Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 7, 1880, Page 9

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: THE NATION. Farewell Message of Presi- i dent Hayes. vl Report of the Secre- rn E tary of the Treasury. pRESIDENT'S MESSAGE, CONGRATULATORY, eccrivk MANSION, Wastinaton, Ts On. Execer oe-Cillzen of the Senate cnet House of ie ntativees «<I congratuinty you on the tinued and increnslug prosperity of our cently. ly the favor of Divine Providence wo rounttony blesseih during tha past year, with ne with abundant harvests, with profitable ediement for nll people, aud with content- ee home, ond with ponco and friendship Miahather nittions, peeurrence of tho twenty-fourth election {chief Mugistrate has afforded nother ope ef anity to the people of tho United States ta pipit to tho: world a significunt example of the * otal anid safe transinission of the power and hort of government from the publig serv- whose terms of olllce are about ta expire a yechodunt successors, ‘hla example qanuot fall to ampress profoundly thoughtful ype of othor countries with the ndynutages sbieb republican tnstitutions afford. Tho line mediate, general, and eheerful nequiescence of ailpood citizens dn the result of the electlon wedgratifylug assurinea to our country, and Pus felends throughout tho world, that a Gov- erninent dus on the frev consent of anintelll- ntand patriotic people possesses elements of asian stubllity, and permaneney not found inany ather form of government. Continues! opposition to tho fut! and freo on- « smentof the rights of citizonship conferred pon the colored peoplo by tho recent amend- nents to the Constitution stil prevails in sever- slofthe Inte slaveholiing States, It has, per- bins, not heen manifested In the recent clection toany large extent jn neta of violence or fntiint+ titfon, We hns, however, by fraudulent prac- teestuconnection with the ballota, with tho regulations as to the places and manner of vot- fog und with counting, roturning, and canynss- fy tho vates cast, been successful in defeating theexereiye of tho right preservative of all fadtsthe rghit of aulfrage,—which the Con- nituvon oxpressly confers upon our enfrane shied eltizens, uathe desire of tho good pooplo of tho whole pountry that sectionnlisin us a factor in our polltics should diguppear. They prefer that no Keton of the country should bo united In solid eppealtion to nny other seetion. Thodisposition farefuse a prompt and hearty obedience to tho equal rights ainentments to the Conatitution 1s allthat now stands in tho way of 2 complete oylituration of sectional Mes in our political contests. As long ag ofthor of thoso amendments isSagrantly: violated or dleregurded, it is safoto. ssume that tho people who placed thom {aths Constitution, na embodying the legitiinate nsulta of tho War for the Untun, aud who bee Yerothom to bo wiao und necessary, will con- Viono to act togother, und to Inslst that they hall be obeyed. ‘Tho paramount question still isas to the enjoyment of tho rigut by every American citizen who hus the reqtlsit qualita. (ons to freely cast bis vote and to havo it hon- ttlycounted, With this question rightly sot- tled, the country will bo relicved of the conten- Mons of tho pusts; byzones will indecd bo by- foaes;,and political and party issues with re- spect economy and etficioncy of administra- tlon, Intornul finproveients, tho tarlif, domestic taxation, education, nunco, and other impor- tsnteutjects will thon recvive thair full shure ofuttention; Due resintanee to and nuliltiention: of tho results of tho War will unite togethor it renlute purpose for thal apport all whe innain- tain the nuthority of tho Governmout nnd tho perpetuity of the Union, and who adequitely Appreciate tho value Of the victory achieved. Yuis deterinination proceeds trom no hostllo wullment or feellug to any part of the pcopto of fircountry, or to ay of thelr interosts, ‘Tho ‘nvlolability uf the amendments rests upon tho fondamental principle of our Government, deine the felon axpmessiow of tho willot a ot i. ‘The eeutlient (ae tho constitutional rightsof All ourcitizens must be muintulned does not tow wenker. It wilt continuc to control tho cirernment of the country, Hapnily, the his- We of tho. eowitey whore opposttlon tor thy Atteenth, “Amanument hus hora oforo prevailed itls diminishing, and is tikely. to censo altos gether if firm and well-coustdered action 18 aken by Congress, I trust the House of Repre- rntatlves and tha Renate, which bnvo tho right bo Judgo of tho elections, returns, and quolifica- Hons of their own mombers, will seo to it that Werg caso of violation of tho fotter or spirit of oFitteenth Amendmont is thoromhly inves: dyated, wid that no benefit fron such violation shalt necrue to nny person or party. It will be deduty of the Exceutivo, with stiffleiont ap+ poprintions for tho purpose, to prosecute un- partogly all who have beon ongaged In dopriy= a cltizens of tho rights gunrantacd to thom by (be Constitution, Brae of Jt Is nut, howover, to bo forgotten that tho best and sttrest guarantes of tho primary rights of clizenship is to be found in that enpicity {or self-protection which can belong only to a teeplo whoso right to universal auifraye is sup- Pored by universal education. Tho means ut thocommand of the local and Stato artthoritics uy. {n many cages, wholly inndequate to fur hire Indtruction to ull who need ft. ‘This Is fveclally truo where, before emnnelpation, the Nucation of tho people was neglected or pre: Teuted {n the Intercat af slavery, Firmly con- Hnced that the subject of popular education {eserves tho earnest attoution of tha peaple of Wee whole country, with a viow to wiso and com- frebeasive actlon by the Government of tho pated States, I respectfully, recommend that pnaress, by suitabte leztalation and with propor Mtewunrds, supplomont. the jocal educational gnds in tho soveral Htates whora the grave ities and responsibititics of citizonship bave teen ‘evolved on unoducated peoplo, by de- ene to tho purpose grants of tho public in sand, if heressary, ‘by appropriations from Be Trenguey of tho United States. Whatover ae mumtent can fulrly do te proinata free pop) ae. eduention: ca to bo dune. Whorever i act oducation ta found, pence, virtue, and lal order provatl, and ‘civil and reflglous ly aro secure. — CIVIL SERVICE. a my formor annual mossages, I have asked : Attention of Conyross tu tho ‘urgout neccssi- Mi My S reformation of tho Ciyll-Service sya re 0 Government. My views concerning tho pe of putronage, or appolntmenta for per- Te or partisan constderations, havo beon nt ee hy my obsorvation aud experienco o Executive ofticv, and I believe thesa dan- Sets throaton tho stability of tha Govorninent, a wes FO serious in tholr natury cannut bo por- Anontly tolerated. ‘Thoy tend to bocame moro it ulog with the enlurgement of administrar eservice, asthe growth of, tho country In Moulation increases tho number of ofticera and Vidcemen tmployed, < ri feusons aro imperative for the adoption of paki for tho regulation of appointments, ties ons, and romovals, estublishing 4 uole be Method, having oxclusively in view, in ry (astatico, tho uttalnmont of the best quale hele one for tho position fn question, Buch a ota ‘Alone ts consistont with tha equal rights teley tlzeng; and tho moat econoroteal and ef Nt aiministration of tha public buainuas, apenpetitive ¢xauinations, In ald of {mpartint uctoa ‘monty and promotions, have Loon con- Lice for fome yoard post tn soveral of tho aa Dopartmonta, and by my direction ae has beon adopted in the Custom. count Vost-Oltces of tho larger oltics of an In tho Clty of Now York over two tubjen id positons tn tha Civil Sorvice have beon : Mn thoir appolutments and tenure of xt O tho operation of pubtishod rulos for miner during the past two years, The ro- starr? Pructical trials have boon very ferorof tray have contirmod my opjnton in eed tof eystein of selection. All uro_ sub- rom prj Le wume texts, and the rogule (a (r uence, tilleo by personal favor or partisan in- beat Sucures for the position applied for crnpety Mallientions attuinublo among the Wont SPPlounta. It ia an etfectuul protec Vuder qd! 80 pressure of fmportunity which, the tg, otbor course puréued, Inryely exacts ir wut attention of appointing ollleers, to date duycitiinentin the diechurge of other Kevico fog G2: Preventing tho abuso of the yy tho here furthornnea of private or Suvernmpcdos und leaving the employs of the Uy a feud from: the obligations fm- ert toe , Bittonuye, to avpend sololy upon thy conse cation und advancement, dnd with Provemen ttt Incentive to exertion’ and tine bead ton bigs pwaluable reaults bave been attained for apne lu tho olfices where the rules Mero cen apnea. by computitive examination te a which has so npproved iteult by ex- Talrly qoec3t# At Dolnts where auch testa may Hated Ba ered conclusive, sbopld be ox- Wernment, “yourduinte poaitions "under the be val Na fo é 1 beliov rt lo sehtineus dean feet edgar sutra {ho Civil Serv! - ie tection from recognized abuses, and that thoex- berlenco refurred to hus demonstrated the feusl- pility of auch moumures, The exaiminationsin the Custom-Houses and Post-Qillecs have been held under many ombare MMisatnonts, and without provision for componra ton for the extra Inbor performed by the of- ficors who have conducted them, and whoau com- mendable Interest In tho fmprovement of tho public service haa induced this devotion of thino und Inbor without pecut te reward, A contin Udnco OF thant tabura geatultously ought not he oxpected, and, withant an approprintion by Congress tor compensation, itis not practleabte tu extend the ayetaun of examinations generall throughout the Clyll Servic it iv aise highly Imporiint that All Buch exambuntions should bo condueted upon on uniform sys. tem and inder gettoral superviaion. Bee, 163 of the Revised Btatutes authorizes tha Prealdent to proseriba tho rowuintlons for ad- infagion to tho Civil Service of the United States, and for this purpose to employ sultable persons to contuct the requisit: inquiries with rofer- ence to * tho fltness of each vandidute in ros |. apect to age, health, charicter, knowledye, and nbitity, for the branch of service into which ho Reoks to enters but the law is practically mop. urative for want of the requlsit appropriation, I thorefore recommend itn npproprintion of £25,000 por ainuin to meet the expunsos of 1 Commission, to be nppointed by the President I aecordinee with thy turms of this section, whose duty it shatl he to devise a just, uniform, and oftleient system of competitive examinations, Bnd to supervise the sppiieittion of the snine throughout the entire Civil Survive of the Gove ernment. fam perenided that tho tuciiltles: which such Commission will alford for testing tho fitness of these who apply for oflice will net only) be as welcoine a reliof to members ‘of Conran Wa it wil be to the Prealent and hends of: Departinents, ‘but tht it will alvo greatly toed to remove the entiges of ciuburrussinent whieh now Inovitably and constantly attend the contileting claims of patronage botween the Legisiative and Exeous uve Departinents. ‘Cho most effectual check upon the pernicious competition of Inte urd oltleial favoritism, Int, the beatowal of of witt bo the substitution of an open competition of nerit between tho applicants, tn which every ono enn Indke his own record with tho agsurance that hie success will depend pon this alone. 1 atso recommend such legisiation us, white leaving every officer ng free as nny other eltizen toexpreas hig pollen! opinions and to usa his Joedns for thelr ndvancement. shall alse enable hin to feel as aufe as any private citizen in re- fusing ail demands upon his salary for political Purposes, A tiw which should thus guarantes trug Hberty und Justice to all who ure enguged dn the public service, and Hkewlse contain atritt Rent provisions against the useor oltichat author- ity to coerce thy politien! netion of private eitl- u ud of official subordimites, js greatly tu be esirett. ‘The most gerious obstnote, hawever, to an tm- Frvemnont of the Civil Service, and uspecially ot reform In tho method of appoliitinent aud removal, tng been fount to be the practice, Ws der whit is known as. “tho spolls system,” by whieh the appolntinue powor hns been’ so largely enermched upon by members of Congress. ho first step In the reforin of the Clvil Service must bo a complete dtyuree between Congress and the Lxevutlve in the matter of appointments, Tue corrupting doutrine that to the vietors. belong tho spofiy,” a inseprrable from Congressional Patronage ng tho cetablished rule nnd practice of parties in power, It comes te be understood, Dy applicants for allice, and by the people seet- fy, that Kepresxentatlyes und Senators are 1 titled to disburse tho patronage of their respee! ive dlstricts and States. It is not necessary to reclte at lengtit the evils resulting from this” ine vasion of tho Executive ttuctlons, The true principles of government on thy subject of ap- poleinens to office, 8 stated in tho Nationa! Conventions of the lending purtics of + tha try have gain and again been ap proved by the American peuple, and have wot been eMied tn question in nay quarter. ‘These nuthontle expressions of publie opinion upon this all-important subject are tho statement of principles that belong to tho constitutional structure of tha Government. “Under the Constitution, the Presidents nnd heads of Departments nre to innke nominitions for ofice, ‘The Senate is to advise and consent: to pppointments, and the House of Representa- tives ts to necuse and prosecute faithless oiticers, ‘Tho hest Inturest of the public service demands thnt these Wstinctiona bo respecte hit Senne tors and Represontitives, who tmiy be Judges and necusers, should not dictute appolntinonts to ollice," ‘To thin end the cobperition of the Legighitive Dopartmont of the Government $s srequired, alike by tha necesaitics of tho ‘enso ‘and by public opinion, Members of Congress: whl not be relloved fromthe demands mado upon thom with reference to appointments to olfige until, by legislative enuetment, the porni- cious prautice Is condomned and forbldden, itis therefore recammended that wn net bo missed defining tho relationa of members of Jongress with respect to appointment to ollice by tho President, and [ 1lso recommend that tho provisions of Sea. Lis7, and uf the sections fol- lowing, of tho Itevised Stututes, gomprising tho enurd-of-O1reo act, of Mnreh'3, 1807, bo ro- pented, : KRelloving that to reform tho system and moethois of the Clyil Bervice 1s one of the high est and moat finperative. duties of statesmat- ship, and that it enn be permanently done only ‘by tho cofiperation of the Lexlstative nnd Execs utive Departments of the Government, . Layuin commend tho whole subject to your considerate attention, POLYGAMY, It {e tho recognized duty aud purpose of the people of tho United Stutes to suppress polyg- amy where it now oxists In our Torrltorics, and toprovent ita extonsion, Faithful and zeatous efforts huva been. inate by tha United States authorities in Utah to enforco tho laws against it. Experience has shown that tho legislation upon this sublect, to bo effective, requires ox- tensive modificationand amendment. Thelonyer action fs delayed tho more dificult it will bo to avcomplish whut {4 desired. Prompt and deckied measures are nuccsenry. ‘Tho Mormon sectarian organization which upbolds polyyumy hus tho wholo power of making and oxcouting tho local Jogislution of tho ‘Yorritory. By its control of tho grand and petit Juries it possesses largo in- iluonco over tho administration of justice, Ex- orolsing, ag tho bends of this sect do, tho tocul political pawor of tho Territory, thoy ure ablo to mako effective tholr hostility to the law of Congress on the subject of polygamy, and, in fact, do prevent its enforcement. Polygumy will not bo abolished if the enforcomont of tho rinw dopends on those who practice and uphold tho crime. It can only be suppressed by taking away tho politient powor of the sect which on- cournges and sustains it, Tho power of Con- wross to ennet suitable laws to protect the Terrl+ tioa Is ample, It {gs not a caso for half-way measures, Tho political power of the Mormon sect Is increasing; itvontrola now one of our wenlthlest and most populous Territorics. Itis extoning etendily ‘into other ‘erritories. Wherover it gocs it establishes polygumy and seotarian political power. Tho sanctity of mare ringo and the family relation aro the corner stony of our Aimuricun socloty and civilization. Nelixious Mvorty und the scpiration of the Church ond State aro among tha clomentury Adlons of treo (netitutions.. To retatablish tho interests nnd prinelples which polygamy and: Mormonisin havo imperiled, and to fully reopen. to intolligout and virtuous iimmnigrants of all greeds that part of our domain whioh has been, Ina grout degree, closed to gener) Jmmigra- tlon fy {ntolerant and jinmorul institutions, it ta rocominenled that the Governmunt of the ‘Ter ritory of Utuh be reorganized, Ircenmimond that Congress provide for tho government of Utah by 1 Governor and Judges, Or Commlssionons, appointed by the l'rowident Bud contiemed by tho Semto,—a Government Analoyous to tho Provisional Governmont estab: Jished for tho torritury northwest of the Ohlo by tho ordinance of W467. if, however, it it deemed best to vontinuc tho oxisting fur of Jocul Government, 1 recomincnd that the right to vote, hutd office, and sit on Juries In the er ritory of Utah bu contined to those who aeithor Practice nor uphold pol: eae U thorough Ineasures tro Adopted, it ls polleved that within: 4 taw yenra the ovils which now atillot Utah will be oradicuted, and that this Territory will in good tine become one of tho inost prouperous and Attractive of tho now Stutosat the Union, Our rotations with all forelyn countrica havo been those of undisturbed pence, and have pros fontod no occasion fur concern as to thalr con- tluucd maintenance, TUE FISHERY QUESTION, By anticipauon of un curly reply from: the Lritiah Govermmont to the domand of indemnity to our tlahortnon for tho injuries sulfered by that industry at Fortune Bay, in January, 1678, which: Loxpressed in my Inst annul message, was dis- appointed, “This answer waa received only In tho Intter part of April In (ha prosont yoar, and, when received, exhibited a failure of ao- cord betweon the two Governments ns to tho Incasure of tho Sashorc-tlshing privilege sU- ourod to our Mahormon by tho ‘Treaty of Wash- ington of sosorious achuarnvter that I mado itthe subjoct of a communication to Congress, In which I recommended tho adoption of the meusurea which acomed ta mo proper to ho tuken by this Goyerament In muintennnpe of tho righta accorded tg our fsbormen under tho treaty, and towardé seeuring on indemnity for tho injury these interests had sulfored, A bill to carry out those reconimondations was under consideration by the House of Iteprosontatives Ut tho tuo Of the adjournment of Congress in Sune inet, E Within a few weeks I have recolved a commu: nication from hor Majesty's Government, rev nowlag the considoration of the sibjoct, both of the IJndotoutty for tha Injurios at Fortune Hay and of the intorprotation 6¢ the treaty in which tho prevloua correspondence had shown tho two Govornimonts to be at variance, Upon both these toplca tho disposition towards o friendly ugrooment te maniteatod by a recognt Hon of our right to an Indemnity. for the trans. actign at Fortuno Bay, leuving tho moasure of suck indumulty to further conference, and by tin ugsent to the view of, this Government, pre= sented In the prevlous correspondence, that the regulation of contlicting futerests of tho shure diahery of the Proviuciul suascosats, and tho vus- rel fishery of cur fishermen, should bo mado the subject of conferunes and conenrrout arrange- inent between tho two Governinenta, Tatnicorely hope that tho bari may be found forint speedy adjustment of the very serious divergenes of views tn the interpretation of tho fxbery chinses of tho ‘Treaty of Washington, whioh, 8 the correspondence botween the two Governments stool at the cluso of tho Inst aca sion of Congress, seamed to be Irreconallable, In thoimportant exhibition of arte nnd induse tries which was beld last yenr at Sydney, New South Wales, na well ae fo that now in progress at Melbourne, the United States have ‘tean eflictontly and honorably represented, ‘The ox- hibitors from this country atthe former place recoived a Jarge number of awards in somo of the most considerable ahaa tay and tho participation of the United Statea was reem:, nized by aapecial mark of distinction, In tho exhibition nt Melbourne tho share taken by our country is no less notable, and an equal degree of succoss is confidentiy expected. COMMERCIAL RELATIONS. Thostate of pence and tranquillity now eo Joyed by all the nations of the Continent of Rus ropo haa Ita favorable Influence upon ovr dlplo- matic and commereinl relntions with them, We Uave conclied and ratiiied a convention with tho French tlepublie Cor thosuttlement of ctuims of tho eltizens of uithor country against the othor. Undor this convention Commiastor, prealtol over by a dlatingulahed publictat, appointed, it pursuance of the reqtiest of both nations, by hls Majesty the Emperor of Brazil, has been organized and bas begin ite ressions itv this city, A conyrces to conatdar ineuns for the protection of industrial property: has recently been in session in Paris, to which T have appointed tho Ministers of tho United States In France and in Bolyluin as deteyntes. Tho International Commission upon Weights and Mensures alse continies its work in Pura, Tinylte your attention to the necessity of an ap- propriation to be niuie in time to enable thls Government to comply with {ts obligations un- der the Metrical Convention, . Our friendly, relutions with the German Em- pire continue without interruption, At the re- cent International Exhibition of Fish and Fish+ erles nt Berlin, the purticipation of the United States, notwithstanding the bate with which tho Commission wits forced to make bts prepurie tons, was extremely successful nnd meritorl- ‘ons, winning for private oxhibltars numerous awirdsof a high clnss, and for tho eamtry at Inrxo the prinelpal prize of honor offered hy his Malesty tho Emperor. The results of this great success cannot but be Rdvantageous to this tm- portant and growing industry, There have heen sotne questions raised between the tive Govern- ments as to the proper eifect and Interpretation treaties of naturalization, but recent. hes from our SMiulstier at Berlin show that favorable progress is making towned nn tindcratanding, in aecordanee with the views of this Government, whied makes atid mitts no distinetion whatever Letween the rights of it ative and a naturetized citizen of the United Ktates. In pructice, the complaints of molesta- Hon auifered by naturalized eltizens abroad have never been fowur thin wt present.” There ts nothing of Umportance to note in our unbroken friendly relations with tho Govern- ments of Austrin-Hungnry, Husain, Portugal, Hweden and Norway, Switzerland, Tirkey, tod FeveD, z Durhig tho Inst xummor several vessels be- longing to the merchant marine of thls country, siiliny I neutral waters of tho West Indies, were trod nt, bonrded, aid searched. by an armed ertiser of the Spuish Government. The elrcumstances, us reported, Involve not only a private injury to the persona concerned, put algo scemed to Uttly observant of tho friendly relations existing for n conttry between this country and Spain. ‘The wrong was brought te tho attention of tho Spanish Government Ini aorious protest nnd remonatrince, and the mat- ter te undergoing Investhmition by the Royal an thoritics, with a viow to Bitch ‘explanition or reprimtion as may be eatled for by the frets, ‘The Commission sitting in this city for the ad Judrention of claims of our cltizens agalnat the Government of Spain is, £ hope, approaching: the termination of its favors. The olnime auralnst tho United States under tho Florida Trenty with Spain were submitted to Congress for iis netion nt the Into sexslon, and T again snvite your attention to this long-, standing question, with a view toa tinal dlsposi- on of the matter, E : At tho invitation of the Spanish Governmant, a conterenee lng been held ut tho Cityof Madrid toconsider the protection by foreizn Powers of mative Moors in tho Empire of Moroes. The Minister of the United States In Spain was di- rectod to tuke partin tho deliberations of thls vonference, the result of which 1s convention siened an behalf of all the Powers reprosentod, Tho instrumont will be lad before the Sento for its considuration, The Government of the United States bas alsa lost no upportunity to. urdu opon that of tho Emperor of Morocco tho necessity, In uecodunes with tho humane ant cnightoned spirit of the nro, of putting an end to tho perscentions, whieh have been Bo provitont In tht country, of porsons of u faith other thin tho Moslem, and espeelally of the- Hebrow: residents of Morocco, ‘Tho Consular treaty convluded with Belglum has not ret been oiliclally promulgated, owlys to tho alteration of a word in tho text by the Sennte of tho United States, which avcasfaned n delay, during which tho thine allowed for ratte ention expired. ‘The Senato will be asked to ux- tond tho period fur ratification, —* Tho attempt to negotnto u treaty of extradl- tion with Denmurk failed on account of tho objection of tho Danish Government to the usual clue providing that each nution should pay the expense of tho arrest of the persons whoso extradition it asks. . ‘The provision maitc by Congress, at It last ses- Alon, fur the expense of.tha Commission which had been uppolnted to onter upon nexotiations with the Iniperial Government of China, on sib- jevts of great interest to tho relutions of tho two countries, cuabled tho Commissioners to procoed it ovce upon tholr mission. The Tmpe- rial Government was prepared to give prompt and respecttul attention to tho matters brought under otiation, and tho conferences ted eecded with such rapidity und success that, on tho lith of November lust, two treaties were signed at Pekin, ono relating to the introduction of Chinese into this country and one relating to. commoerca, Mr. Lreseott, ono of tha Cominis= sfoners, i6 now on his way home bringin the trentics, and it ia expected that thoy will be ro- colved In souson to bo lata before tho Senate onrly In Jinu a 2 Our Minister fn Japan bas neyotiated a con- yontion for tho reelproeul relief of shipwrecked seamen, 1 take occasion to urge ance moro upo Congress the propriety ‘of making pro- vision for tha erectlon of suitable Nreproot bulldings at the Japaneso Crpital for the use of tho Amortenn Legntion, and thocourt-housoand Jail connected with It. ‘The Japaucse Governe mont, with great genorosity und courtesy, has offered for tuls purpose iw cligtiie plece of land. An iny last annuut mussige | inyited the ation: tion of Congress to the subject of the fadojnnity funds received some year ago from Chinn and dapin, I renew the recommendation then mito, ‘that whatover portions of thesa funds tivo due to Amoricnn eltizena should be promptly: paid, and tho residue returned to the nutiona, ro- spcotively, to whlch they suatly und equitably Jongg. The oxtradition treaty with tho Kingdom ‘of tho Notborlands which has been for somo tine dh course of negutiition hus, during tho past year, been concluded and duly rattted, Kelations of friendship and amity have been established botween tho Government of the Unltod States and that of Roumania, We have kent a diplomatic representative to Buehareat, and huve recoived at this Capital the Sneelal Enyoy who has been vhurged by dite Thownt High- ness Privo Charles to nmounce tha Indepand. ent sovereignty af Roumanit. We hope fora speedy development of commercial relations bo- tween tho two countries, \ "MEXICO AND SOUTH AMERICA. Tn my Inat annual mosaiyo t oxprossud tho hope that the prevatonce of quiet on tho border betweon thls country and Mexico would Boon become so assured 18 to Justify tho miadifluation of tho orders then in force to our military com. mandera in regurd to crossing tho frontier, without encouraging such disturbances ns would ondanger tho peice of the two countriva, Events moved in acvorunee with thoso ox- pectations, and thy ordura wore uecordingly withdrawn,.to tho entire satisfaction of our own “eltizona and. tho Moxican Government, Subso- quontly tho penco of the bonior win again dis turbed by w savage foray, wnler tho command of the ebfof Victorto, but, by the combined and harmonious action of tha milttary foreea of hoth countricg, bis band bas boon broken upand substantially destroyed, ‘Thore {a rvason to votlove that tho obstacles which bave sv long preventod rapid and co: venient communication between the United States and Mexivo by rullways aroon the polnt of disappoariog, and that several importunt one terprisca of this charactor will soun be set on foot which cannot fail to contribute largely ta the prospority of both countrics, “Now onvoys from Guatemala, Colombia, Rolivin, Voncspota, aud Nicaraun huvo reeontly arrived at this Capital, whoue distinction and cn- Ughtenmont avord tho best guarunteo of the continuance of friendly rolatlons betwoen our solios aud those sister Ltopublics, ‘Tho relutions between this Government and , thut of tho United States of Colombla buvo ene guyod public attgntion during the past yeur, muinly by reason of tho project of un inture oceanic canal across the Jsthinus of Panama, to bo billt by private capital under 9 concession from the Colombian Governmont for that pur- poss, Tho treaty obltyutions subsisting botwoon, tho United Stutes and Colombia, by which we gunrunteo tho neutrality of tho transit and tho soverolynty wud property of Columbin in tho Isthinus, muke it neccssary that tho conditions undor which so alupan lice achupge in tha re- klon crubraced in this guarantee #Khould be ef footed, transforming, us tt would, this fathmus from u barrier between thy Athuutio and Pacitle Oceans {nto A patoway aod thoroughfare be- tween them forthe muvies aud the ivruhunte TUL DENCY yee ix ts les B=] ot \ES0—TWELVE PAGE a chips of the world,—should recelve tho approval of the this Government. as hein companinvie with the discharge of these obligations on our purt, And consistent with one Interests us tho Jetuelnal commercial Power of the Western foyiagere, The views wh Texpresed Ing Fpechel nessage ty Congress In Maren just in ris lation to thla project Fuvenn it iny duty again to pres4 upon sour-nttontion, “Subsequent consid eration has but confirmed the opinion “that It Js tho right and duty of the United Suites to ts sert and maintain such’ supervision and nu- thority over any intero-eanie ennal neroes tho Istiions that conneets North and South America us will beotect our Naffotul interest Tho war lotwe the Kepublis of Chilton tho ong hand and the allled Reoubles of 1 Hoilvin on tho other still cont a) ernmont his not felt entled upon te interfe: A content that ig within the beltiyorent ri tho partics ox fadependent Veh however, abaya beld oursel nld tn accommodating th at diferent thes re our willin Our good of feveptid both balllgerents of nider Rien Kervicg. this direction and Jt wit all the its, hoped thoy wold provd ouss butt rewret to announes that the measures which the Mine Asters of the United Stites nt Santhuzo and Lina Wore nuthorized to take with the view to bring aliout a peuce were not successful, Tn the course of tho wir soute queations have arisen affecting nentral richts: dnl of these tne Mi isters of thy Unlted States have under thelr f Btructions acted with pi ond energy in protectl ‘The re United States with tha Empire of Brazit continue ta be inost cordint, and thelr vommerehl interemtrse steadily Ine crenses to theds mutant ndvantave, ‘The Internal disorders with which the Argen- tne Hepublic hes for sone time part been altiicted, and whleh have more or lesa iitiuenced Ita external trade, are underetood to have been, Drought tow close. This bappy result may be expected to redouid ty the benellt of the fureien commerce of that Kepubite as well as to the des velopment of its vust Intertor resoitrees, In Sumon tie Government of King Malleton, under tho support aud recexyltion of the Can aidar Representutives of tug United states, Great Brittin, and Germany, seems to hive wivon pence and: tranquillity to tho Islands, Woile st toes not appear desirable vo adopt as a whole the scheme of | tripartite focal government which hug been proposed, tho common Interests of tho three great treaty Powers require harmony in thelr rela. Uonsto the itive fran of government, nid thls nny be best secured by uw stinple diplomatic agreement beuween them. It wonld he well bf the Consular Jurisdiction of our representative ut Apia were “inerensed Si extent and Hnpor- fancy sous te gird Amerienn interests Inthe alrrounding and outlyhng isiands of Occunica, pul NRK, yenerousty present by tho yo or ee to the City of New York, has rrived fit this country, aud will soon be erected In that metropolis. A Commission f tho liquidation of the Egyptian dete hus ta coueluded its weds, and this Gi ninent. ut te varnost solleitation of the Khedt nis neced ud tothe provisions adopted by it, whieh wilt be lala before Congress for Its iformution. A Com mission forthe revision of thy judichil cody of tho Lefortn ‘Tribunul of Egypt fs now tn session fn Calro. Mr, Farman, Consul-Geacrat, aud J. M, Batel f Eeyhave been appointed Ce missioners to participate in this work, orgunization of the reform tribunals will prob- ably be continued for anuther pericd of tive years. . Jn pursuance of the act passed at the Inst acs- sion of Congress, invitations iinve been extended to foreign inaritimy States to Join ina suntury conference tn Washington, beginning on the 1st ofdanuary. The neceptuce of tuissuvkution by muny prominent Powers gives promise of suce cess Ih tha fmportant measure, designed to blish e system af internution notitteaton y which th read of Infectious ur opklemia disenses inuy be moro eifectively checked or provented. The attention of Congress ts Invited: toth sry Appropriations for to offeet tho provisions of the avt referred to, ‘Tho efforts of the Department of State to ens large the trade end commerce of the United Stutex, through the netive mugoney of Consiiur ollicers und through the dissemination of hifar- ination obtained from them, have been unre Jnxet, The interest In these ciforts, as devel- oped in our commercial communities, und the value of the information sceured by this uicans: tothe trade und nunufactures of the coniutry, wero recognized by Congress at Its hist session, ‘and provision. was mado for the moro frequent pa ication of Consular und other reports by tho departinent of State, Tye first fsse of this publication his now been prepnred, und subso- quent issues muy regularly be uxpected. The fine portance und hiterest attdebed to the reports of Consular officers are witnessed by the general demand for them by all classes of merchants and manufacturers engaged in our: forelen trudge, Itis believed tlitt tho syatem of sich publications iy deserving of the approval of Congress, and that tho nvcessary upproprintions for tts continuance und enlargement will coin tuond Itself to your cousiderntion, ses Tey ces Int ‘a reenntly OUR CARRYING TRADE. Tho prosporous energies of our domestic Ine Mustrics, and thefy finmense - production of tho subjects of foreign conunorce, {nvite, and even require, an nutive development of the wishes and interests of our people in that direction. _ Especially important is it that our commercial relations with tho Athintio and. Pacific cansta of South Amorica, with the West Indies and tho Gulf of Mexico should be direct, and not through tho cireult of European systems, and should bo enrelcd on in gur own bottoms, Tho full apore- elation of the oppurtunities which oue front on the Puelfis Oveau gives to commerce with Japan, Chinn, and tho East Indies, with Aus- tralia and tho Island groups which Me atone those routes of navigation, ahould inspire equal elforts to appropriate to aur own ‘ehipping and to administer by our own capltila due propor- ton of tha trade, - Whatover modifications of our regulations of trade and navigation may bo necessury or useful to meet and direct these impulses to the enlargement of our exchanges and of cur carrying trade Lam sure tho wisdom ot Congress will be ready to supply, Our Initial Tnensure, however, scams to mu socleurly useful ond ciliclent that 1 yenturs to press it upon your curnest attention. It seems to bo very vient that tho provis- "ton of rogular atenm-postal communtention, by uid from Government, bus Leen the forerunner of commercial predomiuance of Great Britn on alt those consts and scas, a groater shure in whose trido is now tho destro and tho intent of our people, It fs alse manifest that tho olforts of other European nations to con- tond with Great Britula for u shure of thls com= meres have been suceessful In proportion with tholy adoption of regular steame-postat commu nieation with tho murkets whose trade thoy Rought, Mexico and the States of South Amer iva iro anxious to recelye such postal cammunt- vations with this country, and to ald in thelr development. | Slintlar “eoiperation may. looked for in due thine from the Eastern nidions and from Australin, Jt fs dilicult to see how tho lent in this movement ean be expected from Private duterests. ln respect of foreign com Inorce, quite 18 much ns In Internal trudy, communtention seems neceasnrily a matter of common und alle administration, and thing portuining ta Government. t respocttuily reve ommend to your prompt attention such Just and elticiont imnensures as may conduce tothe development of our foreign commercial foralgn teats and tho building up of our carrying Td. Jn this connectton I desire lao to suggest tho posted vory grent service which might be expected in enlarging and factiltuting our commerce in tho VYaciile nm, wore a tramnaring cable lnitd from San Francisco to the Sandwich Islands, und thoneo to Jupan at the north und Australian at the south, Tho great intluence of such means of communteation on those routes of navign- ton, Indeveloping and securing tho due anare af our Paciie Coast fn the commerce of the world, needs no illustration or enforceniont. It “tony Do that such an enterprise, aveful and i tho end proftnuly as it would prove to private: entorprise, may need tobe accelerated by prue dent legislation by Congress in iusatd, and S pub+ tult tho matter to your careful causiderition. An addidonnl, and not unimportant, although secondary, reason for fostering and colirging woe navy iar bo found in tho unquestionable service ‘tor the expansion of our commerce, which would be ranidered by the frequent cle sus lution of naval ships in tho ens and ports of all quitters of tho ginbe. Ships of the propor cons wirucdon anid equipment, tobe of tho gréatest ofticiepey i case of marition war, ought buimnade conatynt aud active Tet in time of peace: in the adyancomont and protection of our fore olen trite, and in the nurture und discipline of youn seutnen, whe would. amturily, fn xomy numbon; nlx with and improve the crows 6 our Ioronant ships, Our merehants at bau 1 abroud re iz0 tha Vatie tu forclen uF moroo OF an ue! inovoINONt of OUT TV Bol, and, the intullizence nud puitriotio zeal of our naval altlcors in promoting every latercat of then countrymen, lon Just subject of Nutlonal ride, | \ THE FINANCES, Tho condition of tho tinanclul affairs of tho Govérmrnnt, as shown by the report of tha Scerotury of tho ‘treasury, is vory sutiefuctury, Jt fs Loliovod that tho present fnanelal situation of the United States, whether considered with: respeet to trade, currency, credit, growing wealth, or tho uxtont and yarluty of ur re sources, ig more favurublu than thatot any othor country of our thie, aud has never beon sur passed by thi} of any country ut any period of its history, Ad our luduatrlps tire thriving; tho. rato of Intorostis low; new railroads are being gonstructod; a vast fiumigration Is incronsiug our populition, sapital, and Jabor; new unter prises in great number aro in progress; and our commercial reludions with other countries are Improving, Thu ordinary revenues, from all sotrcus, for ‘tho Uscal year onded Juno Wy, 1850, wera: From customs... $160,522,004 From fafernat revenue Lioast From UIs, TOM From repat : Thatiway Puriled...., a. J,TUT SOT Frow sliking-tund for Pavitle ail. . WEY COMPULICS. sor crreceedsresereoees, 780,021 quires tha colunge of silver dol 4 ment property, From profits oti col From revenues of the Di Columbin,... ... From miscellaneous SEE 20,010 Total ordinary receipts... Brune poriod Tho ordinary exponiitures for thie Kor elvit oxpenses.,... 2008 TH TKS 088 For foreign intercourse. Jah! For Indattse... ees eees scence GAH He For pensions, including $1 AAEREAENOT poUELAIE. BOTTA rar the wat itary palnbiishmont, inte x tiver and harbor improves twenita and arse seress 88,106,010 For the naval ut, tnetude ing vessels, snchinery, nud improves AIMONESAE NALS -PIETY vce eeeeeses, 1G OG For tnisceltuncous expondiqir eluding — publi pultdinies, _hottees, and eo For expentitures on ne District of Columbia. For jntorest on the public ded For premium on bonds purchused,,.. 34,535,601 Total ordinury expunditures....., $20 Leaving a surplus revenun of......5..8 ORs 05) Which, with im amount drawn from Abe cush balunce in Treasury, of... 8,08, 0H deiny ue the slik ity Fut OF fenetionnl eurrency. Of tho k 1604, y oun. Of bounty-land surly tf compoundeintere: notes of IM} OF ong und two year a Of old demand notes.,.. ‘Total, Tho sine eke tinge year was Siar, livre wus npplie the suin of SohN0151s, buing Sos) In excess Of the acthal requirements for the years The uyeregute of the revenues from all sources during the theeal year ended dune 2, 18D, Was 835,500,610, an ineretse over the pre: eoding your uf 434 ‘The recelpts thus Tar of the enrrent your, togethor with, the esti inated receipts for the remainder of the seur, Amount to S4,00,000, which will be sullickent (0 Incet the estimated, expenditures of the yeur, and feave nt surphis of B4,00),00, it ta fortunute that this large surplus revenue occurs ut nt pertod when it may be directly up. piled te the payment of tho pubiie debt soon to bo redeematic. Nu public duty hug been mura conatandly cherished in thy United Suttes: tht the poliey of paytus thy Nation's debt as rapidly” 48 possible, The debt of the United Treasury and exelusive attained Jos matin ein Iv nd Tg eliee that tine been ELS GOTO OF the prineipul ¢ ‘73,100 has Dect: paid eines Mare Mg an nouual suving of in MEO, VOTERS, The bunien of interest hus also been diminished, by the sulo of bonds benrinyge a low rate of iyter- est. and the nppileation of the proceeds to the a ae of bonds bearitug a higher rate Annual saving thus secured since Maret |, Js $14. 000,45, Within a short perlod over slx fons of band 6 per cont. bo: deemuble. ‘This presents wy Portunity not only to further reduce tho princt pal of the debt, but also te redice the rate of Oferedt on Quit which will remain unpaid. L cull tbe attention of Congress tw the views ex- pressed on this gulject by the Secretary of the Treasury ty his anpital report, and recommend prompt texistitlon, to enable the Treasury De- partment to complete the refunding of the debt Which ts nbout to muture, 3 ‘The continusnes of specie-puyments bas not buen Interrupted or endangered sinee the dite of resumption. It hag contributed greatly to. the revival of business and to our remurkable prosperity. The fours that preceeded mid accom- panled resumption have proved groundiess. No. considerable amount, of United States notes have been presented for redemption, while very argo sums of wold bullion, both domestic anit Imported, ttre taken te the mints and exchanged for coin or notes. fhe inerense of evolu tnd bullion In the United States since Jun. 1, 187), 13 estimnted at $27,300,403, Chery tre still in oxistence, tncanccled, Sil0,631,016 of United States lezal-tender notes: ‘These notes were authorized asa war measure, made necessary by the exigencies nf the con- let In whieh the "United States was then en- giked, Tho preservation of the Nation's ex- Astence rerulred, in tho Judgment of Congress, ain tag Of logal-tonder’ paper money, ‘That lt Ferved well the purpose for which it was erented is not questioned, but: the cimployment of the notes ts paper money indefnitty, utter tho ne- comptishinent of the object for which thoy were provided, wag not contempinted by the framers of the hiw under whieh they were issued, Thess notes loug shice became Ike upy other pecunl- ary obligation of tha Government,—a debit to be patil, and, when pild, to be canceled as mero ovidence of wn indebtedness no longer existing. 1 therefore repent-what wna eald in tho annual uicesnge of lust year, that the retirement from elreulation of Uulted States notes, with tha capacity of legal-tender ty private contracts, is step to be tiken’ in our progress towards a safe and strble currensy, whieh should be nce cepted na the paliey and) duty. of the Govern: ment and the interest and sceurity of the peo a. Stutes, less cash in tha Intervat, ua Lay hundred milt- “il become re favorable 0) SILVER, At tho time of the paseage of tho act now in fore requiring the cofnige of sliver dollars, fixe ing tholr value and giving thon lemul-tendor charactor, it was belleved by many of tho sup: porters of tho monsure that the silver dollar, which tt authorized, would speatily heeome, Under the operations of tho law, of equivalent yalue to tho gold dollar, ‘There Were othor sup- porters of thy bill, who, whilo'they doubted as to the probability of this result, nevertheless were willlng to give the proposed experiment 4 fair tral, with a view to stop the oolnayo, if experl- ence should prove that tho sllvor dollur author: ized by the bill continued to be of less commer- elal value thin the standard gold doltar, ‘Tho coinage of silver dollars, under tho act re- ferred to, beaun in March, 18%8, and bas been continued a8 required by tha uct. Tho uvorazo rate por month to thu present tine hag been Ry fide, The total umount coined prior to tho Ist of Novombor last was $72,817,760, Of this amount $47,081,400 remuin in tho Treusury, and only 825,- 1 ure fu thu hands of the people, A constant effort has teen mide to keep this currency ia circulation, and considerable ex- | pense bas been necessarily incurred for this pure pose, but its return to the Treasury fy prompt and sure, Contrary to tho confident nnticipation of the frionds of ‘tha mensure the thie of tte ton, tho vilue of tho silver contaln- 2 eriingof allver, lus notinerensyd. Dare {ng the yoar prior to the passage of the DIU an thorlzing {te coinaye the market value of tho silver which ft contained was from W to 02 conte, ag compared with the standard yold dolly, Dur- tug tho lust yeur the averase markot value of thu allver dollur bas been B44 cents. Tt $9 obvious thut the leylstation of tho lust Cougress in regard to sliver, sa farus it wis bused on an taticipated rise in the value of sil- verataresultot tit legislation, has failed to produce the effeut then predicted, Tho Jonyer the huw rematas in force, requiring ns It doos tho colnage of a vominal daltir, which, in reality, 's notadollar, tho greater bevomes the dinger hat thiscountry wilt hy forced to necepe it iit metal KB tho sole tegnt atiundurd of vatue in cle culation, and this a standard of leas yulug than it purports to by worth in the revoynized money of the world, The Constitution of tho United States, sound Natnelul principies, and our best iiterusts, alt require that the country shuiid have ue its legate tonider money, both wold and silver colt, of in Intrinsie value, is bullion, equivalont to that which. npan its face, it purporta to possess, Tho Constitution, fi express terms, recognizes both guld and «liver aa tho only true legal-tendoe money. ‘To banish elthor of thoaa motals from our currency 18. ta warrow and Minit the elrou- luting mediuim of exchango to the disparage: ment of tmportant intercats, Tho United’states. produces more sliver tin any other vountry; and is dirvctly Interested: fo inalntiining it a8 one of the wWwo pecgions Teta whieh furnish the coinage of tho world, It with in my judge Ment contribute to this result repoul so tauch of existing te if Congress will laintion ue ro- ars contain Wy $teis eeuins of allver, and fn its stend uuthorizo the Scerotury of tho Trensury to ¢ sliver: doliirs of equivalent valu with geld: dots, “Chis will de! aud wi be in accordance with f11 dapts, - Congress, on suveral alterey?t the ratio of value betw ailyor, in order to establish It more nearly in ne vordunes with the actual ratio of value between tho two metals. To Gnunelal legistation every measure in tho diroetion of gronter tdelity in” thy. tisehuree of pecunlary oblimtions has been found by ex. pertence to diintnlst the rates of futerost which debtors aro. requis to ply, and to jnerutve tho facility with which money can bo obtalned for covery legithmiute purpose, Our own recent thuicial bigtory ahows how giurely money be- cotres abanidant whenever contidence tn thg e! uct performance of moneyed obligations is cs tablahed, wid nO Tn, Mar preces THE AUMY, The Socrotary of War reports that the oxpond> Ituros of the War Department fur the flecal year ended June 00, 1880, Wore BOLT The apr propriations tor this Dopurtmont, for tho cur rout fiseal your, amount to 841,000,010.40, With pespoct ty tho army, the Secretary ine yitos attention to tho fuct that its streneth ts Husted by statute Wee. 1,115, Revised Statutes) fu not more than 90,000 ontisted men, but that provisos contulned In appropriation bills bayo mited yxponditures ta the entistinené of but 23,000, Itis bellaved the full-strength ta the luust posslble force at which the prevent orgun- Jeution cun be mulutainod, having in viow util: clonoy, discipline, and counomy, Whilo tha en- Iotinent of this forge wouldt add somewhat to tho upproprlution fur pay of the vrmy, the save {1g mnde In other respects would be moro than an equivalont for thia additional outiny, and tha ellclency of the army would bo largely ine erenaed, The rapid extension of the ratlroad «stem west of the Misalastppl Hiver, and the great thie of settlers whieh lite Hawed in upon new torri+ tory, hupose on the military an entire chine of Polley. The imaintenanee of small posts along ‘waxon and stage routes of travel fs no longer necesmiry, Permanent quarters nt potnts se- lectetl, of a mora substantint character than thera heretofore consteucicd, wil be required. Under existing tae, permanent buildings enn- fot be erected without the xanctivn at Congress, nod when sales of military sites and budidings have been nuthorized, the moneys received have reverted to the Treasury, and could only become available throughs new appropriation, Tt Is recormenrled that provision be made, by a gen~ eral statute, for the aale of puch abindened inilitary posts and bultlings as are found to be unnecessary, aud for the npplication af tha pros ceeds to the construction uf other pusts, Whlle many of the present posts are of but slight vale ue for tnititury purposes, owlng ta the changed eoniition of the country, tholr oceupition continued wt great expense and inconvenience, beenuse they attord tho only available shelter for troops, The absence of n lacze number of officers of the line, In Ive duty, from thete regiments, 18 aserlous detrinent to the inainteninee of the service, The constantdemnand for detachine euch of which stould be countanded by 0 cons Wd the vurlous dotrils of i 'y servies away from their conan, mirelty) Ii the number required tor company dattes, With a view to lessening this druin to some extent, it Is reeome memted that the faw authorizing the detail of officers from tho netive list ag professors of Mhetles and inilftury science nt certuln colleres: and antversttics, be so amended ns to provite thit ull sueh detalla be mude froin the retired list of tho army. Mtteution [s itsked to the necesalty nf provide ing hy legislation for organlaing, arming, and Arelplining the acti: militie of the country, tind Hberat appropriations are recommended In this behalf. ‘Tho reports of the Adjutant eral of the army and the Chief of Orina tauehiag this subject fully sot forth ita impor- nore Th ‘eport of the officer In echurge of educr tlon in the arms shows that thery are sev elyht schools now i operntion In the nen An ngerewite uttendance af 2005 enlisted men and child Thu recommends the enlistinent oF st ry with the im and pay ‘Commits: kary-Fergeants, An ‘approprintion is needed to supply the Judge Advocates of the alriny with suitable Hbraries, and the Seerctary recommends thit the carps of Judge Add Pliced upon the same Looting, 18 to promo= tion, with the ather stall corps of the aviny. Une der existing laws, tho Bureau of Miliary dus tee consiats of one olticer, the JudueeAdvocn' General, and the Corps of Judge Advocates of eleht olficers of equit rans (Majors), with a pro- Visto Uuit the finit of the ete shall rennin ot four, when reduced ie castalty or realynit= tion to that number. The consolidation of the Vuresu of Milltary Justice and the Corps of dude: Advocates, Upon the saing basis with the other stil vorps of tho army, work! remove it Majust diseriabnition against deaceving oficers, and suleryo the best interests of tho service, ech attention is asker to the report of ers Upon the condition of fenses, From on personal ine of the fortitivations referre fanble to eniptusize the rece dtaxtute’ that thelr ite elexs condition 14 diaes While other nations five pf mA he Seerctury Inendations i complete und def aula to the countrys, en Increasing thetr menus for earry lig on ut fensive warfare und ultacking — nurithne citles, we have been dormant tion for ofense; nothing tance has been done tawurds Civil War, during whieh the great puns. 0! inodern warfare and the heavy armor of modert: fortilendions and ships came imto use among the mations, aud our carthworks le! by at sudden fallure of uppropriations some years sloce, in nil stages of Incumpletion, are now being rapidly destroyed by the elemun! RIVER IMPROVEMEN'tS, Thetwo greut rivera of the North American Continent, the Mississippi and the Coliunblis, have their navigable waters wholly within the Units of the United States, and are of vast im- Portunee to our internal and foreign couunerce, ‘The permanency of the important work on the South Pass of tho Mississippi Wiver seums now to be assured. There has been no fullure what ever in thonulntennnee of the maximumenaniel during the six months ended Aux, J Inst. ‘This experiment ity opencd a broad, deep highway: to the ocean, and {8 an hinprovement, upon the Permanent sticcess of which congratulations: may be exchauged umung people abroad and at home, and especially among the communitics of tho Mississippl Valley, whose commercial ex- changes float In nn unobstructed channel sufely, tonnd from Une sea, A vamprehensive Improvement of tha Missis- sippt and its tributaries is a tuntter of trans. vendant importance, These great water-way's comprise a system of Snland transportation spread ke network over a large portion of the United Sutes, und navignble to the oxtent of inany thousands of miles. Producers aud con- sumer alk bave a common Interest in such unequaled fucllitios for cheup transportation, G cographically, Coummeresfally, und potitieally, they tre the stronuest Ue between tho varias, eectlons of the country. These channels of coins Yuuniention and interchange are the property of the Nation, Its jurisdiction iy paruiwount over their waters, and tho platuest principles of pub= Ue interest require tl InteHigent and careful supervision, with a ¥ to their protection, tine brovetnent, and thy cubancement ut thew usc- fulness. Thu channel of the Columbin River, fora dis- tance of about 100 inties trom Its mouth, Is ob- atructed by a euceession of burs whleh oecasion sorfous delays (n nuvigation, and heavy expense for lighterage and towing depth of nt lent twonty fuct it low tide shoutd be seeured and malntalned to meet the requirements of the ox- tensive and growlng Inu and ocean coutucres itpubserves, The most urgent need, however, for thig great waterway Is permanent tine provement of the channel at the mouth of the Ts From Columbii River to Ran Francisco, 0 distance of over 090 miles, there fs nu harbor on our Pueltle const which ean be appronched during sturmy weather, An approp $10,000 wus tinde by tho Forty-fitth: for tho camineneement of a breakwater and hurbor of refuye, to be located at sume polat bes Uveen the Stitt Ficn and Sun Prineiico, at Which tue necessities of commerce, toca) aid general, will be .best accommodated, The amount appropriated Is thoight to be quite ine adaqunte tor the purpose fatendod. Pho cust of the work, when finikhed, will by very great, owlng to the want of nutural advantages for a site at uns point on the couxt between the desige ited Holts, and ft lies not been thought ta be odvisuble to undertuke the work without 0 Jarger appropriation, Teommend tho matter to the attention of Canress, ‘he completion of tho new building for the War pepurtuent é urgegtly needed, und tho er- thinutes for continutng its construddon ure vspa- ciutly reoummented, - LIBRARY, ‘Tho collections of books, specitacns, and reo- ords constituting tho Army Medical Museam and Library are Of National importance, The brary wow containg about ifty-one thousand five bundred (51,600) volumes and’ Afty-seven thotsand (7,000) pamphiets relating to medicine, surgery, and allied taupe ‘The contents of tho Army Medicn! Musouio consist of twenty. two thousand (20) apeehnens, and are. unique in the compictencss with which both military surgery and tho diseases of urmles are Mlustrated, Their destruction would bo an (rre= parable loss, not only to (ie United States, but to the world, ‘Thero wre filed In the Recor! und Peusion Division nyer aixteen thousand (10,000) bound volumes Gf hospital records, together witb a great quantity of papers, embraging tho Orlginal rovords of the hospitals of our acuites durlng the Civil War, Aside from thelr bls+ torical yalue, these records ure dutty searched tor evidence uveded fn thy sottioment of large Munbers of pension and other elahns, for tho protection of the Government aging ation ptt reds, as well ds Cor the bencont of honest claimants, Those valuable collections are now din bullding whieh $8 peettiarly ea poset to Oto danger of destruction by tlre, therefore carneatly recommended that in upproprintion ¢, is buliion, j-be muddy for a wew tre-proat building, ndequata for the present needs nod reasonnbie fire ox pan of those valuable colle yeh pathdiny howl bo alsalutoly tt 1) OX= pemliture for quero areblte fa ros quired. It {s believed that a suitubie mtrueture: can be vrected nt a cust not te exceed te buns dived wind fifty thousand dollars (E2000 Tenmmend to the attention of Congress the Rrout.ervices of tho ComiunndoreineChlet of our atmics durhug the War for the Union, whase wise, flea, und patriotic conde did wo much to Dring that mementous conics ton close, ‘The legtehition of the United Stites’ contuing many preeedents for the cocommiten of dlstingulehed Willitary swevit, authoring rank and emolue menta to be coaterred for oniinent survicus to the country, An uct of Congress authorizing the appaintwient of a CaptiineGeneral of the ety, with suitable provistond relutting to cous pemmtion, retiremont, and othor sotalls, would, Way Judgment, be altogether ttting and pros per, aid would be warmly approved by tho Country. : — TUE NAVY, - Tho report of tho Secretary of the Navy exe hibits the successful and entlefactory wunage- ment of that Department durin the lust tiscul year, The total oxponditures for tho yeur were F15,00,00), leaving unvxponded at tho close of tho your €2,141,082 of the amount of available appropriations, ‘The ,uppruprintions for tho Pecsont fiseal yoar ending June WO, Jessi, are $15,- Oui; and tho total esthinutes for the next Aseal your cndiug June 50, 1523, ure 81 uoioh ‘Tho amoung Arawe by warrant tru July 1, 1880, to Nov. 1, 1880, 14 5,041,280. ‘Tke recommendation uf tho Secratury of tho Navy, that proviston be mnie for tho establish mont of somo form of efvil government for tho people of Alaska, Is approved. At present” thore {s no protection of persons or property ‘that Torritory, except euch ns: is Mfforded by tho officers of tho United States’ ship Jamestown, This vessel wad dispatched to Sitka, beenuso ,of the [fcar that, without the linmeditte presence of thy Natlonal / Guthority, there was impending danger of Anarchy, ‘Tho steps to restore onier have beer He test tn geal fatth by bot white and tndian Inhubitants, and the necesalty for this niothod Of restralnt does not, In’ my opinion, now exists If, howover, the Jamestown should be withs- Grawn, leaving the people, as at present, with ott the ordinary. Judicial aid administrative + nuthority of oneanized local rovernmont, serigus: consequences intzht enyua, The nwa provide only for the cdllection of - revenue, the protection of public property, aud: the trinsimfssion of tha malls, ‘Cho problem is. ty supply ntocal rule fora poputation 30 scate tered and so peetiinr in its origin and condition. The natives ure reported to bo teachable and kelf-supporting, and, If properly instructed, 1. doubtless would advaneo rapidiy in elvitization, and whew fuctor of prosperity would he nded tothe National flfe. f therefore recommen the requtsit egisiation upon this suber Tho Seerctary of the Navy bins taken etops . towards tha extablishment of nuyal coatings stations at the Isthmus of Panam, to neet, of our vormime: the penile ROT ES i relitiona with Centr) und South which are mipidly growing: 2, pentions eminently — sultable, unis oe naval pur; ce, have been Kel ono ON the east side af the Isthinur, at Chiriqul Lagoon, in nnd tha otheron the Pichie y Of Galtit. ‘The only safe bare Micienty conuncdous, on the Isthinis, ints, und the distance between 0) infles. Tho report of tho coneludes with valuable respect te the bultding up of Hur merclinnt-niirine kervies, which deserve tho favorable consideration of Congross, THE POST-OFVICE, The report of the Postinaster-Gencral exhibits the continual wrawth and tho high stnte of ettl- cleney of the post service. The operations ot no Departinent of the Government, perhips, represont with wrenter exactness the Ineresae in the population and the business of the try. 11194), the postil receipts were $8, dn 1880, the receipts were SEhi5Ai, Inhabitants of the country are directly and per= sonully Interested In baying proper mail felts tes, and naturally watch the Post-Osce very . closely. ‘This cureful oversight on tho part of the people bas proved it constant atimulus to Hprovemont. Durwy the past year theru wit un increase of 2,038 pust-nitices, and the, mult routes were extended 27,157 mites, making an addition! aout) transportation of 10,834 IL os And tho uKcs tnlles, ‘Phe reventies of the Pushtl service for he dine Year are estimated ut $8,515, nd the onititures vt St, HAE, leavin Les fieleney tobe appropriated out of the ‘Treasury OF Sh aT. The Universal Postal Union bas recetyod the necession of almost all the countries and colu-- nies of tho world inaintatiing oreanized postal eervices. ind It ts contidenth: expected that il tho other countries und colonies nuw outside the Union will soon unite therewith, thus reiu- Ving tho urand idea and alm of the fotinters of the Union, of formtzug, for purposes of fnternit- Monel inal] communiention, u siugte postal ter- rtury embracing the world, with complete unis fornilty cf postal charges, and conditions of interontiona nee, forall deseriptions of eorrespondenes, ‘Lu enable the United States todo its full shire of tha great work, addition: legistation Is uskea by the Postinaster-General, tune soe. recommendauions espechil attention Is called, 4 ‘The suggestion of tho Postmnster-Goneral, ' thatit would be wise t1 etheonrmio, by appro priate lesislation, the ettublishment of American (iiex of steamers by our own citizen, to carry: the mils between our ows ports and thoy of Mexico, Central America, South America, and of trins-Pacltic countries, is gammended to tho verona consiferation of Congress. . The wventlon of Congres 13 also luviterd to the sugiestionsof the Postmuster-General in regard. to postal savings. . TIE Cou * ‘The necessity for additional provision to ald In the transaction of the business of the Federal Courts bevomes exch year more apparent. ‘Tho dovkets of the Supreme Court, und of thoCirealt Courts, inthe greuter number of the clreuits, are invumbered with) the constunt accessfon of eases, Inthe furiner court, and fa muny Ine stnnees hy tho Clreult Courts, years interveus. before It ts practlenbie to bring cnses tu henring. Tho Attorney-General recommends the extub: Jishinent af an Intermediate Court of Errors and Append, Itisrezummended thut the nuanber of Judges of tho Circult Court tn cach ofruic, with the exeention of tho Second Cireust, shantd ‘bo Increased by tha addition of another Judge; in the Second Clreniz, that twa shauld be aldeds and that an Intermediate. Appellate Court should Ve formed in each circuit, to comstat the Gir eutit Judges and the Cireult: Justice, and that in tho event of the absence of olther of thoi Judges tho place of : the nbsent Judge ebould be suppiied by tho Judge of one oft the Distries, Courts fu the ciremit., Such an Appelute Cote: vould be sufely invested with urge Jurisdiction, and ftx deelsions would sittisfy suitors fn many vases where appeals would still be aligwed to tho. Supreme Court, wexpense Incurred fur this futerinedt oust Wi requiry a very moderate inerensy of the apprupriadons for the expunses of the Department of Justice, This recum- twendation ts commended to the eareful cunslds * eration of Congre It Isevidunt that a delay of justice, ia many ~ instances oppressive and ilsnstrous to suitars,” now neerssarily occure tn tho Moteral Courts, * which will In this way be remedied, ‘ THE INDIANS. PKs The report of tho Sceretary of tho Interiot: Presents an claborate account of tho operutions of that Department duriag tho past year, Lt wives ine grout plensure to say thit our. Indian attains appenr te be ta nore hopeful condition now thinrever before, Tho Indians have made gratifying progress In agcloulture, berding, and miechunlent puraults, Many who weru. a low years ago in hostile contlict with tho Govern- ment ive quiutly settling down on tirma whero they hope too make tholr permanent homes, Yuildiug houses and engaging in tho ovcupations’ of vivilized life, Tho introduction of the frelghting business among thom hus been re= markably fruitful of good reauits, In atving many of thom congenial and remunerative cms ployment, and in atimulating tholr ambition to eurn thotr own support. Thelr honesty, Ndellty, and efllcloncy ns carriers are highly pralsed, The orgunization of n police force of Indinus tis been equally successful in maintaining law! wad onlor upon the resorviations, and {1 exeraise dng a wholesome mori) Intuenes amotus the ln dhuns themselves. I concur with the Beuretary , , of the hiterior tn the recommendation that tho * pay of this Fores be meronsed, as at Indices. Tnunt Co tho best class of young tua to entye It. Mueh enre und attention hia been devoted to thy enlargement of educational faellitles for the Indians, The means ividlable for this line pavtant object hive been very inndequate, A ww miditionad bornting- schools at Indian Agen vies buve Vestiblished, and the orvution of * baldings Hobexun for several more, but’ bia nerenst the appropriations tor this luters esting undertiktag ts greatly needed ta novome inodute thy hirge nur Me Tachi children ot svhool aye, ‘Phy nuiiber olfored by tholr parents, from ult parts of the country for education In the Government achools is much larger thin can be negommodited With the monns at present available for tuat purpose, ‘Lhe wimbur of didn puplly nt the Normal Sehual at) Hompt 5 Va, vader the direction ot Gen, Arinstrong, has bean conshlerably Iuerensed, and their progress ‘ta highly encaurucing. ‘The Indian setivol extabe Habed by the Daterior Dupartmont in 2s8iy at Carllale, Pay Wuder the dlreetion of Capt Pratt, as toon caunily successtul, thay now nearly SU pps ot Leth sexes, representing a rout Varloty of tho tribes cust of the Hovky Maun wind “The pupils in both these Instititions: re-' ceive not only nn elomentiry Enygllat education, but ave also instructed: tn housuwark, airrigalture, and useful miechanlonl pursuits, A slfultar selool wats cx Awbllahod this pe Wt Forust Grove, Ure. far tho eluention of Tdi youth on the Pacitle Coast. * Jn addition to Unis, thirty-six dadhin boys and airls wero selected from the Bastern Cherokeod He vhiced in bourding-schouls in North Caros tin, where thay are to recelye an olementary Vnalish odluention and tralning fa didusteiad puis + bulla. The Intercat shown by didiun pureats, Ovon nmOn Che xo-cullcd WIT telhes, in the eds neation of thelr chitlron, ty very gradty lags und HtVoN promi that the results aecompilsbed by the elturta now aiaking will be of lasting bonetlt. * ‘The expenses OF Indian education lutva Bo Cae Deen drawn from the poriuunent oivilization- ftd at the disposal of the Department of the * Interior; but the fund ta now se much reduced + that the continunnce of thla bonetiehl work will dun tho future ad on speolile apnea vous o hy Congress the Puepper and 2 venture ta */ expresn tha hopa that Congress will not permit Insitutions so Frittind of geal results to portah | ~ for Want of means for thelr support, On tho * contrey, in dnerense of the number of such schools appears to ine bivhly advisable, oo The past year has been unusually free from | disturbances ameny tho Indiun tribes, An ~ agrecnient hag been inude with te Utes, by | which thoy surrender thotr Inrgo roservation in | ~ Colorado i considerntion of an annuity, te be * pad to thom, aud agree to settle fu severulty on soortaln hinds, dedigutted for thut purpose, 1s farmers, boldlay iudiyiduut title to thefr land in tee-sitnple, inallonable for a certuln pertad, in this way a costly Indhin war hes been ayolded, which, at one thoe, seemed finuinont, und, fi the test tino du the history of tho county: Jatin nation hing given up its tribul exist , tu bo settled fo suveraity, aud ty five aa tadh viduals tader the common proteutlon and liws or tho country, ‘The conduct of the Tidings * throughout tha ‘country during the past year, with but fie notoworthy, axceptlongthas booed". orderly und pencotul. Tha guerrilla warfare L ewtried on for te yours by Visterlo wad bls