ui bnigy at inent opened to the waist tucked Into the band, and a blue cotton handk Toned clothing, and houses are alive with yermin, and if the word squalor ean be applied to in- dependent and industrious peuple, they ‘ure sauntid,? wasn sortofcourler named fto, who was toxlons to learn English, and Is quite an in- teresting spiclinen of his race. questions ara opinions are quite amusing. for weather fg dna excellent and communicative and talks good deal -days aio T remarked, * What a beautiful da; Misael And svon alt auled, * ie er Enalish thin "A devilish fine day,” rie When you ask a sueton you never say, “What te devil ts do, Is it proper for men to say It, and ot oughly Inbued with the greatness of the Brit- ish connection; thoy looked upon thelr poorer countrymen as mere helots, good enough to yote for them on election-day. O'Connett’s own sons and his sons-In-law had taken place under the British Crown. He had to some extent fost the confidence of the more Intelligent of the peasantry by his abandon- nent of the repea! agitation of 184, and his subsequent alliance with tha “ base, brutal, and bloady Whigs"; but, more than that, he had by this allianea rendered the antl-tithe agitation, which had assumed gigantic pro- portions, which wag on the very eve of suc- cuss, abortive. The form of tho tithu-tax was abolished, to be sure, but the substance remained, the landlord becanie the tithe-proe- tor to collect taxes from the Catholic tenantry for tha support of the Episcopalian minister, whose only thanks wero vulgar denuncla- tions of the contributors ‘The Catholle pensantry lost more than they gained by Catholle emaneipation. They hud braved every danger, they shrunk from no sacrifice that O'Connell called on them to Jemake, and §1) 1840, uleven years after cmanel- pation, it was) dificuit to see how they had heen ‘bettere by the act. Even now It fs difficult te see haw the Irish people have benefited by that measure. ‘The! have derived athousan! times more benefit from the establishimentof the national selina! system, Which was Intended usa proselytize The noses nil the eyes of the and the common rows atid $ iy), together with an ob- give nearly all faces an In the country, Hi but 9 short round them, or blue ht in the legs and the top, with a blue cotton gar- itef knotted head. 2...) The persons, the Her companion in her journey Some of hts instance: “Sometines when the ne mud things £0 eanibothy: he Is humor, aA few as we travel, er, note-book in hand, You say “A beautlfal day,” Isthat wost foreigners say”. . sgn, it 2" ns other foreigners Troy, | tho third city, On page dt he makes a state- | for women?! Ltold tim it was proper for arr a ott " rhe Inet i te text wich, being contradicted | neither, {twas a. very common word, antl £ Wie nicasuire, and ever tron tie Pea in the note, mluht be rerarded as superttu- | suw that he erased ft from ily note-book, At ous. In another instanee he considers a certain generally aceepted translation of two. Greek words ns altogether. wrong beeaitac the Interpretation does not coincide with his own theory of focallty.--in which he rather begs the whole question, There 1s also n typ ographical blunder on page 21. And te nitention of the publisher Js catled to an ine Jected phrase four times from the top of the Drst column of the 67th page which has no connection with the context. Tut these are comparatively unimportant inatters and do not affect the worth of the work In the direc- tlon we have already Indicated. Nor cau we find n better closing paragraph than a few sentences from Prof, Virchow's essay in the nppendix on “Troy. and Iissaritk,’? “The ruins of Hissarilk do not correspond to Homer's deserptions. Homer's idea ot hils sacred Ilios Js very different from any conception we can form from the testimony of the ruins... . ‘The Tlum of fiction panes under any elreumstances, be a fiction makes to the spend blu to rthat, | served n detailed and authentic description of the city or the fortress ny it existed before its destruction... . “Yet the correspond. ence of the poetical representation with the local conditions is far fron being so Inper- fect as it is resented. The situation of Jlissariik satisties in we main all the de- mands of the Jlomerte. topoxraphiy, . «+ We must admit’ the justles of the objection that this Iilum was no great city, enpable of finding room for 1 great army of fezelan warriors It_addition to. a large popu- fation of iis own. Our ium hardly deserves have it they resent chap- first he always used “Will you have one or two fellows for your ‘Kunime? ‘fellows ant women? At last he celled tho chief bhvstelan of the hospital here a fellow, on wit! was slightly slangy and at least colloquial, and for two days he hag seupttously spoken of ina tnd men, with very sore eyes to see me, on which TL exelatued, * Poor Ite fellow ? and thisev Ing Ire sald thought it was a bad word.” many Yokohama foreigners have helped to obliterate uny disthuctions between right and prone if he ever made any, to tell always says he hing seen ‘a fellow as drank ag an Englishman? how many legal w Japan, and be replie but as nny others as lie can support, just as Englishmen have,’ ” ‘The most interesting lunes iy connected with through the main island, and her so. ¥ezo umong the Alnos. A Nilgatt: was quite an futeresting personage: “To hud translations of some of. the works of Huxtey, Darwin, and Herbert Spencer, whieh, he says, are bought by the, Quy men nttending the higher school. ‘The ‘Orl- ein of Speelvs’ hud the largest sale. nota single book on any pubject connected with religion.” count among the Japan are not particularly successfitl, At least H,- 000,000 of Japanese are skeptics, iste, or nbsolute! graded superstitions which have Jost all re- Iigious significance. slow, progress for Parliament, Some of the Catholic suuires became Magistrates and Grand Jurors to be sure, Some Catholic barristers became Judges and some Catholle. 1 haunts becaine tand- Jords, but have they been more. fair, nore lenlent, more honest in their treatment of thelr poorer countrymen thin Protesiant Magistrates, Judi or Jandlordy? Do the Kemuures, Gormanstowns, and the Scullys differ as landlords fram the Leitrins, Luns- downes, and Bence Joneses? Do the Catholic Grand Jurors of Cork and Limerlek Counties net any less partially than. the Protestant Grand Jurors of Antrhia and Down? Is the Orangeman May any morethe bench advocate f the Crown in political trials than Catholle brothers: Barry, O'Brien, and Fitz gerald? These consiiterattons may not hive presented themselves with such foree to the Catholic potanlits in 1810ns they do to Mr, Dutly and others to-day. ‘Tho peasants may not have thought thut the forty-shilting free holders were offered as a vicarious sucrilica for the benefit of thasa who despised the vie- tims, But it is certain that thelr descendants of to-day do, Even in 18s, the more intelli- gent of them thougtit so: The young Catholte priests sprung from the peasantry, feeling for them, syinpathiz- wv Withthem in all thelr politient asplra- Uions,—thelr every hope acted as the mouth pieces of, their feelings. Father Daverin, a young Tipperary priest, wrote trenchunt lctiers to O'Connell calling him to account for his compromise on the tithe question and Dis alllanee with the Whigs,—with oho fomaculate and justice loving Lord John.” Just imagine the storm of Midlepation which would arise in Ireland now {f Mr, Parnell comprotnised on the Jand question, entered onan alllance with the AV anlaay and thereby pro “fellows? for men,’ 1s eh I told hilin that it To-lay he brought a boy 2 You called that hoy a fellow; 1 The habits of if he wishes ne he hag seen a very tipsy man ho At Nikko Lasked hlin . woman could have in Only one lawful one, part of these tivo vole t her solitary journey ourn Ih bookseller ai ie had In fact, religion fs ata dis- e, and the infeslans or material. sunk in chitdish and de Christianity makes but: practically none, according ng.” | tobecalied acity atalh . 6 . Iisa ques: rocured * fat” ofiees for his brothors, broth- ans | om again, wheter pra ever wasn placo | to this author, — because At Insists Uevinlavy, and Sthon relnticess but ure peould first, | called Hinw, Perhaps Tum, Priam, and [upon morality fn | life, which -they | condoned’ O'Connell’s mistakes and lapses ecnlls | Andromaché are just as mueh poctlenl fic- | dislike, beenuse Mt is grounded on be | fron tho stragit path of political leadership. tions ag Zeus, Voseldon, and Aphrad ité, . Bub it hiay also be true thut in a very remote prehistorts timo arich Prince really dwelt here ina towerlng fortress, and that Greek Kings wared a fierce war agninst hilin and that the war ended in lis own fall and tho destruction of his city by a mighty eons ilagration, ..... ‘Tho hill-fortress of. His- siritk fs certain to hold anenduring place ns n trustworthy witness in tuo history of civ- Ulzatton, Lt will bo-to our: descentiants an Inportant georraphical postion: and uc fixed starting-point for the Hights-of thelr fancy. Yor it {s to be hoped that, however the strife may..end about the existence of Ilum or of Priam, the young will never lose the Jiad.” -Published in New York by Harper Bros, ydlan, vite UNBEATEN TRACKS-IN JAPAN. ‘Miss Bird has added to her reputation as a travdler by her two-volume edition of her travels in Japan, Sho dovs not travel on tho highways, but rather onthe byways, Her th tho energy, and powers of observation sharpened by experience. Moreover Miss Bird writes enally and intelllgently, telling of the things she has seen and not wasting time and space with long descriptions or historical treatises borrowed from other authorities, A great many works have been written upon tha Japanese country and its inhabitants, its history ond {ts customs. Among more recent works, The Mikndo’s Emptre,? “ Dickson's Japan,” and Sir Edward Reed's “ Japan; Its tently The tho student, But for pleasant reading, for an account of explorations: without thrilling Incidents or exciting adventures, but full of novelty and changing scene and varied expe riences, Miss Bird’s work can claim prefers ence, ‘This Is especially trus of hor visit to the Ainos, the nborigines of the Island of Yezo and probably of all Japan, Among thls people Miss Bird lived for weeks, saw their daily life, heard what they have to say for thomselves, their history and superstitions, and, naa result, has contributed a great deal of {uformation of value to othnologists. Woe may call {his one of tho characteristics of her book, that it gives so full and real an insight into the dally {Ife of the people she visits, She saw tho usual sights and many more besides, and fg thoroughly Independent’ and orighial iu her observations, Sir Francis Reed visited Japan os tha guest of the Governmont, Miss Bird visited Itas entire stranger, sucking health and de- sfrous of thoroughly exploring tho Snterior and unknown portions of the Iand. Of the portion of Yedo used by the forclan sclile- mio ‘Troy, 48 nce ‘roy 0 WAS local- C., he titum Hef In eternal life, which they do not want, and because the students who return from abrond tell them that “no one of any Intelli- elnsses, But the Japanese are eager for knowledge, As far Northns Kuhota, Miss Bird founda rough bodies, but gentle ner, braided most dexterously with searlet and white thread, yery reinarkable, sometimes almost excessive even to European notions; nor do thoy seen to be the unmitigated drudge that most say- vga wonen are, And af their domestic life she says: “I found yesterdays tleutng and overeselting day, as everything was new and interesting, even the extracting fram nen who hayo few if any ideas In com- mon with me all I could extract concerniny their religions and enstoms, and that through an Interpreter. write out my notes, and have been wr! for five hours, and thore 1s shortly the pros- pect of anattier stance, The dictractions, 08 you linaglne, aro many. | js moment davage is tnking acup of saké by the fire in the centre of tho floor, tending his hands and waving them towards Iuis face, and en dips a rod In the saké, an other mon and women are sitting along each side of the fire-hole, the Chief's wife Ix cook- ing, the men are apathatienlly contemplating the preparation o: wonten, who are never Idle, are aplitting the bark of which thoy maka thelr clottes, cupy the guest seat—n raised platform at one end ot the tire, wil thrown over it,’ h ontiur ideas about Duylng and setling, as Is nec tn this incident. “" D wanted what they had factual use, such ts 9 tobucco-box and pipe-shenth, and Knives with curved handles and seabbards, and for three of thesa I of- fored $2,50, gell them, but in the ovening they camo say Ing they were not worth yore thin $1.10, aud they would: sell them for that; and not get them Lo tak “not thelr custam.? But wo have no space for furthor extracts from this entertaining work, will find ft different In many ways from tho ordinary buoks of travel, It fs a clearly written, plulnty told story erlonce 11a cotuparatively unknown coun ry by anenreful observor and an easy and pleasant writer. h theme for many writers,—perhaps for tao many,—but Miss rds volumes ure different He had led them to vietory over tolerant cmemies, 1 thelr itt- nm thourh the victory gence or position now belieyeg in Chiristhani- be barren, {he enety: Dl ealtarated dune ty, and that It taanexpluded system, only | oinmplon and — friend. 1s purpose propped up by the clergyand the uneducated | way pure and honest. When he commenced the new xeitation for repeal they flocked to hls standard; they subserited sehool with twenty-tive teachers and 700 pu- bene zunpart of the movement, aval tied After John Stuart Mil, chemistry, botany, 1 | fase Sea ETS, Ne cane er he said a people Iike that could not be vane course. of natural science, geometry, aud y verment swelle . ct inenstiration.” As to the Alnos, she found guished, ie mowemanbawellel.to vase DEG them fierce In otter aspeet, with ‘their lone | Pefore equaled In the history of any coun shagzy hair and beards, broad fneos, and | try, O'Connell's firmness of purposa may in speech and man- often sxcoedinsty have deserted him, but his oratoricul powers were unimpaired. Thelr garments ai handsome, being decorated with “ geometr! The agitation gulned sympathy in American aby. patterns, “In which the Greek fret | qndin Krunee, atcetings were field In Now takes part, dn coarse. blue cotton, | York, Milladelphia, Baltimore, and in other large towns to express sympathy with tho Irish people in thelr strugale,—and this was ata tne when the Irish vote was not much of a. factor in American politics, “Horace Greeley, always friendly to the Trish, took an active part in organizing these meetings, Mr, Seward spoke at some of them, as did Lew! Cass and other distinguished men. Pres dent Tyler sent a letter expressing syp pathy With the movement by his san to tne New York meetin In Paris meetings wore organized for the sine purpose. At onsof these M. Arago was in the ehalr, and among the speakers were Carnot, fils, Mar- rast, Garnier, Pages, and, though Tast by no means least, Ledru Rollin, ‘The latter satds “Franca is rend to aid an oppressed peo- ple in thelr declsive strugeie, with exe perleneed heads, resolute hearts, and sturdy arms.” A subserlption was made for the repent rent, and M, Rollin was requested to ‘The modesty of the women is innst fae I got upat 6 this morning to iting Ile salutes me by ex- skeptics wh rast in asse thought that the destroyed clty had com- | History, Traditions, and Religions,” aru the | makes six Iibetions to the god—an WD | present It'In person to the Assuclation at buildings mel pein My uscertli is tte letoly disuppeared, ‘Phe tmagination of the | best. In some respects—in treating of tho | Might piceo of roe willy th fringe Dublin, Diath ene a wusplelous Fesemblauica fa, the pan A theraterey {al fog the. inal Japan with which wo aro all more or less ot ehavings lan Mhon. hone venves. ean ae Sriebtanied. | Ho was an Prond villages af to-day: hen wo stand i " ki pera familiar and in accounts of its history— | ty vera times towards himself, makes | 0 en 5 s en 1 white! rtion ax tho strength of the Greek fleet, thas fa : the cup several times towards hinsett, m: wanted no war, nithough on some oevasions a ute palm or want ae Aa hlleforteens the pa is ‘and thogrent | these othor works will beof mora value to | other Ilbations to the fire, and drinks. ‘Ten | je used to talk’ about tho people defending thetr rights with their Ilvea, about Iving “as slaves or dying as freemen.” Ho sald about. the Rollin affair, “The peapte ot Ireland ure in. favor ot democratic liberty, but Hberty. mitigated by the stability” of on bmited Monarchy.” ete. We imay well finaziog how, the — young, drefanders — chafudl at this tnterpretation of the public opinion ot Treland. ‘The Amerleans tnd the French, whethor through disgust at such talk or be- cause they suw there was no chance with such a leader, who, when the decllve mo- ment came, talked so nineh about peaceably legal and constitutional measures, would have nothing more to do with the repent agi- tatlen. O'Connell was Brown tnd, the Government, then Tory and led by Peel, saw ty chance, It determined to put down the agitation which was led by sueh aman, ‘The ~ Clontart meeting was prohibited, O'Connell submitted. Noe” promised loud and boasted high,” but the decisive moment bad come, ant ho was a failure as a oman of action, One of the disgusted young Lrelani: ers sald that Ireland was won at Clontarf und Jost at Clontarf. ‘Teronce Bellew MeManus, who had come from Liverpool te attend the inceting, said that if it should not be held tha sympathy of the English democracy was lost io the movemont. aud the contempt of tha their food; and the other luce wi With the skin of n black bear ‘They linve some very pe~ ‘Bhoy said thoy did not care to 2 could qmore, ‘They sald it was Ma readers of porsunal ux: Japan has furnished a wnt Sir Francis lead suys: Not far from | from the athors, and contaly almost entirely | whole English people gained for it. every jaunt Sir Fran station] fs sho ford settler |-(otails of hor own actual personal experi |“ jyut te wus ta no purposs to. object or'eame ‘of the houses ure of | eee. phiin. O'Connell wag the tender of tho mave- ment, wherd muy Europenn typo; and in looking over the city from an eminenes one sees bank buildings, sehinols, and oceasionul residences of foreign pattern eising up abuve tha Jess elevated Jipnuese buildinga,—less olevated save ag res rds tho tomples atone, which hero ‘and. there stand up high above ‘all othor Japaneso constructions, “Most of the great educational establishinents, such as tho University, the College of, Engineering, the Miltary College, and the Naval College, ars of European stylet as are also some of the barracks, and ity ho broad reat? all consplenous objects in tho bird’s-vyo vluw of ic elty.’ Miss fra Is rather more uncomplimentary and outspoken: “‘Toklo and the new régime are architecturally represented. by: the Ministerlal villas of ‘stonw-faced brick, with red brick garden walls, the Enghiver> ing College, really solid and handsome, and a nimber of barracks, departinants, police. stations, colleges, and schools, in a'debased Europeanized or Americanized style, built of wood, punted white, with a snperabune dance of oblong gluss windows, and usually without verandahs, ooking, Nike jnferlor warehouses or taverns in the outskirts of San Francisco, as yulgar and disinally ugly ag they can be, and more ke confectionery than building. 1tis certuiniy not under the advice of M, Chastel do Uoliville, the arehi- tect of tho Engineering College, that the Goy- ermment has this vulgarized the new Capital, ninking parta of it, except fur. the clenn, amooth roadg, to look wore like the outskirts of Chicago or Metbourne than un Orlental i oR ough Miss Bird is not filled with ad- , the beau- Zeus, e's W Dr, inthe cay could Published In Now York by G. P, Putnam's Bons, ‘ / Mr, Dully’s book appears opportunciy. treats of » porlod and of nets so Tike tho pros- ent time and passing events In Iroland, that one is apt to think It a chronicle of the deuds of yestorday or Inst week, Commencing with tho history of tho revival of the Repeal agi- tation under O'Connell, this (tho first) vol- timo tells of {ts growth, the diflentty and ob- | ovents In freland during the fast six months taclea with which O'Connell had to contend Ivenuse of his former paliticat mistakes, tho | botween tho ‘Tory proseeutors it ‘character of sume of lis associates and rela- tives, the basencasiand ingratitude of tha class Who reaped the whole benefit of the Emancipation victory, and, above and beyond all, bis {l-concealed alliance with the Whigs 1 134, Mr. Duffy's book Is atwayg racy and {nter- esting, sometimes brilliant. “ie writes with a full knowledge of tho porlod, notive purticlpant in nearly all the transac tlons he desuribes, and having becn a close student of history ghicu he tas been ablo to intorprots acts and incidents Jittle under | the same, Whig or ‘Tory, “Justlee for polite stood then. At ties ono Is led to think that ho ty hardly fair to the memory of O'Connell, for many of the Groat Triburt'’s Suihires, and mistakes, keon a pleasure In glying them prominence, O'Connell was nearing his th year when he began to organize the second repeal move- ment. Hs former frluads hud fallen away, ment. Ho had countormanded the meeting, and then destroyed the work of three y and shattered the hopes of tho nition. irlatof O'Connell and his fellaw-traversers It} which followed, and which Justica Denman described a3 a mockery, a detuaion, and a snare,” did not differ essentially from other political trials, ‘There was a packed Jury, 0 packed Ben long array of Crowtt. Inwe yors, & convictlon, fmprkionment. eo in- Wetment against ‘O'Connell was 100 yards Jong; that against Parnoll is seventy surds, Thoso who havo watehed tho course of DUFFY'S YOUNG IMELAND, Will Yo struck atthe similarity In methods O'Connell's timo and the Liberal (he would dixclain to bo ealled a Whig) prosceution in our time, Mri Dafly describes tho selection of the jury: “Mr, Kemunis, on behalf of the Crown, struck off ong after another, as the oppurtunity TORO, every Cathollo on tha Ist [eloven in ali). Each exerelse of his power was followed by a biter commontary from Mr.- Cantwell forConnells attorndy}. “Thera goes the irst Papist.! he erjed. *Anothor Catholla’ and ‘another,’ (il the work was completed,” Mr, Dillon (Varnell’s attorney) reported tha renarks of Mr, Cantwell lest week, when tho Liberal prosecutor struck off the names of twelve Catholies from the jury-list. It is alt lic was an ival offenders in Ireland is ont of the ques+ thon. [tia not necessary te follow this tial, to describe the political harangue from the makes exouses fF | heel, the conviction, and the subsequent faults, | setting aside of tho verdict on the ground he seems to take too | that the trial wus “a mockery, n deluston, and 4 snare.” ‘The pleasantest, most rellable, and most graphic part of Mr. Duity’s worle fy his ae- count of the estubilsnment af the Nation noWoapaper and the growth of the Young Lre- although he land party. ‘To write the history of these events was to him 3 labor of love. He gives us charmin; Davis and Dilt deDavis wns aman oF MEGS adore vis wi an of middle stature, stron ly but not conrsely built, A nn character of power, but except when tt w: lighted up by thought or feellng tb was lis _gianee was direct plain, even rugged. portraits of his colleagues, ‘on, the Intter the father of Mr, John Dilton, Ro brond brow and strong jaw stamped his face with a as and frauk ns the sunbeam, he hats cordint and winning laugh, the prevailing expresate of his face was open and yolece had tones of sympat i atratght to the heart.” Of Dillon Me, Dull saya: “In person hé.svas tall and firiking! handsome, with eyes Ike a thought DN Reni), and bis which went ry tL woini’s and thy clear otive complexion art * stately bearing of uSpantsl noble? (who tint knows hii will not recornize thls aga good deserlption of Tarneil’s nssocinte), Funeria nature,” Abr, Ditty ih mere 8 plillanthroplst Jn moral nature comrade {Pav pilelty and unse falsehood or equiy t than a politleln he 1 had tho same sty shuess, and to hin nl: ‘oeation wes impossible. ‘lasely {fiseinbled his y says, “ ins i 5 Me 40 ‘a Mr. Beight sald at latter perlod “that thera Was that In tits eye and tone of voice, and his manner nltoxether, which marked him for an honorable and a J ust man,” and ‘Thackeray snd that among the tudtidozen men fn tho’ United States whom he loved to remember the modesty and wholesome sweetness Dillon, then, a political refi foreucsbipiiers efugee, gave hil ot. im Mr, Duity Ilkes to Inger with his frends, to talk of thelr characteristics, ta dwell on their Inbor, to admire thelr ‘disinterested Patriotisne. But tho story of their work, of is progress, iy even more tuteresting still.’ The Nation resnsettated | Ireland, it a “second Ite, n. sont anew,” ‘inl the foundation “of — tha edueatlo of the present generation, and_ made such gaya id, on a. inovement as that led stow by Parnell posst- He. It is to its writings and teachings that the Innd agitatlon 1g so intelligently conduct. edy—that the manliness, independence, and. negressiveness of the participants In it Is tis to the labors of Davis, Dillon, and » and thelr collengues, that the Irfah line injerant of latter years Is superior to lily deeessor of bent Years tuo; It is to t teachings that Lrelane A is freer from eriine than any nation of Northern Europe, and to thelr teaeliings that the people have resolved never to submit Sruient in Ireland peaceably to English gov- When tie Nation was established (Octo- ber, 1Si2), there were in Ireland over 5 years , of uge 1,400,000 people whe could rend, but not write, and 3,705, who could neither read nor write. Over 5,000,000 out of a tutal of 4,000,000 IHiterate! itis safe to say that to-day (3 per cent of the people of freland between the ages of Saud 45 canboth read and write. ‘Th . thon, however, had to seek its1 f fraction of 3,000,000 of peopl "re he Noe vaters tmNong The I t= estants who constituted the English garrl- son in Ireland would not touc! enjoyed the sweets of office 100 long to thie to acertain Iso. Their el ft; they had, . He it Sreland; the Presbyterians t hited lost thelr old “patriot- reyiien Wero 13 much thelr Paultteat udvisers as the priests were the po- tent advisers of the Catholle peasant: and they were rendered somewhat amennble by the reglim Donum, ‘The Catholic landed gen- tlemen were outot the question. No moro sordid, slavish sycophants ever breathed, But probably the grea threatened the new was the gppasition, of the | Cuthol Nelrarchy. ‘That body vontalned a fe! vatriotic men, — but a them, then, as now, Joynlists, and they looked with were ‘eater danger which ouraniistic enterprise ie We majority of ultra suapicion on the young enuthusinsts who supported the Nation, They early manifested a hosttlit to that jouranl, Mr. Dutfy Is very Industri- ous In accounting for their loyalty to the KE elish connection, He auates from Greville’s Memoirs, and from Lord Palmers- ton, to show how Bishopries are secured in. Tretand, Lord brother, May 12, 1534, off 2 messenger to Florence and to Ro: Palmerston, writing to hls says: “Loam sending me to 3 try tu get the Pope not to appoint an agitate ing Prelate Archbishop of ‘Tuam. | Mr. Greville says: “He (Lord Melbourne) ad A mitted to me that the Popo generally: con- ferred tho appointment according to the wishes of the Government.’ Lord Palmers- ton wrote to Lord Minto at Rome: “You must say to the Pope that we wish he would exert lis influence over the Lrish priesthood to induce them to abstain from meddling Jo - patitles.” Mr. Duffy returns to this subject of ine trigues between the English and the Papal Courts quite. frequently, Ile does not to: r= + wet, very likely Jats freatinent nt the hands: of the late Card nol Culien and other eectesi- astles when he and Lueas led the Indepent- eetit party Jn 185e, and afterwards, when ho - FR ‘Wits obi onthe stlssuet ing tnbie, 7 on account of the» seheines of ecc enblegrasm, "TRIBUNE, Pope's Intluence agalust Irish popular.inoy eslastielsm. ‘The following which appeared tn Thursday's £, Indicates that the effort to use the te nents fs not unknown to English Ministers u even now: Rostr, Dee. 23.—The Pope bas addressed a ree commendation to the Irlah Mshopr urgiug the of Ireland, to Use efforts towurds eifecting the pucitication: ‘This will be hetter understood when an other telegram is recalled whieh stated that: t Roman Catholle’ dlenita Croke) told Mr. Parnell thin (Archbishop rd Paget tat tried hurd to get the Pope to condemn the Jind League, It was under ¢ireutn- stances such tts these that the Nallon ‘was’ started, It derived its ehief support from the sons of the better class of farmers, from tha intelligent mechanics of the tawns, th 18 young merchants, and the edueated young Protestants, of whieh Davis and Samuel Fer- guson were the types. | dts purpose deseribed by Davis: © A desirs to start ER Mr, Dillon aud myself und many others, M. is a r more decided than Mr. O'Connell's or "a sted ty the minds of vr Duty had heardof Me, Dilton’s writhig in the Hegtnter (a Dublin morning newspaper), and nd jie too Lf believe, and communiented with us as to starting 4 paper, We planned it Ina watk to the Phaenix Park... Mb Dutly, having made money bs tie Vindleat wanted to start a metropolitan paper, Ho v. yas full of patrlotisny and ambitlon, but cer tainly had no distinet notion of National Ine dependence or Nutlonnl policy at the the, In | fnet, that notion” leat been aude in the National Historien) Societics of° Dublin, and belongs to Trinity College Prote estunts and a fow Honan Cathalles of TO. pb” “Nhu we sve that the idea of Irish ane . Uonality ln i840, as in 1703 and 1782, was an- exclusively Protestant notion, Davia, and Dillon, and pully were at the* fi time the ated, Gel and promi: ardent haters wher af the Nation was t young met full of yt lovers of Ireland, and tt Cr OPPTesSOTs, eit “( aft ae life us ‘Thelr de- sign was ta comblue “avery ered, and race, , and elan” in an effort for national ndepend= ence, Jrelund was then attracting attention on the Continent. O'Connell was recognized’ fs the most eloquent orator of his thie, Wel- lington, another, Irishiion, had besten Napor’ won at Waterloo; jeer lst Napoleon's Marshals out or § the ald af Cathalles,” advouutlng Cumanel patti, Guizot, the Prot estant historia of the countrles of ho had driven pain, ad with: ary hall of wham wery Lrish: as Wellington himneth said when b= france, wrote: “OF all the the West, Ireland waa fora Jong tine that fn whiel tone fearing was supported and throve anid the general overs throw of Burope,"" Michelet had spoken of itas a land of brave men and bold: thinkers tho land of Jolin Scotus Erhonn, of Yaland aud Berkley, the country of Moore and of o'vounell, Niebulir sald. that Irofand could, not be Tone maintained asa dependency of Enictand; and, better than atl, Anguatin Phlerry, the father of modern history, Wid spoken words of cheer and encouragement, ence of the Irish in. “was the pretest ever given.” These wi ured by tho bold spirits who nerd foe thi effort to educates nation, Davin, Walter Savage Lindor, the poe ane clad to fad you have hopes for Trelaril The peralst waite for natiounlit, Surely the desive for nationality Is not un geuerons, nor Is It strange fn the Irish." Frou th the Natlon wwpevred, tram the day forth on its career of worth.” its writers sought to make the youn nen of Leland proud of ix Ylstory, pron of tte erent men; they held tip those wih plo that a people had ye words to be trease 2 day on whieh the first number of lay 1 8u wit, wisdom, .and te yo t) writing to. f satils 2 1s 1" a Cee battled against English rate as the brightest. examples to follow, God bless tho men of patriot pen, > Bwitt, Molyneaux, and bacas, wroty Davis; and Dy, dae? & Professor of. Trinity. Colleay, replyhig tw O'Connell's. abusvbf the ts revolutlonisty, whois he called nilscreant, wrote Shak, oxaw lt gong, The Memory.ot the Dead”; % as Thoy rose tn dark und evil daye ‘Vo right thelr nattye land; They kindled bere n living blaze » ‘That nothing can withstand. From the thu of Gerutdls Cambrendes ro the historians of the tine it was. the ay purpose of overy English ‘writer to punk Fa 18 Trish nga nation of savages, Kept fre ab. iy eatlng each other by the benevolent Engtish, Even Macaulay di the fucts of history In order fo justif: Witty of Oruuge’s tremtent of the Irts not seruple ta pervert B ed to leave Ireland “like nm corpse ~~ _ hes 1

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