Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 1, 1880, Page 9

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THE CHICAGO ‘YKIBUN: WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1880— TWELVE PAGES. “ CHICAGO'S DERECTIVE SHWHRAGE. its Thorough Examination Under the Auspi o the Citizens’ Association ng Me game ton of three of Its mem- 1 n comms! 1 ; pointer oughly explore the present sew ' wo, spi ters to thor of tls eity, thoroughly Inves- sete and report whit changes te is emneltts wero desirable to meet a eset and futtire requirements, Fol- » result of thelr labors: ie toring Ue ttre Coannalttee of the Cite To ME goretlont of Chicago: ‘The Com- ay “0 whom wad referred tho subject of a jrainage,? with 9 view of recom: ad caomesystent for the disposition of a PAR ailapted to tho present and the eects of Chicngo, respectfully sub- | full ' lowing reports pitt aware that thera was some hesi- a and delay tn furmlng this Committee, aed went partly on the delicacy inseparable couse fact that the Importance of the sub jgsueh that any recommendation of & i positive characte! pat aT icit cane aterlally with general opinions and is enced to disturb existing systems, must i is subject of extended eritieism, une te Mile and otherwise, by all classes of In- gest athe 4 ve sonal, pitinlnles and financial; and partly been tea lint more tine would be re- Me for fis fall considerntion than the amity coud devote to it, within the vail when you would Wwish to give itty the Relying on Your assurances patie er miqted to suit the elrenm Inert ala ourselves of the com: scans Te ineetine and clerical assigtanco etl fous, we proceeded with the In- fat ation necessary to comply with the pe the letter af reatleat on whieh the Countittee was formed. THE BIPORTANCE OF THE QUESTION gibmiited (o ns requiltes NO ctiplinsis; it has fenacreat ane ever slttce our elty Inaugu- red the existing system of suwortge, and it nated Mme of Vital Tnterest. within the last Be years It Js now deemed paramount, pare treuiarly ih lis sanitary bearings, by all {tose why have gli jnteilizent attention to the sutyjects It mibuett ie fonle pF elle le Jon for & lows perlod, and Its interes: cao rate culminated ut the present tine, It has called fortt unatmbered and maine very’ able eananiniennans throuch tho sg, has been the themeol scientific debate, i fhe pric source of speculative propo sitions fur its solution; municipalauthorities have shrunk trom the task of grappling with jal teetslators have recolled from its con- sder@ton on account of its appalling magnt- jude. The polley heretofore pursued in re- ni to thiy great aestion may be justly called a tempor Ngo in the meat ecm f that te: or all plans hereto- trendy pted have comfessedly been of a term reliaracter, and the ultimate solution ral of tne protien hus been, with great wianin- fy, deferred to some future and indethrit tue, But present emergencles seem to weg furward opinion In the direction of a tna aol decisive consideration of It, which, as yout eter remarks, “has, not been under- taken a moment too soot.’ AFTER FULLY CONSIDERING THE REST MODE ofprocedure, we concliusled that, for the pur- jose of eliclting the opinions of those who dered to state thelr vlews or to, submit Jans, we would Invite communications nnd plans, call publi nvetinits, ary Ha whole pile ect would be open to discussion and where fetal ints or Jats ght be THe by its ferrorntories imide at thy mament, and by fringing together parties who had tnforma- if fon fo hupart or who desired to substantiate orcorrect preconceived notions, ‘Che plan was. eninentlysuccesstul. The meetings were well attended and very Interesting to atl who partie~ pated fn them, particularly, ty our Commit. tee, Who Were thus cnabled to collate and compare the ideas expressed, and to correct, froneans at imperfect hapresstons in re- rant {fo this absorbing aitestion. Some new fits were presented, nnd their bearing on. the subject was duly considered, Comumuni- ats sent toe us, in accordance with our invitatluns, were treated In the same way, b' analysis aud comparison, A meeting of elvil eighwer$ fur discussion of the same topic wasalo Well attended, and included the members of this Cominittee and many citl- misandoificials. Itis from these sources and fnguieies pursued privately that we sub- nitthe following account of the position, which we have made as brief as. possible, and whieh, though nost of It $s alrendy fa nillar to the public, we deem necessary to Se ammmety or pue report. eat the sake. revity we shall tmake no particular ace tount of figures, but confine ourselves to the apunesed Pant tise _ THE TOPOGRAPHICAL SITUATION at tte drainage district under consideration _ hay be brietly deseribed aga strip of Jand, in theeastern part of Cook County, varying in eeieon seven to ten miles, traversed by teat forty anteas thy "only ad tlce of tate iy Ny ther tothe Iaku is atthe point where the yee tengo stands Montthirty lee tales of the source of the river, and five miles. ee ue eon fc nest OF tis branehies or i the outtet to the lnke at Chicazo has been whdenedt and deepened and its. course apts tliat It opens nearly due enst, ig tal le natn branch of the Chicago River, wala Hight mete to the petnethat streams x tH ore called respectively the North and Ry i panties, ii nese bringlies have also es le ed to meet the nuc- te Tequirements of commerclal enter ea Visate with safety the river ad Its branches to a distance ont milo . ality. ‘Lhe process olenlating the river at Chtcngo is dee ban What little natural current thers ever tant Aan there 1s now no other than that telakes “ ids, the lutlow. of water froin a Fer the burboses at this report. ago River may bo deseribed as a frat diteh, six iniles long, with a progection a about the centre one mile long, and the fete eee laa about 150 feet in width and "H often feet deep; tly ditch recelves at. tenet hend astuall stream (thirty miles In meets force of whoso feeble’ current 1s wt by the Ineressed wi tf of the channel a heres width and depth. ve & foo t and it has at its sen en ae rernl furs or branches which es also from the south vane aie Tincis bemg ide hore to which reference will aitter, e INTO TINS HUGH DITCH the greater p: mage daltveat the Cay ut ‘Cieago tale ke tering ath ie otal ‘of the hnmense slaugh- hint Town f faa situated In the ad- Banufectorivs great a fs tie rofse of the reat an extent, that of the ditto een Belt adjoining eattlepens, ‘Ae past of the ake eat eu Its aiiee alreetty Juto by comparison so smnlt net ie tae ne ZO the nnin question bet Te ia atthe weint of fre AR efore 8 at this Feeraphical positions bueked one the mong ParidKe, Whiely though of ‘To ate Weloeae + ty Sutliclent to form a wate hed o the Hredtest length tae ey eee elee of the Tuning threat ys vw bove, with the river ilge amt yaks About Miuliistant from tween the Tine 4 ple Migan; the land be. Ter isttat ata, "i the luke traversed by the halite ered ust whero the city stands, Titer than ua i nA west bank of the Uetatntal tinge ce _Slile, towards tho lakes Wray the Tea eer trou all poluts Ig ‘The only mate hat to the lake, wouring' eat nt ‘al ineuns of flushing or Sater duets ys, teat dlteh fd from the nijolnt ins, which tlows Into it front bondering ieee intey, including that part used by the H pater projection, the freshet Sing, and agelting of stigw and tee In the Liver whieh a How of the Desplaines eteterread ta pte swells over the low ted ten deste i bove, and comes In grent Faheh aud xn th Ive voluine into the South Chleagy tae hrongh the Maln Branch of relied on at er inte the lake, Could this Pdasty ee ie it might be so util Lote is ate the drainage ditileulty now hace othe” Nomis It would necessitate wale an than that we have adopted ae ibuly for domestle and all fe umes ass it ly, however, untrequent E OBVIOLS Coxe Catatrs leat CONSEQUENCE OF TIS STATE Poveda nh vi atull times since the elty beet beth an if sewerngs the rlyer hus rs, for Wwhielt 1 its, disehurges and aecres ucdivy exec here hayes been ne natural Tle lone hose of the oveasional chats Beteasel ye Shove, as the population. i dail in 1 betoutinent becwuie wore fet ot wine Khe Hae s0 tirendurable that re- Eat as, atl nd became tnperntively nee Myepurty ieee the pumplayeworks at tise i reetally er in 147 tor the. He lean canit ie witer to the Ulnals & fi me Of cleat, had heen utilized for the t it capac ns tho river to the extent Ty toadeg Yy that system was found to 4 wate for the object; and, after ' “ : T. FOR MAIN SEWER, GECTIONAL MAP FROM LAKE JOLIET 10 BRIDGEPOR: 2 ter beer ces of the Citizens’ Association---The Plan of impr five yenrs’ work, tho canal was widened and deepened, so that in 187 Te was opened for the Inflow of the Chicago River, ninidst pubtic rejoleings, and there was . a sanuine — beltef that our dralnage troubles were nt an ond, It was soon fond that these nnticlpations were doomed to dls- appolntinents the deptiot the canal after enlargement’ {s about elght -feet less than that of the river, and the alles were cutdoy alan unfortunate angle, making them too Bl or uprights the conseatence has been that the water flowlug from the Jake to the ennal, through the river, has oly cleansed tint portion of the Jast which was five feet above the bottom, there belng n recoil at the nitresiiP of the canal of the water below It, and a backward current of grenter or Jess panver peor to circumstances; besides tls, the canal began gradually to fill up from the sedhnient carrled Into’ ft from the river and from the deposits naturally contig over tho sides, thus decreasing the depth and the capaelty for taking w rivers nt about this time ake Dewan to fall, as it is known to do at pe- iuila dimlulsting the volume of water in the river, THA NET RESULT OF ALL THESE CAUSES was soon Apparent, It wns geen that by eepening the canal we had only Jengthened the diteh which we call the Chicago Wty and that after theeanal lind been filled, It was, Wi stich relief only us is obtained) by openlny the locks for {he passage of vessels or other purposes, fast betoming as foul the river fiself, to the unmitigated annoy- anca of the Inhabitants along its lines and dt was the subject of thelr loud protests, Noth- Ing can keep it even moderately clean. but constant dredging, rendered more expensive from the very fact thatit has been deepened, Somme other means of cleansing the river was demanded, and tho Fullerton‘ avenue coudult was projected, to scour the ‘river by punplng from the Inke, or, vica versa, to cre- ate a current through the main river, up the North Braneh, and s0 ont into the lake, Hushing the South Branch ag a_ collateral measure by the natural process of dispiace- iment or suctlon which would follow, It wero profitless to attempt. to detall the yarlous annoyances the public have been sub- fected to during these many years they have een waiting for some plan of relief for thelr sufferings from the foul condition of thelr principal sewer, which unfortunately for the purposes of drainage, is also a siavigable Tver; an overttow of tho Desplaines or n freshet from any cause has been hailed with something akin to delight, and an eusterly storm by driving in the water to dilute and carry off part of the ilth has been LOOUKED UPON ASA NLESSING,- We have arrived, in this report, atthat pertod of time (February and Mareh, 1850) when, while the Fullerton avenue conduit is In full aud partly successful operation, the pubile meetings referred to above were held with fis ite of a free discussion of the whole subject. in addition to the facts hereinbeforastated, sonic others having a very iinportant bearing on this questlon were brought to light, the principal one belng that which relates to the the operation of the Fullerton avenue con- ditt, which had at that tine been sufticlently tried In one direetion, that of sending water from the Inke into the river, and so out by the Main Braneh Into the lake again, to de- yelup the danger there would at all tines be of fouling the water-supply for domestle purposes; the experiments made for tha ie bose of aseertiining sueh on probabiilty demonstrated conclusively that a very con- elderable quantity of the ith discharged from the month of the river found its way back Into the water pipes, and further In- vestigation has shown that except under r from the }» nso, the favorable conditions this . will aways be |. the ecnse, 18 the contents of the | river will not, all of them, mingle immuinediately with pure water, and be carried away by any current that may be caused by winds favor. able for the purnes but for a Jong thine will float about the inke ina semi-igolated mass, subject to the effect of such winds and cure renis ng may strike them, aul always lable fo run into the tuanel at the ertb; and for this reason: that there is always there tu. effective current for n coustderable distance in every direction around and tending towards the erly, It was shown also that temporary rellef could be obtained by the immediate retrection of pumplng-works at Brktveport, and it Is belipved that, with the ald of the Fullerton avenue conduit, these punplng-works at the entrance of the canal will utford such © measure of relief as will, enable the city to get along with moderate annoyance for five years or ko, or until some letter system has been brought into opern- tion, ‘ho* immediate reGrection of those pinups was, therefore, the recommendation nude by our Committee, through you, to the miuniclpal authorities, asa temporary exe pedient, and the money having been appro- priated by the Cow for the purpose, the action of the City Executive Is AWAITED WITIT BECOMING. PATIENCE, Review, tho tepographieal — xituatlon, as hereinbefore glven, revise the mengre his tory of the attempts to purify the river, con- alder the feeble means How Jn operation and those necessarily temporary adjunets looked for atan early date, and to these considera tlons add the prebabliity that the drainage district we have contemplated is to be. the home of 2,500,000 peopte within the period of existence of many now living, and you have before you the draluage problem as we un- derstand It, It should in justice bo said that any at- tempts heretofore male to relieve the dlilleul- thes whieh are under consideration have necessarily been of a temporary or make. shift character, and that tis has been the outcome of a want of suliclent means to carry out comprehensive plans for thls or any other great public improvements and besides, the unparalleled growth of Chicage: has get at naught the calculations of Its most sanguine moleipal administrators, anctin nothing more than in this drainage question; = the mrnufactories and packing hous jone, which turn thuir débris inte the river, exceeding fn their magnitude all suggestions of but a fow yenrs since. Since the date alluded to above (February and March, 1880), the Iistory of this subject can be brietly sketched and Is of interest. The inachinery of the Fullerton avenue eondult ns been reversed and the river water has been continuously frmped towards tho Inke, while during tho same time there has been one of those jerlodical phenomena called a“rise of the lake,” an occurrence which takes plies about ones tn seven yenrs, and has always been followed by a corresponding recodence, gradual in its vhuracter, ? UNTIV, THE LOWEST POINT 18 REACHED, ‘The effect of these two causes has been to glye ‘ied of the river an appearnnce of eleantiness, as tho fresh water ov the Ath, while the action of the condult Is cons Hnnally drawing off tho fatter from the orth “Braneh, while at the samo tle the rise of the river and recent dredging of the ennal has opened a passage In that diree- tlon which takes olf a part from the South Branch; what dratuage matter dovs not pass of In this” way ree gnalns coverod over by tho clear water’ and gradually works Its way lua feeble under current towards the mouth of the river and the lake, or, backed up into the sewers, iy re- flected Ih those nattseous vapors which have 60 much dbturbed the Inhabitants of the North and West Divisions, and tua tess dor tee those Mi the South Division, during the last summer, ‘There cau bo no doube that Le the pumps into the canal were now in pos Hon and: operation, the combined action of the three powers mentioned above would glye us ns clear a river as it is possible for us to get with our present resources, Tt ts beloved that the canal lias the eapacity for taking wil the water that st would be de- sirable to pump inte it, and thatlt the pros posed puraplig works were constructe with a trap wall, so ns to take the water tre tho bottom or lower part of the river, there would bo a decided Tmprovenont In drawing olf some of the heaylur matter, = Lt now becomes unr duty to consider the Dunerous and varlous plang presented to us for the final and deeisivesolution of the prob lem presented; and in doing so we have only to regret that many ingenlons sumgesttons have to bo passed over with the genoral te mark that In our {uitauent they are not adapted to Aupileal jon-on such eleuntic senile as that which iy presented to our view ofthe situation; tn suiniler constituencies thoy would find a better feld of usefulness, THE FUIST OF EASIER PROPOSITIONS that presents itself has the judarsement of such high authority thatol itself it is ontitled to tho primary consideration which wo give Ts Tt ds, to erect works of a slinilar charice ter tothe Fullerton-ayenue conduit at the southernmost end of the Seuth Branch, and, by the process now fi practlee, to pump the water either from the aku Jintao the river, or Mush the river hy reversing Uhat proces aul allowing the’ water to | pass hrough the main ehunnel and by the North and South Branches inte the condults and so inte the lake. ‘That this would be eifectlye for 4 district elreimuseribed In extent ls quite apparent, but that it would not ben solution of the great problem fy alsy so apparent that | pal ‘sun [" CANA for the purpose, In the rear of the city, supe i more feasible plan would cost, . It has also been suggested to us that if the it Is only necessary to refer to the faét that it makes no proviston for any alfux of Ingredi- cuts beyond the narrow boundaries of its termint; this seheine appears to us focal and narrow {nits general characteristics, and un- worthy of consideration in a general pense, It is einbarrnssed, also, with the general ob- Jections expressed below, with regard to tha expense of puinping operations, and of tho discharge of ith into the Inke. Another, and by all means, In our view, the inost fenalble, made for ridding ourselves, of the difficulty yrowlng out of the drainage question, excepting that which we sliall ulti- mately present, is that of an intercepting sewer, Which, traversing the river bank on Voth sides, shall deliver the city aewaze nt some point whore ft can, by tha application of power, be discharged somewhere, either Into the Inke or upon Inand selected for tho. purpose of auilicient extent to absorb the issue fora term of years, The advantages of a syphon principle, as apphed to such a pian, are. not sufliciently apparent to ware rant more than a general reference to them. ANOTHER PROJECT 18 TO ALLOW, all tho water of the drainage district above the elty limits totraverses canal constructed a plemented by the Fullerton avenue conduit, and to turn all: the sewers west of tho river into thatcanal, wileh would find its outlet into the Des Maines River; the sewers inthe South and North Divisions of tho city to be discharged into te Inke. ‘The embarragsments referred to above a5. 0. general objection to any one or allof the plang presented tous is that they luvolye continual and Increasing expenditures for their successful operation, In the way of pumping or other mechanical appliances, und that. even when suecesstully prosecuted, their eifects are local, But the most objec: tlounble feature of all is, that tho ultininte disposition of the sewaxe ts towards the Inke, In the plan whieh we shall hereafter vre- sent the objections to an Jntercepting. sewer, growlng otitoft the expenseet pumping or Anal disposition of the sewage, are overcome. Our objections to any plan which suggests the discharge of sewaxze or other Inipure mutter Into the. Jake, where It could fn any: event contaminate the water suphly. fre #0 fixed, that part of the recommend plan we shall hereafter props jludical change in the whole syst erage In the North and South Diy 8 shat be inaugurated by which all sex shall empty inte the river, and, although we lave fen eareful consideration to all plans laid efore us, We make no reference to my ex- cept those mentioned above, which propose. the use of the Inke for the ultimate dispost- tion of the sewngee, Just here it fs proper to remark that the tilthy water flowing from the. Fullerton-avenue conduit, wher it operated Inthe direction of the lake, Is tracenble for along distance out towards the crib, unless astrong wind curries It along theshore. Any attempt to remedy this by EXTENDING THE TUNNEL AND Cnn further out to the eastward, would, in our judgment, be futile, aud suggestions for ear ‘trying the pumping-works for the water sup- ply northward, to some distant location on the lake shore, besides being i partlal rem- edy only, would bu attended with 0 nrueli greater’ expense thin what we considera lation {0 tho is, that 0 of sew. Yoeks and dauus in tho UMnols & Michigan Caual were removed the water would tlaw freely through the canal and so cleanse tho river, tut to this itis unswered that such a course would destroy tho usefitlness of the ennal fer parposes of navigation, interfere with many private rights, and require tliat the canal should be deepened to the depth of the river, af 2 very large expense, which enn be udlized for another project unobjec- tlonable in any of its other features, We wish to remark, before proceeding to another branch of the sulfect and In repl; to @ suggestion, that whfle the propuosud pumping-works at Bridgeport are in opera- tion the water should be shut off from the North Branch, or that. gates at the forks of the river should be used, that, in our jinde- ment, it would not be tiecessary, as we have: competent authority for the aplaton that the water forced down tho North Branch by the Fullerton aveniy pumps woukl min; with that coming in from. the'lake, and take: nsoutherly direction towards the works at the eanal, < Alternative propositions have “presented themselves to our minds for the final solu- tion of this great problem, ‘Phe one whieh Fat first seems most plausible, partly because It follows in the direction of public opinion as nt present pointed, Js that of a ship-canal, the suggestlons for which-embody plans for the construction of one of great diiienstons, futo whieh: it Is propased to drain Chicago City and the distriet we have hereinbefore described. We have given a lnrge share of OUR ATTENTION TO THIS SCHEME, and, although we are unanimously and cor- dilly in favor of a ship-eatal as sich, wo enunnot give it tho sanetion of our favorable opinion 18 9 drain: as such it would be linble to nll the ebjections now urged against the preant canal, 1s to Hts aunoyanee, of the tn habitants along its banks, for the reason that any etirrent which would move the water with sutliclent. selaclty tu prevent the deposit of filth would hnpulr its “usefulness for coi. mercial purposes, it Iaving been well ascer- tained that no current greater than half a wile per hour is tolerable in slick water navigation. ‘Che project for the construction of such a canal fs embarrassed atso with anauy considerations of a politieal nature, winch we do not deem ft within our provinces to consiler, preferring ta present the other plan, which can be carried out within a rea- sonuble tne, at a very moderate cost, and which is wholly within ‘the scopo of the pes cunlary means of those for whose benetit it will hive been constructed, and will, It 1s be- Heved, be wholly devoid of offense to any locality or people. $ We present to you and tho -pudlle a propo- sition or plan for an Independent cut for the dratnuge of the district to which we have heretofore alluded, the details of; which are enbudietl in the following report from the well-known and competent engineer whose maine it bears, whose services you placed at our disposal, for the purpose of making the estimates and drawing the map aud fouls accompanying it, reduced coples of whieh we append hereto, and the originals of whieh surg on exhibition at your roams in this elty for Inspection of the publle, MATHEWSON'S PLAN, JourEr, Sept Bod, C. Ambler, ve Secretary Citizens’ Assnctation—Duan Sinz On the th diy A80, a telegram wus recived [rom you, nsicing for a vonsultation with ine at your ullice or rooms of tho 1th, In rogard te the drainuge of the Clty of Chicago. On that day L met you and othors, for the pur- pose proposed, aud, after a free exchange of views, recelyed nu onier from yuu, ts Becretury of the Citizens’ Assovintion, to prepare nh map and protite, with approxtinnte cxtimatea and cost, tor n sower for such drainage, with Unt of thin to lth day of Soptember following. Herewlth [hand yor a imap, drawn from tho United States Government survey Kb fram, my own surveys of tho Htlnols & suehigan Cont mes wore exccuted In behalf of the Btate o! mola. 2 Onthis map, innrked A,B, DB, FG. 1, fe rod Ink, WHE be noted a ne tin heavy red ink, feom the mouth of tho degda or Mud Cake Fork of the South Braneh of tho Chieagy Rivor, rune ning off west, and through sald, Inke, toward tho Deaplulnes River, north of Summit, and thon curving round to thu left, keeping away to the Teft, and passing along ia southwest dircetion Detveun tho canal and river, past the ice-houges, and Detwoun suid houses and tho river, ta Mount Forest, Willow Parle Sug-Bridgo Station, and Lemont, to. tho flomeo bend of the camtl, Nor- ton'a Tall Ruce we Lockport, and to a polnt op. poalt Lock No. 1. at Lockport, Tbenco to # point at the head of the pond of Dain No. J, Jollet, a few bundred fect northwest of Lock No.4, of the 1. & M. Canal, u distnuce not far from thirty ons and one-half miles, Wohl convorving with you on this subject, it was tated that where tho lovely wore not satis’ factory to mo, as to pojats on the Desphiiies below Jolict, new lovels should be taken, and 4 protile thoreof made, A corps of cnginvers wus sot at work from Norton's tail ruco ut Lockport to a polnton Luke Jolict, a distance of ubout woven miles, tho result of which survey and levels you wil) seo on tho mup and profile, uarked A, I, Uy After carefully looking over tho excavation to he dono, on a ‘leo extending the sewer below Lock No. 4, coating in tho ngygregate about Sulih> uuu, with no adequatd compensation. it was ap> parent that the sewer proposed should terminate near suld Lock No. 4 at 1 (oo miap and protile), ‘Thon, commonsing for the sauthwusturn tore iniius of the sewer at I}, and runuing on the rod line about two and one-ualt niles north-north- euat, We reach ow polnt oppasit Lack No. 1, with & full to the south of about twolve foot in bation of ower, or 4 B10) feet fall per mile, and the average width of Aftecn feat, ‘Yhon run north and northouet upor tho red Hue, past It and Lemont, Sagelrltye Btar tlon, Willow thgs, Mount Forest, Sumiult, and’ Mud Lake, or rogular route, we lunch Bridgeport, a distance from Lock No. Lot tens ty-nlna mites, and an ascont of | tout per mile, shaking feet fall from Bridgeport to Lock~ port, In bottom of sewer, wih a width of sowor ae lawee end of iret and at upper end of feet, for compensation. Thin routelas wil uppoar by tho rod-ink tino on the mup, Mes north and west of, and entirely away from, the Ninos & Schiyun Canal and 165 right of way Where doumed necessury, tho bottom pf tho suey shed bee ana tovartud aro Of Loud pave, ovement Recommended. and the sldos thereof, to a point 14 foot nb hettom, should be lined by Pe roods firn, rotaine wall. ‘ joo, substantiantial abutmonts and bridges. . at ell crossings will bo necessary throuphou' and nt Biz Run, Norton's tail rneey And Penetion, Hun an arch about $00 feet Jong in ench will bo needed to lot the water from those soverat Pinces pass over tho top of the aowor, . ‘The enstern portion of thin route is already ‘excavated to nbout the propor width, but not to tho proper depth, %s ‘Tho sower, whon completed, should draw water from the surface to the bottom of the river, Jow water, datum line, for tho first twenty-nine miles, making nt “tet ite," aa shown on the proto, and draw to bottom of rivor at H, as por rattle. A portion of West Chicago and the Town of: cero, under an arrangement with tho city, in drain directly into tho main sower, vey ue te amnonte Ue of coxenvalion't for the boy sows “* cu pproximat esl tO, S.Gi0285.00 cube yards. seers Cost of exeayation—Enrth and rock, slope fol vores peck in ieee ns, ‘oO arches aforesald,. Bs Contingencies, onyineering, a ‘Total cost,. Having sot: tl lc yards to bo ox cavuted in tho above sewer, Including earth ad rock, with the probable cost, I will proceed ta state tho cubic feet of watur which tho snwor is expected to pass nt nt point opposit Leck No, lopth bf 1¢ with aelear with of 2 foet, ad feet.n fallof 1foot per mile, and a titi at Upper end of sower of 40 fout, and whientn; fram Lock 1 to head of sewer at tho mite of foot per mile, ns compensations with this ares of jlow of water, suy 10 feet by 20 fect, making a “wot tine of 40 tect, wo have rensen to ex- pect n discharyo or Gk!§ cuble fect of water por aecand, Ni cuble feet ina minute, 227008) It: inan hour, and in 24 hours 64,013,030 Th seven iniles tongth of Chicago River [hava estimated 61,731.080 cublo feet of water front the duta furnished mo, and heneo wo;,dedueq it as i theoretical fact that the sewer will dischurge tho entire -ainount oF water in tho Chlcagu River tn twenty-four. ours, and then draw about 1,000,000 cuble fect of clenr,laka: water throngh tho sewer beste, Butas theory is sometimes doubted as ngatnst practical ex berfenee, we can atford to assume, with the light we have, that in twonty‘sfour hours we cad drain the Catenyo River, “© Thave, a8 already mentioned, run new levels and atranalt line for about seven milesor the Ulstince, nud buve given the general anbject ng Inuich time for lnvestigation as was practienbtoy, untess J had been ordered to make a cureful survey the entire distance. Ag approximate estimates of oxenvation, I. cousider thom relinble. nnd have attempted ta keep within the tmit of error in, ote entculntion ‘of tho tow of water through this: long passage from Luke Michizan to tho Deaptaties River. All of which [s respeatrutly submitted, Ad. MatinEWwsoN, Such is the pinn proposed for the dralnaga of Chicago, which, it Is betieved, will accom plish the object desired for all tine to come. To Sonipiete it, however, tho sewers dis- ny inty the Inke wilt have to be re- vo! , and inade to empty Into tha river, as also tho Jocat drains in the adjoining towns north of the city, ag far as the source of the Chicugo Itiver, und those of Hyde Park. ‘The ‘Towns of Lake and Cieero will also come within the dralnage district herein proposed. In reversing the city. sewers, such a fall shonld be made as would earry the lake water through thom, thus cleansing and ren dering them inoffensive nt all thes. ‘She Futlerton Aventis Conduit could rennin as it is, or its tunnel could be utilized tor addl- tlonal water-supply. An intercepting sewer ean be built If needed, ‘The forks and branches of the river at the south end of it will purify themselves, as thelr contents will gravitate toward the ctr rent created by the outtlow of water to the eut, or new Fiver, as it may. be culled for the purpose of desertption. “Tha current In this new river will be atthe rate of about 215-100 tniles’ per hour; the water In. Chi- eago River will be changed every, twenty- four hours, with 1,000,000 of cuble feet over, and the whole hody of it within the city limits will by this operation become as clear ng that of the Jaky. ‘Tie effect upon the wa- rs ut thelr point of discharge will be to greatly improve them in every respect. ‘Tu curry into effect such a project, so vast and so hnportant, some legisiation will prob- ably be necessiry, toextend the provisions of ‘the present’ drainage law, so as to erente a drainage’ district and a, Com- intssion for the purpose. The estininted, 4,850, but’. - cost. of the new river ig 000, to complete the project in, every respect tho sui of $12,000,000 will probably be neces- sary. ‘The Comintssloners who may haya cluirge of tho operation should, be empows ered to borrow inongy for: tho “purpose, on the credit of the district benefited and Incors porated by law, asd such a Jonna avoutd probe ably. ifredeemable In thirty years or more, - be ‘rendily taken at-4 percent. Even ata low assessed valuation of property, a tax of two tills would be amply suillelent to pay- the Interest and provide «tsinking fund for the principal, As projects for the storage of water in the Upper Mississippl district, and about tho sources of the Missourl and Rook Rivers, for the purpose of supplying those streains in seasons of drought or low stages, have been before Congress, It ts: probable that such oa plan as thls would meet with equal favor there for a similar purpose, Respeettully subniltt : we Joun B. Superman, , Gronoe C, Moncan, 5. 1, Rrev, Committee on Main Drainage, eT ————— " ‘Lifo in the Antinal World, e : New York Sunt, Reara are destroying tho orcbards In Bfaino, Tn Kinghh three trees were broken down du their efforts to Bet tho applies 1, itn suigie young Urchurd, twenty. + eB. te Two Socks of semi-domeaticatod quall are”, roxutarly found on the farms of Dr, Porter, who lives node Harrisburg, Pa. He feeds thom regas furly and protects tnum from huntors. wis tt fish, the trst half of whieh wast mountain brook trout, rian tho eyo, bend, setter, spots, and shupe of thotlsh. Jt hada pur of flagat tho wat phive behind tho gilla; an inet: ur two buck of this it suddvaly changed into te sliver col, the shupe, colur, und absence of senjes being purfect, Water imoceasing uso tholr boy asa sort of aslove lientehing sill tht, dn a Pexas pond rections, foreing ininiows. tte spices beLween him and the Dunk, The tsh endeavored ta es- eape by water besuna while tho moccasin, with elevated head, caught the fish 1m bls mouth ae thoy passed through the alr, cat A Toronto dog knows Just whon’ Sunday’ comes, and Is not the sume doy than as on other days. He indulges in no pastimes, cneourugcs no company, and hes bid own church, The family are Presbyterians, but Carlo hna x partic~ ulur spot In tho gullery of the Methadint Church, where he mamiges to elude the vigthanes of the Mala quid pilye dogmetical attention to the word of doctrine while at service, A driver on one of tho Fourteenth stroot: (Washington) cars (3 strongly of the opinion that horsed count. Enob car, bo gaya, mikes ning teon trips day, ‘There are tour horsca uxcd, three making Ove trips, and ony fuur trips. Atte er those stated trips, if, for any venson it ia necessary to send the car back, 10 fa almost im= eaibla ta got the horses out of the stable, With the drivers und atablumun, who fregucntly witness such uxtiibitions, thore te 1 tiem betel fn tho uisthomatical abliitles of the horse, A dog's idun of) value was exhibited In Rapld City, Dak. Ata dinner at the Bulldog raul it Sunduy, Joe Piper wus thare with a tine poluser dog, “AN hands were seated at a tible when the dog wont to hia master and commenced whintng, ‘Tho muster asked whit hu wanted. ‘The dog reached up and dropped a gold badge Inia hand that bo bad pleked up somewhere. Dr, Meyor recoguizod it ax ene that ho hud dropped from hid vest, but knew nothing of the toga until tho dog found it. ‘Animated shotguns are n favorit pot fish of tho Chinese,, They look very much tke poreb, only more beauttal, ‘They are of a xreonish color above and silyergriy betow, Auross tho back ave four short. dark-brown stripes suaded with greon, As they flush through tho wuter they ure a series uf lovely aud overchanuluy hues, The Culnuso koop thom tn Jura as wo do wold-tat. It fx sald that thelr nlm is gu accu Fate that thoy can bring down wn insect from the hignt of three or four feet above tho water, Astrango kitton was given n bomo on tho steamship {linols, which was thon in her dock in Phitadelpata. When tho steamer left Livers ae recently for home it wus found that tha itton bid Geon loft behind. The Cuppa ond eufiors wore much grieved, becnuse thoy never expected to soa her nga, Whon the iritish: Crown, the next steamer of the Amorican ling to gall from Liverpool, arrived in Pulladelphia, tho first passenger to creep ashore was pussy. With talVand inino orvot sho tow on hoard tha Uitiols, and begun to race wbout tho dusky, showing in avery way ber dumb natuce world allow thy Joy that was in her benrt at getting buck to ber old home, Ralph was nrayen, belongings to the Hod. Lion (an, Dungerford, A Newfoundland dug that nad reeolved severe bruises by bolng runover wis Jutely vislted by Ralph, who brought hin boned and attended blin with puctloular marksor kinds nes, One night, by nealdent, the stable door bud been abut, aud Ralph had ‘beap deprive ot hig friend's company ull nizht, bat the hostler found, fn the morning, tho door se pecked away that, bud it not bowk opened, in duuther hour Jadph would have made fila entrances, ‘The hid- lord pat only contirined tha hostler's account, but mentioncd many other wcte of khidness abows by this bird to all dogs in gencrul, but more particularly to wuliied ur wounded ones. ean a hd My mothordruve the paralysit and nuurals ge alloucot her system with Hop Uitters,"« iu. Usuxye Suite Hi a sole, caught by a tlshorman at Monterey, | vis briskly turning and twlating tn all di- - leapiig.aver the snake's body into tho -