Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 31, 1880, Page 4

4 THE CHICAGO TRIBUN SATURDAY, JULY 31, '1880— Ge Tribune. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, HY MAIT—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID, Tially adition, ona yont. 12.00 arts of n year, POF Mont 200 bits andndnany one se 14:60 Jrovcdagttaradar. and eniurday, pet penis <-O.00 ‘Sinng'wWweanesnye and Rriany; per Fe 00 Eatnrdayorsunitay. LG-pugoediion parvent a0 ‘ANY CULE My, PEF TCAEs verve sees ne OO WEEKLY UDITION—VOSTPATD, Ono capy, par % 1.50 Chub Fate 1288 Vlubof ten.. at Specimen copies sont tree. Hi Giyo Post-Oilice address In falt, including Stato and tounty, s st as Remittances may be mado either by draft. oxfross, Vrost-Oilice order, ur in rezistered totter, at our risk, TO CITY SULSOUBERS Dalty,detivered, Sanday oxcopted, 23 conta por wack. Unity, delivered, Sunduy inctuded, 0 conte por weok. Addrexs THE TIUMUNE COMPANY, “Corner Mtadieon snd Renrtorn-até. 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By ordor of Rin, Commune; ler. 11M UACUNY, Hecorder. SATURDAY, JULY’ 81, 1880, TO WORKING REPUBLICANS. ‘The Presidential campaign bas now fatrly opencd. Tho Republicans have a mngnificont standard-bearer, at once a statesman, scholar, aud soldier, who {s worthy of the cordial support: of every Republican in thy brond land,“ Evory minn who Is proud of tho patriotlo record of tho Republican party, aud devoted to the honor and welfare of his country, cannot hesitate to sup- port Gen. Jaues A. Gansieup and tho wholo Republican ticket. + ‘The Domo-Confederate eandidato fs wholly ignorant of political and civil aifaira, as his wbule fife bas been spont in military routiae; he is utterly unflt todischurgo tho delicate and dim- cuit duties of the Prealdoncy, and if olectes wilt be nothing more than a nose vf wax in the hands ‘of the crafty, unreconstructed, State-supremncy Lrigadiers of the South. It is not safe to elect ssh 1 man Chicf Magistrate of thls great No- public. ‘ ¢ ‘the Republicans must confront tho “8olld Soft" by a Solld North. Congress’ must be recuverod from the hands of the Confederates and thelr doughfaco allica; and the Govern- ment mnat be kept in the control of the party that saved the Union aud mado a free coun- try; that preserved. the flercoly assuiied Na- tional credit, restored tho curroncy to par, illlcd the chunnels of trado with gold and allyer, re- duced tho public debt and tho rates of Interest, and éstublished goneral -prospority. ‘Tho bital- ees intorests of the country cannot afford to be tampered with or exparimented upon by cur- rency quacks or reckless domugogs.. Gon. GAl- ¥IELD will give tho peoplo a puro, able, eco- nomical, eMicient, and patriotic Administration. Inelecting him thore nro no risks to be taken, ay his wisdom, cxperlence, and record are known to nllinon.” are In support of tho Republican party, its cand!- Sates and principles, Tuw Curcaco Trmune will mako a Ilyely campalgn. No-ngoney will contribute mare to tho success of tho Hepub- Yeun causo than a wide dissemination among the people of this Journal. In order to place ‘Lum Wrekiy Trmons in tho hands of tho greatest possiblo number of «readers during tho campaign, It will bo sent ‘until aftor tho Presidential election at the fol- jowlhg oxtraordluurily low rater Binglo bony 10 Three copie: 200 ‘Ten copies (ono addreas), 3.00 Forty copies (ono uddross), All additional copies each'35 conts. Lot working Repuolicana pour in tho cluba * without delay until every reader Js supptied. | Tire population of Arizona ‘Territory is $1,680. | ‘Yin: population df South Bend, Ind, is 13.492, belng a gain of 0,200 sico 1570, Tue hop crop in New York State, thisyenr, will bo 25 por cent greater than the crop of 1870, ‘Tire Post-ONice at Eldred, fourteen miles from Bradford, Pu,, was burglarized Thursday ufght, * ‘Tire Marquis of ‘Tseng, the Chinese Am- bagsudor, bas at length arriyod at Bt Potors- burg. SECRETARY Scuunz addressed ‘large and enthusiastic Hopublicau audience ut Sun Frans claco lust evening. Custou-House recelpts at Now Orleans in- Qleato that business in that city is ina yory Hourishing condition. ‘Tne Irish Relief bill tins passed the House of Lords, and now only awaits tho Quoen’s aly nature to bevome law. Tonks newspapers, which publish arti- eles from European papers hoatlle to ‘Turkey ure thredtoned with susponsion by the Sultan, ‘Tuk Basutos are auld to be more. autenbly disposed, and aro deserting thoir Chiefs and eur- rendoring thelr arts to the lrilish authorities. | Coxraarous pleuro-pnetimonta has again made its appearance in some of the English vounties, particularly tu Nottinghamehire and Yorkshire, . Conanessuan Tom Browne, of Indiana,’ says ho expoctaa majority of 8,000 In bis district, and Js conlldent that the State will cust its yote for Garflold. DirvomaTze relations will soon be resumed botween Franco and Mexico, Tho Ministers: . Plentpotentlary to the respective countries will, be appoluted the 5th of Ovrober, Sin Cran.us Dinky, In replyton question, Mated fn the House of Commons yestorduy that be had noJnformation of n mutiny among tho British soldiors in Cyprus, and he did not builevo: it waa true, —_—_ Tue Town of Yule, in Uritish Columbia, tho headquurters of the Canudtan Pavlilc itil road, 1 reported to havo bean destroyod by fire, Atis supposed that tho tlre wus the work of ine condiuries. — Tr tg roported from Berlin thatthe German Goverdivnt hus declared ite Intention to buve nothing mora ta du in reference tu the Greco- . Turkish ditltculty, Tho Sultan will bo well pleased at this intelligence. ee ‘Tuz willtary headquarters of tho Depart- ment of tho Putte have been removed from | Fort Ownba to the City of Omubn on tho recom qendation of Gen, Sheridan, Vort Owulu ts to be made u permanent pos! sol nk Louleville CgurieJournat estlinates the population of Keatucky at 1,701,331, which id uu increase of 41021 over the population in 1670, ‘The esthunte Is bajed on olticlal returns front forty-two counties tu the State, -Anoir 2,059,083 aores ure under wheat tu Minnesota this yeur, being un Increawe of about. 10, acres Over lust year, The average ylola ducstimated by the St. Paul Ploneer-Pree ut iftven bushela totho uerc. The uveruge yield, last year yas iL4 bushels, The returns show a large {norenso jn ; tho yield nnd aorcago fn the nevwly-sottled counties of the State, and n con- alderablo failing off in the old countics, Tho Yield In some of the westérn counties will yor nyo tiénty bushels to the ac: ees 2 A chirrhe who was put off a Chicago & Alton train at Bloomington last evening at- tompted to-kiif the conductor. Mo fired ono shot from a Ivor with that purpose, and was thon arreated, Tho conductor was not hurt. . Tur Canndions have a new grievance aris- Ing out of want of ‘reciprocity bofivocn thts country and thoirs. .Btave coal sells at $5.50 per ton at Ozdonsburg, N. ¥., whilo the samo kind sells ut Ottawa, a fow miles distant, at $6.75 por ton, : ————d Ar the request of Gens Hancock, Gen. Sherman has forwarded to tho former, at Gov- eruor's Island, n copy of the much-talked-of lotter writtan by Hangook on. the Tilden affair, It Js provable that Gen. Hancock will soon pub- | Neb tho letter, Geax. WEAVER has written to the Secretary or tha Soglalistle Lavor party decluriny his ap- proval of tho Soclalistic revolutions on the land question. His letter ts entirely satisfactory to the Soclalistio Executive Committee, whlok will consequently indorse bis nominavon. W. IL Cusumas, who las been Indicted for embezzling $10,000 of the finds of tho do- funct First National Hank of Georgetown, Colo,, of which ho was President, has, surrendered at Naw York to tho Unitod States authorities... Ho will bo taken ty Colorado to stand his trial. “Tin: Porte { x to hand over the as- anaty of Col. Commeraoff to the Russian author= itfes, but the Hussian Ambagandor deninnds that tho Turkish authorities shall execute tho pris- onor, and in this demand ho is backed by the represontatives of tho othor European Powers. Tleavy rains, Insting for six hours, fell in the south of Englund yesterday, dotug Irrep- nrable damago| to tho whent ‘crop in thut region. Tho Thames and its tributaries have in many places overtlowed their banks, dolng much injury tothe grazing lands and destroy- ing the hay. Coxanrssaan Lavitas, of New York, has Leon on an extensive tour through tho western countics of that State, and gays tual the feollng in favor of Hancock J rapidly, dying out, That portion of tho State, he snys, will give a majority to Garfield that cannot be over- come in the City of New York. Gneat excitement provails at Jonesboro, Gu, in the vicinity where tho children of tho colored man Thompson were shot, and where 4 ho himeclf waa besten, Seven “persons have beon, urrosted for complicity in tho outrage, ‘The colored inen aro greatly excited, and tho Governor has called out the militia. * Arvrer Turkey has gottled its difcuities with Montenegro by cediug tho Duletyno and Bogand distrieta to that Principality, It Is be- Meved'that the Powers wil! reopen the Greek Doundiry question, on the ground that Tarkes was not heard through its representative nt tho Borlln Conferénes, ‘That naval demonstrauion wil be consequontly postpone: Arren considerable parleying, and with considerablo reluctance, forty-eight yf the chlof men of tho Utes yestorday signed tho treaty presented by the Commissioners at Los Pinos, The ceded lands will not bo upon to settlement uutil all the arrangoments in regard te removal are perfected and n proclamation to that effect Hissued by tho President, S ———— Osx of the objections which ‘Turkey urges against ceding any portion of jts-territory to Greccu fa that the proporty of Sussulmans now realding fn the territory would be contisented by this de¢laration that tho threo sinendmants fro part of tho supreme law of tha land, ils provious affirmance of the unconstitu- tlonality of the Reconstruction acts hoe, per- iniis to stand. ‘Lo do otherwise weuld be to stamp his own record nt New Orlcans with the hand of resistance and ylolation of the law of thetnnd. =, . e355 Gen, Hancock avotds, ignores; tho great question at [ssuo between the Republican and Democratic parties, ns to the Nationality of the United States, Ho carefully refugos , to recognize such Nationality, or to-even ad+ iit that If elected he will be the Executlyo of a National Government, Ills theory that the Government of the. United States tg mado up in pitt by the local Governments of tho States $s an attempt to give the doctrine of State-supremacy, ns opposed to Notional soverelxnty, & new application. ‘The Goy- ernments of tho States haye no central or directing authority, in any: form, 18 ‘part of the Goverment of the United States. They exist and ‘exercise all their powers In subordination to the: National su- thority. They are purely logal’ Governments of purely local -politien! -corpotations, and when the exercise of powers by tho State Governments and by the National overn- ment clash or como in confilet; the State nu- thority, being of necéasity theinferfor, must, from alike necessity, ba subordinate, and must be silent. Where Gen. Hancock got Mis Idea that the Stato Governments are part of the Government of the United States, we do not know; but tho use of ‘such language lvoks like an uttempt to asssert the pernicious doctrine of Stute-supremacy, . and | that the Unton exists by the permission of tho States, atid that It fs the creature.of the States, “I'he Union isa National Union; it las a Natlonn! Government, and Gen, Uan- cock cannot by any form of words obscure that fact, nor divert the attention of the coun- try from the other fact that the Democratio party deny the Nationality of the Unionand the supreme National character of the Govern- ment. That Nationality Is the main pillariu tho edifice of Atnerican independence, andon the preservation of ‘that Nationality expe- rience has shown depends the National safety not only against foreign foes, but also against domestic Insurrection, rebellion, and the cost and horrors of civil war. Gen. Hancock will find that ho cannot, though at tho head,of the solid Confederate States, safely ignore the Natlonnlity of the Union in the presence of tho American’ people. y llis reference to the reformation of’ tho Civil Service is, In plain English, a declara- tlon that, If all the elective offices bo filled with Democrats, those elected will find Dem- ocrats to fill all the nppointive places... ‘Iho reference to “ fraud, violence, nnd in- competency” ts a little obscure. Whether it ns reference to the wholesale election frauds recently exposed In Now York City, orto the brutal violence which for several years has denied to large bodies of citizens tho right and privitege of voting. at either State or Natlonal elections, will doubtless be expinined hereafter. As ho writesthils letter witha full: kuowledge that {n five large and populous States a largo portion of the people—in soine States a majority—tare not go to tha polls to- yote tor fenr of ‘violence, and. .that~ in. the few places where they do yote tholr votes are not counted or returned, the country, while the Grecks, Thi objeotion has been met by tho Joint guarantee of England and Austria that tho Mussulmans shall be protected In ult thelr prop- erty rights, + . Tur jury in the Seawanhaka case have re- turned a verdlet cxonornting tho United States Bteambont Inspectors from ali binmo, as they find Unt tho boat was provided with nil xp- purtenances required by.tnw,. The jury severely censures the crew, for their want of dixciplino and wantoft concert, and ond by making somo suggestions as tothe way yossols may bo av- curcd from daumnye by tire, Tirenc was an immenss gathering of Re publicuns at Crown Point, Ind, last night, to ratify the nomination of Garflek! and Arthur. ‘The principal speech of the evening was deily- ored by the Hon. D, P, Baldwin, of Logansport, Ttepublicun cundidate for Attorney-General. Grent onthusiusm was manifested, ‘Tho people from all tho surrounding districts were on band to partlelpate In the demonstration, » Turn Marquis of Ripon, Viceroy of Tnilla, has telegraphed tho Marquis of Hartington that Gen. Phayro hus not beon uble ty advanva to the rellef of tho British garrison bommed In at Candahar, on account of tho uativity of the hoatile nativg tribes, Iteluforcoments are being pushed foward to ald tho- General and to swell his forces th hauMelent strongth to warrant him Inadvuneing, In tho meantime, tt {3 sald that soveral uf tho nattyo tribes who buve titherto beon neutral have taken up nrms tn fuyur of Ayoob Khan. ‘Tite State Board of Agriculture of Kan- ga8 hus fasucd ita annual report, from whieb It appenrs there nee under winter wheat sila. year 9,210,807 nores, which: is an fnerguse over tase yeur of 689,708 acres, ‘The acrenge unlor pring whent {6 one-third loss this year than inst, belng: only 223,218 aeres. Under corn there ire 6at40t heres more than In 187, the acronze this your being 3,518,474. The number of frult trees in benring are as follows: Apple treei, Pear treos, 04,813; pench trees, 6,0. trees, 204,553; and cherry trees, Uy were orected during tho yer 18010 tari -Luilds dugy, at n cost of over #4,000,0.1, Beenrrany Evaiues fy collecting: all the informution obtainable Jn rogurd ta the allexed outrayes on Atmericun versuls Ly the Spantuh nayal authorities, aid as gonn ag he 14 convinced that the outrages wore committed he mays he will demand fmmediatoe reparition of Spain, Capt. Puveons, of the Ruitimore craft Guorge Washington, forwarded to the Beoretury yestor= day tho detall of tho attucls mado on hls vouset off tho coast of Cubn, sutstantially as it was Pgtated iu fas THnusE spevidl dispatches yes- tepduy, Mer. Evarts anticipates no trouble in connection with tho mutter, as he feel certuin that, 1f the outrages ure fully proved, Spaltt will muke no doluy fn ylving full vatlefaction, ‘Irappenrs that Mr, Robert Halloway, who was nominuted on Tnesduy for Congress by tho Vomocrats of the ‘Tenth Ulnols District, wou hia wuy to fuvor by tho fuct that he held bigh rank fn tho well-known Copperhead orguntat- ton, tha © Kulghta ofthe Gulden Ciclo," dndyes Advounte-Gonern! Halt, In hls report to Sucre> tary Stunton, refers 1 My, Hulloway us betow represented to have puted ns Lieutens ant-General or Deputy Supreme Commander of tho Order during the absenue of Vallundigham "from tho country, Evidenco of Hullavay's cone nection with tho. trensonnble neasnclotton was nisy given before the Mittury Coutabaion whlch mivt nt Undinnypolls in dosh, fl fe meueeely tou much ty expect that there are loyal yolurs cnough fi the Tent Olsirtet to cleet aly Hulles way to stay at hone, : > ecieetimemontay GEN, HANCUUK'S LETTE, . ‘The lutter of (ien, Hancoek, necopting the Demveratle noninatlan for the Prealdency, will be found ba Pius Tapone thts morning. ‘Tha brevity would. be commendable were there not a painful consclonsness on the part both of the reader and the writer that tho Tesortto glilterlug .generalities Is edused by Gun, Hancock's almost total want of ae- quaintuncy with the political questions now utissue beford the country, ‘The ‘ostentatjous declaration that the amendnsents to the Constitution,are parts of thut Iustrumont, and as such aro inylolaole, tho reader will understand, hus beon forced A3\8 necessity upon: Gon, Hancock by the recent publication of his lettor to Mr. Glover, in which he cordially ‘approved the Demo- cratlo platform of 180s, In which thoye amendinents and the whole series of Recon- struction acts were declared to be unconsti- tuttonal and vold. ‘The publication of thnt jetier has compelled the General to make agreeing with Gen, Hancock that the bayonet. Is nota becoming instrument for ‘collecting yotes, will lustst that the duty of the National Government Is to secure, at whatever cost and with whatever {ustruments may be nec- essary, to every citizen In the broad land thu right and the opportuntty to vote, and to, have his vote falrly counted and returned at every election for Natlonal officars. ae Ilis final declaration that, if elected, ha will perform his duty to the best of his ability, necording to his own convictions of jaw and tho Constitution, will, of course, be accopted by his Southern gollowers ag a grand saving elause. In New Orleans he violated and dis- regurded the law because his’ convictions were opposed to the Inw, and oventually, when compelled to obey the Inw ngatnst his convictions, he asked to bo relieved from tha duty of executing the low, ‘Tho letter of Gen. Hancock: is not candid; it {s evasive and obscure. Under a pretense of belny an outspoken and frank declaration of principles, no principles aro avowed, but between the lines inay be dIscovered the odor if not the form of the most malignant of all the dovices of disunton, strife, and clyll war, tho demon of State supremney, RANDALL ON.THE TARIFF, Mr. Randalt might. better haye followed the example of: the other spualers at tho New York ratifleation meeting and omitted all reference to the tariff than to, have stulti- fiad himself, Tg ‘should -haye known that, with the Demoeratic platform of this year before him and ils own record behind him, he could not defend -the Demoeratic position | on the tarlif-question without maklug hin sel€ rklleutons. Such was, In fact, the only result of hiweffort,.. He stood np as a protec- {outst Ina free-tradé efty to construe a reve enue-taritl platform th such manner as would satisfy all clwseg. “No judicious man would nudertake so preposterous a inission, A Afr Randall first guys tho tarlif-rofornt men avery large ‘dese of what the gaming eal) “taify,” and endeavored ty, lead them up to the bellef tat the only, hope of replize ing thelr desire rests jn Deomourntic success, ‘To prove this hoe pointed toa posstbility that a Commission of experts may be appointed ft the next session of Congress to revise the tarlit, He neglected to dwell upon the fact that the same Congress from ‘which he promises futtire action ata short session falled, during along session covering nearly ton montis, to devise any mensures of relfof, He concealed tha fact that tho Commission of. exports thot ‘may or may -not ‘bo authorized by the passage of tho Dill now pending before Congress was potitioned for by the. manufacturers fiuterested in malntaining tho protection the- ory, and that such Commission, when ap- pointed, may not meet the demands of the torlif-reformers. Finally, he omitted to tell why the cuuse of tari! reform has been retarded and emburrassed inthe last two “Congresses, which have been under, Demo- cratic control, ‘Tha reason, in briof, is that Mr, Nundull, jn his capnelty as Speaker of the House of Representatives, packed the Cummittes which has charge of the revenue mcasures, * * z ‘Thy, Ways and Means Comittee appointed by Mr, Randall for the present Congress cons sista of the fullowluz members: Woo of New York, Chairman; ‘Tucker of Virginia, Gibson of Louislana, Phelps of Connectiout, Morrison of Hllnols, ills of ‘Voxas, Carlisle. of Kentugky, Felton of Georgla, Gurticld of Qbla,. Kelley of Pennsylvanta,: Cone ger of Michigan, Frye of Maine, and Dunnell of Alinnesotu. Among the Democrats Randall selected four. men who were sureto resist any genulne . effort st tariff-reform— viz,; Gibson, of Loutslann, who represents the sugar luterests; Phelps, of Connetléut, who ia one of the must extreme tariff nen in Con- gress; Felton, of Georgla, whose actions In this matter are governed by certain tran in- tereste in hia State; and Wood, of New York, who, {n consideration of his appointment to the leading Chalrmunship In the House and his elevation to a quasl leadership to which he ig.not entitled by ability or character, was | ready to obey any Instructions Randall might glyo hin, Le then selected from the Revub+ leans threo ‘notoriously uncompromising tariff’ men,—Kelley, Conger, and Frye,~and thus secured a majority tint would unques- tonably strangla nny measures likely to re- sult Jn, ® material modification of the Tart Inws. And yet Speaker Rantlall, having done all this, had the fmpertinenco to apéak! for n party that has declared In favor- of 'n tariff -for.roventie only,” and to prom- isa reforms which he hus beow personally and offectlyely engaged In defenting! ‘Having gone as far'as ho ‘dared, and much further than’ ‘twas’ pitdent; in the effort to coneiliate tho ‘tarlfl-réfurmers, Mr. Randall tured to the protected manufacturers aud @ractously told them’ that thoy need not be warmed, that thelr interests would not be ine jured by Democtatie success, and that tho duties, whatover they may be, will always be regulated so as to provide them with “protection, As ‘It 1s notorious that “a tariff for revenuo only,’ whieh fs the’ plirase of the Democratle platform, avolds those artteles which como In competl-” tion with ‘hoine production and industry, It will be: seen that Mr, Randall wanted to.tm- press upon ‘the protected classes that the Democratig platform In this regard should be accopted in a Pickwickian sense. Iv en- deavored to biow.hot and to blow cold with one and the snine: breath, The result fs that Mr, Randall has .forfolted alt respect for himself and all confidence for his party so far ag tariff mensures nto concerned. No- body enn foretell what will be done in regard to'the Rovenue‘laws if the Demoeratic party shall come into full possession of tho,Goy- ernment, THE BRITISH HOUSE OF LORDS, Great Britain can hardly escape the changea which tine and the general advanee- the States of Europe. Even far-away and hitherto absolutely despotic Russia Is {nu con- mont ét popular government are forcing upon. dition of revolution, the culightcned classes of the people demanding 9 respansible and a ropreseittative government. Austria has within thirty years been lborated from am absolute despotism, and the union of Hun- gury and Austria fs held together by 2 com- pact giving to cach a Jocal Parilament and Ministry, and all represented in an Imnperlal Parliament, and governed by a responsible Ministry. Grent Britalu has o Legislature composed of two branches, The House of Commons is the nearest approach to a popular assembly, representing tbe people of thé Kingdom; but, in {ts apportion ment of members and in Its suffrage, is for away from what in this country would bo regarded ns 8 body representing the people, ‘These diffleulties are, however, within tho reach of the people, and {t is possible that the present Ministry may be able to reform the apportlonment of membora, nud ‘In so doing also reform tho suffrage laws, ‘The Innd question, however, is one which affects hnniedintely and directly the welfare of tho entire agricultural body. It ts cou- ceded that; whethor with full crops or scant crops, the tenant-farmers of tha Kingdom can no longer farm ata profit without w radical change in the land tenures, Any change {n those: tenures means the overthrow of the feudal’ system, by which hud is held Jn Great Britain and Ireland by a few persons, and under which allenation is prac- tically. prohibited or rendered impossible ‘Tho Innd-owners aro a distinct class; they hold. the Jand by ‘Inheritance; It comes to them largely covered by settlements extend- ing several generations, and charged with in- eumbrances upon the revenues equal to the entire product of rental, ‘Tho numbor of theso Jand-owners—wo mean those who own, farintng ‘lands—Is small, and tho tendency fs tothe consolldation of estates by, Interniar- tlages of heirs of Jand-ownlng families. ‘Lhe limited area of land under cultivation is also annually growing!’ leas;-because of the acres put into parks ahd private groinds. The aristocracy of Groat Britain and Ireland is purely one of ‘Iand-owners, - They are an im- mense politienl power, They compose the great bady of the ITouso of Lords,’ and they fill a large portion of the seats In the House of Commions.: Younger sons, relatives, and de- pendents nro elected to the Commonsthrough the power of their patrons sitting In the Lords. Aa members of Parllament they have Sumense social power and influence, ‘They control appointments ta the army and navy, and to tho Civil Service, and to the Church. ‘This body of men, who are to be fount Jn the Liberal og well ag ‘Tory partics, aro resolutely opposed to any interference’ with tho Innd Jaws, or any wenkening of tho tenure by which a few hold all the land, and are able to perpetuate its possession in thelr own class, Hence {t waa that so many of the Liberal members of tho Commons resisted the mild law of compensation to evicted ten- ants proposed by. Mr. Gladstone, and why tho House of:Lords threaten to defeat that bill altogether. ft. ts ‘The subject of the abolition of the English Tlouse of Lords has been revived in England, but the questlon must always encounter the diticulty, how Great Britain can provide substitute for the House of Lords, Noml- nally, tho Uouse of Lords is the British Sen- sate, Itigabranch;of tho National Legisla- ture, Its assent to all legisiation Is a neces sity, Theoretteally it is a representative bady, but, in fact, itis not, because it has no constitupnts. Each member represetits iim self; tho whole number of Lords represent. themsclyes, and no one else, It is Iterally a body In which, the. representatives Include thoir whole constituency, ‘'Lhey are not elective; they’ are. n hereditary body; thay hott office by inheritance only. ‘Phey‘are, howoyer, tho land-owners of tha King- dom, and they inherlt the Jand as thoy do thelr -titles .and thelr seats In the Mouse, However plausible, if not renson- able, may’ bo tho.arguments given for tho abolition ofthis Anomalous branch of tho British Legislature, tho diMeulty with pre- sentitsclf, How fs Great Britaln to constitute a now Senate in caso the House of Lords ts abolished ? z : is In this country, our polltleal Institutions Woroso frnmed and adapted to the oxisting polition! and territorial, divisions that thorg was no dificulty in forming a Senate, which, while It Is a check and a restraint agolust hasty and intemperate action by the popniar branch of Congress, is'nt the same {imo representative, ‘The Senate was established. ‘to represent the territorial divislous of the: country, and its members are elected by the local Legislatures, theso local Legislatures belpg In turn .clected by tho people, So, after gl, the American Senate'{s a: ropresentative body, representing collectively tho peopia of thé States, and, the term of the Sengtors being three tines as Jong as that of the membors of the House, a propor degree “of permanency is given to thebody. Thochole¢of Senators, however, is yery neatly as directly nada by the prople as is that of the members of the Mouse of Representatives, France a few years ago had o difficulty in creating {ts Senate, but France, having ter ritorlal divisions, and Jotal representative bodies, united the American with some other system and provided for 8 Senate couslstiog of 500 inembers. Of these, one-fourth were at once elected for life, all vacancles in that number to be filled by the whole Senate, ‘The other 29 Senators are elected by special bodies formed {4 gach department; the people of each department appoint Sonatoriat Electors, and these elect the Senatora, The Senatorial term {s nine‘ years, one-third of the body ‘Vacuting every three years, The | French Senate fs, thorefore, ns well as tho Llouse of Deputies, 1 representative body. Ont of what constituency can Great Britain elect a Sonate? ‘Che present Senate, or tho House of Lords, has no constituency, but is acinss of itaulf. It is responsible to no one. Each member is a State unto himself, Ho holds his oflea by the samo right that Roy- alty hokts power, Hs office is for life, with right of succession in his helrs, Yet whilo this anomaly Is confessed, and ‘the strango theory of hereditary legislators for 0 free people fs ndinitted to be without renson, tho question {a not auswered how Great Britain cin ‘constitute n Senate that will bo repro- sentative aud nt tho simo tine bo different from the present Houso of Lords, THE EMPIRE AGRIOULTURAL STATE. ‘Tho State of LInofs has achieved the high position of the Empire Agricultural State of Ainorica, and under circumstances which lend to the certainty that its protminence in this respect will bo mututained Jong Into the future, In polnt of population it has beon for a number of years the fourth State In the Union, being exceeded only by New York, Pennsylvanin, and Ohio; tho present census will probably. show itto have a population somewhat in exces of Ohio, but In agricult- ‘ural production, both as to quantities and yalues, {thas taken its placo at tho head of the column, ‘The Statecontains an area of 55,410 squire miles, equal to 35,463,400 neres of Innd. Per- haps thero’ fs’ not tn’ the world-an equal block of land whero thore {s so sniall a pro- portion unadapted to the plow, or which is lost to agriculture by reason of mountains, barrens, swamps, or overflows of water. An aceurate survey of the State a few years ngo showed that there wero 1,800,000 atres of land which could not be cultivated because of their low level or the overflow of water; but of this body of land 00 per cent can be recovered and mado highly productive by tho adoption of a system‘of drainage, De- ducting the land devoted to railroads, right of way, to wagon roads, to cities, towns, and villages, and there remalis in Iilnots 50,000 square miles of land which for genz. eral fertility and adaptability to nericulture has no superlor, If It have on equal, in tho world, ‘The rainfall ranges from sufiiclont to abundant, but novor excessive, except upon the low lands, and these arebelng reclnithed by tlle-dralnage, while the temporature “Is evidenced by. tho almost unfalling production which oxteuds to every county of the State from the lake to tho junction of the Olio and Mississtppt Rivers; ‘Fhe deep, rich sof}, the equable temperature, tho adequate rainfall,—all Qnite in rendering the State of Illinols capable of 1 grenter av- erage production of food-crops per acre with- {n her ‘mits than is possible for any other “State ow the continent. Nor aro her crops limited as to kind. Nearly every staple pro- duction of the soll Is prodneed in Ill!nols,— all varletios of grain, with tho addition of amber sugar-cine, and even cotton in the southern counties, with o prolific produc- tion of a vast variety of vegetables and of many smnal! frults which promises to be one of the most profitablo'character, - Auch of the prairie land of Illinois his been neglectéd because of ‘the great levels, and consequently tho. wet and sodden soll which had no natural drainage. Experience proved that this drawback affected all prairio land, and that tho water remained In. the earth in- excess of what wns needed ns moisture. But this of Into years is being rapidly overcome by tile-drainnge. . Tho deep ditches In tho first place relieved the soll of this surplus water, but not so thor oughly as it hag sinco been ‘done by tiling. So grent have been the benefits of the tilo- drainage that there aro now 100 estublish- ments In Ilinols making tile for prairio draingge, and imore than 10,000 imiles of tile is now lald annually in this. State. \The profits “resulting from it aro . tm inedinte and iinmense, A farmer lays down all tho tile he cnn in tao fall and spring of one year, and reaps the first scason an increase of crop frony thn land thus drained whieh, fully refunds the cost of tiling, 1f he have wet land that he cannot cultivate, | tho crop in one year after underdraining 18 in oxcess of the costof (helmprovemont, As ® result thore Is an ever Increasing acreage: planted each year; on ever. increasing product per acre; greater yields from the same extent of land und amount of labor, and. of courso land of greater selling value, As tho productive yalua of tho land increases, tho better It is cultivated, and the tendency ie also to smaller farms and greater: number of owners dolng their own Iabor and recely- dug its rewards. . . : In 1878 the productive lands of Iilnols were thus divided: i ‘Tho whent crop o: 80,000,000 bushels, corn at 245,000,000, onts at 44,000,000. Sinco then, owing to the Improve- ments made by dratnage, this acreage, as Well as that devoted to athor crops, hag been largely increased. Of tho product of. the faring in this State In 1879 wo have'no official figures excopt in o few of the principal items, Tn the annual review of the trade and com- merce of Chicago, published In Tue Trmunp of Jan. 1, 1860, were printed all thestathsties of the crops of the country,’ so far ns they could then be made up, ‘Tho Hon, B. B, Gillhatw, President of the Illinois Agricultural So- eloty, In bis report, now in press, gives soma of theso returns correeted to a later date, and the oxhibit of Illinois compares with tho whole country as follows: 88, Soni of these figures are not trustworthy, ‘Tho relative proportion of hogs and cattle ausigned to IilIneis ts altogether too low,— too Jow by half, Ilifuols fattons more swine by far than ony other State, and roiscs more cattle than any other with the sin- #le exception of ‘Texas, Mr, Gillham's figures of hogs and cattle are mera guesswork of some. Hbinformed person which he has adopted; but the estimates for ‘grain. nro pretty accurate, as they correspond with those of grain-ealers and Boards of Trade, From the figurea it willbe soen that in 1879 Hilnols pro duced one-Otth of all the corn produced In the United States, and moro than one-tenth ofall the wheat, In both of these craps this State oxccuded any other State in the Union, and tn these particulars this’excess over the other fertile States of the Union will in all Probability be maintained. : But the productiveness of Illinois is not confined to wheat andcorn. The total num- ber of hogs killed and packed in, the United States last year was in round numbers 13,000,000, of which Illnols sent to market as her crop 2,700,000, which is over 3l per sent, The oat crop of Uinois amounted to 15 per cont of all produced ju the Unton; and inthe production of rye, barley, hay, butter, clivese, seeds, and potatoes, aud other root cropa, Il!inols ranks high amohg her sister States, : J Mr, Gillin In his report tabulites coin- WLELVE PAGES. paratlvoly the annual products of the gold and silver mines of the United séntes from 1874 to 1879, both Inclusive, and the valine of the corn crop of LiMnols tn the same years, All tho gold and silver gathered from the mines In those elx years aggregated $477,618,703, while tho valuo of the corn crop In Illnols waa-$470,910,013. ‘The corn fields of Illinols alone have been as productive as oll the vonanzas and othor mines In all the country. -Tho winter-wheat crop In. I!{neis ts from 16 to 80 bushols per acre; of corn the yield Is from 40 to 90 bushels; nnd of oats the aver- age is about 53 busiiols; until within ashort time no partioulars wera collected concetn- tng the crops of potatoes, Mr. Gilllinm states that returns from half the counties have beon recetved for 1879; the average yield from ten counties where the details aro furnished is 240 bushels per acre, and from forty-six other .countles {3 200 bushels por acre. During twenty years the poorest crop of corn in Illinols averaged elghtcen bushels per acre, ‘showlng, that "a failure” af the crop In this’ State Is. hardly possible. ‘The gencral acreage of all the crops of this State during the next ten yoars {8 expected to ex- eced all procedent in tho past liistory of Ulinols and of the country, In the magnitude of its rall’communica- tlon, both in its mileage and in ity distribu- tion, Lilinols exceeds all other States. ‘Tho State Government of Illinois is free of debt, and taxation for State purpose s fs very light; tha debis of counties and towns aro gradually decreasing as a burden; the in- creasoof population and of the value of tax- nblo property reduces the rate of taxation, and, while no munlolpality ts adding to its debta, large numbers are actively engaged in tho work of reduction. Old debts bearing high rates of Interest are Velng funded Into new bonds bearing lower interest, > while arge payments of the princtpal of the debts lave been made In various parts of the State. “In the meantinie, while the State of Ili- nols is fatrly entitled to bo culled the Empire , Agricultural State of the Union, because of tho greater magnitude of her farin-produc- tions, both as to quantity and value, the Stnte has grown'tich in the extent and value of her manufactures. Hor abundance of con), her great water-power, her moans of transportation, the abundance of raw niate- tin, and the immense poptilation which surrounds the great central market at Chi- engo, furnish to the manufacturers of the country inducements not exceeded by those of atiy other section, Jt 1s more ceouomfeal to bring the workshop and the workmen whero the food !s produced in sight of the factory, and whoro the millions of consumers of manufactured goods are in close prox- Imity, and can make thelr exchange of com- moditics at less cost. Thus, while IMinois is growing rapidly as ono of the inanufactur- ing States of the Unton, her supremacy as an agricultural’ State continucs to assert itself ateach returning season of secd-time and harvest. 7 THE AFGHAN PRINCES, As the Afghan question bids fair to be- come, fora tie at least, the most important tople in the forelgn nows, and ns the rela- tions of the Afghan Princes to ench other and to the English are not generally understood, & revlew of the Incidents leading up to tha recent disaster to the English forces will bo of interest as enabling the reader to forin ao more Sntelligent idea of the sltuation as it will appear in future dispatches, 4 1 ‘Tho almost constant revolutions in Afghan- istan grow out of -the plottings of four Afghan Priuces,—Abdurrahman Khan, Shere All (not the old Ameer whom the English drove, out of Cabnl), Yakoob. Khan, and Ayoob Khan, all aspirants for the chicf rule In Afghanistan, Shere All, a friend of the English, was made Governor of Candahar Ingt: April by Lord Lytton, then Viceroy. 6f Indian, and as it was important to unite the Government of Candahar with that of Cnbul it was mado an indepondent State, The now arrangement only tended to Increaso the bitter feelings of the people of Herat, where Ayoob Khan, & son of tho old Ameer, was at the head of a strong party. and of an army which monaced Shere All to such an extent that a brigades ot English troops was sent to his assistance, Ayoob Khan is 9 brother of Yakoob Khan, who was made “Ameer after the old Shere All was’ driven from Cabul, and who Js now a prison- er of war in India, upon suspicion of com- pileity in the Cavagnar! ninssacre, Six years ago, Yakoob Khan visited his father at Ca- bul, and Ayoob was. appointod Governor of Herat during his absence. After Yakoob Khan's expntriation by order of his father, tho Intter undertook to redssort his authority at Herat, which was defled by Ayoob Khan with such success ‘that he soon beeamo tho actual Goyernor, Meanwhilo followed in quick succebsion the fight of Shere Ali from Cabul, the return of Yakoob Khan, is appointment as Amcer, his arrest and confinement for treachery, the appolutment of the new Shere All as Governor of Canda- har, and the appointment of Abdurrakman Kian ag Ameer at Cabul. = : » The récent movements of Ayoob Khan were directed, not agalngt . Abdurrahinon Khan, but against Shere All, It belng his evident Intention to drive him from Canda- har before hoe could firmly sent himself or the English forces could come to ils rescuc, U{s movement commenced last May, and was ‘aided by Hashim, Khan, who was also an fsplrant for the throne at Cabul, and also by Khusgdil Khan, who, took goyeral:reginents to him from Cabul, ‘The nows of Abdurrah- man’s appointment in the North precipitated matters, and Ayoob Khan dotermined to selze upon Candahar and anticlpate any de- signa of Abdurrahman fn thot direction, Shore All advanced to meet him, and was not only repulsed and compelled to fall back, but a portion of his troops deserted him and went over to Ayoob Khan.’ In hla (oxtremity ho was obliged to call upon the English for help, Gen, Roberts’. brigade was dispatched to bis rellef, Ho first pursued’ tho deserters and killed somo of thom and then joined Sherd Al's forces, but, convingod that thelr Joint forcea were not strong enough to copa with Ayoob Khan, who had 13,000 men, while. his own forco numbered only 2,700, ho was compelled to retrat, 1t was while making thls retrograde mover ment and enzgmped on tho, River Holmund, near Garlshk, which was easily fordadlo, that Ayoob's troops crossed and surprised them, Tha attack was mado ’In 0 savage manner, and Gen. Roberts' forces, over- whelmed. with superior sumbers; were speedily not only defeated, but routed with heavy Joss, ,Gen, Roberta and Shero Ali suo- ceuded {n reaching Candghar, and for several days stragglers came in, but there was noth- jug Ike an army left.’ 5 * ‘Tho lunuiinent dangor now Hes In a general uprising of .the Afghan tribes, and, pothaps, in the djsloyalty of some of the Indian tribes, A-success like that achloved by Ayoob Khan spreads’ like wldfige {n that country, and there are plenty of malcontents ready to rise upon such occgsion, “It ha follows uphis ad- vantage with. quickness and determination, he may strika more tolling blows before re- Inforcements arrive, and set all Afghitilstan and even Northwestern In¢lia in a blaze of ro- volt. There remalus the possible contingency that Abdurrahman himself, who has always been under Russian Influences and ts Russian in his sympathies, may: prove falthlcss, and that Northern Afghanistan njay riso {n re ‘volt agalust Engiish rule. Ifboth North al South should join furees, vo one van yl j / f how soon the Indinn tribes would ealeh tho contagion and British —snpremno in the Enst be seriously threntencd, Wink ever may be the result, it 1s apparent that the Afghan problem, which only 9 few days svenied to be settled, Is now as,far from Bolu. ton as ever. In this distracting muddle Itty Nitto wonder that the Pall Mall Guzctte sasqs “Tho disnster-at Candnhar would bo halt compensated {f It awakes the country to g «tetermination to come out of Afghanistan ‘bag and baggage’; have nothing todo with . Candahar, and as tittle as possible with Ce bul; to abandon that fmposture called ‘soley. tifle frontier,’ aud place ourselves at enritest possible moment Ins position to the monstrous Afghan blunder of our day as vq look back-upon the monstrous Afghan bluy der of a goncration ago.” «This i at Ieast, common-sense view of the situation, u Sir Gronoe Jesse, Brittsh Master of the Rolls, ins recently deolded a copyright en which bears very bard, and, ft scems, unjust, upon an Amoriénn publisher. A conch-building firm in England had beon tn the hnblt of im. parting 100 copica of an Amerloan trade Journgy called tho ZZub,and distributing tho sain among tholr customers, An onterprising Englishman saw tho journal, liked ita plan, and got out ay English monthly of tho same kind. The Ai foans took this' approprintion of thoir idea jg good part, gave the ‘new English paper a com plimontary, and copied from It, with due credit an Mluatrated atticle, Tho English publisher did not reciprocate tho civility, but served no. tlee of infringement of copyright on tho En. allsh agonts of tho Hub. Tho agents recelyed tho issuo tn dispute, but did not distributg t on account of the. objection fed with thom. - When tho. case came on the; made no defense ns to infringoment, but, ay thoy had not distributed tho copies, and werg not guilty of intentlonally trespassing, con. tested ‘tho costs, Tha Judge decided again{ thein, and thoy had to pay avout x’ thousand dollnrs. Sir G. Jesse), after ruling that thor. production hy the American editor, oven ing complimentary way, of copyriaht mutter made that issuo of bis J ournnl contraband in England, ‘used the following remarkable language: “-Peoplo who import American publicnttons for sule or hire carry on the business at thoirowt peril; ordinary. people who import a book to read are not Iluble; but thoso who. Import for ‘solo or hire must know the law. «4. Nov, it docs appuar that the act requires tho acillug.or letting Yor hire of copyright mintter to be done knowingly 1n order to be un offensa, and, there fore; it was necessary to giva notice, ‘Tho*lm. portation was legal and actlonable without notlee, Defendunta revelye thom. for ante of hire, and then thoy keop them for salo or hire, ‘That 1s nnother offense, and thon thoy say, *Thoy nover intended to. interfere with the Malntif’s copyright.” My opinion Js that Tnportation 1s th offense. ay If English pudlishors believe that thoy car hasten the day of international copyright by harsh conduct toward American rivals and in alstenco upon thelr technical rights, thoy ax Vastly mistaken. Ono suoh performance os thi does more to destroy confidence between th publlahers of the two nations than aby Literary Congress can doin the other direction. Unda tho present ruling an American newspuper cone talning o review of an English book, with ex, tracts illustrating tho criticisms, would Le pro hibited in England. ————— ‘ * ‘Tne Maneock “boom? resembles 9 bum blo-bee In ono respeot,—that of being largest when first hatched. In tho first week after bit nominntion thore was consfderable ratilicauon fussand noise, , Gunpowder was burned In large quantitics all over the country, and the Demo cratic papers werp full of dispatches deacribing “onthusinstio meetings.” Sineg tho end of the first week the “ boom " has gradually but stead. ily declined tu forvor and magnitude.’ -'Tho piles of straw have burnt out, and the blaze and heat havo ceased. Reflection bus set in, and men are asking each other in regard to Gen. Hancock's fitness for u proper discharge of tho great duties of tha Presidentint oflice, Business-men who aro Domocrata have digcovered that Han cock is no statesman, and that ho has never studied the political affairs of the Nation, and hag no opinions based on jiformar tlon and reflection on any public mensuro or pollcy, and that ho fg now too oid to learn. The are also perceiving that tho South fe altogether too “solid” for tho good of the country, and many Northern Democrats aronot much pleased with tho means resorted to in Dixic to make things unanimous for Hancock and Stato-me premacy, Nor are thoy very anxious to disturh tho present satisfactory and prosperous business condition of the country by turning over tht Govornmont to tho Brigadtera to. experiment ‘upon and reverse tho National poltotes, - Almost evory nowspaper we open contains announce: ments of Democrats who have coneluded tosnpport Garfiold and the Republican ticket. In the doubtful State of New York this accond sober thought is manifesting. iteelf overy day A lIcpter received at the Republican heat quartera yesterday from’ Fulton, N. Y. an nounces that David Ramade)l; formorly a Demo crat, whu employs 700 operatives, has throws out a Garfleld and Arthur baoner. Angther lm portant roo rult is the Hon, A, B. Lamborton, of Rochestor, who was the Democratic candidate for Congress in tho ‘Chirtioth Diatriot of that State two yenrs ago. Mr. Lamborton was also, on n previous‘ occasion, tho Domovratle now nee for State Senator, Ina reconzly published latter this gontieman ‘suys of Gon. Gurficld: “Tho moro his pharnuter and record are studied into, the more lustrous thoy apycar,"” ° a Mn. TREVELYAN, in the British House of Commons, July 6,rose to movo that “steps should bo tukon to reduce the active lat of Gen corals to tho point at which {2 fe adoguate, andn9 more than pdequato, to tha actual requirements of the servico.” Ife eald taut tho army of Prus- sia and Suxony, comprising Jn time of war 60: 000 mon present with the colors,wus commanded ‘by 160 Generals. The British army ou’ u wor, footing, Including the reserves and the forces in India, comprised but 400,000 men,who were coi manded by 215 Qonuriils, 109 Licutenant-Gener als, and 243 MajorsGencrals, or 63d to gether ‘That { to Kay, the aetive Hat of Generals cou manding the 400,000 of the English urmy war more than foyr, times as great us the Ilstot Prussian. Generals commanding , 00,00 Tho sum ‘paid to Hritlsh Gencrat of cers—excluding Drigadier-Gonerals—of_ &! classes. was £734,600 a yeor, or three and one-bulf times as much aa‘ was pald for commandiug tho much Jarger army of Prussia, ‘The incrodiblo feature of tho British system 1 that of the 8 persons drawing Generals’ pay only, sixty-tbree aro porfurming Goneral’ dutics, Thirty-four Colouela and Ligutenuat: Colouvis have Leon promoted tomporarity to the rave of General because tho regular Gonerult aro not tit forduty, Mr, Lrevolyxn also moved tat no appointinonts shod in future be made to honorary Colonelotes. Theso ard slnccure of ‘ees conferred upon fayorits uf the WarDe pirtinent, and haying considerable salaries at ° tuchod to thom. Tha Contmandas-tu-Chlet draws’ £4,422 a8 salary and £3200 as houorary Colonol of tho Grengdier Guarda; thy Alilltary Scorotary draws £1,600 salary and £1,000.95 honorary Colonel, and tho’ “Adyatgnt-General 42,000 ns salary and £1,000: ns ‘honorary Colonel, Mr, ete duttly sala that thoge abuses would not yo permitted to exist la» any othor departinent of tho, Government, He botloved that, If tho hynorury Cotonelcice were lopped off, sud propor reductioud mado in the enormous staf of Generals, due regard bee pald to tho rights of inontabonts, the Govern Mont would sopn savo tho cost of ubulishing the purchasy-syatom fa tho ariny, © > a = ‘Tne bill to provide for the Britlsh census of 1831 mukes tho Local Government Bourd he centeul authorlty Instead of tho Beerviary of State for the Home Department, The census will bo taka on tho olubt of Sunday, the 8d of April, Sunday is the day selected boca? presumatly 1¢ ig the day on which the greatest snumbor Of porsons will be found at home. All tha rotyrus will bu ‘collvcted, by the euumer atdra fa Monday, und oyrreoted when ef roneov. Propoultions to have tho religious Porecasion, ‘ruto of. wages, and sickness of tho people inquired into and tho Tt. sults tabuluted wore put forward; but It wad stafed in tho Houre of Lords phat: euch addi tional question would cost £6,000 in pay 60 the esUmoratora alone, and the inquirics relating to riigion and wages would be resented by wavy porsans as Juquiaitoriat, be . BeRSONS gre a litte commoner now {0 political almanacs than In stones, or in city pul bite elthor for that watter, Thu Hartford Courant has boon at the pulug to go throug we wlection returns of tho’ Southorn Btatus for the last fow yours, and the reaults yroinsiructlve: ‘Tho vote of South Carolina. (n Wri was 7220 Republicun and 3,880 Democratic, ‘Tue major