Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 7, 1880, Page 4

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE SUNDAY, MARCH 7, 1880—SIXTEEN PAGES. Ghe Tribune. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. PREPAID. axe Pare eee oesday, Thureday, an year. Yaednesday, and Fricny, per year.. cata; or sunday, 16-pase edition, per reat <Any othor day, per year... ¢ ‘WEEKLY EDITION—POSTT'AID. One oony per year.. Clad of four. Cob of ten. Specimen free. Give Post-Office address In full, including Stave and County. . Remittances may be made elther by draft, express, Post-Ofiice order, or in rezistered letter, at onrrisk. TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Daily, delivered, Sunday excepted, 25 cents per week. Daily, delivered, Sunday included, 30 cents per week, Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearborn-sts... Chicago, LIL — BY MAIL—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE POSTAGE. Entered’at the Post-Ofice at Chicago, 1, as Becond- Class Matter. Forthe benefit of our petrons who desire to send ringle coples of THE TRIBUNE through the mall, we give herewith the transient rate of postage: Domestic, Fight and Twelve Page Paper......... Kixteen Page Paper. Fight and Twelve Pago Vaper.. tizteen Page Pape: TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. THR CHICAGO TRIBUNE has established branch offices for the receipt of subscriptions and advertise- mente as follows: NEW YORK—Room 29 Tribune Building. F.T.Me- FApDER, Manager. GLASGOW, Scotland—Allan'’s American News Agency. 31 Renfield-st. LONDON, Eng.—American Exchange, 49 Strand. rnsy F. Gr.iia, Agent. WASHINGTON. SOCIETY MEETINGS. APOLLO COMMANDERY, NO. 1, K. P.—Special Conclave Tuesday evening, March 9, 18% at7:al. The Grder of the Temple will be conferred. Members of Apollo must appear equipped. Sir Knights are always welcome. Whe Monday and Friday ¢ven- will 01 at 7:3 ppective nights. By order, Eminent Com- oh nights. By order_of the Sisnoer. 7 Ore TIFFANY, Recorder. Ri CONCLAVE, NO. 13, KNIGHTS OF aHRRAED Cnoes AND APLENDANT ORDERS— Stated Assembly on Tuesday evening. March 9, at 7:30 Park Lo ¥ ‘Lincota iali, corner North SEN and Centrests, for business and work. A full Stiendance {a requekied, Visiting sir Knlghis are te : courteously IMT OBERT MALCOM, M. P. Soverelgn. HLM. PACKHAM, Hecorder. LAFAYETTE CHAPTER, NO. 2 B. A. M.—Hall 70 Monroe-stStated Convocation Monday evening, March 6, at, 720 o'clock. Work on the Hoyal J Arch eres. ting companions welco! ae WM. K. FORSYTIL MEP WM. J. BRYAR, Secretary. ST, BERNARD COMMANDERY, NO. 3, K. T= ginted Concave Tuesday evening.’ March 9, at 7:20 o'clock. Work on tne fompar order Visine sir afeousiy invite OSOTIN DAL CARH, M.D, Commander, J.0, DICKERSON, Recorder. CORINTHIAN CHAPTER, NO. ®, B. A. 31.—Stated Conrocation Monday evening, March & for work on the BL M. Desree., Visiting companions are cordi- ted. order of murine 7 OROBERT MALCOM, M. B. H. P. JOHN 0. DICKERSON, Secretary. WASHINGTON CHAPTER, NO. 4, R. A. M.—Spe~ ¢ial Convocation Friday evening, Atarch ‘1, at 4:30 O'clock. Work on the Royal Arch Degree. Visiting companions cordially invited. Br order KEATS, E. P. CHAS. B. WRIGHT, Secretary. EXCELSIOR UNIFORMED ENCAMPMENT OF PATRIARCHS, L 0. 0. F.—You are hereby requested to be at your camp Friday evening, Biarch 12, to con- sider an invitation from Aurora to unite with them in the celebration of the 26th of April. A. G. LULL, Captain. CHICAGC CHAPTER, NO. 1%, R. A. M.—Hall 13 ‘Twenty-second-st.—Special Convocation Monday at 4 Seeeet esiihe companions cordially invited: companions col 1 Order of the MB, iP. al A ELI SMITH, Secretary. CHAPTER, No. 151, R. A. M.—Regulay Toning. March 1b 10 at 730, "Thupsday evening, M ‘Work on the Degree. Visiting companions are always welcome. ‘HLS, TIFFANY, aL E. H. PL MYBRON tary. GARDEX CITY LODGE, NO. 58, 1.0.0. F.—The fun- eral of our Inte Brother Willinm Fuchs will take place from our hall Sunday, March 7, at 9 a.m. sharp. SUNDAY, MARCH 7, 1890. ‘THe Marquis of Salisbury is again up and doing. Some foreign complication may be expected in a few days. —_—_—_—_—_— A DESTRUCTIVE famine prevails in Arme- nia, a portion of Asiatic Turkey. Fifty-two persons have already died of starvation in one of the provinces of that country. Ir is quite probable that the Municipal Government of London will not be given permission by Parliament to purchase the Water Companies’ franchises in that city. The price demanded is said to be exorbitant, Ir is stated that if the non-sectarian clause of Jules Ferry’s bill is so limited as to ex- clude Jesuits only from the calling of teach- ers, there will be no further opposition, and it may become law as soon as the Govern- ment of France thinks proper. THE Nihilist campaign has been transfer- red from St. Petersburg to Paris, Moura- vicff, the Russian Advocate-General, has been threatened at the latter city with death, if he persists in pressing for the extradition of Hartman: ‘Tur French Government has decided not to surrender Hartmann, the Russian Nihil- ist, but will expel him from the country. Should he go to England, asis most prob- able, Lord Beaconsfield’s Government will have to engage in an extended correspond- ence with the Russian Government, but even the powerful advocacy of the Duke of Edinburg will not bring about extradition. Sim Witrem Lawson, the wittiest man in the House of Commons, and A. M. Sullivan,- one of the best debaters in the same assem- bly, can draw little comfort from the division in the House of Commons Friday night. That august body, by a vote of 248 to 134, de- elded to reject Lawson’s Anti-Liquor bill. ‘The Tories have cast their lot with the pub- licans, and the Liberals dare not offend so powerful a body. THe Tammany Demdcrats, desirous of making some political capital, have indorsed Mr. Parnell. It is quite remarkable that the Tammanrites did not take any action in this matter until after the Irish agitator had deen cordially and enthusiastically received in the strongly Republican Western cities. Will the Irish people ever see through that transparent sham and hollow mockery, the Bourbon Democratic party ? THE seventh article of the Educational bill continues to occupy the attention of the Freneh Senate, M. Jules Ferry stated yes- terday that the educational books of the Jesuits proved their system dangerous to the institutions of the country. M. Simon vigorously opposed the passage of the arti- ele, contending that its passage would be a violation of the first principles of liberty. ‘The debate will be resumed on Monday. SeNator CARPENTER made an exhaustive and eloquent speech in the Senate yesterday in opposition to the bill for the relief of Fitz John Porter. With great force and acumen, and with an oratorical power worthy of his palmiest days, the Wisconsin Senator showed conclusively that the restoration of Porter would be unconstitutional, an encroach- ment on the power of the Executive, and, by setting aside the judgement of the Military Court, an assumption by Congress of judicial functions. The amendment offered by Sen- ator Burnside he characterized as no less revolutionary than the bill which it was soughtto amend. Porter, being now a private citizen, could not by any construction of the Jaw. be tried by court-martial As to the culpability of Porter the Senator had not the least doubt, but he claimed thet Porter was not cowardly nor inefficient; he held the cause cf the Union, however, second to the success of his idol, McClellan. As Sena- tor Carpenter proceeded he grew more elo- quent, and charged Porter.with causing the death of twenty thousand soldiers through his inaction, and challenged the Democratic party to reward what in Porter might be called fealty to a chief, but which the Nation had long since concluded to be rank treason. Senator Carpenter’s speech cannot fail to have considerable influence on the Senate, and, should they ponder it fittingly, it may cause them to think seriously before they reward a man whom the loyal people of America regard as a traitor. Secrerany Scuurz ts happy over what he considers the triumph of his peace policy. The Utes and kindred tribes have signed away ‘their reservations in Colorado, and have taken in leu thereof lands in Utah and New Mexico. The signatures to the treaty were very reluctantly attached by the Chiefs, who seemed to have considerable doubts as to how the signing away of their reservation will be regarded by the people of the tribes. et THe manner in which enthusiastic recep- tions and brilliant displays are gotten up in honor of the Czar of Russia is pretty fully described in our foreign dispatches, News- paper correspondents desirous of furnishing their papers with full and accurate accounts of what transpires at the Russian Capital have arather exciting time. St. Petersburg just now is not a good placefor interviewing celebrities or for expressing decided opinions on political matters. Cor. Contuunrst, an-Irish Whig M P., who has adopted: Home-Rule for the time being, was rejected a few days ago on ap- plying fora membership in the London Re- form Club. Day before yesterday some fif- teen candidates were up for membership, and it was expected that the Irish members of the Club would blackball them. There is not a “slave so lowly,”’ however, as a slavish Irishman, and the fifteen candidates were elected without opposition. a Ar a convention of Young Republicans held at Boston yesterday, a resolution in op- position to the nomination of Grant and Blaine was passed. An effort to strike out the name of the latter from the resolution was very nearly successful. The Young Re- publicans also passed resolutions in support of C:vil-Service reform, specie-payments, the enforcement of National laws, and in favor of depriving greenbacks of their legal-tender value. An effort to indorse Senator Ed- munds failed. Tene died in England a few weeks ago one of the brightest, most sympathetic, and intelectual women of the present century. What Frances Power Cobbe has done in. the interest of her sex, to elevate, to enfranchise, to disenthrall them, has now passed into his- tory. Her articles in the English magazines and the London Spectator in behalf of the women of England are the most power- ful argument in favor of woman’s rights ever published. Irish by race, and a Unita- rian in religion, Miss Cobbe was 2 strange mixture of emotionalism and intellectualism. She leaves no one to take her place. Womankind in general, and English women in particular, have reasons to regret the loss of her powerful and disinterested advocacy. Once more it is stated in New York that Tilden will be a candidate for the Presiden- tial nomination at the Cincinnati Convention. With the power which his great riches, his affected ‘‘ grievances,” and his astute man- agers and wire-pullers can give him, he will bea powerful antagonist to any other Demo- erat seeking the nomination. He will try to make it understood that Kelly and Church and his other political enemies in the Empire State cannot hold back any Democratic votes from him ina Presidential election. Any successful rival at Cincinnati cannot expect many favors from the ancient party of Gramercy Park; and, on the whole, the Democrats are lost in the wilderness of doubt, and no political Moses has yet ap- peared to lead them therefrom. MR. WASHBURNE AND THE PRESIDENCY. The following letter of the Hon. E. B. Washburne to James Hallett, Esq., written several weeks ago, has just been made public: CurcaGo, Feb. 13, 1880.—James Hallett, Esg.— My Dear Srr: [have just seen in the papers a statement that my old friends in Mount Carroll propose holding a meeting to-morrow night to organize a club to advance my candidacy for the Presidency. If such be the fact, it isa com- pliment which I profoundly appreciate, and it has a double ralue as coming from my old con- stituents and friends, who, for nine successive elections, supported me for Congress with a zeal and devotion which has challenged my deepest gratitude. I must, however, through you, bes of them to desist from any such action. I can, under no circumstances or conditions, become a candidate for President. Gen. Grant {s my first, last, and only choice. Thanking my friends for their proposed manifestation of kindness and good will, Lam, very truly, your obedient serv- ant, E. B. WASHBURNE. ‘The above is a reiteration in writing of what Mr. Washburne has frequently de- clared verbally, and simply amounts to this: (1) He wants Grant nominated. (2) He will not, under any circumstances, be a candidate against him. But suppose Gen. Grant is not a candidate, or shall before the Chicago Convention, or during that Convention, withdraw his name; in that case Mr. Washburne is as free to sup- port any other candidate, and as free to be- come a candidate himself, as is any other citi- zen of the Republic. The effort making to represent him as refusing the nomination, or refusing the use of his namein the Conven- tion asa candidate for the nomination incase Gen. Grant shall have withdrawn or other- wise ceased to be a candidate, is a gross in- justice to Mr. Washburne, and is wholly un- warranted by the facts. ‘The attempt to put him in this false posi- tion is doing. an injustice to the friends of Gen. Grant, the majority of whom, in case Grant be no longer a candidate, will un- doubtedly prefer Washburne to any of the other gentlemen who have been named. We have no question that Gen. Grant himself, should he cease to bea candidate, will greatly rejoice if the Convention shall nominate his old friend and supporter Washburne. To represent that Mr. Washburne will not permit his name to be used in the Conven- tion, in case that of Gen. Grant is withdrawn, is to represent that his friendship and his ad- miration for Grant will be transferred to Blaine, or Conkling, or Sherman, or Ed- muhds. That this is not true is shown by his letter, in which he declares that he is “for Grant first, last, and all the time.” But Grant no longer a candidate will so change the situation of affairs that Mr. Washburne will not be at liberty to refuse the full per- mission for the use of his name in the Con- vention for the nomination. It is not at all certain that Gen. Grant will permit his name to be used in the Conven- tion as a candidate. When he returns to this country from Mexico and discovers that among the Republicans of several States there is such an overwhelming objection tos third ‘term for any man that whole delega- tions have been elected directly by the peo- ple to vote against a third term; that in the great Republican State of Pennsylvania a Jarge body of the delegates instructed to op- pose a third term have been, by the skillful manipulations of the “‘ machine,” commanded to vote for him; and that in New York a large body of the delegates, instructed by T their constituents to vote against a third term, have been ordered by a bare majority of a State Convention to vote for him, he will, in all probab flity, with his strong good | sense, discover that the so-called Grant dele- gates from those States do not represent the popular sentiment with that unanimity with- out which the nomination would not be honorable to himself to accept or expedient for the party to make. ‘When Gen. Grant returns and becomes ac- |. quainted with this deep-rooted and wide- spread hostility to a Presidential third term, and the means by which whole delegations have been coerced to vote for him, it is more than probable he will decline a candidacy which lacks that popular support which alone could induce him to be a candidate fora third terin. ‘Under these circumstances, should he re- fuse the further use of his name as a candi- date, it would be absurd: to say that Mr. Washburne, like all other persons, will not be released from the support of Gen. Grant, and free to make another choice. In that event, ifany of the delegates in the Conven- tion should prefer, after Grant’s withdrawal, or after any other person, Mr. Washburne as tReir choice for the nomination, he will of eSurse be as free to accept their support and their nomination as he would be if Gen. Grant had never been named for a third term of the oflice. ss OPENING OF NAVIGATION. It was reported yesterday that the Straits of Mackinaw are open. There is little doubt that vessels could pass through, as they might have done several. times this winter. It is also probable that the season of naviga- tion will open earlier this year than usual. Butitcan scarcely be said to be-opened yet for the grain trade, though the breaking up of ice in the Straits has been the prac- ; tical opening of the season in past years. i The Erie Canals are not: yet open, and will | scarcely be open before the end of this | month, so that grain leaving this city | now for the seaboard would have to lie in Buffalo, paying storage there under the ordinary charter terms by which vessels discharge cargo im- mediately on arrival. It isthought by vessel- men that, with a continuance of fine weather, the first clearances of grain from this port will be made about the 20th inst., and the insurance agents will scarcely care to assume risks before that time. The 20th of March is, however, about thirty-nine days earlier’ than the average date at which the Straits of Mackinaw are open. The resumption of water communica- tion with the East would, therefore, lengthen the season by two-eleyenths, or nearly 18 per cent. The effect of this upon the forward movement of breadstuffs can scarcely be es- timated now; but there is no reason to doubt that it will be a most important boon to the railroad-monopoly-ridden peo- ple of the West. There is already about 2,300,000 bushels of grain afloat in our har- bor, ready to move, and this quantity may be materially increased before the end of the next fortnight by the loading of vessels already here, and of some that may arrive. Our total shipments of breadstuffs by lake last year were 63,796,288 bushels, and the same ratio would give 11,500,000 bushels more this year on account of the greater length of the season. The apgment may really be reckoned on as likely-to be more than that, as more grain is ready to move than was the case ten months ago. This increase is very much greater than our ex~ cess of grain in store; we have only about threeanda half millions morenow than twelve months since, and there is not now any pros- pect of a very big increase in the quantity of grain tocome here as compared with 1879, The early opening of navigation will, there- fore, give the railroads less to say in the fix- ing of freight rates than last year, though their combinations may be strong enough to prevent the demoralization of last June, when corn was carried at 7} cents from Chi- eago to the seaboard. There is-another point which ought not’ to be lost sight of. Our grain is wanted in ‘Western Europe, to say nothing of the wants of New England; and the experience of our merchants with railroads this winter has re- opened theireyes. It now seems probable that the carrying facilities of the lake will betaxed to the utmost in the determination to avoid the railroad lash next winter as much as” ‘possible, If this be the case the chances are that the railroads will not soon again be able to pursue the cutthroat policy which has marked their dealings with the Western pro- ducer during the past four months. WILL SHERMAN WITHDRAW? Late dispatches from Washington report that the friends of Secretary Sherman have been holding consultations relative to that gentleman’s withdrawal from the Presiden- tial contest. There are reasons for regard- ing this statement as preparatory to Mr. Sherman’s formal renouncement,of his can- didacy. Secretary Sherman has not made so much headway in his canvass as to be en- couraged to continue. Heis in no sense a} “dark horse.” He came upon the course early in the day. He declared his ambition | and went actively to work. He promised that he would not use his connection with the present Administration and his official pat- ronage to advance his interests, but the ! temptation proved too strong for him, and / there quickly came announcements of re- i movals and appointments that denoted a} manipulation of Government favors in Sherman’s interests. The indications of late have been that Secretary Sherman has made more enemies than friends by resorting to such questionable expedients. The remarkable nomination and subseqitent withdrawal of Pinchback as Naval Officer at New Orleans are still shrouded in mystery; | but, whatever the extent of Mr. 'Sherman’s connection therewith may be, the confusion will probably cost him the votes of Louisi- anain the Convention. In other Southern States, where Treasury agents have been actively at work in shaping rotten-borough delegations to the Chicago Convention, they have encountered serious opposition, and their movements have invariably occasioned unfavorable comment at the North. The Sherman meetings in Ohio have been “stale, flat, and unprofitable,” and the prospect of a divided delegation in his own State has been particularly discouraging. It is not strange, therefore, that Sherman’s friends should pre-. pare the way for his witharawal. It may be accepted as pretty. certain that Secretary Sherman will withdraw from the race just as soon as he shall become fairly convinced that certain defeat awaits him, of which nearly all his friends are already con- vinced. He will not care to incur the humil- iation of a hopeless struggle, but will prefer to place himself upon a good footing with the party at large and the successful candidate before the Convention. Asa politician, Mr. Sherman will perceive the futility of further effort long before the meeting of the Conven- tion, and also find some pretext for retiring from the contest. In such case where will the Sherman men go? This is the question that will take a conspicuous place in the Presidential battle before Jong. It is a question which Secretary Sherman himself may notbe able to answer very well. His friends, as a rule, are not so strongly at- tached to him as to come and go at his bid- ding, and he himself, once out of the Tace, -may not be disposed to do any jockeying. It may be expected, however, that, when Sher- forward. And if Mr. Washburne was ina fer their votes to him, as he is strong in Ohio | laid before the Legislature of that State his ;- Partially successful ... '. Total... afford food for thought to the worl jan Who Foully wetes to better hie condition. “Here 2g man retires, some other candidate will beput Position to accept their support, the bulk of the Sherman men would undoubtedly trans- as well asin Indiana with the element that constitutes the balance of power in both those States, as well as in several others, in- cluding Llinois. Wisconsin, and New York, ee —_—— FIFTY YEARS OF LABOR STRIKES. The Hon. Carroll D. Wright, Chief of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics, has just annual report, brought down to Nov. 1, 1879. It is a document replete with valuable infor- mation. The volume opens with a history of strikes in Massachusetts from 1830 to 1880, and this history, giving the causes, the ex- tent, and the results of all these strikes, is of great interest, The whols number of strikes and lock-outs included in the record is 159. ‘This does not include mere demands made by contending parties which were not seri- ‘ous enough to produce a strike. The causes of these strikes were: For better wages, For shorter ay To enforce unfon rules. Resisting employers’ rules. Against employmentof machinery, Total........ceeceeee The results of the strikes wert Unsuccessful. Successful. Compromised. Result unknown. Still pending.. In the history of Massachusetts that at the mills of the Salis- bury corporation ‘in 1852 is reported as re- markable because. of the slizht cause, the class of persons engaged in it, and the se- rious results. The employés at the mills were all Americans, all members of families long resident in the town. The rules of the mills had never been strict, Nominally the mills opened at 5a. m. and closed at7 p. m., with rests of half an hour for breakfast and one hour for dinner. It was the custom, however, to give the operatives fifteen min- utes each half-day for lunch, This had been the custom ‘for thirty years. This privilege for lunch was grently abused. Men would go out of the mills in the forenoon on private business, and frequently the fifteen minutes’ absence was extended to an hour. In April, 1853, the agent of the mill resigned, and a new agent took charge, and he, on May 31, gave notice that this lunch- time, or privilege, wotld be abolished, the new ruleto take effectthe nextday. The next day one hundred men left the mills at the usual lunch-time, and, on their return, were discharged. The village was greatly excited. The whole population had grown up with the mills, and they all sided with the opera- tives, Public meetings were held and speeches made. A committee was appointed to ask of the Directors a restoration of the luncheon privilege. The Directors refused to inter- fere. The female operatives struck work. The poet Whittier, who then resided near the mills, prepared the series of resolu- tions which were adopted remonstrating against the sudden abolition of a time-honored privilege. ‘phe corporation, however, refused to yield” To add to the excitement the flannel tnills at Amesbury, a neighboring village, at this time also abol- ished the Iuncheon privilege. The original trivial disagreement rapidly grew into open war between the villagers and the mill-own- ers. The mills after a while resumed work with foreign help. The opposition so serious- ly interfered with their business that for many years they suffered financial embarrass- ments. Finally, not one person of the orig- inal native population was connected with the mills; they had‘all removed elsewhere to obtain work, and the industrial population of the town was wholly changed. This report contain3.a history of the famous struggle of tha “Crispins” for the mastery and control of*the shoe manufact- ures of the State, and also of the several serious strikes at the'textile mills at Fall River. From the review of the entire fifty years’ history of strikes, the first and most obvious conclusions, that ‘Strikes generally prove powerless to benefit the condition of the wage-class.” The strikes have been so uniformly unsuccessfel that the strikers have been left “in exactly the same posi- tion, so far as concerned the point at issue, that they occupied at the beginning.” This result is about the same as in England. An- other result stated is, that “ Strikes tend to de- prive the strikers of work.” The strikes of the Crispin organization caused the manu- facturers to remove their business to other towns, and some to leave the State. The strike at North Adams in 1871 directly caused the introduction of Chinese labor, to the permanent displacement of white work- | nen. Another result has been the gradual | substitution of other methods for mule-spin- | ning in cotton factories. Mr. Wright ex- plains this by saying: ‘The mule-apinner, to a certain extent, now holds the key to the situation. If successful, he often has it in his power to stop the mill. And it is noticeable that the chief strikes in the text- ile trades have arisen among the spinners. But the mule is gradually disappearing, the number in our largest factories being 43 per cent less than in 1864. To this may be added the successful inven- tion’known as the “Clements Attachment,” —a simple machine which takes the cotton in the seed, gins it, and spins it into slivers, and | even into yarn, and does this on the cotton- field. The manufacturers can hereafter-ob- tain their cotton in the shape of yarn ata cost but little exceeding the cost of baled cotton, thus enabling them to dispense with spinning altogether. # Another conclusion drawn from this his- tory of the strikes is, that they “lead to im- providence, and are demoralizing in their effect upon the workingman.” In the vari- ous Fall River strikes the enormous sum of ; $1,400,000 in wages was voluntarily forfeited by the idleness of the operatives. This does not include the large sums contributed by sympathizers in other cities. The whole was wasted, for no permanent advantage was se- cured. Loss in wages without any material benefit accruing to offset it is the rule. The same.sum of money applied to well-directed projects of self-help might have accom- plished* much. The spinners alone in the Fall River strike of 1879 deprived themselves of a sum suilicient to have established four ; codperative provision stores, each with an in- | vested capital of $25,000, Theamountof wages - lostby the operatives at Fall River during 1870 would have erected a mill of 25,000 spindles, equipped it with the necessary machinery, and given it a sufficient working capital. The, report gives several estimates as to how long a striker, if successful, must work at the ad- vanced wages to recover the sums lost while idle. , The report says: Suppose he strik cent increase. As- surulug the weekly t Srore tb be 2 per cent of that of a working year, it will take him one and three- fifths years to make up.for one month's wages lost; three and one-fifth years for two months’ lost; four and four-fifths years for three months’ lost; and soon. Let us apply such _# calculation to the Fall River “vacation” of 1875. ‘This was against 10 per cent reduction, and the operatives lost eizht weeks' wa; ‘Had the result been ia their favor it would have taken each employé one and six-tenths years, at the desired rate. to recover this loss. The long strike of 189 was for an increase of 15 per cent. Had it been success- fulat the end of fifteen weeks, every spinner would have been obliged to Sabor two years before recovering the amount he had lost by his idleness. Can any one discover that. under the most favorable circumstances, this waste is compensated for by any advantage gained? This igen aspect of the strike question that may well | indissolubl ures and facts cannot be blotted out. The effect of strikes upon the manufact- urers varies with the state of trade. Some- times it isa positive advantage to be able to close the mili or the workshop. The intelli- gent workman must understand that any policy that cripples the employer must react upon himself. ‘The rate of wages is some- times beyond the employer’s control. The report closes its review of the fifty-years history of strikes in Massachusetts as fol- lows: ‘The manufacturer, also, should not forget that the duties devolving upon himself cannot be ignored. Neither party can expect all the for- bearance to be exercised upon the other side. It must be reciprocal. We have before referred to the absence ot the conciliatory spirit in Fall River; and it is pleagamt, on the’ other hand, to note that wherever ft is present in greater or less degree comparrtive harmony ensues. ‘There are factories in the State in which strikes i are unknown, and where the condition of the employés is made an object of care on the part of the employers. : -Strikes are born of ignorance, distrust, and the lack of that spirit of brotherhood between employer and employed upon which the best in- terests of both depend. These interests are mutual; and, when this truth is recognized and | acted upon in their mutuul relations, strikes will cease. The employer often complains of the ignorance of his workmen; but this igno- | ranco, if it exists, entitles them to greater sym- | pathy and more consideration. Ench party is now prone to look at mooted questions from dif- | ferent sides. Strikes only perpetuate this atti- | tude. Neither manufacturer nor workingman | | 1 can afford to reject whatever tends toward the harmony that will eventually solve the vexed questions that disturb the prosperity of both. The report embraces a variety of statistics touching labor industries, to which we may ; hereafter refer. THE POPE ON DIVORCE, The reigning Pope’s encyclical on marriage and divorce has evidently been prompted by the same motives which led his predecessor to resist to the utmost of his power the in- : troduction of the railroad and the telegraph into the Papal dominions. No one with due regard to the sanctity of the marriage-tie i will controvert the Pope’s generalizations about the high moral and socialduties which that contract imposes. But when the Pope declares at this time that the rights and ob- ligations of marriage depend upon a relig- ious ceremony entirely independent of the civil contract, and that ““No power can dis- | solve among Christians ‘a ratified and con- | summated marriage,” the position is in con- flict with the best interests of society, and is dictated by the selfish desire to maintain the old-time, arrogant, and uncom- promising supremacy of the priesthood, of. which the Pope is the head. The encyclical on this subject has been called out by the agi- tation now in progress in France, a Catholic country, for the recognition of divorce for good and sufficient cause, and the right to re- marry. This change in the law is advocated by many of the leading press, statesmen, and writers, but it isopposed by the priests as cal- culated to weaken their influence, and the Pope comes tq the aid of the Church party with the prestige of his position and authori- ty.’ The institution of marriage must be pre- served as a sacrament for the greater glory and profit of the Church. Recognition of di- vorce by civil courts would take away from the Church one of its greatest powers and perquisits. and hence must be resisted. The Papal dictum will undoubtedly car- ry with it considerable weight in France, where the Church retains so strong ahold upon the masses; but the arguments used by the Pope will not stand the test of intel- lectual analysis. It isno more true that the advocates of divorce in France “ desire to expel God and the Church from human society”? than it would be to say that every man and woman who favor civil annulment of the marriage-contract for certain causes are governed by the desire to avail them- selves personally of such a privilege. Under the laws of the Church and France, a man is bound for life to a woman who may turn prostitute after mar riage, and a woman cannot escape the adulterer or felon when the Church has once sanctioned her marriage to such a person. A separation is allowed under certain condi; tions; but the innocent wife or the innocent husband, as the case may be, is forever de- barred from forming new marital associa- tions, and forced either to live alone orto ! form relations which both Church and State condemn as immoral. It is this alternative, involving a penalty for innocence and a temptation to vice, which the Pope would enforce in order that the Church may lose nothing of its present influence. " “Conjugal bonds lose all stability,” says the encyclical, if divorce be recognized. This is gross exaggeration. Divorce is not con- | and absolutely deny divorce in his jealous guardianship of Church power, though the innocent be oppressed, the virtuous tempted, and the wronged outraged and cut off there- by. No oneof ordinary sensibility can have read in Tue Trinuxe of yesterday the accounts of the cruelties to animals practiced at the Stock-Yards without feeling at the very sug- gestion a cordial hatred of the entire class en- gaged in them, buta special and active ani- mosity against the man who, as State Agent, has tolerated'them. It is needless to recount the horrors of torturing the dumb and help- less beasts béyond the necessities of the slaughter-pens. The point in the case is that Gov. Cullom names and the State supports a ! man for the express purpose of protecting the animals against the unnecessary cruelties of the butchery, and that this person hasbeen in the habit of drawing his pay and closing his eyes to the fiendish practites that have become habituaL In a single day Toe Trreune’s reporter saw enough horrors to sicken the heart of the most obdurate man, and to fill three columns with an account thereof; yet this State Agerit has not reported a single : ease of cruelty for prosecution under the law, nor would he have done so during his ; and Goy. Cullom’s term of office had it not been for Tue Triuxe’s exposure. He should have no further opportunity for neglecting his duty, but be’ summarily dis- missed for an indifference which is disgrace- ful to himself and to the Administration which he represents. The animals have suf- fered more, as a matter of fact, by reason of ; the existenceof such a State Agent than if there had been no such person; for, had it not been supposed that the slaughter-houses — were carefully watched, the Society for the Prevention ‘of, Cruelty to Animals would have exercised vigilance of itsown. Cruelty is avice that grows by what it feeds on, and it is too much to expect humane motives over the improved highw: lame, and crippled old men slow nto halt, hoe this mud into pites, which, after hart tered by the passing teams several tj as often scraped together again, is gree 4 into carts and hauled back whence it dumped among its kindred mud on u paved cross streets, and immediately it its march back again to the paved Street conveyance before described. And: th EY thy Process goes on, spring, summer, tall, aa ter, yeur in and’ year out, for decade’ vam cade,—all because those cross streets ede. paved and kept in order. Ambition une and disroputable Ath curse the elty wit ot thoroughfares, and a careless, incapubl Council permits this state of things tens unendingly. Cun anything be more disteputante ame ang hose un. Tesi Tue London Jewish World declares the family legend given by Lord Beaconsf the preface of his father’s works tg alt Tho family name was not Laraenor dane | Premier's grandfuther assume the name? Disraeli, ‘never borne’ before,” when tipi. | from the Spanish Inquisition. The name really belonged in a way to the first oe Benjamin Disraeli, grandfather of Lord Benen st field, from whom he i not descended. She wey the daughter of Gaspar Mendes Furtad ad Portuguese Jew, whose wife Abigail a Hy Lara, and had had placed on her tombstone, fg the Mile-End Road, the following inseriptign which, doubtless, suggested the legend: “nh sepulchre of Abigail, widow of Gaspar Mendes. Furtado, of Portugal, who, after suffering the tortures of the Inquisition, fled for protectiontg England with her children, since numed Rachel, Rebecca, Judith, Abraham, Isaac, and Ja whom she educated in the Jewish faith, andes, tablished well in marrige, where, having sun, yived her beloved daughter Rachel, she wag called to rest. Friday night, 17th September, Trt, aged 65.” The Rebecca mentioned married, ag is shown by another tombstoue, Benjamin D'Israele, and died, leaving only one daughter, | “Rachel,” who was not relnted to the Premier, He is descended from Benjamin's second wife, ‘ ee REFERRING to the plundering of Egypt by England and France, the London Spectator says; Tt would appear that the British Government | isnot quite sutisfed in its conscience with the | lnstarrangement suggested for Egyptian finance Under that arrangement, moro’than half the from practical butchers; but a man who is | Egyptian revenue—that is, half the entire eamn- paid and supported to be humane ought cer- tainly to afford the indulgence of an occa- sional protest against excessive and needless torture. ASTRONOMICAL. Chicago (TrrBvsEz office), north latitude 41 deg. 52m. 57s.; west longitude, 42m. 18s. from Wash- ington, and 5h. 80m. 80¢. from Greenwich. The subjoined table shows the time of rising and setting of the moon’s lower Hmb, and the officin] time for lighting the first_street-lamp in each circuit in this city, during the coming week, untess ordered sooner on account of bad weather. Also the following times for extinguishing the first lamp: Day. Light. Extinguish. P. z March 7. The néw moon will occur Wednesday at 6:57 p. m. Monday morning the moon will be a little north from Venus, both rising nearly at the same time. Friday evening the moon will be a little north from Saturn, both setting at nearly the same time. The sun’s upper limb rises Monday at 6h. 22m. a.m. Souths atl0m. 45.64. p.m. Sets at bh. 5934m. p. m. is ‘The sun’s upper limb rises Friday at 6h. 152m. a.m. Southsat 9m. 421s. p. m. Sets at 6h O44im. p.m. Sidereal time Thursday noon, 23h. 19m. 02.988, Mercury is now east from the sun, setting aft- er him. The greatest “elongation” will be ‘Wednesday evening, his distance from the sun being then 18 degrees 22 minutes. This will bea very favorable time for seeing Mercury. He may be easily recognized when one knows just where to look for him; but is a very dificult ob- ject otherwise. At five minutes past 6 o'clock Wednesday evening—that is, just after sunset— he will be 7.6 degrees (about 7) south of the west pointof thé compass and 16% degrees above the horizon. At 6b. 50m. he will be due west, with an altitude of 6 degrees from the horizon; and will set at Th. 36m. about 7 degrees to the north of west. His position Thursday evening will be about equally@favorable; he will then be nearer the sun, but a little farther north than on ‘Wednesday. Venus is a morning star. Thursday she will rise at 5b. 6m. a. m., and south at 10h. lim. a.m. About seven-cighths of her illuminated side is turned towards us. She is only visible in the morning twilight. Mars is an evening star. Thursday next he will south at 5:26 p.m., and set at 1:04 the following morning. About nine-tenths of his illuminated disc is turned, towards us. He is now afew degrees north from the well-known | Vof Taurus; and, moving eastward, will pass templated in any civilized country except for causes that render life in common unendur- able; if abused at times, it is only such abuse asall human laws are subject to, and the remedy is in large part in the hands of tho Church through the influence which it may exert in the improvement of public morals, and the framing and execution of the laws, On the other hand, the privilege of divorce , undoubtedly exercises a certain restraint j over all persons who are disposed to disre- gard the duties of married life, and influences | them to avoid giving just offense. ‘Mutual affection is impaired” by divorce, says the ; Pope. This cannot be true, since affection is nota matter of compulsion, and cannot be controlled by the laws of either the State or } the Church; on the contrary, mutual affec- tion is more likely to be encouraged by the knowled, hat a flagrant disregard thereof may be exposed, and the offended party may | lawfully seek redress and consolation else- ; where. “Infidelity is strongly encouraged,” the Pope insists, where divorce is possible. Not so, because infidelity may be followed by punishment in the allowance of alimony, in the public scandal of divorce proceedings, and in separation from children. Infidelity is certainly! much more encouraged under a condition of things where an outraged hus- band or an injured wife has no means of re- dress and no hope of release. “The care and education of children are imperiled,” not so much bya legal divorce which commits the children to the care ofa pure and innocent parent, as by the absence of divorce, which makes the offspring subject to the merefricious influences of an unhappy home and the exainple and authority of a de- bauched anil degraded parent. “The dissolution of human society ” is not so much to be feared from a rational and fair system of divorcement as from a system of marriage which virtually con- dones infidelity and attaches no adequate penalty to violations of the marriage-con- tract. A comparison of French and Ameri- can morals will justify this statement. The Pope ascribes the widespread French agitation for a divorce law for good cause to the Communists. There is less of the vicious elements of Communism in this country than in France, though the average American fa- cility for divorcement is too broad, while there is none whatever in France. The prac- tical Communists and Socialists care nothing for either marriage or divorce; they would break down both Church and State; they defy and mock at marriage beyond atem- porary convenience and. mutual agreement. Consequently the Communists and Socialists, i who know that offenses against the sanctity | of marriage are rarely, if ever, punished in } countries where divorce is not permitted, do not trouble themselves to ask fora privilege which they exercise without legal or church- ly authority. It is not those who are guilty, or would be guilty, of infidelity who need the protection and redress of divorce, but those who are innocent and would re- maininnocent before manand God, ‘ThePope would maintain marriage as 4 sacrament, | the Horse-Raflway Presidents. nearly midway between the two horn-stars of the Bull the 30th of this month. Jupiter is stil! an evening star; but only nom- inally so, being too near the sun to shine in competition with the god of day. Thursday next Jupiter will south at 0:23 p. m.; and will be in conjunction with the sun Monday of next week (the 15th). Saturn is an eveningstar, but israpidly nearing the sun. Thursday next he will south at 1:41 p. m., and set at 7:57 p.m. Heis now 3% degrees south and % degree east from Epsflon in tho southern band of Pisces, and nearly on a line ; from Scheat Pegasi, through Algenib, and ex- | tended 1613 degrees further to the southeast. Ho is very close toa small star numbered as 77 in Pisces. The apparent breadth of the ring sys- tem of Saturn is now about one-fifth of its greatest dimension, as seen from the earth. * Neptune will south Thursday at3h. lfm. p. m. Right ascension 2h. 22m. 40s., and north declina- tion 13 degrees 10 minutes. The middle star in the belt of Orion will south ‘Thursday at 6h. 10m.; and Sirius at 7h. 19m. 88s. p.m. : : - ray * Hoe ad Uranus is now visible to the naked eye in a clear night, shining as a star of the sixth magni- tude, in the constellation Leo. Thursday he will south at 11h. 18m. p. m.. The accompany~ ; ing diagram will help to identify him. The principal stars shown here form the well-known group known as the Sickle, the lowest and brightest star being Regulus, or Cor Leonis. The middle point of the three m tho left- hand lower corner of the dingram is the position of Uranus, marked H. The ono to the right of the planet is Itho Leonts, the distance between the two being 14 degrees, or about 3% times the apparent breadth of the full moon, ‘The star to the left of Uranus is No. 83 in Leo, # ——— ‘TueRe has been a serio-comic controversy between the Chicago Street Commissioner and The people are in the habit of hoeing and Betis seraping the mud off their tracks upon the street outside thereof, and the Street Commissioner insists that they shall shovel it into carts, haul it away, and dump itsomewhere else. The rail- way folks refuse pointblunk, saying ‘that It is not their dirt; that their cars don’t bring a shovelful of it on the tracks; that it is all brought on by the miscellaneous vehicles which use their tracks. This {s undoubtedly true. If the Street Commissioner, the Mayor, or Alder- men will ride out on one horse-car‘strect and back on another they wilt seo where all the mud on the horse-railway and other paved streets comes from. At each crossing let them look right and lett at the sea of mud on those unpaved cross streets. That is whereall the mud and filth come from that cover the paved thoroughfares. Every horse and wagon plowing through these horrible sloughs carry inalarge quantity of adhesive black mud, and knock it off their feet and wheels on the paved streets. One to. two inches aday are thus conveyed in and spread ings of the pengantry above « bare livelihood. is taken forever, for the benefit of Buna financial rings. The British Government therefore. agreed to a Commission of Liquids. tion,” which will prepare a new scheme, on the basis of first allowing sufficient sums for branches of the Administration, many of which are at present starved. That is a'slight Improve. sents us me niiigeeene iy Bet i and the coun. y more; but it requires one large and addition. The Commission shouldbe ted in their scheme to recommcnd the total abolinon of all oppressive taxes, and of the: corres in any form; the abolition of ‘corporal punishment for non-payment of taxes, and such a reduction of the land-tax as should admit in ‘years of accumulation. ‘The revenue of ypt is now treated as a fixed amount, coming like a divi. dend from the sky, instead of being regarded as an oppressive exaction from extremely poorand industrious peusants, which, it is imperative, it civilized Governments are to interfere at all, should be reduced at once. Unxper the heading of “Growing Oppo sition to the Nominanon of Gen. Grant for Pres- ident,” the Evening Journal publishes the follow. ing “specials”: New York, March 5.—The seeds of bitterness sown by the Utica fpacked} Convention among the Brooklyn Republicans are sp: up. In the Fourth Ward Association last night areso- lution opposing the nomiuation of Grant was carried by a considerable majority, and moch hostile feeling was shown. On motion of William A. Linn, one of the ed- itors of the Evening Post, the following resclue tion was unanimously ad npted by the ublig- ans of Bergen County, N. J.: Resolved, That inasmuch as the united vote of the party Is lecersary, to, its success In November, wo leem it inadei thut Gen. Grant should receiv the nomination for President from the Repubilcan National Convention at Chicago; and it is the wish of this Convention that the delevtes elected here shalt oppose, at Trenton, the choice of any delegate to Chicags atho favors Gen. Grant's nomination, Politicians who are not utterly blind or be sotted are perceiving thdt a third-term cand date stands not a ghost’s chance of carrying either New York or New Jersey. Gex. GRANT said to John Russell Young in one of those remarkable conversations which varied the monotony of their journey around the world: . Ihad only one candidate for the Presidency as my successor, and that was the Hepublican candidate who could be elected. I took no part in the procecdings antecedent to the Cin- cinnati Convention, because the candidates were my friends, and any one except Mr. would have had my heartiest support, Mr. Bris- tow I never would have supported, for reasons that I may give at some oer time in a more formal manner than mere conversation. ‘That is to suy, Grant would have refused to support Bristow if he had been nominated, but would have bolted and helped to elect his Demo- cratic opponent, Tilden. Is not this setting 5 rather dangerous example to the ‘Young Scratchers” and independently inclined class of Republicans? We see the evil effect on party subordination fn New York, where there sa powerful society who propose to “bolt” if Grant is nominated for a third term. —_——— Warrersoy, of the Louisville Courier Journal, has matters figured down to a fica point as to the Democratic party in its entry on the Presidential canvass. He says, editorially: It is our fixed opinion that, with a single exe ception, the Democratic party can elect no indie vidual President of the Ualted States this year but Mr. Tilden. That single exception is the candiduté named by Tilden. "It is ourfixed oping ion that we cannot maintain a ticket in the Held six weeks unless it be headed or heartily sup- ported by Mr. Tilden. We suppose the candidate the old Usufruct would name is one Samuel J. Tilden. In that case it is our solemn opinion that Gen. Gran even handicapped down by the widespread hoe tility to Third Termism, would most probably bent him, that Blaine would be certain to defeat him, and that Washburne would have a walk- pway from him. RETRENCHMENT and reform was the watch- word of the Democratic party during the last campaign. It aid well enough for a watchword, but it has too much iron in its blood to be of any service in practice. The Democrats in Washing- ton have been holding high revel ever since they came into power. They have been specially lav= ish in providing for their own comforts. Anine stance of thelr magnificent carelesness of the people’s money is afforded in the Speaker's room, now used as a reception-room for mem ders. It was formerly inexpensively furnished, but ithas eince been refitted at an expense ot $2,250. Thissum would furnish a fine city house from cellar to attic in good style; butthe Demo~ cratic Congress has put it all into one room. Each curtain cost $125; the rugs cost $250 eachy the Wilton carpet $3.50 per yard: the chairs are carved black walnut, covered with red Russ leather; and all the other appointments are! keeping. Gen. Spryser, former Treasurer of the United States, writes from Jacksonville, Fist @ correspondent of the Capital : “ As yousay,¥0 ‘have many strangers,’ and they are enjoying our heavenly climate hugely. This is, indeed, wonderful season. Vegetation is a monthin advance of the usual time. The weather hasnot been cold enough here to turn the color of the leaves of some of the deciduous trees, and the new are now forcing off the old ones. Many of these trees, ike the mulberry, are now in full new foliage. The orange and lemon trees haves since Christmas, sent out new shoots more thal a foot long, and many of these trees are now i full bloom, filling the air with thelr delicious fragrance.” A New York Times reporter had 2 com veraation with Mr. William Méller, wbo was few years ago at the head of one of the sugar refineries in the city: ‘aca noe “Will you explain what ‘glucose’ fs, an sugar 1s adulterated with it?” asked the Te. porter. “Glucose,” answered the refiner, ‘is made from corn-starch, which is diluted with & soa quantity of water. together with enough ox! n08 acid to‘cut’ it. This mikes a Cage substance very much like white gum. It will readily ofr bine with sugar or sirup, giving 2 Vel peed flattering appearance. ‘The ae les aad made into a di ywder, and * 9 rotined low-grade gugars can easily be adulier ated with it.’ G. A. Saxa madeaniche for himself in the temple of fame when he said the newspapers were the greatest in America. this will be duly remembered to his credit when his obituary notice is made up. May the day be far distant! REPRESENTATIVE Brxcuas, of Philadel phia, has introduced a bill in the House st ‘Washington to provide for marking the position’ of the regiments and batteries on the fleld of Gettysburg which were engaged alge’ action. Tho bill authorizes the Secretary ©