Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 4, 1880, Page 4

7! 1 " a a iW ¢ dj | 2 £ Pensanco.!” THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: TIIURSDAY, MARCIL 4, 1880. Che Tribune TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. * E—POS RPAID. BY MAIT—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGR eae ‘Connty. Tomvitances ‘may be made either by draft, express, Poat-Ofice order, or In reaisterad letter, at Our Fisk, TO CITY SUNSCHIBERS. Daily, dolivered, Banday excepted, 25 cents per.weok, Dally, dotivored, Sunday included, 80 conta per week. Addross THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Comer Madison atid Dearborn-ate,, Chicago, 1h, PVOSTAGH, Entered at the Post-Optes at Onieago, 1M as Becond- Claas Buster. For the benefit of our patrons who desire to aend single coptes of THR TRINtNE through the mall, we ive herewith tho transient rato of postage: Domestic, Fightand Twelve Paga 1's Sixteen axe Hapor. Wght and Twolva Page Haper. biztecn Lage Paper ., TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES, J 1 par CmbAGo TRINUXK hee exabitsned brnnh | omicas for ‘tho rocoipt of subscriptions und advertise~ monta as follows: NEW YORK-—Itoom 2) Tribune Bullding, F. 1. Me~ Wappen, Manayor. GLASGOW, Sootland—Allan'’s Amorican Agoncy. 81 Henflold-at, LONDON, Eng.—Amertoan Exobange, 419 Btrand, Hanty ¥. Gitta, Agent. WABLINGTON, 1, C.—0110 F street. Nowe aioe ! AMUSEMENTS. Hoaley's Thentre. Randolph streot, hotween Clark und LaSalle, Ene megomentof Maggio Mitchell, "Jane Byre.” Ifaveriy’s Thentre. Dearborn stroot, corner of Monroe. Engagement of D'oyly Cartes’ Opern Company, "Tho Pirates of MeVicker'a Thentre. Madison atreat, between Denrborn and State, Fn~ gagoment of Mr. Clinton Hall, “The Btratexiste."* Hamitn’s Thentres Clark etreet, between Washington and Randolph, Engagomont of Atlss Minnie Watmur. Hosrding- School.” Kershey Muste-Tiutt. Madion streot, between Dearborn und State. En- tortainmant by Prof, Roynolds, . THURSDAY, MARCIE 4, 1890. Tum great Brooklyn bridge has already cost $11,250,000, and It will take $2,500,000 mord to complete the structure. —s : | Tue Mon. Edward McPherson, of Peun- ‘eylyania, suceceds George C, Gorham, of California, as Chairman of the Nationa Re |publican Congressional Committee. JuLrs Fenny’s Educational bill fa Ukely to pasa the French Senate without serous inodifieation, Al attempts to amend the ‘antl-sectarian cliuse of the bill have falted 80 far. ‘Tun House Appropriations Committee will Tecommencd that $12,500 be given for the fin- provement of the harbor of Chleago. ‘There isyno question but the $100,000 required to completa tho new Custom-Ifonse will be granted. Gun. MELIKorF, having assumed the reins of government In Russla, which the Czarhas practleally abdicated, hus becoine the target ofthe Nihilist, Tho Chiet of the Suprema Exeentive Commission was fired at yester- day afternoon, but, as might be oxpected, he suffered no hurt. The would-bo assastn Is in custody. . Tue City Council innde an appropriation for twenty-tive additional polieamen last syoning, ‘I'he increase, is Ald, Swift stated, was puroly In the interest of Aldermanic patronnge, Tho Lawlor-Cullerton crowd will hold the twenty-flve batons as 9 tempt- ing bait to the blowers and strikers who are to asslat in their efforts for rettection noxt month,’ * ——— Tne debate on Senator Monr’s resolution {n roference to the high-handed proceedings of the Louisiana Legislature In suspending some of its members for slening the Kellogg memorilalis likely to bring forth many State rights declarations from the Confederate Brigadiers, They are reported as quite anery atthe thought of questioning the rights of the soverolgn State of Louisiana, Tue debate on the Fitz John Porter case was resumed in the Senate yesterday, Mr. Logan reamed his remarks, claiming that Congress has no authority to order the re- houting or retrial of a case after atrial has been had and the President has approved a sentence; and characterizing tho bill as In- tended not so much to remove tho stain on Porter’s honor as to vote hin $60,000, Tire Washington Post is suthority for tha statement that at a meeting of prominent Democrats held In New York last Saturday Mr. Tilden declared himself a candidate for the Demooratle nomination, Io is reportod assaying that he owes Itto his friends, as well as to the othor candidates for the noml- nation, in order that all doubts about his can- didacy should bo set at rest, Tue Cook Connty Demveratic Central Conwmittec have dono a very sensible thing In tho adoption of a resolution urging upon Congress tho enlargement of the Illinois & Michigan Canalas a measure of yust Ine portance to the city, the State, and the people of the entlre Northwest; and In requesting tho Mayor and other prominent Democrats to attend tho canal inceting to be held at Ottawa, IIL, on tho 18th inst. A strong and earneast movernont by the Illinois delegntion in Congress in support of this measure ts what fs wanted to bring it into the prominence to which its linportunce entitles It, ee + AN additlonal report ling been inade by Maj.-Gon, Weight, Chief of Engineers, on the subject of establishing dims and reser volra for the purpose of rendering tha Upper Mississippl navigable throughout tho stim mor season of low water, It-Is shown tint the plnn is feasible, and that through Sts operation a reserve amounting to 60,000,000, 000 cuble feet of water can be accumuluted and mde avallable for doubling the depth of the river after the ith of July, Tho frat cost of the propose! system {3 estlmated ut $400,000, and the annual expense of operation thoreatter about $7,840, _ Tux Engltsh ‘Torles do not ‘propose to allow tho lust session of the present Parlia- went to pass without turning Uielr majority to future advantage, Six of the pocket borougts in Great Britain and treland have some thne sluce been deprived uf Marllament- ary representation for notorious and tlagrant corruption. ‘The ‘Torles propose to redlstrib- lite tive of these seats among the Citles of Shefield, Bristol, aud Dublin, one of the London constituencies, and the County of Cork, Euch of those -plices is now repro- sented by two Liberal members, except Dub- Jin. By making them “ thrye-cornered con- _ sUtuencles,” the Torles expect to be able to elect ene meinder cach from BleMeld, Bris tal, Cork County, and London, aud two from the City of Dublin, o3 in “ three-cornered constittencies” tho minority-representation plan prevails, Thus tho Torles would be ablu to gain fivesents. It has not beon de- elded whore the sixth seat shall go, but evi- dently it will be where Lt will do the Torles most good, ——— ‘Tre Chineso question is Hkely to give the Cabinet membera somo trouble, A deputn- tion representing the Chinese Six Companies jg sald tobe preparing to visit Washington for the purpose of urging on the United States Governnient, through the Chinese Le- gation, the duty imposed on it by the Bur ingame treaty to protect Chinese eftizens residont in thiscountry. Secretary Evarte ts understood to have stated that the local authoritics in California were ablo to pro- tect the Chinese fn that State, and that no disturbances have yet ocourred which would warrant the interference of,the United States Government, Ox the recommeniation of the Duke of Marlborough and Mr. Lowther, the English Government has decided to propose the re newal of the Peace Proservation act for Ire- land. Dy the provisions of this act all per sons are prohibited from boating arins ox- cept by speclal liconso from the Lord-Lieu- tenant; and the police foreo may arrest with- out warrant any parties who appear sbrond after 8 o'clock fn the evening, and who are suspected of harboring any malicious Inten- tions against the peace and quiet of “that portion of hor Majesty's dominions called Ireland.” ‘The “obstrnetionists’? will yigor- ously uppose the renowal. Lieut. Wyse, of tho French navy, thinks that Americans aro particularly Interested in the construction of the Panna Canal, and says thatit was lils Intention from the first to form in this country 8 company with that object in view. ‘He says further that the work should be carried on in such o way as to mect the approval of the people of the United States, always. provided it did not interfere with terms on which he obtained concessions from the United States of Colom- Din, through whose territory the proposed canal Is to pags. From other statements made by Lieut. Wyse It appears that he and Do Lesgeps are not at present In very hearty uecord, = ‘Tur constitutlonal amendment in favor of prohibition which passed the Lower Mouse of the Iowa Lexisinture does not seem to meet with the same favor In the Senate, One member of that body wanted to exelude ale, beer, wine, and cider made In the State from the prohibitory clause, but falled of success, Anamendment providing that the protilbl- ton should not apply to wines used fur sae- ramental purpases or any kind of Hauer used for eulinary purposes passed. ‘This action will rendor It necessary to return the measure tothe Lower House, Many ladies were present yesterday to use thelr sweet volces and gentle persuasion In favor of the prohibltory amendment, Tue people of Colorado will doubtless be gind to lenrn that the United States Govern- ment has concluded arrangements by which the Ules will ceie thelr reservations In that State and move to other parts, The South- ern Utes will be settled on the banks of the Ta Pints River in New Mexico; the White River Utes will probably be settled on tho Uintah Reservation in Utah; and the Un- compahgres on tie banks of the Grand River, In the sume ‘Territory. After all these nr- rangements are carried ont the Colorado frontieramen will enjoy much groater ense and be cunselous of much more security than heretofore, ‘How the people of New Mexico and Utah will ike thelr naw neighbors is at present o matter of some uncertainty. Apsonisunp by the ndvice of Gen. Smith, the attorney of the Board, that they haye no power to yote gifts or gratuities, even for past services, the West Park Commisstoners yesterday rescinded their setion in voting back pay to Commissioners Woolard and Wood, Both of these gentlemen vigorously opposed the votlig of salaries to any mem- ber ot the Bonrd, and declared they would not accept any gratuity voted to themselves, It {s!-to be regretted that thelr excellent example and counset should have no greater welxht with their ssyocintes In the Board, a majority of whom are evidently firm believers In the right and propriety of voting themselves stich gratuities or rates of compensation as they muy happen to feel Ike taking. ‘Luts dispatch from New York is rathor slunifiennts Tie Brooklyn topublienn General Committeo Jase ulght, bya voto of 8 toi, Infd on the table tho resolation approving Grant and the Utes Convention, The Conkling machine mate the packed delegates from Brooklyn at the Utica Con- vention yote for the resolutton instructing tho Blatne delegates to the Chicago Conven- tlon to support Grant anda third term. The Brooklyn General Comuittea is elected by all the Republican Clubs nnd Associations In that clty, and represents thoir sentiments, It seems, then, that the General Committee, re- fleeting the sentiments of the Ward Agsocin- tons, have emphatienlly disapproved of the ‘Utlen resolutions approving Grant and in- atrueling the Blaine delegates to vote for him at Chicago, The machine has overdone tho packing and misrepresenting business in New York, — It will be found at the Chicago Convention that more than one-third of the New York delegation will by vote and in- duence oppose Third-Termism. ee Tue majority of the City Counell who voted away $450,000 of the “sacred” fund, the result of so many yenra of saving and economy in tho administration of the elty Hinances, and through which the city has been dellyored from bankruptey, deelare that the Controller upproved of that application of the funds. This is not true In the senso in which It is asserted, ‘The Controller estlmated to the City Council that the total sum needed to be raisod by taxation for general muntictpal purposes was $1,857,500, nnd if the levy was fixed at that sum thon $450,000 of tho reserva fund might be used, ‘The 3 per cant tax Ihalt will yleld $2,357,000, The tax estimated by the Controtler was about $500,000 less than the 2 per cent limit, ‘The majority of the Council, however, have approprinted the §450,000 frum the reserve fund in addition to tho whole sun posstble to be ralsed under tha 2 per cent tax, ‘The Con- troller was willing to give the $430,000 ns is eash fund in addition to his estimate of 81,+ 857,000 tax Jevy,-but notin addition ta the tax lovy of $3,857,000, ‘The difference In tho circumstances 13 a muteriat one, and the pro- pricty of taking the money rests eatirely upon tie streuinsanses under which It hasbeen taken, Norics hus been served upon the rele dents of the South Division that the Board of Publle Works Js now prepared to furnish certificates for the correct nunibers of hoitses un all tho streets south of ‘Tweifth street, according to tho uniforin system: adopted by the Common Counell ast December, The plan fs elmply that of Allotting onc hundred numbers to each block, beghining with the nitmeral which desiguates the frst streot north of the numbered house. ‘Thus, the houses between Twelfth and Thirteenth strocta WI be numbered between 1200 and. 1300; the nitmbers botween Thirteenth and Fourteenth will be between 1500 and 1400; and a0 on. ‘The householders should maka the necessary changes promplly (1) beeause the sooner the system shall bo generally adopted the better {t will be for all con- cerned, nnd (2) because the certificates for numbers will be furnistied free of: cost dure tng the next. sixty days, after whieh # pennt- ty of $6 will be assessed pon the delinquents. ‘This is n matter, too, whieh should command the attefitton of the publishers of Unis year’s Directory, whteh, If Issued in May, will bo out before there shall be a complete change fn the numbors, ‘The Directory publishers should arrange to obtain the new numbers from tha Board of Publlo Works, and In thetr edition for 1890 they should print tho old numbers In brackets, ns well as the new numbers, In order to make thelr work a per fect guide, —_—_—_ Wuen It comes to squandering money and protecting monopolists, then representatives in Congress of both parties hunt in couples, Under the new rues the Comimittes on Pub- Ne Buildings and Grounds and the Committeo on Commerce are endowed with authorityol reporting appropriations, ‘The Commerce Committee will naka way with extra mill fons on rivera and harbors and leveo jobs, Inatend of practicing economy, the alm and purpose of their Congressional existence will be to keep up tariff and other taxes at the highest point to procure money for favorit speoulntive contractors, political chums, and coparceners to squander, The Public Bulld- ings Committee will be on the constant look- ont for places that are supposed to need Gov- ernment buildings. ‘hese Jobs will eut up fat for the members and tho contracting rings they will stand in with—regular little bonanzns,—whilo the river, harbor, and lovee jubs will revive the Credit-Mobiliers, The Committes on Agrictiture—n regular hinnbug cominittee—is also endowed with authority to report appropriation bills, and Jt it does not exalt Its power at the expense of the Treasury woe will be most ngreenbly dis- appointed. It will set its wits at work, under: the fraudulent pretense of promoting azri- culture, to Invent sehemes for depleting tha Treasury and enriching its outside partners andsateliites, Four Committees, numbering some fifty members, will now pool their issues nnd log-roll together for the robbery of the taxpayers. The new rules have opened ® now era of scandalous legislation and treasure-squandering, and they were devised for that express purpose, and wil) not disap polnt thelr {) tor: BAYARD'S DISUNION RECORD, Mr. Titden has begun his Prestdential eam- palgn by killing off rival candidates for the Democratie nomination. Senator Bayard Is the first vietlu in this new slaughter of the Innocents, He ling had hls head lopped off at one blow of the mighty Samuel's battle-nx. 'The Job is complete In Bayard’s case; he Is nothing now but a" putrid reminiscence.” ‘The quiet but effective way which Mr Tilden has chosen for disposing of Mr. Bayard Is the reproduction in the columns of the New York Sun of an antl-War speech delivered by Bayard at a Pence Convention held in Dover, Del, on June 27, 1801, We republish the speech in another column, At the thne this Convention was. held, and Afr, Bayard delivered Ils speech, there was no longer mny question of compromise on a Union basis, Efeven Sonthorn States tind seceded and formed anewConfederacy, Tho first guns of the War had been fired. Presl- dent Lincoln had called for the threc-years’ ‘volunteers. ‘Tho arinies were virtually ar rayed against each other,—the patriots on ong side, the Rebels on the other. The only alternative was to acknowledge the right of Seeesston claimed by the Southern States and assent to the*dissolutten of tho Unton, orto restat the attempt to break down the Government and defend the Union by force of anns. ‘The present Senator Bayard’s father then represented the State of Delaware in the United States Senate, and find taken strong ground against * coercing” thoseced- ed States to return to their alluglanee. A meeting had been held {In whieh the Union nen of the State had condemmed the elder Dayard’s course, and called upon him to re- sign because hoe misrepresented the people of Delaware. The “Peace Convention" nt Dover was called to give expression to tho disunion -sentiment In tho State. Resolutions were adopter nt this Convention demanding’ “the acknowledgment of the Independence of the Confederate States,” approving the course of Senator Bayard, denouncing the call for his resignation as a * menneo,” and advising him to treat ft with “the scorn and contempt which Jt merits from every honorable man? Not a word of veneration for the Union was uttered at this Con- vention, but Lincoln was denouncad asa “perurer,’ a “traitor,” and a “despot,” and hearty cheers were given for Jef Davis and the Confederate States. It was at this enthering where homns F. Bayard, tho present Senator from Delawnre, nade tho speech which wo reproduce elsewhere, Mr. Bayard understood as clearly os any nian the issue he was discussing, Ilo stated plaluly tn his specel that “but two alterna tives presented themselves,” which he formu- Aated In the following langunge:.“Shall wo make war upon and subjugate this new Con- federacy, or shall we peacefully treat with thom and consent to their self-government?" He advocated tho latter course In the strong- est terms ho could command, and denounced the former course na unconstitutional, cruel, and destined to certain’ failure, He maintained that “a reign of terror” had been established in the North to secure devotion to the Unlon. We de> nounced the “{nsolonco and oppression” of encamplng Union troops, “not of our State,” upon the” peacoful soil” of Delaware, Te characterized the Union papers of the North a8 a profligate and Jawless preas,” and the Unton papers of the South as “equally shameless nnd corrupt.” Ho polnted to Canada and Mexico os Instances of the possibility of Hyingin peace wilh forelgn neighbors, and asked: “ Why may not two Amortcan Confederneles exist side by site without contest?” Hoe declared that the War “inaugurated by Abraham Lincoln and Als Cabluct * would prove more disastrous to the North than to the South, Ho recognized the declared Independencs of the Confeder- ney, and erled out * In tha nuine of Heaven, let us raise our volee for 1.” Hocontentded that It wags inconsistent to malntalu that the seeeded States were still members of the Union and yet to invade thelr territory for tho purpose of cuinpelllng them to respect thetr allegiance, “You and 1," he anid to his nutitors, “are eltizens of Delaware, and to her laws and governinent we owe alle glance.” He condemned tho “caprice or tyranny of our temporary rulers,” and de nounced the war nieasures of the Govern mentas “shnple uaurpations, not only with: out cblor of Inw, but agningt express righta,’” He manifested throughout the entire speech the most lively sympathy with Secession, and intimated {0 mere than one sentence that he only uwalted action on the part of his own State to jolu his destiny with that of Jet Davis. Whether or not Mr. Tilden hag instigated the republication of Bayard’s antl-Union speech at this tine, is a party affalr, Itis charged that Mr. Pilden’s agents have been making dlligent search for the speech during some tine past, and its appearance In the col- tumus of the Suz certainly xlves color to the statement that it has been reproduced by Br, Tilden’s command, Tho Democrats enn set- tle this family matter anjong thomselves. What matnly concorns the Nation fs that one of the most conspicuous of the Democratic candidates for President was an avowed disuntonist, that he publiely resented the inensures that wero taken to pre serve the Union, and that he mada the following declaration {nan ant!-Union Con- yentlon: “ Let us, as freemen, stand prepared fn all Iawfnl ways to reatst the Inauguration of stich a condition of things [tho “milltary deapotism’? to anve the Unton}, no matter how plausible or specious may bo the ples under which it {8 urged.” Mr. Tilden may have selfish motives in bringing Mrs Bayard’s antl-Union record to the surface at this time, but this record Itself will certainly prevent the election of Thomas F. Bayard ag Presl- dont of the Union which he was once s0 will- ing to seo destroyed rather. than have tho vicious delusion of State-soverelgnty dissi- pated or his Southern friends whipped into their foraworn alleglance. —— ANOTHER EXHIBITION OF SOUTHERN LOYALTY! Thero was a notable gathering of Colonels and Brigadiers in Charleston, 8. C., on the 241 of February, assembled togethor at bane qiets to celebrate the birthday of Washing- ton. The Palmetto Guards hnd.n banquetat which the Lost Canse was glorified, art's Battery had a banquet at which an embossed copy of the resolution of thanks froin the Confederate Congress was presented to them. Waller's Battery had a banquet at which the toasts were: “Tho Confederate Artillery,” “The Confederate Infantry,” “ The Confed- erate Cavalry,” the “Whole Confedernte Ammy,” and the “Lost Cause.” The re- sponses to the tonsts wero Confederate in character and furnish a striking comment upon the patriotism and loyalty of South Carolina, about which there is so inuch bluster at present. So far as Washington or Wushington’s birth- day was concerned, they might a3 well have been celebrating the birthday of the Emperor of China, as no allusion was made to elther during the celebration, Among tho speeches, nil of which sounded the praises of the Confederacy, was one by Col. James Armstrong, which is conspleuots forfustian, bombast, and disloyalty. We make a single extract from thig romarkablo rhetorical bosh: ‘Tho Southern Cross with the bright store bas disuppenred Crom the sky of freedom, but, though hidden from view, it still sbines in the broad firmament of Fawo's proud templo, ‘The shield and crest of the Confederacy uo longer unpeur nanmiong tho heraldry of nations, but tho principle involved in tie abru though Hh eul- mulnnted in defeat, can never bring the blush of shame to the cheek or cause us to foc! othor than prowtd when tho recollection of the War onus buck to us Ilo a Uright dream of happy ny "Bs “The sky of freedom”$ What kind of freedom? Tho freedom of secession; the freedom to destroy the American Union; the freedom ta buy, and sell, and own, and Insh negroes; the freedom to maintain and perpetuuts human glivery; the freedom to establish a Southoru Confederacy with slave- ry asits corner-stone, “The shicld andercat of the Confedericy no longer appear among the heraldry of nations’! When did they ever appear there ? What nation ever recog- ulzed the Southern Confederacy? What pa- tentute on the face of the earth, except tho Paoye, ever recoguized it? and how soon after did he lose his own temporal power? “Iho principle involved remalis 1 What prinel- ple? Tho principle of secession, of State rights, of slavery, is what remained to those Brigadiers on the birthday of Washington, who emancipated his own slaves, who ulways deplored human slavery, and who was the Father of tho Country which thoy sought to rend asunder, Ie left as a legacy to that country his advice as to the best manner of preserving It In perpetuity, and these Briga- dlera meet together and bonst that thoir efforts to destroy It do not “bring a blush of shame to their checks’! After such a shame- ful inanifestation as this, Is it remarkable that the North falls to understand what the South means by loyalty to the Union? AN EXCLUS\VE GOLD CURRENCY. The newspapers which aidvoente the de- monetization of greenbacks and of silver urge that polley with what must seem to an Impartial observer to bo extraordinary btlnd- ness. The New York Thaca, In a recent nttmber, enlls attention to the fnet that, while there Is no falling off in our exports, the val- umo and value of our hinperis have so Ine creased ay to threaten the destruction of the balanco of trade which hos been for some years In our favor. It with great gravity asserts “that, (f this eiango continues long enough, there will be a tendency of gold awny from us. After arguing very Ineidly the early probability of such a reversal of ourypalance between Jmports and exports, and the necessity that may como for export ing gold, that paper proceeds: Ag soon a8 A consideritlo demand arises for gold too abroad, we shall sev the renl churneter Of the hw of 18 vompela tho Treasury to pny out and keep Jn cireulation tho legal-tenders revolved by It, "Phls tuw practlunlly multiplies Indotaitly’ the power of the greenbuvks to amow yotd from the Treasury. ‘Fhe demi hgainel which # reservo must by kept can never bu measured, It doed not depend on the wnount of notes outstanding, but on tho number of thnes which cach of these notes muy be ex+ changed fur gold und then sont in to be aguln exclitaed Up tw the present Ume the sature of this law has been eonceuled by tho. tact thoratus heen no demand fer gold, Notes, #0 far Crom being sont to the Tronaury for gold, notually beara premfum ip most parts of Hon, and buye done go even in New York uired In luce wmounté. But let a real demand for gald urivo from any source, and thle Hlusory superlurity of the notes, this Aphareutly. Inherent value and ulllity of thom, will disap. peur, and with grout rupldily, The remedy for this lamentable condition of affairs iy to tnke from the greenbacks their legal-tander function and to rotlre the notes permanently. The greonbacks, whether allowed to retain thelr legal-tender quality or not, will remain to be redeemed all tho sane, and we knew of no more certnin ex- pedient to force them upon the Treasury for redemption than to deprive thent of thelr legal-tentter quality. Once deprived of that quality, they would of necessity be presented nt the ‘Treasury for redemption In gold, which then would be, practically, the only debt-paying currency of the country, How this would arrest the departure of gold to puy foreign balances Is not so clear, unless the procond@ing should so para- Jyze business that Lmportations would cease and we would ayold adverse balances by sus- pending lmportations, The demand for gold for esport In nowlse depends upon the fact that the legul-tonder money of this country Js gold, or allver, or paper, if these be con- yertiblo on demand. If thoro be an adverse balance we will. have to pay it in coin, whether we have greenbacks or not, Bo Jong, however, ag the grecnbacks are a legal- tendorforalldebt-paying purposes, theamount of gold freed from domestic clreulation and available for export must be proportionately inereased, If the greenbecks and the allver be demonetized and the entire debt-paylng money of ‘tha country be reduced to gold, and the domand for this for export continue, will the Times explain ln what possible way the comparatively sinall sumof gold Inthe country will furnish agufitelency of currency for the busincas of tho United States ? ‘The proposition is to blot out of existence abowt $400,000,000 of legal-tender currenvy,— for the schemo Includey the silver money,— and to put nothing in its place. If the Treasury will besubjected to arun forgold by thehold- ers of legal-tenider paper, the run for gold by the holders of non-legal-tender bank paper snust bo vastly more rapid; and, when the line perlous demand for gold shall have forced both Jegal-teuder and noa-legal-tender paper out of oxistence, In what possible way will the country be benefited or the flow of gold to pay adverse foreign balances, bo checked ? Woean understand how this condition of affairs will Inctensy the purchasing powor of gold; how ft will Increase the value of mortgages and of interest on bonds; how it will reduce the value of ol! property mens- ured by dear golds but wo do not understand that such results ns there are dealred by the country or are ndvisable as n National policy. ‘rho country docs notwish tho “ Gold-Room” to be retstablished in New York, nor does ft wish to seo the value of labor and of its prod- ucts diminished by a famine In the only money recognized by Inw. The country lins hod a terrible and costly experience of an in- fated anddepreciated currency. It has no de- aire for tho contrary, but none the less crush- ing, experience of such a scarcity of debt-pay- ing money ag to amount to confisentton. ‘The people af the Unton are not disposed to enter wantonly and causelesly upon the experiment of having but one form of Iegal money, and that the searcest of all others, ‘There is nota commercial nation in Europe which Hmite Its Jegal-teniler or deht-payIng money to gold. No nation of any magnitude could maintain its solvency and exclude all other forms of legal money. Its gold must be supplemented by a sufficiency of legal-tender silver or of legal-tendor paper, the Intter convertible on domand. If.thore bo no legal-tender money other than gold, then Unat gold will of neces sity be hoarded and drop ont of circulation as currency, Will the Now York Times explain how tho flight of gold to pay adverse forelgn balances wil be arrested by taking from the green- backs thelr legnl-tender quality? Jf tho theory be that the Government cannot maine tain specle-payments without retiring tho greenbacks, then it must rest on the ground that the credit of the United States !s not equal to the snlo of a4 or 4!¢ or even ad per cont bond; for It Is only on a fallare of the public credit that the Government can, be forced to suspend speele-payments, ANOTHER GREAT WORK FINISHED, The completion of the work of perforating Mount St. Gothard, as announced by tho foreign dispatches, signalizes tho suecess of another great scientific feat of engineering skill, The tunneling of this mountain was the outgrowth of the success which attended. the tunneling of Mont Cents. ‘The one made the other not only possible, but easily practicable, as the contractor had not only the experiences of the French tunnel to gulde hhin, but in this age of rapld acientilic inyentlon improved drilling machinery to work with, 6o that in less time by over five yeurs than wag consumed at Mont Cenls he has bored the longest tunnel in the svorld and at much less expense than attended the Mont Cents or Hoosne, A comparison be tween thesa three tunnels showa that the Mont Cenls, length elght miles, cost $15,000,- 000 and was thirteen years in building, The Tloosac tunnel, only four and three-fourths tiles long, cost $13,000,000 and was eleven years in building; while the St. Gothard, nine and o quarter miles long, has “been bored in seven and @ half years and cost $9,700,000, The St. Gothard route was originally adopted because it commences in the very heart of Switzerland, nnd, after piercing the mountains, terminates at the Maxgaiore and Lugano Lakes, where it will minke direet connection with the Itallan lines and Genoa, Tt was projected by the German; Swiss, and Itallan Governments, which in 1872 con- eluded a treaty determining all the data re- lating to the construction, route, and connee- tions, and the three Powers agreed to con- tribute the following amounts: Italy, $9,000,- 000; Switzerland, $4,000,000; and Germany, $4,000,000,—thu total cost of the whole route being $45,000,000, of which the tunnel con- sumes 80,700,000. ‘Tho Company was organ- Ized in tho spring of 1872, and M. Favre was the successful bidder for the contract. The plans and prepirations were speedily com- pleted, nnd the work commenced 4n the fall of tho same year, and has been pushed throngh to completion with remakablo rapid- Ity and success, With regard to the con- struction of the tunnel, tho Now York Tunes, in an article describing it, says; Tho ongincor posscascd suvorn) may anita everthoe enginecr of the Mont Cenis line. He bad the experlenca of that grent work as 1 Ruldey iinproved and tested machinery from the start, whe machinery was not employed In the Mont ip nt al wnsil the fifth year of tho constriction; and the use of dynamite and othor explosives not known until tho MontConis wan far advanced. It was possible, moreover, to altk a considerate wutuhor of abntts mong tho Hne of tha St. Gothard in ease tt became necessary, but the ocensiun did not arise. Vers Kettle hurd labor was cmployeds almost: nono after the two “ycars, Tho Dubols-Francols perforators were first used, Making un aversge advances of 6.03 Ineal too per diy. They were succeeded by Ferroux's, and the datly adyanco was inereused to 1011 fot, Thon the michinos of two or threo in- yentors were placed and worked together on tho mune earringo to teat thelr capielty. Dy this meuns the utmost of advance poxslble wus sevured, and exporiontal results, were ob- tained which will bo of great valuo in further enterprises of tunneling. It $8 catimated Uint revetement waa necessary for about one-hit tho length of tho tunnel, “The ditonitios tn tho way of caving and of water-irruptions wore miich grenter tban wero met with in the prose. eution of work on tho Mout Conis route, which was apeelully free trom springs, Up ta Jane 1, 1877, the hendliny of the Bt. Gothard, which was driven at the top about clght foot square, hid ‘boon varriod 1228 fout, and it was thon pro- dicted that the tunnol would be complotod tu tho summer of 1870, Apart from the great success which has ate tended this work as an flustration of the wonderful engincering skill of our time, it must be considered Ins commercial and po- litical way as the most Important Interna- tional work that has yet beon projected upon the Continent, and its Influences upon the re- lations of tho uropoan Powers in the futuro tunst be very far-renching. Prior to the con- struction of the Mont Cents tunnel tho trade oud travel between Italy and Northern and Northwestern Europe were monopolized by the passes, all of which spanned the Alps he- tween Switzerland and Italy, ‘The comple- tion of tha Mont Cents tunnel, how- ever, was a blow to thls monopoly and a cotnmerclal disnster -to ‘Itnly and Switzerland, the effests of whieh wore 80 speedy realtzed that those two Gov- ernmenta at once set about the negotintlons that have resulted in the Gothard tunnel), and that havo now placed Haly tn direct: connee- tlon with Switzerland, Germany, Northwest- ern France, and In fact with all Northern and Western Europe, by a tine which runs through the heart of Switzerland into the very heart of Germany, and ts the most dlrect route from tho valley of the Rhine to the Mediterranean Sea, The fmmense com mercial advantages of such s route will be apparent ata glance, ant the part it must play In developing the trado of the area be- tween the Mediterranean and Gerjan Seas in Italy, Switzerland, and Germany, The tuunel will play a scarcely Jess Im- portant part in the future politica’ compllen- ons of Europe, Prior to the complytion of tho St, Gothard tunnel Germany had no direct communication with Italy, except over the route which Cesar, Hannibal, and Nupo- leon traveled at the cost of Infinit labor and dolay, Franco has direct communication un- dor Mont Cents and Austria by two railroads, running over high grades and through short tunnela,—the one from Verona to Innsbrack and Munich, and the other from Venice to Vienna, ‘There aro also two roads from Ttaly to France,—one from Turin to Lyons, and the other from Genoa to Nice and Mar sellles, Germany, however, was isolated, In caso of trouble Italy could not get to Germany except through Franco or Austria, or by climbing the Alps, and Italy js tho natural ally of Germany. Incase of war botween Franco and Rusals on the one hand and Gertnany on the other, tho Importance of this communteation will bo scen at once. In reniity, the immense ad- vantages fre so apparent that they hardly need to be Indicated. Tho new route is to altintonts and purposes the math artory of Continontal Europe, through which must flow an Immense commerce in time of pence, —Stself n guarantee of peace. THE PAPERMAKERS' MEETING, Some dozen or more representatives of paper-milla met atthe Grand Pacific Motel on ‘Tuesday for the purpose of again silvanc- Ing the price of paper and drawing up a pro- test to Congress agatnat relleving the book, magazine, and nowapaper publishers of any part of the present tax on Imported paper. ‘The papermakers concluded not to an- notnce tinother advance in tho price of paper at present, ns {binight havea bad effect on tho protest to Congress against relieving the publishers of the oncrons duty on print, ‘The Association complain of the tax paper- makers have to pay on soda-nah and other taxed articles which they use inthe manu- facture of thelr goods, but they peremptorily refused to Join the publishers in asking Con- gress to remove such burdensome and inju- tious imposition, Why dtd thoy refuse? ‘They have not told the reason, ‘The Association complain that wood pulp has been advanced in price on them by the patent monopoly owned in part by Russell of Mns- sachusetts and Millor of New York, members of Congress, and if the papefmakers [import any wood pulp fcony Canada thoy are taxed 20 per cent thereon, But thoy deeline to join the publishers In prnying Congress to remove this 20 per cent taxon wood pulp, Why do they decline? If that tax wero re moved which ylelds no revenue they could purehase Canadian pulp 20 per cent cheaper than It now costs them, and thareby be ablo to manufacture and sell paper somo two cents a pound chenper than they are dolng. They would only have to purchnso 9 com- paratlyely little Canadian wood pulp to break down tho patent monopoly prices established by Russell,. Miller & Co., members of Congress, But the Northwest- ern Paper-Making Association refused to lift a Mnger or utter o word In behalf of chenper chemicals or cheaper stock, but de- vote thelr protest to whining about the “rise in rags” and paper-stock, and the tough tines they had passed through before tho “boom” strnck them, The general system of “protection,” they all sang in chorus, was too snered a thing to be touched, and must be defended at all hazards by all protected Interests. ‘To this end they propose to send alobby to Washington with thelr protest to infltence members against granting the pub- Ushers any rellef. They insist on malntains ing the 20 per cent tax on publishers, and are willlng to let the patent pulp factories charge them 20 per cent extra for “stock,” as thoy can add it in the cost of paper and make the publishers pay it. They don't want the duty on chemicals repealed, as that woul remove one of thelr protexts ‘for oxacting high prices fot print-paper, It never occurs to these gentlemen that pub- Ushers have no “protection.” They are not beneficiaries in thosystem of robbery that varl- ous Interests have set up, but simply sub- jects of plunder, The type-founders have In- duced Congress to Impose a heavy tax on publishers to enable them to’ charge one- third more than tholr typo Is worth. The publishers have subinitted (6 bo thus fleeced, and have “worked” to return the membors of Congress who were guilty of the swindle upon thom, or guilty of keeping It on them, Thoy Nave also “worked” to redlect the members who fmposed and who retain the taxon paper on them. This Congress wilt probably adjourn with that rascally tax un- repented, and the honorable gents who will loave it unrepealed will expoct tholr grateful party press to whoop and hurrah them back to Washington, to extol thelr ablilties and usefulness, nid défend thom against the at- tacks of their opponcnts and competitors. We have nineteen of those Ionorables rep- resenting Iilnols, threa of whom are from Chieage, The papor-mills and pulp-fadtortes are bonsting that they control the votes of soveral of them, Woshall seo and make a note of It, —_—_—_ 'Tn® substitute for the old system of po- Mittenl riders on appropriation bills authorized by tho rules of tho Houae, udopted in tho now rules on Morrison's motion, reads as fullows: No appropriation stinll bo reported in any gen- eral approprintion bill or bo in order as an amendment thoreta for any oxpenditures not previously authorized by law, unless In continu ation of nppropriations fer sich publlo works and objects a8 nro wlrondy tn progress; nor shall fny provision In guy auch bill or amendment thereto changing an existing lw be in order ox- cept such as, belng germane to tho subject mnt. terof the HIN, shall. retreneh oxponditures by. revinetion of the number ind antary of ofivera of the United Stutes, by reduction of compensation Of any norton puld out of tho Treasury of the United States, or by reduction of the amountsof money covered by tho bill; provided, that It shall doin onler further to amend such DHL upon ro- port of the Committee having jurisdlation of tho subject matter of auch amendment, which ainondinent, being germano to the subjeut mate ter of tho bill, shall rotronch oxponditures. How thiarulo will work remains to be seon. Murer, the designer and part buildor of the ugly Chicago Custom-fouse, which has cust tivloo what It honestly should have dono, ls out fora third term, Why is It that all that class of chaps aro on the runpago for athind term? Do thoy all expect to bo restored? Is that tho secret of the remarkable unanimity among tho whisky-thloves, tho disgraced ofliccholdors, tho corrupt Jobbers,—the ontire vormin, in short, who disgraced tho last Admintatration pnd broke down the Republican party? Grant's Honest and’ respoctable friends would act wisoly if thoy notified those corruptian acalpora to taka back seats and keep thom, And it would be bottor stil} and more tothe pointif Gen. Grant would authorize hts speolnl frionda: to notify thera wretches to keen out of sight and hearlug. Senaron Inaats4, in his Atchison spoech, referred to ono of his onomics as # “ drunken political tramp," and to another as “a long- hatred hermaphrodite"; sald thut the only omo- tons which animsted bitm wore “ ¢hosa which inapiro tho nifoctionnty mother, who, baving found in the tresses of hor olfspring a louse, orucks it‘on her thumb-nall''; necused the Chivt Justice of the State of “habitually trafiicking injustice, defrauding hia partnor, and Insulting soctoty by hts dograded and Hugrantimes morality,” and Jot his passions got away with hin. generally. A Suuator of tho United States should buve too bigh anider of dignity and devonoy tu permit him to wu ich language. ‘Tie advocates of the wicked quinine tax ure urging that, whoreus the price was $3.60 tu $3.76 bofora tho tax wus repealed, the articlo tp now $5.20, therefore tha tax should be relm- “posed, ‘They aro not claiming that the tax was 4 source of royonuo to the Governmont, aa the Philadelphia manufacturers had secured a mno- nopoly of ‘American consumption and sold thelr quinine Justa shade under the forelyn prica with duty and freight added. Tho tax was thorefore a perpetual subsidy, which enabled ono firm alono to uimasg millions of dollars out of the malariul fever sick poople of the United Btatoa. ‘To tals of restoring such etax is sim- ply wicked, Ficsb and blood can't boar it, a) Secrerany Sienuwan’s plan seems.to be to hold bis strength in the Chicago Convention ‘a8 long 08 possiblo, and wt the proper momont transfer it to some candidate not an openenemy who hag chanoo of winning. He might turn over the majority. vole of Ohio elthor to Llatne or Washbutac, Mn. Rugvs Harcn again pays bis com- pliments Browstor & Co., of Broome street, . aud talks in an exvecdingly practical way. Ho is willing to devote $1,0u0 to establiah two things, Hirst, 2600 that that frm solls carriages otbor than thelrawn second, that they have baught fa Europe and brought to thls country carrisgee and enrringe bodioa which they hava fictitious names. That isn falr, mado without any cireumloentton. and tothe point, and If Drowster & 8014 undop UATE Gftop, Me fs direct Ca, close the controversy with Mr, Hace mele thoir chance, They aught to ba an anes thls, for Mr. Hatch fo. very bard ule 2 Soemenainnne * PERSONALS, Tho Ptineess Tontse ins tonne eqachman that drovo her inton tue bd Queen Victorin will go to Gernany aunimer and visit the tomb of tho beet Allce, who died In 1878, eas Vf the Nihilists really mean business the; should get bis wito to playfully point anu toqted gun at tho Cane, ‘Thte ts 0 dent any thing. aI Whon a militie company {3 organized in Kontueky tho first rofl-call shows about inet; Malors and Cotonels on tho list. ‘Then nines, ing Is hold and ail but enough to offiver the corn, mand reditced to the ranks, = ‘The general antlelpation of a Drosperong yearkna been somewhat checked by the news ‘that Talith O'Gorman, tho cseapen ain, has to covored suffictontly to resume lecturing, Pren tho brightest cloud scoms to have a dark Mning, Mr. William II. Vanderbilt has just sent to tho Treasury $5,500,000 In United States 4 per cent bonds for registry. He bad proviousty hag registercd $26,000,000 in thiskeeurity, Bitlis ey. dently determined to save some money this wine ter and Just turn timself loose on that Kuropean trip noxt summer. ‘Two singular marriages took placereeently At Grinsyilte, Pa. Mr, Smith wasn widower, 7% yoars old. Ho basa aon 2t years old. Mra. Enye dor was a widow, 42 years ald. Sho bas a duugh. tor #1 ycaraold. Mfr. Smith, tho older, married Mrs. Snyder's daughter. Str. Suilth’s son mare ried old Mra. Snyder, Miss Kate Field is in Now York City prov posing tho Ineorporation of 1 company with» capital of $250,000 for tha purpose of establich. ing a Indies’ collparative system of obtalning appnret, Kato hus ovidently conchitod that striped stovkings must coma down In price te. fore n complete reform in the present condition of oppressed woman fs secured, Miss Nelife, daughter of ex-Gov. Iubbard, of Conneeticut, who eloped with her father's ¢oachman sevornl inonths ago, has learned tho dressmaking business, and ts lving happily with hor horsey hueband. ‘Tho old man doesn’t relent hough to apenk of, but bos told Nollic that any timo sho will separate from tho ex-conchman sho will bo received into the family again, Hardly a day passes without an histaneo of men escaping an apparently Inevitable fate, Young Me. Johnson, of Omuha, was engaged to marry Mla# Annio Burke, of tho samo city, and, naturally enough, folt disposed to buele out ag tho wedding-day approached, Io owned agro cory-store, which tho relentless femate temnands ‘oil a the price of his freedom, Bho xot {t; and Johnaon {gs wow working for a small salary, buy ig happy. POLITICAL POINTS. The New York Nation says: “The at Mineo between ‘Tammany Hull and tho Conkling Republicans, which was during tho Twoed perlod tho actual means by which tho elty was governed, was broken up for a few years by tho rising’ against Tweed, but it 13 now us firmly extablisited again as ever." The abolition of the two-thirds rule, tn ous. viow, will give addition power to tho Southern’ States, and for that reason wo shnll bo gind to” ace ttaccomplished. Wo have no fenr that Ib will work ta the ndvantago of Mr. Tilton, ant hnve no iden that he jain any way interested In what ig now propusod.—Chuartcalon (8. 0.) News and Courier (Dent). . Somoof Shorman’s friends in the Baltimore, Custom-Houso have kicked up a big row by ate tempting to fx the primuricsof thocity, Itts sald thut twenty-six ward polittehing hove Intely res colyed.appotntments in the Custome House © £0 tho good of the party." But the Bliine men ar very strong in Bultinore, and thoy iutend to sca fale play, Ey-Gov, Bullock, sald to be ono of four exe Governors doterminod upon as dolegates at larga by tho Grant party in Massachusetts, enys ho will not bo a delegate under any circumstances, Ifo furthor enya: “1 ebatl cordially support the nomines of the Chicary Convention, te it which= over It may, of the following xontlomon, In tho order of iy. preference: fives, W rn Edmunds, Grant, binine, and Sherman. Grant is the candidate presented from or by Miinols, If ho remains a candidate bo fs aura of tho vote of the State. If Grant makes know tho fact that ho will not bo na candidute before tho Chteago Convention, and tho namo of Mre Washburn is presented, thon Wastburno will ot the vote of this State. It would be an un« ear of thing, it would not oven be decent, for he Minis delegation ta act otherwise.—Galew ung (tl) Teepubtiean (ep). Nobody buta consummate fool could ase pire to be n Cresar, menntng by the word n selfs made imporial dictator and founder of a dyuuse ty, in this fatter part of tho ninotcenth century, Mumined with the Hght of ages, Gen. Grant id hot a consummato fool nor anything like It, 1d oven his enemies and calumniators are always ready ta ndinit, Tha tea of tile alain ta bee camen Cieaar fs ony worthy of certaln fouls thot four him or hute him beeause bo did not, whon Presidont, give thom lucrative offices that thoy asked for," They do not belloye that Gran’ wants to bo a Cresar, but thoy can frighicn even Rood nnd xonsiblo men, Whose nerves Are Une stout with the buzbeur of a posalblo Cersnty ttil thoy begin to think of such n thing ng even moro terrible to antietpate than a possible Proaitout ‘Tilden or Bon Hitl.—Patladephia Bule tin (Hvep,). The Now York World says: “Our cis teained Kentucky contompornry, tto Courtere Journal, hus tesucd In behalf of Mr. Tiidon whnd may bo called a uknao ty tho offeot that no mun bo nominated at Cineinnatl in Jung sxoenllng Mr, ‘Titden or somebody designated by Mr, ‘Tile do. Tho Stato ls Grisuerey Parke What tros mondous vonsequences hang on Mr. ‘Tiklon's ox {atencol Fanvy it! Should ho pass away belord Juno, who can ‘alive direction’ to the Demos tie ennvnss in 1690? Upon the thoory of tlt {important deere, sted, so to Apeak, from | ONE Ptueg in Loulsy|ilo, whint is tho nced of hulle ig a Deimoorntto Convention? ‘Tho Repubile are obey lug, us wo see, 0 KlinttAe order Ise from tho headquarters of Gen. Grant. Why talk about the eomlng of the Empire? Here ot bath shies of tho political workt wo alrenily hase monurchy, pure and simple; wid tho Electoral franchise ts amnonineed to be a sart of right 19 reglstor ono's nue in honor of the monarch! Tha Now York Uriftine sums up tho ree sultof the Stato Conventions of Pennsylvania and Now York as follows: He cool sulginent of felends us well a8 oF fous was, that Senator Cameron did not Inerenso tho probability: of Gen. Grant's nomination 1Y scouring an itistriictad dolegation from the Cote vention at Harrisburg. Freciavly the | sumo epinion now begins to be expressed by Gal dtd cra ng welt as by opponents of the thinker ovement In regard to tho result of tho Nev York Convention, it la gravely wnubted Wy friends of that niovement whatter the pralite bility of Gen. Grant's nomination hag beat We erodsed by the duings at Utlea, | True, io detention” instructed and vlinost unanke mously committed to voto for Gen. Grunt huts been secured, It would do no sund to unilerrate the vaino of this sotld body i ie yotos, Thoy will count hoavily-if the Hie exer comes to count thom nt wll for tho ons President. Butt the probability thas no ones time will wver como nppenrs to ooot OLECEVOrS 3 have beon grontly die by tho inantfos! ta of publie optnionat the Convention, Here, 04 it Pannaylvaula, a cumpletu success nf the Ertan ot den, Grant wus oxpected. In theay tse States, if anywhors in the Unton, thoy hal & Tight to count Hpon seme poping. sappert at Upon the iuculemtuble advantage of n power machinery handlod with masterly skill. Yer ie opposltion In Penusylvanta was very larees 2 the opposition in New Yorke might baye pres vulled if led without any mistakes. Spenking of tho education of Gen, Granb by travel #0 as to cnably him to take care of ie country upon his returnwith wisdom approw’ ing the supernatiral, tho Nation says: We have alware thought it very unlikely that A unfti of pecullurly wet churaotor, and by 0 moans wanting in self-confidence, such ae hots should be convinced wh the ripe age af SUNY ‘ Yeurs of foreign travol that hoe had nel Van Wrong motives and Intlueneca duriig his ts donvy. ° ila juurnoy abroud wos that ofa sey seer With oxtruondnary udvantages. | Hu Bil A few days or weeks In wach phic, looking at 1h curtositivs and dining with the most distluguele People, all of whom treated kim as of and poured out flattery on hhu without & toa oda ent po tnt very ane Dg leaty an ABtY every ONG But ile tous wis not 4 porlod of study and Qe flection, or deep observation of any kind, toy wus altogether rathor less than three mouths of Pogians ‘and Scattand, and the tine wils pe Inceasaut fCting. “In thi two penne he accunplished a journey t world, which took in Egypt, India, Ch Jupan, ao that it wus, on tho face of thi A Unlikely that he aw or heard wngthing on Nit way cufeulated even to ratse donbte 11 his min as to whether bis mody af adintulsicring 1° United States Government had been nny Tey gro objectionable, He wasensoytiy the Wine 4nd freedon from care, and thy congratull Rare oomplhnents, to which the part. bs Oe jayod. in tho War fairly entitled tues bu! id rag not study oe institutions or comparing Pertonces with foreign stutcemen, : that