Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 19, 1880, Page 4

- THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: FRIDAY, ‘MARCH 19, 1880, he Tribune. THMUMS OF SUNSCRILTION. "HY MAIL—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPATD. Dally edition, ane re 12.00 Parts of 9 year, per mo esnny, thurrany, Ana & Monday, Waimenday, an Saturday or Sunday, 16. Any other dny, per yeni WEEKLY E: One enpy, prt you Siusat Boar Clavor ten, #pectnien sopion aent free. Givo Post-Oftico address In full Inoluding Bato and County, Nomittances may bo mado olther by draft, express, Pust-Ofice ondor, of In rostaterad latter, at our risk, TO CITY SULSCRIRERS, Daily, detivorad, Sunday oxcopiad, Bi conta por weak, Dally, dollvorod, Sunday Included, 0 conts per wook. Addross THY TRIBUNE COMPANY, ‘Corner Bindison anid Denrborn-sts,, Chicago, Ut, nt F POSTAGE, Entered at the Poet-Ofice at Chicago, Il, as Seeond~ Class Sfatter, Forthe boneft of our patrons who deatre to send single coplesof THE TRIBONE through the mall, we give horewith the transiant rate of puatazot Doses ¥labt and Twolve Page I'apor. Siateon Wage Paper. ‘Foreign. . Elabtand Twelve Pago Pape “Bixteon Page Payer " TRIBUNE BRANCIL OFFICES, Tne CntcAgo TRINUNA Ins establiahed branch offices for the recelpt of subscriptions und advartiso- ments as follows: NEW YORK—itoom 2 Tribune Butlding. FT Mo- FADDEN, Manager. GLARGOW, Scotiand—Allnn’s American Nows Agoncy. 81 Ronflold-at, LONDON, Eng—Amorican Exchange, 49 Strand. HENRY ¥, GILLId, Agont. WASHINGTON, D. C.~1919 F atreot. “AMUSEM MoVitker’a Thentre. ” Madison stroct, between Dearborn and Btato, En- gagomentof Lotta. “Tho Little Detective." Maveriy's Thentre. Dearborn street, corner of Monroy, “Tho Galley flave.” Matinee thin afternoun for the Bonefit of tho Irish Holiof Fund, Hooley's 'Thentre. Tandolph street, between Clark and La Balle. En- gagomontof dames A. ern and Katharine Corco- rau. “Henrta of Unk. Ainmiin's Thentre, Clark strect, between Washington and Randolph “Tho Love of Teo Sallors.” NGS. A. F. & A. M.—Rog- ORIENTAL LODGE, NO, . ‘ulur Communication willbe hold ‘thia’ Urrhinyy evans Hla, 12 La Kally-st. Visitors curdiatty y order, WAM, GARDNEI, W. AM. CHARLES CATLIN, Secretary. FRIDAY, MARCH 19, 1880, Norwitustanpina predictions to the con- trary, St. Patrick's Day passed off without the slightest disturbance anywhere, st Tie Greek Ministers wero defeated yes terday by the Opposition, n resolution declar- ing the budget and the polley of the Goyern- ment unsatisfactory having passed by a vote of 99 to 03, ‘Tne German Ministers require 691,933,690 ,marks to earry on the Government during the present fiscal year. Of this sum, 81,670,950 marks are to be contributed by the confed- ‘erated States of tho Empire, GARIDALDTI has broken out once more, He publishes a letter culogizing Hartmann in particular and all political Nihilists gener- “ally. ‘The veteran reyolutionist’s letter must - be plensant-rending for King Humbert, « +. + A hates be t Gnear preparations ‘are being made for tlie evlebration of the 88d birthday of the Gdrman Emperor, Many distinguished per: sous will be present, Including several mem- _ bers of the rather numerous crowd of petty German Princes, ‘ —_—_—_——_———— E Sentovs rots between the Christians and Mussulinans are threatened at Smyrna, aud a British gunboat has been dispatehed to that polnt to preserve the peave, ‘The Euro- pean Consuld are threatened, and thelr re- spective Governments have been called on -for assistance, ALREADY the Intriguants ‘of tha Russian Court are plotting to procure the dlsplace- ment of Gen, Mellitoff, on the’ ground thathe 1s dealing too lenfently with the Nihilists, and beeause of hls purpose to abolish the scandalous system of secret persecution 80 tong prevalent in Russia, Tux unfavorable weather which Ins pre- vailed: for somo. tine throughout Egypt Tenders nccessiry an.extensive resowing of cotton, and the crop for this year will be rather late, if not below tho average, ‘The Southorn planters will doubtless be greatly benefited by the elreumstance, ems Tue Jesuits are reported to have con- cludgd that the French Ministry will enforce the laws rigalnst religious orders, and alrendy instructions have been given by the Superior of tho Order to nll menibers who are not of French birth to leave the country, Spain and Belgium are the places where thoy will seuk refuge. _—————— ‘Tie candidates chosen so fir by the De mocraey for Aldermen are as bad ns they can well be. “This {a especially the ense in the Sixth, Elghth, Fifteenth, and Seventeenth Wards, and it behooves the decent people of theso districts to orgunize to prevent tho election of the isreputable and dangerous partles who have been thus nominated, —_—————— ‘THE ncn employed on the cont trains of the Cumberland & Pennsylvania Rallroal have struck for an increase uf 20 per cent on the present rate of. wages. ‘The strike will throw some #,000 infners In the eval reglon outoft employment, and will materially ut fect the price of coal, us the road In ques- ton is the only outlet for ono of tho most important coal regions of Pennaylyanta, ees TuE appropriations already made by tho Clty Caunell are 852,085 abeve the 2 per cent Mint, and $644,114 over tho amount recom mended by the Finance Committee, ‘Chis ex- cuss {3 made up prinelpally of additions to the schoo}, pollee, and public-works appropria- tions, and, as the Aldermen must reduce the estimates already made, it might bo well worth thelr while to ascertain whether these dupartments could not be more economjcally conducted, *. Mu. Reagan, Chairman of the Committes of Commerce, at the request of Congressmun Davis, has consented to appoint a gub, committes to Inqulre Into all matters relat. ing to the IMuols & Michiguu Canal project. ‘The Ottawa Convention will doubtless gee that the Sub-Committee when nppotuted will De fully informed as to the facts in.the couse, At ought to be au easy matter to convince the Sub-Committee of tho destrabllity and wis- dom of carrylng out the proposed hmprove- ment, | AYVTEN 8 protracted wrangle, In the course of which eousiderable All-fevling was maul- tested, thediingls Democratie State Central Conunittes yesterday decided upon holding one State Convention, on the 10th of June, ot Springileld, for tho selection of delegates to . ination of candidates for Stato, offices pnd Vresidential * Electors, ‘This result was the Clneinnati Convention and for the uum-' tenched bya close vote, a strong minority favoring two Conventions, and tholr desires were only thwarted upon the suagestion of a gentleman from Conk that the Democrats in this section of tho Stato had not the cheek to ask for ratlrond passes for two sets of dele- gates from this county, ench numbering ulnety-eight. ee Tre Rhode [slant Republicans yerterday nominated Alfred HH. Littletleld for Gov- ernor and Ienry 1. Fay for Liettenant- Governor, Tho other officors nominated aro thoso who hold the positions at present. Gov. Van Zandt refused to be 9 candidate, The delegates chosen to the Chicago Conven- -ton are John P, Sanborn, Charles IL, Handy, ‘Thomas W. Chace, David 8, Aldrich, Isaac M. Potter, A. K, Goodwin, Willan A. Pleree, and Horace Jenckes. The delegation Is sald to bo unanimous for Senator Blaine, Tuk decisive vote of 26 to 6 by which tho Pennsylvanian Democratic State Contral Com- mittee chose Harrisburg ns the location of the State Convention, the fixing of Aprilsgas tho date, and the Indorgement of the antl ‘Tilden-Randall delegation from. Vhiladel- phin, forins chain of circumstances regarded as an indication that the ‘Tilden boom in Ponnsytvaule is ina very weak aud tnprom- {sing condition, ‘The Tiden-Handall combl- nation wore beaten at every polnt, and the in- dications are that the big vote of the Pennsy!- yanta Convention will nelther be cast for nor controlled by Tilden. 1 ———EEEEE Tuk Honse Committes on [ules yesterday reported an amendment which, If adupted, will be of yery great importance. Under It aimajority of the members can control the action of the House, and the Speaker nnd the committees appointed by him will be de- 4 prived of much of thelr power for miselilet. Measures Introduced, instead of being sent to the committees, may, by the concurrence of the majority, be discussed and adopted without reference.- The adoption of the amendment will go far ‘towards nullifying the evil purposes of Mr. Randall in the com- position of tho Ways and Means Conuittee, ———— ‘Tire Congressionat Committee on the Re- yision of the Laws has agreed to report fa- vorably on Gen. Singleton’s bill, which de clares that telegraph messnges are private papers of senders and receivers, and pro- vides for their being protected from search and from being used as evidence In judlelal or legislative proceedings to tha same oxtent as letters, The bill ts no doubt 9 very proper one, forthe secrecy of telegrans ought to be ng invlolate as private correspondence, but It is probable thatthe damaging revelations of Tilden’s elpher-dispatches had most to do Jn obtaining a favorable report on tho DIN, -* Tse Southern statesinen have not {m- proved the moral atmosphere of Washing- ton, What with tho Ackten eptsode, the Morgan-Horton scandal, the Raymond-litt ease, the sprees of Buverly Douglas, and minnerons other affalrs of the sane kind, they havé kept the seandal-mongers of the Capital quite busy for sume thne past, Tho appear- anee of Miss Raymond and Miss Horton In the Senate Chamber yesterday must haye been rather annoying to Senators IM! and Morgan. ‘The American people are by 10 jmenns edified, nor Is any honor conferred on them, by the frequent reourrenes of these disgraceful episodes, Loup Wartinaron fs so serlousty tndis- posed as to preclude the possibility of lds proseeuting -ns:yvigorous’ a canvass as tho “Libétal leaders think destrable. Lt is quite possible, however, notwithstanding the opin- jon of tho enblo man, that tha party will lose nothing by the Indispositlon, as Mr. Gind- stono aud Mr, Bright will be obliged to aasuine a large responsibility, and will give the Liberal side a certain degree of In- dividuality exceedingly popular with the English masses, and which hrs been emus: culated by the leadership of Lord Harting- ton. The Liberal party has a goodly supply of capital speakers and veteran campaigners. ‘The helr of the House of Devonshire will not bo greatly missed. , Tue political tsaues of the oxtra session have been fully revived In the House In con- nection with the appropriation for the pay of United States Marsnals and the Deputtes appoluted to enforco the Election laws, and the Sonate will take up the question so soon as the Deficiency bill shall have reached that body. The deternination of the Democrats to nullify the laws for protecting tho ballut- box nalust frauds is manifest in the devices resorted to for the purpose of rendering the existing system wnuvalloble for that object, in their raga at the recent decision of the Supreme Court affirming the cunstitutlonality of the Election Inws the Democrats are enr- ried to the pulnt of denouncing that tribunal In speeches on tho fluor of Congress as 2 ‘packed and partisan Court,’ whose decls- fons are “ unworthy of consideration.” ‘Tho biundera of the extra session havo taught them nothing, and thoy continue to be fierce for freo frauds and unrestricted Inthulda- ton abd bulldozing. . ee ‘Te Ship-Canal Convention at * Ottawa yesterday was a very large and representa- Uve gathering. About 600 delegates were present Crom all parts of the State, but prin- eljpally from the caunl and lower river dis- tricts, My. Wentworth’s. proposition that the State should bill the canal was not re- celved with much favor; on the contrary, the almost unanimous sentiment was in favor of tho Federal Government undertak- ing the canal enlirgement as 9 Natlonal work of vast Iniportance to the Northwestern States, Gov. Cullom favored the Improye- ment of the canal by the Government, and made mn very strong speech in favor of the scheme as an economies and sanitary necessity, and as ono of grent commercial importance, ‘Tho other speakers took the same view, ‘Lhe action of the Convention not betng generally satisfac tory, alarge mass-meeting wag held In the avening, whereat were passed resolutions comuiltting the work of construction te the Federal Government, and a conmittes was appolnted to urge upon the Illnols delega- ton tn Congress tho necessity and importance of moving in tho matter forthwith, en ‘Tux Committee of Inquiry into tho acts of Qoy. Gareelon and the Maine State Council find that tho most disgraceful schemes were resorted to by the Fuslonists to obtain con- trol of the Stato Government and the State Leglalature. Forgery, erasures, perjury, and fraud were employed for that purpose. ‘The, Republicans were denicd any opportunity to explain or correct returna, While the Fusion- Ists were granted every privilege, Asnecon- sequence, all changys made were' In the in- terest of the latter, : ‘I'he Committee Intimate that one of the objects sought to be accom. plished was to cover up the nilsappropriation snd misapplication of the State funds, which wera upped to unauthorized pur- poses and. for unlawful .ends, ‘he Committvo further charge that.a large sum of money which rightfully be longs to the State remains In the hands of Gov. Gurcelon and other State officials of last year, ‘The report places tho Fusfonlsts inu very sorry position, and shows to what desperate, disreputable, and rascally meas ureg the Democratic purty will have recourse toserve Its purposes, Bulldozing and terror- iam are tho weapons of the Southern wing of the party, while fraud, and treachery, and ehiennery are the weapons attempted to be used by the Northorn doughfaces, If It Is possible or fensibte, Gov. Gareclon and tls Council should bo foreed to disgorge the State funds held by them Megally, ant they should have thelr neté submitted to the strictest seruliny in tha erlminal courts. of Maine. ‘Tin temptation to steaba State for tho pos- siblo Presidential election in tho House noxt winter hing proved too strong to bo re- aisted by the Democrats, and the Committeo on Elections, after Jong delny and frequent consultations with party leaders ons to whether {ft was safe to attempt so flagrant a robbery of the peoplo’s franchise, hag finally mustered up tho courage to adoptn report recommend: ing the unseating of Washburn, who was elected by a majority of 8,019, and the senting of Donnelly, the Democratic-Fiatist. candidate who fell 3,013 votes short of an election. No surprise will be excited at this extraordinary act of robbery; it hus been too Jong evident that Its porpetration had been fully determined upon, aud that the Demo- erdtic amajority of the Elections Com- mittee wero only. walting to devise plausiblo pretexts for their action and to so manage thelr mathematical cal- culations as to overcome Washburn's heavy majority and give the seat to Don- nelly, But thore is. a reckoning {n store that -wilLastonish tha shamdiess scoundrels who have planned tho tifamy and tho party that shallearry IU into effect. Popular Indigna- tion and retaliation will have tholr day In due tine. : THE COMMUNISM OF AN INCOME TAX. Tho principte most essential In any form of taxation Is the uniformity as to the class of property taxed and the rate of tax imposed, ‘Taxes are yoluntary or Involuntary. Velun- tury taxation is that which tho citizen may pay oravold,as he maychoose,—such as a tax in the form of a feo for license to prosecute particular calling or branch of trade, ors tux on spirits, tobacco, or other ar- ticles which Ie can ayoll using, In- voluntary taxes are those which sre iinposed arbitrarily on property. Vol- untary taxes ure direct or Indirect, according to cireumstanees; suyoluntary taxes are generally direct, A tax on all real and personal property ig a direct tax, fullow- ing the property, acting as a Hen on It, and, te be Just, should be equal according to tha sov- oral classes of property, and uniform as to rate, How imperfectly this fundamental requisit of just taxation is observed In all our systems of taxation, is known to every ones the theory Is infloxibly asserted in all revenue laws, but the inequality of the taxa- Uon practleally enforced Is a8 notorious as it issenndalous, =~ A tax on incomes Is represented to ba that mode of taxntion whleh is best adapted to preserve and maintain the most certain Justice and equality; each person paying pro- portionately aid exactly according to his re- eeipts, ‘This theory Is, however, utterly un- supported by practice, and among tho reasons aire the {mpossIbIlity of enforcing the ulscoy- ery of the income, or collecting it when dis- covered, ‘To execute the law with even ordinary success would involve an expendi- ture equal to the revenue, If would in Its research compel every man and woman earn- ing any sum whatever. to make a return ag formal and as particular In cases where the Incomo Is ten dollars as In cases" where It is halfa million, ‘This Impossibility ofonforcing an income tax, whose sole rec- ommendation Is {ts theoretle equality, has compelled governments elther, to abandon that furm of tax, or to stultify the thoory of equality by the adoption of 2 scale of exemp- ifons, and even of graduated rates of taxn- tlon, In recent nuinbor of tho North slmertcan Review Mr, David A, Wells pub- {shed s paper, Mlustrating with his ae- eustomed clearness the communism of 8 diserkintnating, Income tax, and no one can read the paper without being forced to the conclusion that no form of tax can bemore unjust and more sweepingly destructive of all the principles of equality than an Income tax where thore ara ex- enptions and where the rates of tax aregrad- uated according to the amount of the Income, It ls correctly stated by Mr. Wells that any form of Incoine tax which exempts any sun from taxation is of necessity s graduated tax, Whenover a Government taxes the Income of property. lt really taxes the property from which the income Is derived. In European States Innd Is taxed on its annual revenue and valuc, and these taxes are called land taxes. Asstiming 4 per cant to bo thoaveraga profit of money mul other property over and above all charges and taxes, $3,000 will bo the an- nun! income value of $50,000, ‘I'o exempt In- comes to tho sim of $2,000 will be to exempt $50,000 of property from taxation. Ifa person own only $50,000 of property, and [a exempt fromatax on an income of $2,000, and the tax on an Income Is 6 percont, then the owner of that much property paysno tax. If he own $60,000 of Nike property, and pay the tax on anincome over $2,000, he will pay only 13¢ per cont on the entire Incomp; if ho own $100,000 of property, he will pay on Its in- come 234 per cont; and If he own $250,000, he will pay on ity Income 4iper cent,—tho tax. thus being graduated In rate, which, though continually approximating, cau never renoli a rate of 5. per cunt; tho raw never belug uniform, thongh the law agstmes 5 per cent'to be always the same, Tn 1843 tho first {ncome-tax law was enncted inthis country; thiy act exempted $000 {n- come from each person, together with yghoat was pald for rent and repairs, Five por Tent was levied on all incomes aver $600 and not over $6,000; 7 per cent on Sncomes over $5,000 and' not over $10,000; and 10 pur cent on all Incomes over 810,000, Ths Inw united the policy of exempting Incomes to a curtain amount and of Increasing the rate on larger lycomes, Subsequently the oxemp- tlon was fnorensed to $1,000, and again to $3,000, The number of persons who pald the tax in 1668, when tha exemption was $1,000, was 289,983; and when the exemption was raised to $2,000, tho number of taxable per- gona was at first 116,000, and later was re- duced to 71,000, ‘The population was then 40,000,000, ‘This experience showed that an oxemption: of $2,000 of incomu granted to ench initl- vidual owner of property exempted more than atne-tenths of the entire property of the country, and more than ninoty-nlue hun dredthsof the property-owners from the tax; and this was tho outcome of a system which Is espectally commended on the theory of its equality and unlformity of exaction, Mr, Wells properly characterizes such taxation as“ uum asked confiscation, and o burlesque on taxation.” der this form of taxation, No man is a free man the fruits of whose Industry and capital Gre subject to such an overburden, and from which his competitors are entirely exempt. M. Thiers, in his “Rights of Proporty,” wrote; “Proportionality Is a principle, but Progresaton !sahatofuldespotigm,-, . . ‘To oxact a tenth from one, a fifth from another, and a third from anotbar, fs puro despotism, —itls robbery.” ‘To propose to levy a tax of 5 per cent on all incomes below $3,000 In amount, and to exemptall lucomes above that sum, would make the unequal and diserithi- nuting character of the exemption apparent; There can bo no equality un-- and yet an hicome tax oxempting all incomes below $3,000 fs equally unjust and disorim- Inating, | Mr. Wells pointe out that any exemption for n private purpose and taxation for private purposes aliko,violnte the righta of property and of equal competition, Exemptions of objects of public charity are defensible, be- cause It fa an unnecessary clrenity to collect 0 tax and thort'pay the moncy back to the ben- eficlary. Buta man having an Income of 2,000 cannot dint an exemption na If he wore n public pauper, Taxes enn only be Imposed for‘ public purposes, ‘To tax tho proporty of A and oxemptthat of B is to add to the valuu of the one property and take from that of the othor, An exemption of any property, or Income of the same competing class of property made subject to taxation, Is a forin of charity or donation to the favored person Who recelyes tho advatitages of ox- emption, Some of thd results of this discrimination are shown In tho returns of tho Inst income tnx in this country, ‘Thus, in 1869, seven States—Massnehusetis, New York, New Jer- sey, Pennsylvania, Olilo, Inols, and Call- fornin—posseased 40 per cent of tho assessed -proporty of the United States, and also about 40 per cout of the population, Under the dlseriminattons of tho Income-Tax law these game States pal 76 percent of tho entire Income tax collected, ‘Tho States which had 60 por cent of the wealth and population of the country paid only 25 per cent of ‘the Incoma tax, Anothor iNustration given by Mr. Wells is that of two farms, each ylelding an Income of $2,000, and under an exemptlon of $2,000; owned by two persons, the farms would be {reo of tax; If owned by the same person, they would pay a tax of 234 por cent. In England the exemption from income tax is $750; but in that country, considering that the property is concentrated in few hands, the exeinption is of much less conse- quence than f¢ would be in this country, In France, whero the propristary interests are small, oven a small exemption would release n largo proportion of the land-owners. It 's estimated that an exemption of $500 would release 7% to 80 per cent of the Incomes of France. An incoma tax with exemptions would be equally out of-place in thls coun- try, and wholly repulsive to every principle of taxation not founded on tho system of Communfsin, ‘That such a system can never bo ns necessity, much leas politic, In this country, fs thus shown by Mr. Wells. He anys? Any. ({iidisious system of taxation in any coun- try will bave roference to its witural products, ita oxtont of territory, {ts contiguity to coinpot- ing nations, tho density or spursengss of ita pup- ulition, the habita of the people, and the com- arative equality of thoir fortunes. ‘The United ites can convontently, economically, and uni- formly collcet Its revenucs from a few domestic urtleles, like whisky aud tobacco, manufavturcd in hirge amounta tit one place by one person or firm: and on imports, like sugars, tea, and cof feo, introtuced Into the country to a great exe tent in large vessols and fn urge quantities aba few ports, With the linitation of our rovenuos to such fow sources, economy of nasessmont and colfcetion will by Insured, unnegessary Inquisi- tlon and loss of tne—a funn of unproductive taxution—will be avotded, nad only u compara tively fow persons will fccl tho direot hund of tha tax-guthorer, white all will cheerfully pay taxes in regulated prices on their expense and consumption, where, by the operation of natural luwa, all taxation must finally rest. THE RUSSO-CHINESE QUARREL, The forelgn dispatches of tho past fow days Indicate the probability of an open rupture between Russia and China, the fm- medinte cause being tho fmpossibility of coming to an agreement relative to the status of Kuldja, It will be remembered that this rich Province orginally belonged to China, but in the course of successive rebelilons managed to achleve a sort of semi-independ- ence, In which it was alded by Its grent dis- tance from the seat of power Jn the Empire. It remained in this condition until Russia In her'progress eastward absorbed It, a3 well as other Khunates. The Chinese have always regarded its oecupation by the Russlans as an unfriendly act, and during the past year or two have concentrated # large army, under their most warlike lender, near its borders, Before making.an effort to reeon- quer It by force, the Government entered upon negotiations with Russia for ita pur- ehase, tho latter Power consenting to this scheme rathor than embroil herscl? in 9 difficulty with England, which woul be likely to follow a «declaration of war against China. ‘The negotiations on the partof China were conducted by Chung How, who weut to St, Petersburg for that purpose, Els proposition tu pay 5,000,000 tals (a tael Is equal to $1.50) for the Prov- Ince was accepted by Russian, but now that the treaty js ready for ratitication’ the Chi- nese Goverment positively refuses to slg, for threo reasons: First, that Chung How has marked out boundary lines that are fn favor of Russia; second, that the Indemnity Ig too Inrge; and, third, that Chung Mow has been Intluenced by Russian monoy, for which Incldontally he has been sentenced to death by tho Pekin authorities, As Russta is equally obstinate in demanding tho ratifica- tion of the trenty, and Js also determined that Chung How shall’ not be puntshed with- out severe retaliation, the prospects for a collision aro imminent. As not nuiny of our readers are Nkely to know much about the Province of Kuldja, ve append this description thercof; The situation of the district itself, as a com- modions gutoway shrough tho grout mountain wall separating Husstin Turkestan from Ching, favors Ruasin’s long-inedituted scheme of roviy= ing tho Chinese caravan trade vie Tehugutebak, Norare tho intrinelo resources of the country to be despised. It nlready possesses a considure able trady, whieh hus greatly’ inerensed since the usslun occupation, the chter exports being ten and fine cloths, and tho chief importa cnlica, hardwaro, and cotton youds. Tho climate ts tale erably healthy for Europeans, and decidediy fuvoruble to agriculture; whily the population: Of tho Traviney, numbering appward of 10,000 souls, ts for tho moat part quidtand industrious, Pow Hint tho Hlerce Musgulinun vlement hug been weeded out, Of tha straterio value of the Kuldja atstrict, ong glance af theyaup will boa sulgiont doi onstration, ‘Touching the Siberian frontier on ong side and that uf Central Asin on the other, it forma the sume kind of sullunt andy in the milltury map of Asia ws Switzerland tn that of Europe. Its possession gives the full command of the bordor passes, thugs enabling tho bolder vithor to invade Western Ching at will or to ru= tire intoa uatural fortress strony enuuyh to Withstand any nsxault. Such a power will be no alight ald to fho furthor annexationa which Rus- ala undoubtedly meditut From this statement tig value of Russia's gateway is apparent, and aecounts for her clinging so persistently to, the disputed terri tory of Kuldja, Asa contemporary remarks: “Phe appropriation, sooner or Inter, of Corea In the enst, and Tchugutchak in the west of China, ls virtually a foregone cou- eluston; and thus Defoo’a prophetlo words tiv 1710, that, ‘had the Czanof Muscovy fallon upon unwarlike China, instead of warlike Sweden, he would have achieved mighty conquests,’ are belng fulfilled In a way of which Defoo himself never dreamed,” ————— Tux Southern YPuacltic Rallroad, which crogsed the Gila River at Fort Yums sbout the ist of July, 1878, thus ‘entering Arizona from California, reached ‘Tucson, the Capital of Arizona, on Murch 17, the trains passing through that clty, Tucson-will be the seat of business and of population of Suuthorn Arizona for many yeurs to come, and this opening of the country by, railroad trans- portation will develop that regton very rap- idly, From ‘Tucson the roail will be pushed on rapidly to El Paso, on the Rlo Grande, whore tt will have connection with the Atchlson, Topeky & Santa Fé Railroad to the north, and also with the Mexican extension of that road to Guyamas. That part of Mexico thus penetrated by this railway will have a direct communication with San Franelseo to tho weat, with C cago to tho north and enst, and with the Lower Mississtppt country by tho eastern extonsion of the Southorn Pacitie Road. White Tom Scott's ‘Texas Pacific Rowl has been susponded walting tor a Congressional subsidy, the Southorn Pacific has been bullt south from San Franciaco to the lo Grandoe at El Paso, and, from all appearanee, will have to build enst through ‘Texas to the Mls slssippt Valley. o —_= THE OINOINNATI RAILROAD FESTIVAL. Cinclunatl yesterday had a day of well- enrped rojoteing. For twenty years, and per- haps longer, Cineiniatl has looked forward to the tine when sha wold havea railroad connection with the Southern States. ‘The Ohlo River had long since ceased to bo an adequate avenue of commerce, Chicago with her railroads to New Orleans and Mo- bile, and Louisville with her rallroads to Nashvillg sud Memphis, wero intercepting tho trade which once founds route by the Ohlo River. A rallrond traversing tho States of Kentucky and Tennessee, and connecting at Chattanooga with the system of railways of tho South Atlantic States, and down to Florida and the Gulf, was necessary In order to redeem Clncinnati from the misfortune of boing ottsido of all the'great rotites of travel and of trade, ‘There were five or six States with immense produets to sell, and standing in noed of as immense’ products In exchange, with Cincinnati In near proximity as to dis- tance, butas remote as St. Paul in the way ofcommuntieation. The road, therefore, be- came an adinitted necessity, but how to ob- tatn tt, how to build it, and how to pay for it were questions not readily answered, At last, and aftor a serlous struggle, Cine cinnat! grappled with the dimeulty,. Ten millions of dollars were estimated ns nec- essary, but there were legal dificulties ns embarrassing ag the financial ones, Could Cineinnat! fucur a bonded debt to build a railroad exclusively beyond her own State Mimits, and exclusively within the territory of tho States of Kentucky and Tennesseo? ‘Was tho city authorized by the Constitution of Ohie to contract such a debt under such clroumstances for such % purpose, even for the salvation of the city’s: com- merce In tho present and in the future? Whether the doctrine that imperious necessity overcomes all diM™culties, and the preservation of what wns left of the elty ro- quired this somewhat extraordinary expendi- ture of money tn other States, the State Con- stitution was eventually construed as sane tioning the work. A popular vote author- ized the issue of the ten millions of. city bonds, and the road was begun. Unusttal diftcnities attended the construe tion, and the cost grew immensely beyond the original estimates, ‘Tho route of ‘the rond was alniost dus south; all the rjvers, creeks, and ravines, a well as all the mountains and hills, run to the enst and to the west, cutting the road at right angles, ‘I'he rond had to be bridged or tunneled; there was a succession of deep cuttings and fillings, or miles upon miles of trestle-work., ‘The superstructurd was either on bridges or trestles of fron- work or mtasonry, or it was through deep ets and oxeayations or through tunnels, ‘he $10,000,000 which Cinelnnati had so bravely wvoted was soon exhausted, and tho Jong-hoped-for connection was still afar off. Clnelnnatl, however, did not fulter, Addifional iillions werd ‘voted, and when these were spent other millions were voted, until at Inst, in the year 1880, ufter ex- pendlug we belleve noarly If not quite $25,- 000,000, Cincinnati yesterday put on her best clothes, got out all her muse, her torches, her catelun Nghts, her electric lamps, her rockets, her firecrackers, and her ennnon, rung all herbells, marshaled all her officials, and with thesa welcomed the two thousand and more guests from the Carolinas, Qeorgla, Alabama, Florida, Lennessee, and Kentucky, and gave them such an entertainment as Cincinnatt can glye when her whole heart 1a in the giving, Allhonor and congratulations to Cincin- natl Wer courage and perseverance are worthy of all the glory toy receive, They spenk volumes for the courage, oncrgy, and enterprise which has bullt this road: stralght through 800 miles frum the Ohlo to the mountains of Georgin and Alabama, and las placed Cincinnat! In as direct and ensy necess to Charleston and Savannah as she fs to St. Louls or Chicngo. May Cincinnati reap all tha profit which hor enterprise so richly merits! She lings courngeously perse- yered under most dopressing diflcuities to final trimph, and it is hardly doubtiul that tho carrylug of that enterprise, pluck, and commerelal ability will infuse a new spirit through the South, and that fn this work Cinefnnatl will be extending a blessing. to those people as well as reaping a well-earned reward for herself, PALMER'S PRESIDENTIAL BOOM. Ex-Gov. Palmer hna made his speech and formally accepted’ the Presitlentfal nomina- lion, which a féw of hls nelglbors in San- gunon County havo tendered him subject to the approval of tho Nutional Democratic Con- vention, He betrayed the extent of his hopes In tho following sentence: “It the Conyen- tion shall so direct, you will, with your own hands, not erage, but write over my name, the name of the standard-bearer chosen by the nssembled Demoerncy, whether It fs that of the vonerabla Seymour, of Tilden, of Morrlson, of Bayard, of Thurman, of Hon- drlcks, of Hancock, or any other of. the putrlotlo statesmen,” ete, Chis would scom to indleate that Mr, Palmer’s ehlef ambition is to run for Vice-President on tho ticket with anybody the party may select for tho first place,—excopt perhaps BMcClernand, ‘whom he omitted to mention, Haying thus placed himself In the hands of hia friends, ex-Gov, Palmer made a desper- ate but consplouously unsuccessful effort to explain away tha singular contradiction of his present devotion to State-soverelgnty and his willingness to fight for the maintenance of Nationnt-soverelgnty, Io arralgned tho Republican party as proposing the “abroga- tlon of all independent Stato authority,” He referred to the presunt National Gavern- ment as “the Central Government.” IIo de- nounced the employment of Supervisors and Deputy-Mnrshals for the unforeemont of the Election law, He spoko of the States as “Governments limited in thelr territorial authority but supreme In tholr sphore.”” Ile anys Democrats “yenerate the Union,” but “thoy love thelr State as they love thelr homes and their firesides”; that ia Just such an expression as many a Rebol used In 180t to defend Ils jolning and fighting for the Confederacy at the command of his State, Te dented that * tho Civil War and ita results altered and changed the Constitution,” tho amendments to the- contrary notwlthstand- Ing. _He would prevent the oxecution of the Natfonnl Inws adopted for the pur- pose of protecting the rights of citizens which the constitutional amendments forbid the States to abridge, Me would permit Vir- winia to exclude negroes from jurles, South Carolina to swindle negroes of thelr yotes by tissue ballots, and Bilsslesipp! and Loutslana to kill and terrify negroes to prevent them from voting, and he would have the Natlonal Government hold aloof while the constitu. tionat amendments and the Jaws passed In conformance thereto are yiolated and defied, Yet Mr. Palmer refers with-yride to bis having fought to maintain the Unton, and hithmates his willlngness to do so again, It Palmer supports, which tho fidepbitence and supromacy he clatms for the States may break In practleo by defying His awa, though not In thoory by format secession, Mr. Pahnor'’s mind fs so confused on this subject that it is no wonder he falls to make a clear exposition of his own contratlictions, = * For ‘tho rest, Mr. Palmer's speech con- alsted In tho maln of abuse of possible Re- publican cnudidates, whieh ho distributed very Impartially among thom except as to rant, who became a apeoinl target; Indead, Mr. Palmer virtually assumed that Grant will be the Republican nomlnee, and demon- strated how fluent and fertile Democratic at- tack will bo upon the third-term offort and the errors of Grant's second Administration, Mr. Palmor very wisely avoided all referenco to the irreconcilable differences between his own views and those of the grent bulk of the Domoerats In tho Wost on the subject of finance, Hv evidently feels that an oxplana- tion on this polnt would be moro hopeless than the harmonizing of Stato supremacy and National sovereignty, Beforo disiniss- ing Mr. Palmer's “boom,” It ls worth noting that whilo ho'was making his speech Gon. McClernand was orgautzing a club in tho game county to promote the nomination of “trted, true, capable, and available Demo- crats,” and that the firat two adjectives wore evidently designed to dlserhininnte against Gov. Palmer, Such fs tha brotherly love of the Egyptian Democrats, Ir adds to tho chances of a war between Russia and China that tho latter thinks itself prepared for it, and rather courts than de- olines the struggle. It appreciates the great disadvantages Russia will be at on account of enormous distances and the difiaulty of eartyingon campaigns at tho eastern extrem- Ity of her Asiatic empire, A warllke spirit svems to have selzed upon the people of the Chinese Empire, and they are said to be olumorous for the couilict; but this may be an exnggeration. Russia has long been pressing upon them on the north and the east, and now threatens them on the west, and thoy undoubtedly fecl that If thoy do not now res{st her advance lt may soon ba too Inte, They ‘not only have o large arniy already organized In.the western part of the Empire, but, if. reports aro true, the troops have been drilled and armed in European stylo ‘A dispatch from Shanghai says: Tho greon-banner army ja being carefully triined Inthe principles of Kuropcan tactles. Tholr spours and matehlocks are being roplaced by rites, ‘The bumboo linees of tho cavalry are giving place to tho orthodox snbres of British troopers, Tho Governors-Gencral of tho olghteen provinces of the Emptre huve been charged with special military commissions, and new powers aro vonferred on tho mombers of thoir staff, A Kener! inspection hos been oriered by ‘the ir Mintater, the accounts of the War Dupnrt- inent overhuuiod, and tho const defenses strongthoned, A mimber of foreign drill-mns- ters have been brought to'Tiontsou, which Is the principul garrison-town of the Empire. Prep- arations are being xiready made for enlling out tho regulur volunteers, who are only mustered In tho gravest erlsos of tho Btate. If this be true, a bloody contest may be fooked for, and some new alllances which muke ft impossible to foretell the result, China and Japan haye for s year past beon ‘on the eve of war over tho possession of the Loo Choo Islands, and it will be remem- bered Gen. Grant, necting ns mediator, suc- eecded in preventing 0 collision, Since his departure Russia has been busy stirring ip the warlike spirit In Japan until she is now ready for an attack upon China, while behind China stands England, ready to support her in casa Russi interferes In the struggle. As between Ching and Japan alone, the Intter would. be soon overpuwered., Unsupported, she would stand no more chance of success than would Canada in an attack upon this country, But In case of war between the two, and Russia should seize the opportunity tostrike at China, the English factor in the compilention would have to be considered, Back of all this {3 the enormous strength of the Chinese Emplre in fighting material, It ean turn out, If necessary, an army equiva- lent to the fighting strength of nll Europo, It fina three hundred miliions-of people, who through centuries of rellglous belief have been trained to look upon death with contempt, ‘They may not bo as skillful ag Europyan troops, especially with now weapons in thelr hands, but they will fight desperately, and though they may be slaugh- tered by thousands, thousands more will step into thelr places, Like tho Molhammedans, thoy believe that death admits them at once Into a sphere of everlasting happiness, Their nitunbers are so immense that -they ean stand the loss of thousands caster than tho Euro- pean States ean lose hundreds, nnd’ they ean subsist where European soldiers would starve. ‘They might be eventually overpow- ered by the superior sill of Russta, but with Improved’ weapons. they will make s more desperate struggle than they have ever made before, whilelé they shoutd have the support of England no ono can foresee the result of the uighty contlict, which woutd Involve alt Asin. : ‘Tire Committees on Roads and Canals of tho House of Representatives lins reported a seemingly innocontlooking bil, but one which evidently means mora thon Is ex- pressed on Its face, - The bill 3 one proposed by Mr, Upson, of Texas, and authorizes the Sceretary of War to contract with the San Antonlo & Mexiean Border Railway Com- pany for the tmmedinte construction of 0 railroad from San Antonio to the Rio Granda at Laredo, ‘The “contract”? which tho Scere tary.af War Is to make with the Company Is thatthe United States Is to Issue Natlonal bonds or hilorss the Company's bonds, at the rate of $12,000 a mile, for tho whole dis: tance of the rond, The theory of the Job is that the road 1g & imllitary necessity for which this Company {s willing to build the rond at the Govermment cost. ‘The $12,000 4 illo subsidy is more thon sufficient to build and equip the rond, and, if it be smnilitary necessity, whore is tha necussity for the Company? ‘This in nowlse is different from any of the other bold, impudent, and scon- dalous frauds attempted on tho Treasury by these subsidy bills. ‘Chore tg a steul hidden in overy one of thom, ee! Braa and blustor usually cover a wenk causo In politics, and Simon Camcron'a son Don knows tho valucof thon, When ho talks ina Joud, confldont way about nominating Gen, Grant by acclamation at Chicago, timid poll+ tloland, who have no prinolplo excopt thut of gotting on tbo winning side, feol Nko rushing over to his aldo nt onow. But Cameron protonds to bo more confident than ho {4 It is part of hie stook jn trado asa statesman to bo oracular and positive. He was so when ho came to Cin- olunati with John F, Iurtrantt, aman of straw, aa hig candidate. flu wus so again before the meeting of the State Convention ut Narrisburg, when, acoording to his roporte, kindly furnished to the uewspupers, tho task of choosing Grant delogates promised to be the easiest in the world, But Cameron at Cinoinnat! was nothing excepts trading politician with somothing to sell; oud at Horrlsvurg be saved bis scalp only by tho mout desperate efforts, That part of tho country which isn't owned by Camvron will not be moved by his entreaties or his threats. _—_—— Tire state of feeling that, exists on the Pa- elo Coust ayulust the Chinese is rottectod in tho provisions of, # bill now before tho Callfornia Legislature, to collect 4 heavy poll-tax from all the Celesttals found in any white man's employ, Tho provisions of the bill ara thus deacribods "Thu tax fv to bo not loss than $1 nor more thao $10.a month,—nearly: foough to furnish an avor~ age Chinumun a iyolihnvod, It ta to be colluotod: froin those who cmploy the Mongoliuns, mud ty to bo a drawback on tho waxes puld thou, or i may be exucted uf those who runt preinises 10 thom, aud the tax fs to be w en on the a property u 1o yuasusn back to Chinn of those who nee na th Iss sentimental but impotent Unlou that Mfr, 2 reture, aud the thor portion to eacouruye whlle Immigration. ‘Tho bit evi rani: realstanig 16, te onterceme ney oe ee gmplata hue tho Leyistatare anil how he uote, ori eit, gv drt TERY to ore " ns THEM fore 1H, men! to Mal In. the collection uf? is furthor provided that nus y ahnil havo authority toquention tha eenaee Court Milly of tho tax, and any Judge who unten to rondor a dcolaion ngatnat (eal (eycetakes imprisoumont and deprivation of onlce Uaele to eee co, ee Tne “society” paper of New y, Home Journal, hus ont olf sume teongruits, spelling. Vor oxaniple, tt ins, disenrdiat phy substituted J, a4 do ail the Tmty raves ey tho French," Tthas also dropned the aupounee? te, ue, atid me th such words us quartette, eee Koauto, programm, Ag m consoauoucs;'a Nee York lotter ton Rt, Louls paper gays: YO" ‘The fashionable young, ludios of Ny, have’ niso an etymologlenl diseaaer ew, York yon teen att Amokern cleror® oy Write ork, the hat they nry not conquctay’ th posit” the Yaynngog,” noxt dour who studies *filosoty” You yant your fue oxitulnedt, You ean carat" to bln, and ho witl call with aun ram” of trentinont, and sive you nll Mtysio" yon need, and that he will th {ifs ety fina atopted is vity hne adopter eRO DOW rite: and J would rathor hear all tho = preel! Jokon than to rend It as a atendy thing. ere Ho will got to Iky {t after ho becomes moro weed tolt, and thorcafter ho wilt pr that ho niways speltod: In that common. mannor, ey paper [Home Journay | ‘Tire marringo of Judge-ex-8en tor-to-Peru Christiancy to a ae ee is clerk, Biss Linonbocl, 18 tho old and oft. peated oxporlence of January and May, ay tanoy hns applied fur leave of absence t home from Peru to prosecute a Alvorce-suty, against hls wifo, charging her with cortain ques. tiounblo acts. On the othor band, the youn, wife says sho {6 also golng to apply fora, divorce, on tho grounds of ll-treatment and cruelty, gh claims that sho haa a sad story ta relate, tees Rot unequally mated together, is Chris. ‘0 come ——e ‘Tue fight lgn’t all one way tn Kentucky, hy any means, The Loulsyillo Commercial, pete orgun, snya that, ao fir as it has tho fgu eighteen countics have expressed a preference" for Grant, and sixteen diguinst hin, “Indien. Hons yro,” stys the samo authority, “that the Proportion will be about tho same throughout the List of countios to be heard from, with Porslbility that thore will bo an Increased per cent favoring Sherman and Blaine." As about elghty-three counties, or three-quarters of the State, are yet tobe beard from, wny speculae tons as tothe result would be manifestly pro. mature. A aoop examplo of tho amount of ener priso exhibited In tho Suuth {s afforded by the speech of Judge Muckey, of South Carolina, to Gen. Grant, when he sald; “ Wo sutp About 500, 000 hides annually to the North, and recelve from W to 12 conts a pound for them, Wo thon ship the red-onk bark and sumae to tan them with; and purchase back tho hides, whon conterted Into leather by Northorn onterprige, at 3% to 0 venta per pound. That fs the Southern way of doing business; and you will porcolve, General, that it isa vory sound system of polltical econ. omy, Ture third-termers seen bent on giving in dolent and indiiferent voters an oxcuse for staying at home on election-day, Anybody who has had oxporfence in canvassing knows how diMault It fst» poll a full voto under the most favorable elreumatances, Novw, If nny consider able body of voters should ptead opposition to third-termism next November as a reason for not golug to the pulls, the result might be very awkward and tupleasnnt for tho party. ‘This ts entirely apart from tho question whether oppor sition toa third tarm Is reasonable or net, ———_—— Joun A, BINanaM fy coming back from Japan to run for Cotigross tn tho Elghteonth Oklo Districts and it's about sattled that Kasson will return from Austrin to try his chunces aguln in fowa, There will be need of experi enced members 1a the next House, and ‘both’ of those mentionsd are active working Republice ans, Among tho untriod men spoken of Is John Huy, author of © Little Breeches,” who thinks of boing 2 enndidato ngainst Amos Townsond in tho Cleveland Distriut; but the presunt momber can probably bold bis scat, if ho wants It. | No two men are now striving ao effectual, touttain the abotluot of ull duties on pane ure, Congressmen Russell and Miller. | “They don’timean to do ft, bit thoy, ‘aro .dolng It none the less. Tho dog that lost his mont by grabat it4 shadow In the water polnted a moral for those Congreasinen tobbyiuts, and thoy would do well to give it early and earnest study,—PAlla- delphia Times, Russell and Miller have dono more ina week to knovk tho propa from under tho Protective system than the enemies of ft haye dony In tea youre, ‘ | Sraytey Marrnews held up hls ana in a tragic way in -tho Literal Convention of te, aud sild, ft ho had a drop of Grant blood fn bis yvolns, ho would open thom and take it out. Now ‘he thinka It would save tine and expense to let out the othor kind, Tho third-tormers were once temptod to wish that he would fet both kinds tlow at once, .Btanloy Matthows should be warned by the fate of Stowart Woodford, who was surprised to find Roscoe Conkling sitting on im in tho Utica Convention. 5 ee Tne inovitablo 19-15-14" puzzle has worked ita way into tho Proaidontini agitation. * Puclo appropriates it this woek to illustrate Conkling’s perplexity In tho effort to move “13 (Blaino) out of the way sous to get “ 15" (Grant) Into [ta propor place. Tho other num- bers, representing various candidates on both Aldes, ure a0 placed that Conkling’s faco betrays uisaleepless nights In’ the offort to solve the problem at which hi — Kane County, {1 this State, Is to hold a Hopublicanconvention soun; and tho people ot tho dairy rogiun have thoir hands full of polle ties, If tho mill should bo a little thin the next fow days, or the buttor too salt, city customers will please reficet that tho country fa being atved, and overlook ft. . ee Epwanp ATKINSON, of Boston, bas pul lished a plan for tho better protection of tho city ugainat ros; but tho insurance agouts protest. * No fre, no Insurance,” thoy cry out. Why not ehange the plan, and have insurance companies pald for proventiug tires, og taxes are 11) for proventing trade? “ Tur attention of Southern bulldozors 13 ro opectrmMly dircetod to the presuney in thelt inldst of w hateful Rudieal rattroud, whieh, will enable thousnnda of voters to pull up stakes and luave for happier elim Notice to the Third-Term Syndicate: Drag aud’ bluster nover mudo a Republican President yot, wid thoy novor will A soldicr's friends should aot moro and talk less, Covotnwatt bullt a big railroad, and lald ont 3,500 bottles of free champagne at tho ent of it, todraw customers, ‘Tho railroad in this cuso, It atrikos us, was suporiiugua, ——— ‘Tire Cincinnat! Southern banquet.usod up 10,800 oystora; but one oystor It didn’t consumes and that Was the Southern trade, which will be earved on quother occaston, an Oscan Tunsen, of Kentucky, thinks thot 350,000 fs tog much pay fora Presidont. Hels aio man, and, aovordiug to bis Ughts, he rigl —— PERSONALS, After all.the talk, Kearney was the first mantogo, Hoe will stay thore six months. ‘The ex-Khedivo has boon sued for the price of tha dinner-act he presented to the Princo of . Wales. People having jokes about Lent will hear of something to thelr adyantaye by calllog + Any nowspapor olfice but this, Frapk Lee Benedict, 8 Pennsylvania nov oliat, fain Ttaly, but this may nog account for the unusual exodus of Romans just now to tis cauntey, ‘A young Indy tn Indlana was suddenly kissed at u party, and was so groatly shock and mortified that sho became Insane, Wo aed this wil puta stop to the Inbuman’ practice kisslug youcg glris suddenly, The other way # quite ae certula and a hoap more enjoyable, Mr. Hoppin, the Auorican Socretary ol Legation In London, fs charged by the Iorld, of that city, with wearlug at Court a sort of wal forin, Including kiue- broechos, and, if the charge be truy, it would bo well to send over @ aman witha gun to convert Mr, Hoppin-and bring bark bis xouatas, :