Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, October 10, 1880, Page 9

HE CHICAGO ‘TRIBUNE: SUNDAY. OCTOBER : 10, 1880—SIXTEEN PAGES. “RELIGIOUS. —_——- yother Essay on the Au- thenticity of the Gos- pels. “oe fa, Ware the First Four Books ‘of the New Testament . Written. yo grace of Their Existence “- Gntil Anno Domini © ; 160. gone Historical Facts Relative to the Formation of the Bible Canon. Notes, Personals, Sabbath : Beveries, Services To-Day. MEMENTO MORI. . erable voices tell, Jrom mountain brow and shady doll, _. ‘The solemn story does the requiem swell, ‘Memento mort. he rose that hangs its modest head, ‘With blushes, o'er its fragrant bed, Jn all its glory, . Bas, written on ite brow of red, : 5 Memento mort. The ook, whose limbs, s0 great and strong, Bare braved the winter blast so long, With trunk 60 hoary, proclaims, his forest-court among, is So Memento mort, J waits op life, and all things Death wountain side, and vale, Sd aah, ‘The old, sad story: (er land and gea the voices awell— Memento mort, Yet, not alone of Death we hear: Flowers clothe the grave and deck the bier; ws ge ey eromned with Blory, : ulchre ant appear, ee Sepeymore memento tori! * GOSPEL AUTHENTICITY. ASECOND LETTER BY BRONSON C. KEELER. “ Jo the Editor of The Chicago Tribune, Cmrcaco, Sept 90.—Judging trom the appesr- ance of thirty-five columns in last Monday morn- tage papers, somotbing has dropped in the re- lous world recently. Somepody has “ men- tioned” something. Andit is decidedly amus- ing, in reading those thirty-five columns, to see how much can be said at a subject without very mach delng ssidon it. The sermons published inreply to Mr. Ingersoll, with scarcely an ex- cepnon, do not meet the case at all, but they re- mind one of an effort of.a man to hide the real object from view by flailing the ground and musing ‘an, immense dust of words. Tho shafts of Mr, Ingersoll went home, however. Itis no ‘uncommon thing to hear church-members and others who have never heretofore been moved by the appeals of agnosticism say, “yr é> not understand what this means. I hve always supposed that those things were certain and settled. I never heve for’ one moment supposed that there was any doubtas to these things. The clergy are sup- posed to tellus thetruth. This is their busi- ness, this theological problem is. It is their upeclalty. They have nothing ‘else to do. but ttudy it. Why bave they told us nothing about these things? _Have we to investigate them our- selves: before we can learn what the truth is?” ‘That is what agnosticisin asks. It says that there: is something wrong about this religious question, that back of the veil which hangs in front of the altar things are not what they ought whe; and all we ask isan investigation... ” Before this -particular question is dropped finally it may be well to go over some of the principal points made Ly the cleray in their re- plies, and see what there isinthem.... - Prof. Swing sage: *Toubtless-thers are some" Individual Christians who sre expecting to be saved by faith, and there are some denomina~ tions which still make use of the formula of words, but it is safe to say that the doc- trine that man ig saved by a belief is 80 far abandoned by the great denominations that ithe Church no longer.merits rebuke, or abuse, or laughter, on account of that’ peculiar {den.” Every other sermon published said that salvation could come only by faith in Jesus Christ, every theological seminary in the Caristian world is teaching It, and 400,000,000 of Christians hold it. Prof. Swing belongs to the class, 1 fear, which thinks that, when it has thrown off an error, the wholo world has done ‘ the samo thing. He also intimates that it mat- ters not if the authenticity of Matthew be de- stroyed, his faith in Christianity would remain unshaken, _ When skepticism first at- tacked the story of the Garden of Eden, Presbyterians were warned not to give heed, for, were it proved a myth, Presby- terianism, whose corner-stone was the apple bert faliof man, must go down. Atter it been proved # m: the Presbyterit clergy ined their ee and said it as ‘Dot all, and that it need Christianity. on the in- Spiration of the Bible, and this time the warned their peopic that the point was a ‘one, and, if it were proved, the overthrow of Christianity must necessarily ensue; there- fore the congregutions were assured that they wust not Usten. But it was proved, and when those of the clei who saw it bad recovered frum their shock and their astonishment that ureh did not at once tumble to pieces, ‘aey said it was not a vital matter, and that its loss need not affect their faith in the great funda- mental principles of Christiauity. Then came ‘the attack on the authenticity of the books of the Bible, and the clergy said that this was surely Tital; they could give UP. plenary iuspiration, Dat to admit that the leading books of the Bible ‘Were without any known author, why, it was Simply ruinous. But ‘it has been shown, and now they say that does not affect their faith in Giristantty” at all. One of these days Jesus first may appear on earth and tell His suorers ‘that it is ail a mistake, that al not the Savior of the world, that he reporta of. His being the son of God and the redeemer of mankind are entirely erroncous, andthe clergy will say that itis not an impor- jantmatter, and need not affect thelr faith in Giri ered lanity at alls” that they have always be- ewe that; that they did nat express it in just — words, but they always believed it. " anti were told that, if the Gospels were not otic, neither were the classics, and that ‘Were more authentic because there were thousands of manuscripts of the Bible in exist Cuoe, and that there are not fifteen manuscripts cago. But in the morning the dreadful news cone that the telegram wasn mis #ke, and that # ¢ Governor not only had reiusvd to interfere, utbud had'no intention of interfermg. The eifect on “the doomed nun can -be imugined. now in the Bible; + Acts of the Apostles, lused by the Manichees “(not the ono now in the Bible); “Tho Acts of the Apostles, by Selencus”™ (not the one now in the Bidiey; “The Acts of the Apostles" (by whom ve don’t know, but it Now, on the* night before be believed that bis | is the one In the Bible, and may be incorporated sentence had been commuted and it made him happy; but that did not prove that the belief was true.: The fact that a belief makes Q person happy fs no evidence what- even, sgn fe , hing Pollured, ae truc; mn! eyidenca it @ man believes the thing is true. This disposes entirely is of tho value of all doath-bed scenes and hq) Mmartyrdoms for Christian evidences. They red no evidence whatover.. Do al! the Jews who have died for their faith prove Judaism to be the truo religion? .Do.thp deaths of the infldels and heretics who have perished atthe stuke at the hands uf the Christin Church prove that in- fidelity and heresy are true?. We ‘are also told that in the year6tA.D. Tacitus said the Christians at Rome were a vast maultitude; that Pliny in 112A. D. in u letter to ‘Trajan referred to their great numbers in the remote provinces of Bithynia; and that Irenmus and Tertullian, 180 A. D., suld that the Christian brethren were thickly scattered over all the Enowas orta: es hae aes not prove who ospels of atthow, und Luke, and Joun. oe Mod! Hash aad ne of the neatest evidences that the Gospels of Matthow, and Murk, ana the Acts were Trot written by persons contemporaneous with the events narrated therein, is in the anchronism by the writers as to the extinction of Hebrew asaspoken language. Suppose an Englishman oran'American wore on wt cross, with nails through his hands and feet anda wound in his side, suppose he were in the throes of death. and an agonizing ery of pain were wrung from him, he would not exciaim, 3iein Gott! mein Gott! warurm hast du mich verlassen?" or “ Mon Dieu! mon: Dien! pourquoi m’astu abandouné?" He would fiot try to show off his learning on an oc- easion of that kind. The language of agony is the language a man is most accustomed to, and his words would be, “My God! my God! why hast Thou forsaken ine?” Again, in the last part of the twenty-first chapter of Acts we are told that a mob attacked Paul in Jerusalem, and was about to kill him, that he was res- cued by the Captain of the guard, and taken to the castle, that be received permission to make an appeat to the crowd, that he stood up on the steps of the custie and “beckoned with the hand wnto the people, And when thera was made a great silence, he spake unto them In the Hebrew tongue.” Now, all the thevioginns unite in saying, and I think it is a historical faut, that Hebrew had ceased to be spoken by the common people by the time of Jesus, aud thet a corrapted Greek was the vernacular. One of two things is, therefore. necossury: the clergy must either admit that Hebrew wus the common tongue of the Jews in that time, aud thai therefore the'Guspels ought to be In Hebrew; or that these books were written uta period so tong subsequeut to the events narrated that the mau who compcsed them did not know that He- brew was a dead Janguage. He assumed that the Jews in Jerusalem spoke Hebrew, and erred. Bither horn of the dilema is disustrous to the authenticity of the three books referred to. Then we are told that Celsus, an eurly anti- Christian writer, admitted all the facts In Jesus’ life, and yet we at this late day have the inp dence to oppose them. We do not know that Celsus did anything’ of the kind. On the con- trary, we have pretty.good evidence that he did not. ‘Celsus lived about the year 25 A. D., and be knew nothing more of the facts than we do; that. ig, he hud the westimony of manuscripts whose ‘only authenticity. was rumor, tradition, heursay. He was a Neo-Platonist, and itis not likely that he could have admitted the Cnristian traditions to be facts. Morcover, higattacks ure not extant: All we know of them {s what.we learn from Origen’s reply to him, that 1s, what Origen said he suid; and we have learned to take’ the’ unsupported testimony of Christian writers, who are special pleaders and have an improbable theory to support, with & good je: of allowance. "Of all who have referred to Celsus, Bishop Fallows statesthe case the most fairly. He says that Celsus “admits all the grand fucts and doctrines of the Gospel, a3 they were preached by the Apostles, and contained in their acknowledged writings. for tho sake of opposing them.” That is altogether a different thing. When a man says, “ Adimitting, for the’sake of argument, that your facts are true,” etc., he always im- plies that he does not believe the facts, and is only admitting their truth momentacily in order to show his opponent to what an. irrational re- suit they lead. Again, take an illustration from this case, of how difficult it is for a believer to understand and state properly an unbehever’s ition. Bishop Fallows and others say that, Teanea by his Just “lecture, Mr. Ingersoll has ‘moved forward with gigantic strides recently, that-he recognizes certuin Christin truths, and that at iast he gladly pays the tribute of his ad- miration and his tears to Jesus Christ. Now, every agnostic, no matter whether he is ac- quainted with Sr. Ingersoll or not, {3 erfectly satistied that Mr. Ingersoll does not hold any views of the man Josus and the Sermon on the Mount different from what ne beld ten years ‘ago, when he could not get a Corporal's guard for au audience in this same city; that, on the other hand, his views are only confirmed by time ‘and investigation. . Every agnostio recownizes in the mun Jesus a d_ reformer, tho infidel of His day, who lost His life in trying to overthrow the very thing-which Christians have since set up in His name,—that is, form, ceremony, hypoc~ xy, on supersee. ia religion. Be lost His fe at the bands of the Jewa, precise! = die Sob Huse Bavoravola, Bevvel 0, Vanini, and millions of others pave lost their lives at tho hands of Christians, and as men will always jose their lives where a religion has the power to stop investigation in any way it pleases. ‘And yet, if the Christian theology should live a thousand years ‘more, and Mr. Ingersoll's works should be lost. and Bishop Fallows’ and the oth- ers’ should tive,.a Christian preacher in that time, reading the. sermons of last Sunday, would say to the infidel, “Ingersoll was great anti-Christian in his time; he hurled his sarcasm at fts sacred facts early in iife, but later he moved furward, he recognized Christian truths, and at the Iast he paid the tribute of his admiration and his tearsto this grand char- acter, Christ Young man, £9, thou and do likewise!” So much for Celsus. We do not know what he said. We only know what Origen says he said, and Origen lived in an age which was far Jess intolligent, and charitable, and fair than ours. : ‘The most important point claimed, probably, is that Irenreus, Tertullian, Eusebius, and othera quote many times from the Gospels. frenmus flourished from 160 to 200A. D.; Tor- tullian from 200 to 240 A. D.; Eusebius from 300 to ‘D., and not one of the Fathers who gnote from the Gospels lived eurlier than 150 A. . Not one. Koep that in mind. It isthe kernel of the whole question. More, there is nota traco ot the existence of any one of the four Gospels previous to 150A. D. If thoy were written about that time, of course men coming later could quote from them. But those men by their quoting do not prove that the Gospels were written by the persons to whom they were attributed. If I quote from the letters of Jun- ius, that does not prove ta future generations who wrote the fetters; it gives no information whatever on that subject. The first three Gos- els were written about the ene 1A. D., and Matthew's and Mark’s and Luke's names were Torged to thom, and the early Fathers, in guot- ing, simply called them by-the names under which they were circuluting., But, keep it in mind, there 18 not a trace of the existence of any one of the four Gospels previous to the year 150 A.D. Nota trace, Wnom they were written ‘by, and when they were written, no one knows. ‘The reader ahould fix thoroughly in mind the fact that it wasa common thing in the early days of Christianity for suy man to write a gos- pol or en epistle, and forge a celobrated name to it. The author of “Super- nutural Religion,” (i, 460) Says on this: No perfod in the history of the world ever pro- ducod so many spurious works as the first two or three centuries of ourera. The name of every Apostle, or Christian texcher, not excepting that ofthe Great Master himself, was freely nt- tached to every description of religious forgery. False gospels, epistles, acts, martyrologies were unscrupulously circulated, and such plous falsi- fication was not even regarded as a crime, but Was perpetrated for the suke of edification.” Mosheim, the great Christian historian, says (Eccl. Hist., i. 94. London, 1850): There were a variety of commentaries filled with impositions and fables on our Savior's life and sentiments, composed, soon after his ascent into Heaven, by fd Plato, for example. ‘That thereis not the same Ss strong evidence of the authenticity of the Gospels as there is of the classics, I pointed out Hides tet fo Tae ‘TRIBUNE last. Sunday. - Be- ks you do not have to believe the reputed do ip of any of the classics if you -, not wish “to. No one ever told unished if him and not b; y Bacon. But you have been aimalenea this way in regard ‘to the Bible, and ove tal point which the clergy constantly lool ee presont a book yin mast lemant and we want and must ii'Gekraordinary proof, or we canuot believe wit nd the number of copies bas nothing to do Times, suthenticity of a book. Bancroft TercAhisory of the United States, and itis ore million. Tatter whether there is one copy We are: told that : it is not right to ridicule cted ana sublime things. Our opponents for- things truly sacred and sublime cannot Nobody ever ridiculed Niagara: oked fuin at the Yosemite: no onb unset unix; tebe man ever sidiculed the sacredness of the fn mgt relation. ‘There are ludicrous things = ed. life ‘which are sometimes touched Dotideeey; fut | the relation itself is an be nidy It is because these superstitions. Biblia acted that thoy are Proved to be not cred. re if NO sano! igno- fae, no sublimity in stupidity. These beliefs ‘Bre the dion eotuet of a disordered mental con- Sacred ited by ignorance into a su We arg fowhich they have no right. Yothe rave’ that martyrs have died to certify Drove trent Of these things. Bui Chrtrttanity noe all the false logic- on which a2 that cunts So long lived, none ia so false ie delfer wae in the two ‘propositions that, true, and fees 2 man happy, the belief is Ene "Feutwmenale for a belief “eno. beliefs ‘happy, first: “Ifa belief make & man Sereda the bellet is true.” ‘It is not the case. demned to. @ man named Nriver wasoon- Xe in this county for murder. The* Dearly Kies worked on him ‘so that it alone exat and on the day before the ons cae eutON he was reduced to a piti- Sigua the evening a telegram came ng With the ene that friends who were deen tones yte, Governor in his behalf had SIRI Hetrar rte, neo Nae Ueee wi cite was probably the happiest saas ia Chit mon who, without. being bad. rhups, were superstitious, simple, and Porouely deceitful, To these were afterwards added other writings, falsely ascribed to the most holy Apostivs by fraudulent individuals. Here is a partial list of the writings referred to: ‘*: The Gospel of Andrew,” ** The Gospel Accord- ing to the Tweive Apostles,” “The Gospel of Barnabas, “The Gospel of Bartholomew,” The Gospel of Basilides,” “The Gospel of Corinthus,”, “The Gospel According to the Egyptians,” “ Tho Gospel According to the He- brews" (this is the Gospel which some theo- logians are now talking of brining out; it was | written before any one of the four Gospels which we now accept were written, and it the Church is desirous of getting back to as early a date. as ‘essible it should incorporate this among ie inspired writings), “A Gospel der the Name of - Judas. Iscariot,” Gospel Under the Name ‘of Jude,” “ The Gospel of the Ebionites.” “The Gospel of the Encratiles,” “The Gospel! of e,” * The Gospel According Re of Merinthus," the Nazarines.” “ 1_ of: Phill theme Gospel of rain Sospel of: ip,” “The Gospel of Truth,” Sie Latin Gospel of Nicodeutus, Part 1h, The Descent of Christ to the Underworld, “The Gospel According to Luke” (the one now in. our Bible), * The Syriac Gospel of the Boy- hood of Our Lord Jesus,” “ The Gospet Accord- ing to John ” (the one now in our Bible), “ The First Gospel of the Infancy of Jesus,” “The Second Gospel of the Infuncy of Jesus,” + The Gospel of James, commonly called the Prote- vangelion,” “The Gospel of Mutthew, or the Infuncy of Mary and Jesus,” ‘The. ‘Gospel of the Nativity of Mary,” “The Gospel Accord- ing to Matthew” (the one now in tho Bible), “The Gospel of Thomas L,” “The Gospel of Thomas IL,” “ The Gospel of Thomas IiJ.,” “The Arabic Gospel of Infancy,” “The Gospel According to Mark” (now in the Bible, “The Gospel of ‘Nico- emus, or the Acts of Pilate J,” The Gospel of Nicodemus. or the Acts of Pilate IL,” “the Gospel of Nicodemus, Second Part; or the De- scent of ‘Christ to the Underworld,” and “The Latin Gospel of Nicodemus, Part Qne; or the ‘Acts of Pilate.” Then of books of acts there Gos- ‘because noone: snows whi 2 ar it because 20.008 who did: writo it): * The * The Acts of Paul and Thecia,” of Pal “The - A of pane, Acta, of Paul ie. Acts Peter,” |“ The cts of | Philip,” and “Tho Acts of. Thomas.” Of. epistles there was almbst no end. There was an ‘Epistle of King Abgurus to Jesus Christ.” and an“ Epistie of Jesus Christ to King Abgarus,” a reply. ‘This lust epistle distinculy chums to have been writ- ten by Jesus, and if the Christinns think that a document which claims to huye been written by a certain person.was written by thut person, and that all that is necessary to establish the au- thenticity of a work is forthe work to sny that it was written by the person. in question; why don't they accept this Epistle? Both these Epis- ties and miany of the other ks here referred stoxre published ina volume known 28 “The Apocrypbal New Testament,” which can be bud for a very small sum at almost any book- sure. Soime -other, ‘letters of that tine were. an," Epistie| of Christ to Paul and Peter.” an‘: Epistle of Christ" produced by the Manichees (furged by them to favor doc- trinal points which they held, “ Paul's Epistle to the Laodiccans " (for hundredsof yenrsin the Bible. but not uow considered u part of it), * Paul's Epistle to Seneca,” * The First Epistle of Clemout to the Corinthians,” “Tbe Second Epistle of Clement to the 3," * The inthian: ¥irat Epistle of John,” * The Second Epistle of Joba * (iow a part of the Bible, but has been al- ternately in and out many times, according to the early Father or the Christian Ccuueil that ut itin or tovk it out, “The Third Epistle of john” (snme. as the Second in its his- tory)?,. “The Epistle of Jude" (same as the | inst its history), * The u two in Epistle of Lentulus,” “The Epistle of Pilate to berlus," * The Epistles of Herod and Pilate,” ¢ The Epistle of Pilate to Cesar,” “The Epistie of Barnabas,” Tho Epistle of ‘Ignatius to the Ephesians,” “Tho Epistle of Ignatius to the Trailiuns,” “The Epistle of Ignatius to.the Homans," “The Epistle of Ignatius to the Maguesians," “The Epistle of Ienutius to the Philadelphians,” “The Epistle: of Ignatius to the Smyrneans,” “ The Epistle of Polycurp to the Philippians.” Of revelations there were ‘The Revelation of Cerinthus,” “The Revelation of Paulf’ The Revelation of John,” *'The Revela~ vion of Peter,” ~'the Revelation of Stephen,” “The Keyeiation of ‘'homas.” It was through such. a mass of forgery, with its Gospel of Eve, and Gospel of Judas Iscariot, aud Epistles by Jesus Christ to various persons, that the booka which make up our ible came. And how? In those umes not a man in thousands could read or write, not bait the clergy thenjselyes could read or write, and_ tho Gospels were limited in handling to the few who could rend.them. / ‘te clergy mude up the Bible in those days, each man giving whut in bis opinion .constituted the canonicu! list. Euch @ould insist upon books which upheld his doc- trina! theories, and so the fists wouid not ugree. To settle it councils were. held. One ‘Council would draw up i list and say,’ These are tho exnonical books.” Another Council would be called later, ud it would throw out books which the first had put in, and put’ in books which the tirst hud loft out. Council after Council was held in this way, and the canonical jist. was cba time and’ time again. ‘The Book of Ieveiution was not in the Bible of the. Greek branch of the Christian Church for inore than 1,000 years, but now that branch believes it igas much. inspired ns uny other book. Tho Second and Third Epistlea of Jobn, The Second Epistle of Peter, The Epistle of Jude, The Epistle of James, Paut’s Epistic to the Hebrews, have been put in’ and put out of the Bible haif- n-dozen times, but are tinally in for good; an Clement's two Epistles to.the Corinthians, The Epistle of Barnabus, The Pastor of Hermas, The Reyelution of Peter, ana other books hnve beciy declared by a dozen Fathers of the Church to ba ennonical, ulthough the reader now never hears of thei. ‘It was not till the sixteenth century, at the Counell of Trent, that the Romun Catholic Bible Was tinatty fixed, and the Protestant Bible was not closed till stilllater. Now, in the midst of all this wrangling, who gave the Futhers and the Councils authority tosay what books were the word of God, ana whut books were not? The doctrine that the Bible must be uecepted on "pain of eternal damnation wus not dreamed of for the first fourteen hundred years of the Christian Church, and it was, the Council, of Trent that ‘ti promulgated that doctrine, ‘Whence did it receive its extraordinary author- ity? From nowhere but itself. It Se Sseicction of the books of the-Bible is to be made by mén, I prefer to make my own. 0 reuder sees, then, that there ig not a trace of the Gospels previous to the year 150 A. D. All before that is trudition,—hearsay. Who wrote the four Gospels no one knows; why only four were accepted when there were na dozen to be had no one knows. Every- thing is obscure, and tradition our otily- witness, There is no need that the reader should take any one's word for these facts, pro or con, however. This whole question, as to whether any writer previous to 150 A. D. mukes any quotations from the. four Gospels, has been discussed und settled in a work called “Super-. natural Religion,” which is in the Public Library, 3 927. It fs exhaustive, final, and com- Jete, and itis so entertaining and instructive tt every. man. who cares. to investigate this ‘matter for himself, and. not take others’. forit, should read it: It y of, the, Rev. -Dr..Pusey, the ‘celehred Eng! divine’ and founder: of-the + Puscyites.” "The father is orthodox, the son infidel. The latter. is. one of the most thorough scholars in the world,’ and his work never has becn and never can be, answered. Let the reader investigate the ques-< tion for bimself. That is the way to settle it... The real issue, however, is,,*Do Matthew, Mark, and Luke teach salvation bytaith in Jesus Christ?”.and. the clergy did not and can- not produce a passage to sustain that issue. He suould bear in mind, however, that the probabilities of this discussion are with the neg- ative. What reason should aguostios bave for . denying the-truth of these things if they were true, and if the ponalty for rejection were go great ag thoy tell us itis? If agnostics were not: satisfled beyond the question of a doubt, that the orthodox theology were a falsehood, would they. risk their souls to eternal damnation simply for. the amusement of saying itwas 2 falsehood? Would Voltaire, and Thomas Paine, and Thomas: Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin, and John: Stuart Mill, and’ Herbert Spencer, and Ingersoll, and tens of thousands of other such men, risk their future by opposing this theology for sheer deviltry? Must it not.he, when they are 50 positive in their statements that there is some- thing ‘ wrong somewhere? They are not seeking to tenr down pubiio moral- ity; they love morailty as well as the best of Christians,-and they try to, live as good lives as the Christiansdo. They do not even at- tack the Church as asocial system; asa place to which families may go and meet, and become acquainted; in which men and women who are seeking to live good lives may go and find the companionship most congenial to them—all that they do not attack, or even question. It is a good thing. But they do want the clercy to stop. tenching these falsehoods about hell, and eternal damnation. and the blood aronement, and all those other superstitions which ecclesiqsticism bas used in constructing & patent process salvation which consists in believing a thing-we cannot understand. and in saying that salvation, if there be any such thing, is not to be attained by a good life, and a oud lite alone. So luay they would not fly In the face of Providence, and declare that all these things were fulse, If there were not good reason to believe they were, and the probubitities of the question’ are therefore on their side. RONSON C. KEELER, THE BIBLE CANON. ‘WHEN IT WAS FORMED AND- AUTHORIZED, St. Louts Republican. - §o far as the Old Testament is concerned, not very much is certainly known. All authorities, we believe, agree that the first step toward a canon was taken by Ezra, in the fifth century before the Christian era.” ‘Tha second movement in the same direction originated with, but was not completed by, Nebeminh; and is supposed to have extended from 444 to 800B.C. The third —of uncertain origin—was not entirely finfshed until, however, the first century after Christ. For all practical purposes, however, it may be considered finished at, or about, the beginning of our era; when the recognized Old Testament was what itisto-day, The Jews divided it into three portions, of which tho Law, or the five books of Moses, stood in highest estimation; after which came the Prophets, and then the e'tubim.— a portion of which only was publicly read. The muss of literattire from which tho selection was mude may be imuwined from the statement that there are sixtoen bovks referred to in virious parts of the Bible as belonging to. the Old Testa- ment, which ere not now init. Probably there were many more which, at one-time or another, had claimsto the sume distinction; but there seems to be no doubt that the Old Testament aa has been lost. AS our readers fre aware, the Catholic and Greek Church accept the. fourteen extant apocryphal books of the Old Testament as canonical, While the Protestant sects rejoct them as uninspired, and therefore comparative ly valueless, Luther. however, held some of them in high esteem, and the Church of Eu- Jand “doth read them for example of life and instruction of manners, but yet doth it not ap- ly them to establish nny doctrine.” Pithe .v. Dr. Sumuel Davidson, than whom there is no bigher English authority, concludes his elaborate and exhaustive “Introduction to the Study of the New Testament’ with these pregnant sentences: “The followh propositions sre deducible from an impartial survey of the history of the first two conturleS' <p, 170, no book of the New “ First—Before A.D. estamont ‘was termed Scriplure, or Delevan to be Divine and inspired. On the contrary, atter that date, dliterent boaks were believed to be human compositions, having none. other au- thority than their coutents warranted. , “ Sccond—No certain trace of the existence of ihe Tourth Gospel can be found watil after Jus- tin Martyr,—that is, till after the middle of the second century. ‘hat Gospel came into use. in the first instance, among the later Gnostics, the followers of Basilides, Valentinus, and Marcian, who donotseem to have ascribed it tqJohn. were, “The Acts of Andrew,” The Acts of the Apoatles” (made use of by the Ebeonites, and not the one now’ in the Bible), “The Acts of the Apostles, by Leucius” (not the one now in the Bible, “Tho Acts of pie a peta by Leutitius ” (not the one now.in the Bible); “The Actsof the Apostles, by Loontius " (not the one now in the Bible); “ The Acts of the Apostles, by Leuthon ” (not the one ‘Towards the end of the second century, and not Till them, ie. was assigned ‘to the Apostie by fa- thers of the Catholic Chureb and by canons. On ‘what ground this opinion rested cannot be as- certained.. One thing is clesr,—that the fathers Sr, believed in its Johannine authorship neither, aasert nor bint that they relied on historical tra) their opinion. hid The ‘canonical Gospels of Matthew: and Mark cannot be ideutified. with the logia of ‘Matthew and the things said, done by Jesus which Mark wrote, prondoned Papin. That writer does not himself: ia them. vis also noteworthy that he ral tri above written documentges. :". Fourth—The writings'of ‘Paul were either not used or little regarded, by the prominent ecclesiastical writers of the first half of the sec- ond century. After A.D. 150 they began to be valued. : ‘» Fifth—The canon, a8 far as it relates to the four Gospels, was not settled nt the close of the first century. as Tigchendorf supposes, Not till the lutter balf of the second century did the presetit Goapels assume a canonical position, preset agurpther works Of @ slinilar chaructot and receiving « Diving authority. * Suztn—No canon of the New Testament, that is, a Sollection Ce te pein jikerature like the present ono, osess Divine dine tie existed before A. D. 300" ito this comprehensive suMMary, from & ven- erable sebolur who has devoted a litetima to the work of critical investigution, little: need be hdded. ‘The stlection im thts case.geems to huve been even more judicious, on the whole, than in that of the Old Yestament. Thore ure forty-one apocryphal New ‘Testament books’ now in exlst- ence, aud the number itsolf shows the amount of caroful exumination and comparison yequired to sepurate the wheat from the chaff; or rather, the best wheat from the inferior ana worthless. dition We give che titles of x fa of these apocryptal books, which are somewhat dificult to rosure: The General Epistle of Burnabas, the First and Second Epistics of Clement to the Corinthians, tho Descent of Christ into. Hell, the First, Sec- ond, and Third Book of Hermas, the Epiatle of Jgnatius to the Bobesians, the Gospel of the In- fancy of the Suvior, the Gospel of the Nativity of Mury, the Narrative of Josoph of Arimathiea, the Acts of Pilute. The New Testament canon, according to Davidson, Was not finally and con: clusively closed even ‘atthe end of the fifth century. Indeed, the Catholle Church did not regard it closed until the Council of Trent in 1618, when the seal of highest ecclesiustical au- thority was at last placed upon it, in connection with that of the Old. Testament. The Catholic Bible, so fur_ag the books are concerned, fs the sume ns the Protestant, 6xvept that it includes as canonical the upocrrppal Portion of the Old ‘Testament. Tao bible of the Greek Church is thesame as that of. the Catholic. t ‘Luther's opinion of suzae of the New Testa- ment books varies materially from the recog- nized Pvotestnnt standard of the present time. He thought the Epistle to the Hebrews was not written by Paul, or by :fny, other Apostie, and did not put it on an equality with the rest. Ray- elation he considered neither apostolic nor Di hetic, and sclussed it with the fourth book ot Bedras.—which be intimated ought to be thrown into the Elve. James was to him **n right strawy, epistle"; Jude he did notzbink proceeded from an Apostle. Zwingli declares that Revelation is not.a Biblical book ut all. Wulvin repudiated the | Pauline’ authorship. of Hebrews, and did nut think Second Peter was written by tho Apostle whose name it beurs. er Luther, his col- lengues, nor successors bi ed tosay that some portions of the Bible were -of.far more valve than others, und thelr views of inspiration would hardly ve accepted by the. strictly orthodox Protestant of tne présent day. We do not know that the meinbers of the Revisory Commission have been intuenced at all by the opinions of: the enrly reformers, but. from. such specimens of their work as we hnve seen itis evident they have been governed by, the same spirit,—the gpirit of independent dnd fearless criticism, rd -| ‘Theophilus, Bishop of At | however, ‘that it: Was -W: anxious only to get at pg genuine Scripture us nearly as possible in its original meaning. it is tobe hoped that such faithful and conscientious. : labor will be properly appreciated by those fur whom itis done. £ ieee, THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS. | ANOTHER CRITIC ON NEW TESTAMENT NISTORY. ‘To the Editor af The BAcazo Tribune, Hype Park, Sept. 29.2he ‘discussion which has been elicited by Col. Prectioll’s Inte lecture cannot fail to be of abadgbing interest to every seeker after. truth. ‘The article in last Sunday’s issueof Tae Trr- INE, by Bronson C. Kebler, contained much in- formation of avery valuablo character. But Mr. Keeler, while correcting the mistakes of Ingersoll, made one or two of his own. It isa mistake to suppose that tho expedition of Alexander introduced the Greek language generally among the .Jows.*The language of u people is not so easily displaced, arid especially apeoplo like. the Jews.” ‘They had their own language: not, the original Hebrew, but a cor~ ruption of it which came to ‘be called Aramaic. After the time of Alexunder it had incorporated into it many Griecisma, it was still less like the Greck than it was" the: Hebrew. This was the languaye of Paldgtive in the days of the } Mr. Keeler is, correct $n snying that better ischolarship places all thefvospels (in thelr pres- ent form) from a: -centiry to a contury aud a half after Christ. But ho Js, jncurrect in tho -name of the first author; who ‘mentions. them. The first weiter who refels to thp four Gospels by uame- is “not Tertullian, but ‘Irovitéus, who wrote about A. D. 10. ‘Pen yeitrs before that ‘the Gospel of Join. ba@bees mentioned by. fe did not say, jog but BT pA usr yEor, ‘In justice to those who.contend ‘for the Apos- tolie’ origin of the four, Goepels, jt should be and various Christian-writers for the next fifty years, quote frequently .the sayings of Clirist In janguage similar to that iu the canonical Gos- pels. ‘Lhe quotations :are, however, scarcely ever exaotly the same, :In Justin Murtyr. A. D. 150, there are but three or.four exact quotations, outof a large number, Not only did Justin not mention any of tho canonical Gospels, but he did expressly refer to several other Gospels, one of which is still extant. the highest degree probable that the citattons of the payines, of Christ were from older Gospels, now, los : i "Phat the last twelve verses of the Gospel of Mark Were an interpolation, has long been con- ceded by the ablest critiesof all classes. That it wait be remitted frum the revision now bemg made {s a foregone conclusion. ) As to the Gospel of Marcion, A. D. 145, it is yery much like the Gospel of Luke, ‘but ‘about one-fourth shorter. ‘There bas never been an doubt among critics. that one of these Gospel was used in the construction of the other. The controversy has been as to which was the model. But Marcion's Goapel, besides being in many respects simpler and more natural, 13 much the shortest. And it may be: laid down as a safo Tule to be applied to all ‘the documents of that day,.that, other things being equal, the shortest was the oldest. The time when Chrisbua lived is not, per- haps, very important, since it is conceded to have been hundreds of years before Christ. But, instead of 600 yeurs,- geome writecs place it as early as 12. Among these is Col. Todd, in. his “Annals (and Antiquities of Rajust’ban,” vol. 1, p. 37. Some account of Chrishna is contained in a work in the Chicazo Library, entitled “Vishnu Pura- na”: translated by H.H. Wilson. A fuller and more interesting account of this remarkable character, however, way betound tn the trans- Jation of another of the Hincoo sacred books, the Bbagavat Purana, by the Rev, Thomas Maurice. ‘This work may be scen in the Library of Congress, in the History of Hindostan oy that author. C. B. WartE. ST. MATTHEW’S GOSPEL. INGERSOLL'S CRITICS CORRECTED. ‘Tp the Editor of The Chicago Tribune, CarcAco, Oct. 4.—In looking oyer the numer ous criticisms of Col, Ingersoll’s recent lecture T find great unanimity in pronouncing bim an jenoramus or willful falsifier of facts, because of his statement that the Gospel of St. Matthew was originally written in the Hebrew language, the critics. maintaining that every one should Know that it was wntten in Greek, which, they assert, was the language current in Palestine in that age. Ibappen to havea rather old Bible printed at Oxford, England, in 1817, with notes py tho Rev. George D'Oyly, B. D., and the Rev. Richurd Mant, D. D., and“ other most eminent writers of the United Church of England and Ireland,” in which, in the prefatory remarks ine troducing the Gospel of Matthew, these sen- tences occur: “Phere bug also been of late years great dif- ferenco of opinion respecting the languace in which this Gospel was originally written. However, many ancient fatbers positively aseert. that it was written by St. Matthew in Hebrew,—that fs, in the language then spoken in Palestine; and in # question of this sort, Which isa queer of fact. the con- current voice of dntiquity perhaps ought to. be decisive with us. It may be observed, too, that the opinion that the first Gospe: was written in the Janguage of the Jews, and for their peculfar ‘use, is perfeetly conformable to the distinction with which we know they Were favored, having the Gospel preached to them exclusively by our Savior, and before all other nations by His a a r stles. ; Though the fathers are unanimous in de- claring that St. Matthew wrote bis Gospel in Hebrew, yet they have not informed us by whom it was translated into Greek. It {s, how- ever, universally allowed that the Grecic trans- lation was made very eatly, and that it was more in use than the original. Thig last cireum- ‘stance is easily accounted for, Aifter the de- struction of Jerusalem the language of the Jews and everything which belonged to them fell into great contempt, and the early fathers, writing fn Greck, would naturally quote and refer to te Cee COPY ecatands, the charges of “ignor- e case now si ance” and. “willful falsification aro shifted from Inuersoll to those early fathers or to some of the modern fathers. + H. D. GARRISON, ———_ ‘ GENERAL NOTES. During the present yeat six new churches have been erected by tho Presbyterians In Utah. ‘Tho value of the Church property owned by the Baptists of the United Stutes, is estimated at $80,000,000. ‘The Baptist Standard has completed its twenty~ eighth volume, and appears in a new dress. This indicates prosperity. * ‘The sentence in the Episcopal burial service, “$n tho yoidst of life we are in death,” is attrib- uted to Notkeras Vetustiar. surnamed Babulus, stitted that tho Apostolic tuthers, A. D. 80 to 12%, | ‘The result of modern criticism renders it in’ who belonged e Monastery of St. Gall, i1 Switzerland;snaidied A. D. 912. es During ‘tif! Revolutionary War 139 ministers settled. ia nies became Tories, Of these Gunces that™there are only eight black shétp'in a Sastre ta tee Uateea Seat, A Methodist The British Government has’ put a stop t several lotteries ostensibly organized Pot several church debts in Wales io pay ok ‘One-third of the Congregational churches { New: Hampshire are unable to support them: ae es,and hence depend on home missionary forts. Polyglot religious services have bee lished “at Son erneteoe A recent operas meeting was addi in te guages essed in ten different ian- The British Methodist Episcopal Church Canada, a small colored boy. with one Wehop, pul Church of the United Staton: from wide cl nited Stat separated some years ago. Se neon oe 5 During the past fiscal_year the receipts of the American Board of Foreign. Diissions were $015,599, and tho expenses $627,881, leaving a def- felt of $14,3~ There are 369 missionaries in active service under the auspices of the Board.’ Mr. Joel Tiffany will review the lecture of Cor. Ingersoll upon the question * What Must We Do to Be Saved," at the Grand Opera-House, on Clark strect, at 2:30 this afternoon. He wilitake the position that the teachings of Jesus aro in necord with the needs of the soul, and must be shoved oy Col. Ingersoll if he would obtain full 2. In Canada the Presbyterians have 740 charg and 659 ministers, The charges ‘embrace 180 churches orstations. The number of families connected with the Church is 63.8 ‘There are 107,871 members. During the year 10,748 were received, the net increase being 3,619. The total Amount of stipend offered ministers was $639,- 794, all of which was paid save $19,100. . The Kirkdale (England) Church, one of the most ancient ecclesiastical structures in’ the United Kingdom, is about-to undergo partial restoratiod. The church was erected fr the eleventh century, and is situated close to the famous Kirkdule Cave, where, in 1821, were discovered tho bones vot hyenas, bears, ‘tigers, wolves, elepuants, rhinocerl, hippopotami, and many other animals. eee i A Roman Catholic priest, in a letter upon im- migration and its evils, estimates that there should be in this country 12,090,00) Ruwanists, whereas’ there are but 7,000,000, and ‘the dis- crepancy he charges to our public-school system and mixed warriages. “The latter are denounced as acurse,and be gays’by reason of them the most bitter foes of Romianism are those whobear Irish and Homunist navies. __ A young woman who died in Washington, Po., the other day, was buried with services per- formed’ jointly by a Catholic priest and a Lutheran clergyman, as she. had requested. Her father is a Cutholfc and’ber mother a Lutheran, but she belonged to neither church. ‘This is belioved to be the Hrat instance in Penn- spiseels of a Catholic priest and a Lutheran clergyman conducting services together. ‘The Episcopal Gathedral in Honolutu was be- gun about thirteen years ago, but could not be tinished for want of funds. Only a small part of the corner wall was put up, and’ e lot/of cut- stone for windows and doors has ever since been lying on the ground. A movement is now made to complete the editice. King Kuimehameha and Queen Kapiolani each give $1,000. It is ex- pected that it will be finished in five years. ‘The charge of plagiarism against a few of the more conspicuous divines of the Wilmington Methodist episcopal Conference has.oceasioned quite’a commotion in certain quarters. The purties accused have attained to considerable repute us pulpit orators, and are in great de- mand by the. most prominent churches when their pastorates are atout closing... To what ex- tent the charge against them may uffect their appointments hereafter remains to be seen. ‘The Rector of Delaware City Parish is in trouble from interference with some of the. High Church practices of his Sonyremation. When his demands were made, the Treasurer wasordered to withhold any further support, thinking he might be starved into compliance with their wishes inthe matter. In this. how- ever, they are mistaken. Sustained by Bishop Tce, and having. received the Principalahip of me Srammde-cehon, he is able to see them to e en ’ ‘The Society of Friends in England has excited an enrnest discussion among its members by the introduction of singing. inseome of its general meetings. The practice's attacked and de- fended‘at the recent Londun Yearly. Meeting, and although the conservative-element inclined “the mgeting to the view’ that silent meditation and sqimated preaching was sufficient to secure the qperation of the Holy Spiri(, there were still: to befound muny who declared their belfef in the power of songs of praise. : A prominent feature of the Presbyterian Councll in Phiindelphia was the elaborate deco- ‘ration of the hall in which most of the meetings “were. held.- This-was principaily by means of immense banners vecupying the spaces between the windows: i:On-.these were embiazoned tho senls of, the representative ecclesiustical with the nemés of men-eminent -ns-missionaries vr ‘roformors. “It might-have been expected that with all. its gorgeous decorations the Coun- cli would have placed at the door at least a huge polychromatic Scripture motto. Instead of this there'was a large plueard bearing the device: ‘Beware of Pickpockets.”, ‘The Provincial Synod of the Canada Eplsco Church bas" adopted the new name of “The Church of England in Canada.” Tt establishes a forelgn.and a domestic ontd of BMissions, and anakes new provisions for missiouary,work. Ita new rulein regard to deacons opens an impor~ tant field of usefulness for business men who have gifts in the way of Christian work, but cannot .or dv not_ want to give their whole time tothe ministry. It provides for the admission of-theso men to the diaconnte without abandon- og the dinconate, and refuses to ordain them ests. The order of men thus secured will be Tn many respects similar to those who are called local preachers in the Methodist Charch. Such mon are very useful either for occasional serv- ices or for regular ones when fully ordained ministers are not to be had. CHICAGO, Oct. 4, 1880.—Rt.-Rev. C. E. Cheney, Deax Sm: It is much desired that your able and cuuvincing discourse on ‘Ingersoll and his Methods” may be enjoyed by many who wero unable to be pkesent at its delivery yesterday morning. ‘The undersigned having realized {ts power and nstructiveness; und desiring that its influence may be greatly extended, respectfully request ‘that you will repeat the same at such time us may be most convenient to you. [Signed] William Aldrich, E.G. Keith, M. T. Green, John Benham, J. D.,Dezendorf, S. H. ‘Dyer, and others. Curcaao, Oct. 5.—3fy Dear Friends: I shail be “very glad ‘to repeat my sermon on. Mr. Inge! soll’s * Methods and Facts.” it thereby any In number may’ be lea to see how shallow and de~ Tusive is tho mode which that gentleman em- loys in his assaults upon Scripture and the Mhristian religion. I would suggest next Sun- day evening, Oct. 10, as an appropriate time. remain, yery faithfully your friend and pastor, ‘CHARLES EDWARD CHENEY. PERSONALS. St. Patrick is claimed by the Presbyterians a3 well as the Roman Catholics, but the former have not canonized him. Bishop Bedell has ately siven $5,000 for the endowment of a lecturership upon natural and revealed religion andscience in Kenyon College, after the manner of the Sampton lectures at Oxford. Mrs. Read, of Wilmington, Del, offers to con- tribute $15,000 for the erection of an Episvopal church in Nice, Switzerlana, as a memorial of her husband, deceased in that city, as soon as the land necessary for, the purpose shall have ‘been bought and paid for bys others, and a clear title obtained. ‘The late Rey. W. A. Hallock, D. D., was Secre- tary of the American Tract Society from 185 till 1870." He edited 4,000 distinct works pub- lished by tho Society, and performed a vast ‘amount of other work in connection with the institution. He was the author of some very popular tracts, including “The. Mountain Mil- Jer,” the “Mother's Last Prayer,” and a memoir of Harlan Page. in all, about 1,400,000 copies of his tracts have been circulated. He was twice parciot, and ig survived by two-married daugh- rs. ‘The Rev. S. E. Wishard is to be installed pas- day evening at 7:30 o'clock. The Rev. Sir. Mac- Juugblan, Moderator of the Presbytery. will pre- side ard ask the constitutional questions: the Rev. D.S. Gregory, President of the Lake Forest ‘University, is to-preach the sermon; the Rev. Dr. Worrall will give the charge to the pastor; ‘and the Rev. Walter Forsythe will give tho ‘charge to the people. Pastors and members of sister churches are cordially invited to be pres- ent. says: “ Mr. Stopford Brooke ‘The London Truth says: ogland, and 4g a serions loss to the Church of , to the BroadChurch schvol, of which Dean Stun- Jey is the hend, his on ig an’ irreparable biow.- To the Gniterinns he will fill the long- yaeant place of Dr. 3fartineau. His secession is an incontrovertible proof of the sincerity and Gepth of his doubts, as not only has he to resign his Royal cbaplaincy. but be would certainly have received Bigh preter ear from the present Ministry. Toe st ‘at Westminster he would have been cordially welcomed by bis friend tho Dean. ‘The eloquence and effectiveness of Mr. Brooke's preaching are known to all the world. not Icss than the fact that he {s a man of varied accomplishments, an admirable writer, and an neute and sympathetic critic. Mr. Brooke's step jsnoéurprise to his congregation. There had been many signs in bis recent sermons’ that ho was plunged in n.sea of doubt. Those who most Xeenly regret Mr. Brooke's secession will be the first to admit that, with his new opintons, it was unavoidable, and that he is. wltogether in the right inat once quitting the Established Church. SABBATH SMALL-TALK. A little girl in church, after the contribution plate had been passed. complacently and audl- bodies," bly suid: right?” A little girl read a composition before a min- ister. ‘The subject was “A Cow.” She wove in this complimentury sentence: “The cow is the most useful animal in the world exccpt religion.” Street Preather—“I now ask, brethren, what can I do to move you,—what shall I do to move a you in this worla of wickedness?” “Ai “Send round the ‘at, guv’sor,—that'll move em,” paid for four, mamma, was that “Little girl,” said the Superintendent of a Galveston Sunday-school, * can you tell which day is the Lord's day?” “ Yeth, thir; thath the day wo can’t have no beer, cos the grothery is clothed up.” It was not a surprising conception of a literal- minded little fellow visiting ou Cape Cod who found the inscription in the village grave-yard, * Not dead, but sleepeth.” should run in alarm to his mother and demand, * We must go home right off, [won't stay here all night, anyhow. ‘fhey bury people here when they yo to sleep. I saw one of them outin the grave-yard, and do | you suppose I'l sleep here to-night and have them bury me?” a A Baptist clergyman,. well known in Provi- dence. wus one day dining with a friend, a Jew. Among other g¢ things passed to the clergy- ian Wus sone nice ham. With a surbi wok upon bis face our Baptist brother turned to his- Jewish friend with the remark: “How is it that you, being u Jew, canpartake of this‘ meat, when the eating of all'such meat is strictly forbidden by the old Jewish laws?” “True,” replied his friend, “but when those" laws were made they didn’t bave our fine Cincinnati-cured hams.” An Englishman tells a good story. of’ a clergy- man whom he heard catechising’children in his church one Sunday ufternoon. The man was in the hubit of suying after each. answer from the children, “Vers good; capital; very well.” He asked, + What will be suid to the righteous nt the last day?” And the children, answered, a3 with one voice, * Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you trum the foundation of the .world.” “And the good curnte said, * ver good; capitals very well.” 4nd then be asked the: chiidren whut would bosaid to the wicked? And’ the children again, as with one‘ voice, answered, ‘* Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire, pre- pared for the devit and his angels.” And the | curate said, “ Very. good: capital; very well.” Evidently he had no doubts on the subject of future punishinent. _ _ CHURCH SERVICES. ie EPISCOPAL... : . ‘ |. . Cathedral Church SS. Peter and Paul, corner ‘West Washington and Peuria streets, The Rt- Rey. W. E. McLaren, S.f. D., Bishop. . The Rev. J. H. Knowles, priest in charge. Holy Com- munion,8 8. m: Choral morning prayer and celebration of the Holy Communion, 20:30 a, m. Choral evening prayer, 7:39 p. m. —The Rev. F. Courtney will preach this morn- ing and evening in St. James’ Church, corner of Cass and Huron streets. Holy Communion at § a.m. —tThe Rev. W. H. Knowlton will preach this morning and evening in St. Andrew's Church, corner of West Wushington and Robey strects. —The Rev. John Hedman will preach this morning and evening in St. Ansgarius’ Church, Sedgwick street, near Chicago avenue. —The' Rev. Dr. Clinton Locke will preach this morning and eveolng in Grace Church, Wabash avenue, near Sixtecnth street. Communion at 8a.m. Sents free in the evening. —The Rev. Arthur Ritchie will officiate morn- ing and evening in the Church of the Ascension, North La Salle and Elm street. : —Thé Rey. R- A. Holland will preach morning and evening in Trinity Church, corner of Twen- ty-sixtb street and Michigan avenue. Morning subject: “The Wedding Garment.” Evening subject: “Fated to Be Free.” —The Rev. B. F. Fieetwood will preach to the congregation of St. Murk’s Church in the chapel of the Sixth Presbyterian Church, Oak avenue, morning and evening. Suoday-school at 12 m. —The Kev. J. D. Cowan will preach this mucp- ing and evening in St. Stephen's Church, Joho- son, between Taylor and Twelfth streets. —The Rev. Luther Pardee will preach this —Th Souths ‘preach in tha Fhintiethe avenne- and —The Rev. J. H. Wright will preach in West- ern: Avenne..Chiirch, near:Harrison street, at 10:30 & m.° Sunday-school concert in evening. 1 SWEDENBORGIAN. ‘The Rey. L. P. Mercer will preach this morn- J. W. Allen, reh,~corner Prairie. ing in. Hershey Music’ Hall. Subject: “The Foundations.”* —The Rey. B. C. Boostook will preach at 11 a, m. in Lincoln Park Chapel, Clark street, near Menominee, and in the evening in Union Park Temple, corner of West Washington street and Ogden avenue. = * UNITARIAN. | The Rev. Brooke Herford will: preach this morning in the Church of the Messiah, .cornec of Michigan avenue and Twenty-third strect. Morning subject: “Sight and ight.” No evening service. See wll be no services at Unity Church ‘The Rev. T. J. Morgan, D.D., of tho Baptist Union Theological Seminary, will preach morn- ing and evening In the Evangel Church. —The Rey. J. W. Polk will preach morning and Syaning: in the Providence Caurch, No. 15 Irving --The Rev. E.O. Tayler will preach mornin, and evening in Central Church, 290° Orchar: street, neur Sophia. It being the’ third anni- versary of the church, the pustor will review tbe work ot.the yeur at the morning service. Praise service in the evening. © —The Rev. E.- Wingren will preach fa the Second Swedish Church, Buttertield street, neur ‘Thirty-first, mogning and evening. ~The Rev-G. C. Lorimer will preach in the First Church, corner of South Park avenue and Thirty-first strect, at a.m. and P. ia; Morning subject: “The Problem of Porerty.” Evening subject ‘The Unknown Spirit." —The Rev.. Kerr 8. Tupper will preach in Michigan Avenue Church, near Twenty-third strect, at 12 a.m, —The Rev. E. B. Hulbert will preach in the Fourth Chureb, carer of West Wasbingtoz and Paulina streets, at.10:30 a.m. and 7:W p. m. —The ev. Dr. Burhoe will preach in Univer- sity Place Church, corner Douglas place end Rhodes ‘avenue, at 10:30 a. m. and 7:80 p. m. .—The Rev. J. Rowley will preach in the'Nort! Star Church, corner of Division and Sedgwick streets, at 10:45 a. m. and 7:30 p.m. —The Rev. C. Perren will preach in Western aignne Church, corner of Warren avenue,at p.m. -—The Mev. W. H. Parker will preach in Cov- entry Street’ Church, corner of Bloomingdale road, at 10:30 a. m. and 7:10 p.m. hog —The Kev. R. De Laptisie will preach in Oli- «vet Church, Fourth aveoue, near -Tuylor strect, at Li m. and 7:45 p.m. —The Rev. A. K. Parker will preach in Cen- tennial Church, corner of Lincoln and West Jackson streets, at 10:30 a m. and 4:59 p. mn. —The Rev. E. O. Taylor will preach ty Central Church, 200 Orcbard street, near Sopbia, at 1045 oa i A. Broadhurst will preach in Dearborn Street Church, near ‘Thirty-sixth street, at 10:8) a. n. and 7:0 p.m. —The Rev. J. O. A. Henry will preach In . Evangel Chureh, Dearborn street, near Forty- seventh, ut 10:15 a. nt, and 7:2) p. m. —The’ Rev. N. F. Ravlin will preach fn the Buptist Mission, #31 Ogden uvenue, morning and ng. —The Rev. J. B. Vosburg will preach in Millurd Avenue Church, Lawndale, ‘at iosas a.m. and 7:0 p.m, : g —Services will be held in Halsted-Street Church morning and evening. —The Rov. W. M. Lawrence will preach morn- ing and evening in the Second Church, corner Morgan and- Monroe streets. —The Rev. Mr. steyer will preach morning and evening in the First German Church, corner of Bickerdyke and Huron streets. LUTHERAN. The Rey. William A. Schueffer will: preach at 10:8) a. m. in Wickgr Park Evangelical Lutheran Church, corner Hoyne and Le Muyne streets. - METHODIST. ae The Rev. M. M. Parkhurst, D. D., will preach in the Michigan Avenue Church, seer Thirty~ second street, at 10:30a.m. In the eventug at 7:30 the Rev. G. R. Vanborne will preach. Sub- ject: The Master's Hunds,” —The Rev. Frank Df. Bristol. will preach this morning and evening in Wabash Avenue Churth, corner of Fourteenth street. —The Rev. Jobn Williamson will preach in tho First Church. corner of Clark and Washington morning and evening in Calvary Church, Warren avenue, between Ouklcy and Western: —The Hey; T. N. Morrisun, Jt., will preach this morning and evening in the Church of the Epiphany, ‘Throop ‘street, between’ Monroe and jams: Reset aes —The Rey. W. J.Pettie will preach this morn- ing at li and this afternoon at 4 o’cluck in the Cuurch of Our’ Savior, curner of Lincoln and Belden avenues, - i picts “| —The Key. JainesE. Thompson will preach thi ‘morning and eyeaing in St. thomas’ Church, In- ‘diana avenue, between Twenty-ninth and ‘Chir- tletn streets. eee There will be services this morning and even- ing ip’ .the St. Luke's Mission, 937 and #39-West Polk bi te. = Seas thee ~The Rev: D.. F. Smith wil! preach this morn- Good Shepherd: ny Easel. i rnivg, and byening. 3 uals and. oyeping, ~The Rev. Heury G: Perry-will preach morn- fing and evening in the Churck of the Holy Com- - munion, Maywood. 3 ~—There will be services morning .and evening io Emmanuel Chureb, LaGrange. * ~The Rev. W._P. Tucker will preach morning and evening in St. Paul's Church, Hyde Park. :. | —The Rey. E. B/Taytor will preach at4 p.m. ing their worldly callings. But it draws the jine | in St. Patul'sChureh, Hiverside. REFORMED EPISCOPAL. = "The Rev. Dr, Cooper will ‘preach at_11 o'clock this moraing in the Church ot the Good Snep- herd. curner of Jones and Homan strects, “Nthe Rev. KR. H. Bosworth preaches at 3:46 this afternoon in ‘the Presbyterian Church, Euglewood,. Subject: “ Salvation by Faith Ac- cordant with Beriprurs: and Reason.” —The Iit.-Rev. Bishop Fallows will preach this morning and evening in St. Paul's uburch, cor- ner of West Washipzton and Carpenter streets, Evening subject: “The Desire for Property.” Seats tree in the evening. —The Rev. F. W. Adams will preach this morn- ing and evening in St. Mutthew’s Church, cor- ner of Clark and Centre streets. 7 —The Rt.-Rev. Bishop Cneney will preach this morning and evening in Ubrist Church, Michigun avenue’ and twenty fours street. Byvening subject: ‘ Ingersoll’s Sfethods and Al- lege Eaves een by request. Seats‘ free at night. Bishop Cheney will officiate at 3:30 p. m. at Grace Church, corner of Elston avenue and Clybourn Piuce. Holy Communion. PRESBYTERIAN. The Rev. J. H. Walker will preach at the Campbell Park Chureb, corner of Leavitt street and Campbell Park, morning and evening. Mora- ing subject: “Household Religion.” . Evening subject: * Life's Restlesness.” —Yhe Rev. Heary T. Miller will: preach this morning and evening in the Sixth Courch, cor- nerof Vincennes and Onk avenues. Morning su bse “ Healed by a Touch.” Strangers in- vited. 2 —The Rev. Herrick Johnson will preach in the Fourth Church, corner of Rusb and -Superior Streets, at 10:45 a. m.and 7:45 p.m. Sabbuth- school at 9:20 a. mn. , —The Rev. 8. E. Wishard, -pastor-elect, ‘preaches morning and evening in the Fifth Chbureh, coruer of Indiana avenue and Thirtieth Street. Evxoing subject: “Excuses.” Sab- buth-schoo! immediately after the morning services. —The Rev. H. W. Brown will preach morning and evening in the-Enzlewood Church. . —The Rev. John M. Worrall, D. D., will preach morning and evening in the Eighth Cburch, coruer of West Washington and Kopcy streets. streets, at 10:30. wm. and 7:30 p.m. Morning subject: “Why } Cume,to Look upon the Bible asthe Word of God.” Evening subject: “The Yousg Men of Ti-Day.” _ - —The Rev. Robert D. Sheppard will preach morning and evening in GraceChureh, corner or La Salle and White streets. * —The Rev. K. B. Pope will preach morniux, and evening In Trinity Courch, indiana avenue, near. Twenty-fourth street. ek ‘The Itev. J. W. Richards will preach in B) Emmanuel Caurck, corner Harrison and Paulina, morning und eventbg. y —The ftev. W. B. Hobart will preach in. Jack- son Street Church, curnar of Oglesby, morning -and evening. % p . —The Rev. J. H. Kellogg wilipreach in Asbury ‘Chapel, Kossuth street, morning andevening. — . —'The Rev. 8. ‘f. Shaw will preach in Dickson Street Church, near North avenue, morning and- es ESeiacnasbrake gee ber cae ~The Rev. F. Porter will preach ‘in’ Lincoln Street Church, corner of Anibrose street, morn- ingandevening: "7 * ~The Rev. J. Sf. Wheaton will preach in North- west Church, Western avenue, near Milwaukeo aveoue ee “thé Rev. W. B.-Norton will preacb in Mil- Waukee Avenue Church, His ilwaukec avenue. ~The Rev. Dr. Thoms witt prench this mornt: and evening in‘the Centenary Church, corner of * Morgan and Manroe streets. : * ~ —The Rev. T.C. Clendeqning will preach in Langley Avenue Church, corner of Egan ave- nue, morning and evening. tees ~—The Rev. "J. W. Phelps: will preach in St. Paul’sChureh, corner of Maxweli and Newberry streets, morning and evening. —Tho Kev. George Chase will preach in Fulton, Street Church, corner of Artesian avenue, morn- ing and evening. ve Peek, ‘The Rev. W.E. Gibbs, of Portland, Me., will preach morning and evening in the Church of - the Redeemer, corner of Saugamon and West | ‘Washington streets. eh '—The Rev. W.-H. Ryder wilt preach morning and evenmg ja St, Paul's Churh, Michigan ave- nue, near Eighteenth street. g , MISCELLANEOUS. Elder Mark H. Forscutt, pastor of the First Church of Latter-Day Saints, will preach mura- ing and evening in Cuatle Hall, No. 619 West Lake street.- All are favit — Liberal Reunion” in the hall at 213 West Madigon street ut 2:90 p.m. Subject: “Our Religiv-Politico-Free-w-. sivn to Heaven.” —The Kelectics will meet at No. 218 West Mad- ison street ut 7:80 p.m. Opening address by Prof. Hill oa * ‘fhe Dangers of ingdelity.” —Geurge U. Needham will preach morning ‘and evening in the Unicago Avenue Caurch, curucr of La Salle street. Sunday-school classes 1 all aes wt J p. in, '—The Kev. Dr. Noble will lecture in Farwell urst in a course of Sunday sfternoon Bible lect ures. The song service will begin at 4 0’ ‘ctock. rSthe Key. Of M. Parkhurst will address & Gospel meeting ta Farwell Hull this evening. —oould Ross will preach‘in the afternoud at No. 517 West Mudiwua street and ia tne evening ‘at No, 2012 Suate street. * 2yne leaders for this week's Gospel meetings, under tue wuspives of the Woman's Coeistian ‘Temperance Uulon, ia Lower Furwell- Hull. will peas follows: Monday, Mra. A.B. Hive; ‘Tues- day, Mrs, Makeel; Wednesday, Mrs. Haines; ‘Tht l; 5 ursday, Mra. Powers; Frduy, Mra. Curse; Zoursday its MeDowell. —The Rev. H. M. Collisson will preach morniug and evening in the Fullerton Avenue Church, near North Clark streot. Communion and ser- mon at 10:30, on * We Do All Fade as the Leaf.” —The Rey..James Muciaughlan will preach in tho Scotch Church, corner of Sangamon and Adams streets, morning and evening. —The Rev. A. B- Kittredge will preach morn- ing and evening in the ‘Third Church, corner of Ashland und Ogden avenues. —The Key. Arthur Mitchell will preach at 10:30 a. m. in the First Crure corner indiana avenue ‘and Twenty-tirst stree! —The Hey. Francis‘L, Patton, D, D.,LL.D., will prench m2ruiog and evening in Jeiferson Park Church, corner Throop and Adums streets. —The Rev. T.&. Wynkoop, of Wusbinzton, D. £, a0 pee morning and evening in Hyde ark Chureb. ‘The Rev. J. 8. McIntosh, of Belfast, will preach morning and evening in the Second Chureh, corner of Michigan avenue and Twen- teth street. CONGREGATIONAL. ‘The Rev. Charies Hall Everest will preach this moraing and evening in Plymouth Church. Michigan avenue, between Twenty-sixth streets. “There will be preaching this morning and evening in the South Church, Drexel avenue and Fortieth street. —The Rev. A. Monroe will preach in Union qWabernacle, corner of Asbland avenve and ‘Twentieth strect, at 10:30 a.m. and 7:0 p. m. —Prof. G. B. Willcox will preach in the morn- {ng aud Prof. Samuel Rees Curtis in the syening: fn the Western Avenue Church. Sabbath-schoo! ‘at 2:80 p.m. : (“ihe Rev. F.A. Noble will preach morn- ing and evening in Union Park Church. corner of Asbland avenue and Washington street. ~The Hey. Arthur Little will preach In the New England Church, corner Dearborn avenue and Delaware plaice, nt 10:30 a. m. and 7:80 p.m. '—The Kev. B. F. Leavitt will preach in Lincoln Park Church, corner of Sophix and Mobawk streets, nt 10:45 a. m. and 7:W p. m. —The Rev. C. 4. Towle will preach in Bethany Church, corner of Baulina and West Huroa streets, at 10:45 a, m, and 7330p. m. Ton GH beeke will preach in Leavitt Street Church, corner of West.Adams, at 10:30 a. m. and 7:30 p.m. ° ‘the Rev. Evarts Kent will preach in Clinton Street Church, corner of Wilson street, at 10: @& m. and 7:00 , mm. —The Rev. E.-P. Goodwin will preach morn- ing and evening in the First Church, corner of West ‘Washington and Ann streets. George W. Sweeny’ will preach The Rev. George W. Sweeney, preact morning and evening in the First, Church, ier of Oia street and Indiana avenue. —The Rev. C. H. Cai will preach in the secant Church, Oakley frenve, corner of Jack- gon street, morning and evening. enty-fifta and } '—fhe Kev. James K. Applebee will preach in the moruing at the corner of Cottuge Grove and Vincennes avenues. Subject: “ How the Cil- cago Preachers Went tor Ingersoll.” 5 —0.5. Lyford, Superintentent vf the Chicago & Eastern Mlinols Mulroad, will teud the’ ruit- road men's meeting in the reading-roun, coruce Kinzie and Canal strects, atu:15 p.m. All miil~ oad empioyés and friends are curdinll; cae ee jolph stroct at p. m. aceatral ‘movtlase of Friends this morning at 02a) In the Athemeum - Building, Dearborn, street, near vipD. —The Woman's Christian Temperance Union will bold a temperunce love-teast ut thelr read fog-rooms on Cottage Groye avenue, ‘Puirty-ninth street, at 4:30 p.m. The Hold-the- Fort Red Ribbon Club will speak and sing. '* —Dr. Matthews will preaeb morning aud oven~ jrecn street. Sweats free. Grech stress Shaw will preach tu the morning in Curpeater Hull, No. 21 West . Sadison street, t the Pucitic Garden Mission to-night. ine here will be a a Spiritual meeting at 13 South Halsted street at 7:30 p.m. Subject: ~ ‘Ihe Times We Live In.’ ei ex Coiiuallsts" and mediums’ meeting will Id ut No. 308 West sfndison street “at J p.m. eee oi S: bake, Liberalist, will speak a the Mrs. ‘West End Operu- House at Jia. im. und.720 Joraine sunjec Jesus Christ the Keformy Evening subject: Herv.” CALENDAR FOR THE WEEK. EPISCOPAL. Oct. 10—Twentieth Sunday after Trinity. Oct. 1b—Fast. * CATHOLIC. Oct. 10—Twenty-first Sunday after Pentecost. Oc Bese "Frases ‘Borgia, C. Oct. 12—Feriu. 13—St. Edward, K, C. Oct H—St Callistus, P.M r. 15—St, Theresa, V. . or §—Otiice ot the hamaculate Conception. Fagen A Now Use ror Cork. ‘The new cork floor covering—Linoleum—bas ingratiated “Itself so rapidly toto public favor, Al, Air-Line Exeur-- for. Bali at 4:0) this ufteruoon on * Integrity,”—the - “Christ. meet uty West Han-~ near: jog in the Advent Christiun Church, ¥l South — ‘ol, George R. Clarke leads the Gospel meat- “ “Thomas Paine, Patriot and thatit Is superseding alt appliances heretofore ~ employed for that purpose. Its most remarka- hlefeature is its “extraordinary durability’; in this re ¢ no other tioor rales} can com- pare with it. Itis equally desirable for dininy- rooms, halls, churches, and every vuricty uf buildiug. Kept by all first-class carpet dealers. ‘The only genuine article hus “LINOLETX” on the back of every square yard. - — Hop Bitters gives good digestion, goud caroulaiea, and puovant esas vets sei bs Ee aa