Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 21, 1880, Page 4

ee THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1880-—-SIX'T ye. Gribuiwve. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, DY MATIN ADVANOR—POSTAGE, PREPAID. Pnily edition, ono yont Barta of n yonr, por m Fuentny, ehiyreday, and juntas, Wed hesdhy, and Fridn atarday of Munday, b ny other day, per ye WEERLY 1) ‘Ono enpy, por 3 1.480 “tuts oOo hier Fate 1883 Speetmen_coples sont treo. * * Give Post-Onica adress in full, Inctuding State and County. Rowittances may be mnie oithor by drnft, oxprass, Post-Cnice onter, of In rextetored Lottor, at one risk. YS TO CITY SURSCRINERS, Pallz,dotvarnd, Sunday excapted, 23 centa per weok, pally, dollvered, Sanday Included, BO conta por weak. ? Address WHE TRIVUNE COMPANY, > Corner Madison und Dearborn-ats,, Chl ——y t POSTAGE, Entered at the Post-Ofice at Unteago, 14 az Seconde 7 Claas Matter, For the benent of our patrone who desiro to send alngio copies Of THR TINDNE through the mail, we give horewith tho transient rate of postage: ‘ Denieatte, Kightand Twolve Page Vapor, ixteon Page Unpor... yeasts Elyht and twolve Vage Hape Bidwen Mage Vaper.. CRIDUNE ‘Th# Curcado THIBUNK has established branch offices fur thy receipt of subscriptions und ndvertisu- mente us follows: NEW VORK—Room % tribune Building. ¥.7. Ato- Bannen, Manager, GLASUOW, Bcutland—Allan’s Amorican Nows Axgoney. bl Honfield-at, JONDON, Kow—Amertean Exchange, 40 Strand. Lenuy F, Gt. : WABILINGT Aucnt. ‘D, C319 F atroot. ——— AMUSEMENTS. ———— Ly, MeVicket's ‘Theatre, Matiison stroct, botween Denrborn und State. En- gnyoment of Mr. and Mra. MeKuo Rankin. “The Dun{tes." , Afternoon und evening, Ze Maverly's Theatres Dearborn street, curnor of Monrou. Engagomunt of ‘Loula Aldrich and Charies'l, Parsiuo, * My Purtnur.” Afternoon and evening, HMooley’s Thentre. Nandolph streot, between Clark und Ln Salle. Bue gngoment of Smith, Align, Morton, and Martin's Min- strols, Afturnuon and evening, Olymple Thentre, Clark atreat, between Randolph and Lake, Engago- munt of the Now York Burlesque Combination, "Ix- ‘fon; or, Tho Munut the Wheel.” Afternvon and evening. Mamiln'’« Thentre. Cinrk stroct, betwoon Washington ant Randolph, * Ungagoment of the Leountd Grover Comedy Compa by. “Our Bourding-House.” Afternoon und evening. Central Musto Hatt. Corner Iandolph nud State wtrcets, Concart by thé Thursby Company #t3 p. i. Wershoy Muste-Hail. \ Mndison street, botwoon Binte and Dearborn, TEn- tortulnment by Prof, Jobn Reynolds. Afternoon und ovenin| See SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1880, -Anornen Russian subjecthas bocn arrested in Parla charged with compllelty in the * Moscow explosion, ‘Tho Russlan Govern- ment has already made a demand for his extradition, and the papers in the case are on thelr way to tho French Cupltal. Tue Mexican authorities are making ex- tensive prepurations for the reception of Gen. Grant, who will be taken tn charge by a cammittes gppolnted for that purpose on Hisarrivatat Vera Cruz, and receive every attention during his sojourn in the land of the Montezuma: : Aw Interesting report on the subject of the cattle-disease was yesterday laid before Con- gress by Secretary Sherman, - embodying the results of Investlgations that have been in progress for more thin a year past. The cou clusions reached are that pleure-pneumonia does not exist west of the Allegheny Mount- ulns, and that there is no ground whatever for tho distrust of Amerlean cattlé prevalent iy Great Britain and Cana. | ‘AN agreed case hag been made up in this city for the purpose of testing the constitu- tonality of the Mllnols Game Inw, ‘The trade dn game in Chicago amounts yearly to about $200,000, and the deulers have taken this method to secure a decision by the Supreme Court as to the constltutlonality of the Inw prohibiting the exposure of gama for sale during certain seasons of the year. Txyaw fiterview relative to the general political situation and outlook, given in an- tether column, Mr. James P. Ruot, of this elty, a member of the Nuatlonal Republican Committee, who hag just returned from Washington, reports a considerable ehango + of feuling of Into at the Capital on the Pres}- dentlal question, It is his bellef that within tho past ten days the hmpression hag grown very rapldly’ that Grant ty not the coming man ees es Ture Democratic enemies of Senator Bay- ard have been fishing up his War record, ant find that In June, 1861, he addressed 9 meet- ing tn Delaware ‘Whereat resolutions were adopted favoring the recognition of the Southern Confederacy, ‘This ruking over of Copperhead remlniseences $s attributed to the filends of Gen. Hancock, though it is vot Wilikely that Tilden has something to do with driving this extra nail fn the coftin of the man whom he has regurded ng his most . formidable oppunent, Tue results of a number of interviews _ With prominent Republicans of Wisconsin + 8re given fy our columus this morning, A faty summary of thesy views and preferences would seem to be that Mr. Blaine stunds an excellent chanca of seeuring the voto. of “ Wiseonsin in tha Chicago Conyentlon, though Mr. Washburne would largely ahipre tn. popular favor hi that State were it not understood that he Is not a candidate for tho Presidency in opposition te Gal. Grant. See Bevore adjourning Its regular winter seasfon the [{linols Press Association yester- day voted a unanimous Indorsement of the efforts now making In Congress to secure 5 reduction of tari on paper and the adinisslon tree of duty pf chemfoals entering into {ts inanufacturey and by a unanimous yota the Assbelution adopted a petition to Congress + setting forth the ombarrussment and loss ine Meted upon publishers by the present high price of paper, and praying far sellef from the burden by leglstation which will be fulr and equitable allky to the munufagturers anit constiners of paper, ‘Tuy. letter written by Sevretary Sherman to Congressman Henderson relative to the Propvaltion to establish a port of deltyery at Judtannpoils 1s construed as an expresston favorable to the object sought in the bil, - but it fs regarded os unfortunate that ‘he should have thought It necessary to Jug in tho question of nbollshing unpro- , ductive ports of eutry on the Atlantic ¢oust “as o necessary feature iu any echome relating to the enlurgement of imparting focllities ty * Gavor of the West. If the Seeretary of the Yreasury Is golng to make his ludorsement. of the humediate ‘Lrausportation bill condi- 2 tlonal upon carrying along with It the aboll- Hon of all the small cugtom-houses In the * Fast, and thereby incur the hostility of * bepresentutives from that section, the In- "sumumate the Minnesota portora of the West may well alr of over teeeiving tho ald of tho ‘Treasury Depart- mont in thetr battio for fair dealing. any Acanvass of tho views and preferences on the Irestdentinl question of the Llinols editors In attendance upon tho meeting of the Tlinols Press Assoclation shows that, among the Republicans, Mlatno ts the first choles of ninetoon, Grant of thirteen, Wash burng of soven, Grant or Blaine of two, and “the nominee, whoaver ho nny be,” of two. It {5 notleed that among those whe faver Blaine or Grant speeltically Washburne ts almost uniformly thetr second cholee, With tho Democratic editors Tilden and Bayard are equal favorits, ench having two supporters, while Davis, Seymour, and Scholfietd muster one aplece, nd In the English House of Commons yester- day, during a deBate Incident to a eal) for correspondence relating to atftates In Afghan: Istan, Karl Beaconsticht took oceaston to de- fend ls Asiatic policy, which he dectared had deen instrumental in securing the gute to England’s Indian possessions. — ‘Tho Trenier was very plain and te the pofutin his entire speech, as transmitted by cuble, dlwalllng with emphasis on tho necessity of holding on to the advantage gained by the Afghan campaign, and of giving other Powers to understand that Bugland, tn her present attitude, ¥ in carnest, and lias determined to retain.so much of the Ameer’s dominions as Is neevssary to the perfoct safety of the In- din Empire, — a Tr rematned for Senator Penileton, of Ohio, yesterday to show a litte lower degree of nicanness than any of his Demovratle col- leagues were enpuble of in objecting to the fmmediate consideration of a bil, already passed In the House, ndmitting free of duty a large quantity of eluthing contributed by generous peopla in England = for the benefit of the destitute colorud immigrants In Kansas. This elothing 1s Jylug on the wharves In New York, awalting free transportation to the West, and yet Pendleton, alded and encouraged by ‘Thnr- man ant Voorhees, could tind it in his Bour- hon heart to put in the “TE object” which stood Inthe way of tha Immediate passngo of the Dill In the Senate. Tine fs sald to bo notleenble among Denoernis ju Washington « difference of opinion as to the proposed unseating of Con- gressman Washburn, of Minnesota, A con- siderable amount of dissent from the con- templated actlon of the House Committee on Elections in the matter hasbeen made known aniong members of the Natlonal Democratic Comittee, who, belng fresh from associa- tion with the people, and less bilnded than are the members of Congress by the hitter- ness of partisun confilet, ara very firmly im pressed with the idea that to con- robbery just now {3 altogether inexpedient and mni- desirable, ag its effect upon the public nilad would be certain to be injurlous to Democratic prospects in tha fortheoming: eampalgn, It fs also believed that ‘Tilden, has had a hand tn the manipulation of the projected stealing of n State, having operated through Its always pliant tool, Chairman Springer, of the Elections Committee, who has never hesitated at any step necessary to the Democratle sehemo of enpturing the Presidency by. means falr or foul. For tls reason tho order calling a halt In the Wash- burt-Donnelly casa will come from Gramercy Park (ff It comes at al, aud only thon because the wily old schamer is getting frightened at the demonstrations of popular indignation everytyhere noticeable. " AN IMPORTANT POLITICAL MEETING, An iinportant meeting of the Republleans of Minuls fy to be hell. In this elty next Wednesday, tho 25th fust. It has been called by the State Committee In conformance with an established custom for opening a general political campaign. Lhe dealin of such pre- lintnary inectings Is to furnish the State Central Committes with Information fn re- gard to the prevalllng sentiment in various parts of the Stute relative te tho {fine when the State Convention shall be held, the mani- festatlons of party strength, the preference for enandidates, aud such mutters 18 may cone tribute to the success of the campalgn, ‘The mneetlng Is naturally a politieal love-feast to acertain oxtent, but Its practteal usofulness to tho party Is to be fount in feellug the pub- fle pulse through the representative men of ditferent seetlons of tho State, ‘The persons who attend such pretimlnary: meetings us the one to be held next Wednes- day are for the most part the “ managing men” of thelr respective districts, As they: are invited by the State Central Committee, thoy are usually the men who have taken an activo Interest In politics or who inileate a purpose to exert themselves personally In the approaching campfilgn. The promment members of tha varlous local Committees, the members of the Inst Leglslature, tho candidates for State ofllees and for Congress, and generally the imen accredited with a knowledge of tho polltteal sontiment of thelr neighborhood or Influence among thelr own peuple, are requested to put Inan appear ance. First a gentleman from the northern park of the State, then another from the southorn part, then one from the middle part, or one or more from each Congres: slonal District, are Invited te express their viows, with the purpose of enllghtentng the Central Comittee as to tho polltical Inell- nations of the yurlous constituencies which they are presumed to represent, ‘There 1s no doubt that a fale representation of the peo- ple in a imeotlug of this kind, and a ready nequieseoncs by the Central Committees in the preponderance of the sentiments thus reflected, may be a valuable preparation for the netive work of @ State camprlgn, and consequently the conauitation Is louked for- ward to with constderable Interest, ‘Tho meeting called by the Central Commit- teo this year Is especially hnportant because thore is to. be a Presttential vlection next fall, and because the Republlean National Convention {s to be held In Chleago, It will bo difficult to avold a disenasion of the Pres- {dential question, ‘Pho real bearing of such a discussion will depend, however, upon the represontutive churavter of the gather ing. "if the Invitations sent out by the Sesretury of the Contral Committee (under tho general direction, It muy be prosumed, of Senator Logan) havo been talely distributed among the leading Republicans of the State, without any previous otfort to ascertain the personal preferences of those fivited, the meeting may ald the public In forming some iulea of the posltfon Illlnols wilt probably oc- cupy fn the National Convention. Tf, on the othor hund, there has been an eifart ta shape the expresston of oplujon .at yoxt Wednes- days nvoting by contining the invitations to those who are known to be in sympathy with some one candidate, the expressions of indl- vidual opinion with bo valueless ag purport ing to ruiloct: publlo opluion, In the latter cass the “vlows" of the assembled poll- tichihs may bo intalendIng for the thne belng, but they will not serve to change the senti- ment of the people of tho various districts, who will tlad thelr opportunity for an au- thoritative expression when they come to elect delegates to the Chicago Convention, ‘Tho people of nals have never been bound down by any “unit rule” or other applica tlon of the gag law, ner will they be com- miltted agalust thatr will by any packed enu- eus, It Js not possible, of course, to say in nad- yanee how tuch influence the machine" may exorelso over the Chicago meeting, nor how faithfully that meeting inay reflect tho prevalling sentiment of tho diferent sections of tha State, ‘Tuts will appear pretty clearly, lhowever, aftor the mueting shall have been held and the people throntghout the State shalt have an opportunity of eontrining or disavowlng the representations made by those in attendance, ‘The political leaders of 1 party aro not always en rapport with the rank and file who furnish the votes} ii case there shall be an effort to stifle theexpresslon of tho popular sentinent, the meeting may still be useful asa warning to the people that they must interfere In thelr own behalf, ant show tho managing politicians tint thoy ean only manage necording to popular direction, All this will dopend tipon the impartiallty and good Judginent that have been used In sending out invitations. It fs flr to presume that the varlons candt- dates for the offied of Govertior will be repre. sented f1 person, or by thelr friends, at next Wednesday's mooting, ‘Choy are a host in thomselves,—that ts, the cnndidates, ‘Chore are Ricuway of Gallatin, Morrison of Mor- gan, Wnaker of Macoupin, John C, Smith of doo Daviess, Hawley of Rock Island, Cul- lom of Sangamon, Clark Curr of Knox, Siunun, of Cook, Col. Fort of Marshal, and perhaps a great many more who are willing, iC not dvelired, candidates, It may also be asstined that none of the Gubernntorial can- didates wil bs demonstrative in thelr prefer- ouces for Presidential candidates. ‘Tho men whore anxtons to be Governor consider the National contest of secondary linportanee, wil ore complacently proparad te run with:Grant, Blaine, Washburne, or any other man, ‘They will also be careful not to prejudice their own chances by nntagontziug the friends of any active or possible candidate for tha Pres- ideney. It 14 to be hoped, thorefore, that these gentlemen will encournge a freo ex- pression of views, and [t is pretty certain that those who Insist upon a fale and proper representation in tho Clieuza meeting of Republican voters throughout the State will thus do more to advance thelr own interests than thesy who commit thomsulyes to any faction or tio themselves to anybody's pur- sonal fortune, Tho proevedings of the Chi- exgo musting may amount to “an Informal ballot”? of the State of 1inoly in the Na- tional Convention, or It nay be the prelimi- nary skirmish in a flerce struggle between Inannging politicians and tha muss of Repab- lican voters. Ln either cnse, the meeting of next Wednesday will hive an fnportant. benring on the approaching campaign. — DISFRANCHISING MINNESOTA, ‘The anticipated action of the Committee of Eleetlons of the Ileuse of Representatives whieh tg to put out Gen, Washburn, the Re- publican member of Congress from Miune- sota, and have the House elect the notorlous Donnelly Inchis stead, who was spuwed out by tho people of tho district where he ran as. f& enndidate by more than 9,000 majority, would be an Infamy of such colossal propor- tlons as to be without e parallel tn Cun- gresstonal partisauship., Gen, Washburn was elected In 1878 by an absolute majority of3,013 votes over Donnelly, the Flot candi- alute adopted by the Democrats. “There never was tt fairer or more honest election, and all pretenses to the eontrary thereto are false, ond all attempts to prove anything of the kind have utterly falled. . But the impeeuntous Donnelly took It tuto his head to getup « bogus contest, which wold enxble him to pass the winter in Washington, and, possibly, to procure the voting to lim the ustal stun given to con- losthigs candidates. It can be asserted that he had no rational expectation of ever seeur- ing 0 seat for himself, for the reason that he had not fully appreeclated the utter despera- ton of those members of the Sub-Conuittes on Elvetlons to whom he had appealed. If the whole Committee, and the House after- wards, shall sustain the actlon of the Sub- Committee, electing Donnelly, it will bea fatal slab to popular government, and wo undertake to say that 0 man who fs a party fo 1t will ever hear the last of it during his political fife. Should the proposed Iniqully be consummat- ed, the most shitmeless and hardened Demo- verat would hereafter be compelled to hold ils peace so furng frauds In elections are concerned, But the publle must not be loft in the dark na to the objuct of this attack upon the bul- warkof popular government and the honest suffrage of n free people, The alleged reason, As stated by our contemporary of the “ines yesterday morning and by other papers, that the Democratic party must steat the Repub- Mean State of Minnesota in order tu give its vote to the Democratic candidate for Presi- dent in case there fs no cholve fby the people and the election should go Into the House of Representatives, is nut the trie reason in our Judgment, ‘The contest 1 gv shaping Itself that overy Intelligent person must be faware that there will be but twocanidldates who will get an Electoral vol. aud the vote of no State will be wanted in the House of Rup- resentatlves to seeure a Democratic Prest- dent, Nelther can It be that the Democrats want the Mouse to turn out a Republican and elect & Demovrat or Greenbacker in order to “strengthen tholy sinall majority,* for that mujority is now suficluntly lirge and impregnable, Neither can It possibly be that it has any Interest in so thoroughly disrep- Utable a nian as Donnelly, a inere soldier of fortuny, fighting under every flag and betray. Ing every flag, and whose presence in Wash: Ington on such an errand is an offense to public decency. ‘helr sulu purpose fs to funtillarize the country with their assaults upon the baliot and popular rights In orderto amooth thelr way to steal the Governniont of the country In the coming Presidontial election and convert It Inte a Confederacy by mneans of other frands as imoxampled as they will be prodigious. Everything Is now one In Congress with » plan which has been well digested aud fixed upon by tho boldest and most desperate men of the country, In order tv get possession of the Government through fraud wd conspiracy and trample underfoot the men ‘whose yalor, and blood, and patriotism saved the Union from thelr deadly assaults, ‘Tho.tirst object was to famtllariza the peo- plo to attacks upon Republican State Govern- ments, and the State of Maine wus selected, In accordance with the program, the Stnte was to be dellborately stolen In. tho tn- terest of the Democrasy, and the: yoleo of the people throttled. The next object was toshow tho unheard-of lengths to whieh It could go in Nutional matters, and fn this ease It took the shape of steallng {i a member of Congress and trunpling underfoot the will ‘of the people us expressed byw majarity of $8,000 votes. Whoa thoy could show that thoy could throw out a member of Congress, elected by sugh a iajority, and have the matter acquieseed in, they would have no hesitation in throwing out a Stato having 20,000 gr 30,000 majority for a Republican President, ‘The case of Gen. Washburn was taken as 0 sample of what they could do shuply beeauso his seat was contested. ‘There ts not» seat of a single Republican member of tho House which could not have been equally us well contested as that of Gen, Washburn, and the reason why 9 score of gther seats were not declared yacant by Springer's Sub-Conmuittea » that the candidates opposed to tham did not havo the Impudonce of Donnelly to niake tho contest. ‘Tho Republican members of Congress have each a great and Imperative duty to perform in this matter, It ts the boldest onslaught of this character on popular clghts ever made In tho halls of Congress, and it must be met at thé threstiold and resisted at every step. The volee of every Ropublluan member should bo ralsed In vindteation of tho will of the people Ns honebtly expressed theoweh the ballot, aud the puapta ninst bo mady fully aware of the danger hnapending over the country, ENGLISH FARMERS AND AMERIOAN COM- as PETITION. Mr. Francts Peok ts the wuthor of an artlele Inthe Fortnightly Revtew for February on the “ Agrleultural Prospeeta of England, Canada, and the United States.” Ie ite- plores the fact.“ that it was necessary to im- ‘port 18,000,000 anarters of foreign whant, at a probable cost of $20,000,000, to supply tho. detteleney of home produce. It ts not pleas: aut,” “he says, “to contemplate this enor- mous sum of noney, drwwn from home en- terprisuaud the comforts of English people to ensieh other communities, especially the United States”; ani here It might be ree murked that he follows the usual course of English writefs gin betraying an intense Jealousy of this country, ‘This outtlow of $230,000,000 Mr, Peek attributes partly to the unfavorable season and partly to the want of proper relations between [landlord and tent fn England. Durlng the month of June, 1879, owing to the rapacity of the landowners, who in this matter are certatnly pursuliyg a suicidal pottey, there was “a reduction of nearly 2,000 in tho number of occuplers of land owlng to... 80 many farms hay- ing buen thrown upon tho hands of their owners,” who wonted the farmers to con tinue paylng high rents ina year of bud Is vests, finanelal depression, amd unprepared: for and unpreeedented computition with the nonrent-paying American farmer “ Durlag ench of the latter mouths of 1870, between 500 and 600 farmers exceuted bills of sate ns ngajnstan average of only 80 for the years 197078." Thus there were drawn from the pursuit of agrleulture in England during the month of dune Inst year 2,000, and, later, GOO families per month, which means that there will be fess gral raised this year, less em ployment glven, and more hares, hounds, aul hunters in England, and less Engllshinen and Englishwomon engaged in healthy pas- toral pursults. Sheep and oxen will take the place of human beligs, as they have done in Tretand, or the wnoceupied farms niay be- come game preserves, Ike the County of Sutherland, in Scotland, whieh has been eleared of its people that the Duke who takes his name from the shire might entertain his frlends, the nobility and gentry, after the close of the Parllamentary session each year, English farmers, Seoteh erofters, and Irish peasants seem to have no rights that a ‘Tory Inndlord fs bound to, respect, Mr. Peek thinks that the agricultural de- pression In England 1s owlng to temporary enuses, and is sangulue enough to predict that unexplalned -enuses “may bring moro xental seasons and an Incrensed revival in trads.” ‘The people of the United States are not so sellish ns not te wish this hope may be fulfilled; yet it Is rather diMeult to see how English farmers cnn pay Inyge rents, enor- mous taxes, and buy expensive nmnures, and yet compete with the Aierlean farmer who pays no rent, buys no manures, for none aro necessary, and pay ouly & small tax, for tt ls only In the demagog-ridden cltlus of tho United States that taxation bears any pro- portion to English taxation. ‘The fretghtage on Amorluan grain is not so great by any Taeans as to at all. compare with the many expenses Which the English farmer has to puny before his grain fs placed In the market. Indeed, with proper legisintive restrietions on the rallroad magnates, and with pooling prohibited, the railroad expenses would not. be so much greater than the Devonshire gud) Yorkshire farmers have ‘to pay for railronding their’ grain to the Livyerpoot market, Theonly diMeulties which tho Aimeri- ean farmer has to contend with are such as enn be ensily removed,—the hnpassable condi- tlon of the country roads nt certain seasons, tho inefticloncy of farm-laborers, aud the careless system of husbandry pursued. With tho single exception of the eouditton of the ronds, these are not wanting in England elther. Mr. Peek says “tho farmer ts re stricted as to tie mothod of cultivating his Innd, Moreover, he has to contend with te eflictent Inbor, tho rekult of thosa degrading Aniluences which have been for long deterl- orating our agricultural population; the ‘yates In ald of Jabor? haying imbued the laboting class with a pauper spirit.” ‘The statlatics furnished by Mr, Peok are execed- ingly instruetive: Bushels, aAveraye yleld of wheat in— per acre, England, Toland, Australia ‘Untted Btates, . eer Culeulating at the average Liverpool pries for five years, the yleld of an acre of wheat in Engin would be £10 1s Gd, or about. $60, ‘The cost of préduetion would be betwoen $35 and $410, After paylng bis rent, which ustully averiges nbout $7, it will bo seen that the English farmer lina only small yer turn for his Hine and capital; that the sur plus profit is swallowed up inrent. Mr Mechi and others stato that the loweat price at which wheat can be grown and sold in England 1s 40 shillings per quarter, Hut Mr, Pevk states that the tendency ts to bring tho price much lower than this, and thinks that in a year or bo the price will be as low as 93 shillings (8%) per quarter of oight bushels, Elthor tho farmer has tu go, thet, or the land ford must reduce his’ rent, or mayhup the landlord may be obliged te go, Tho tand of f& natlon, aecording to a well-recognized prlnelple of English legisttion, should bo used: for the benofit of the people of the State. ‘This principle was neted on, as the Rev, Henry Ward Boechor polated out at the Parnell Brooklyn meeting, tn the ease of tho lands attached to the Engllslt monastorios and convents, Why should tho aristocrat have greater privileges than the churchman? Aro his claing more sacred ? ‘ ‘The cost of producing a quarter, or eight bushels, of whent lu Minnesota ty nbeut 15 shillings, or $375; the vost of transportation to London or Liverpool about 8 shillings, or $2; and, if Congress does Its duty by the peo- ple, this will be gunel lower, even it new Appliances for economicing time, space, nnd fuel were not belng invented every day, Tho Atnerican farmer could sell his wheat at 83 shillings per quarter, or $l per bushel, and miko v handsome profit on the whole cost of placing tho gralu in the market, and a large percent on the cost of production; while the English farmer, to sell at the same price por quarter, would incur & loss of 2 per cent on the price of produgtion, ‘The nutlon that a “grasshopper-plngue" ora bad harvest in America can serlously affect the competition with the Amerlean furmors, Mr, Peok does not eonshter serious cnough to discuss; indeed, the only wonder is that he showld mention the matter at atl. ‘Tho increases woreuge under cultivation In the United States each year would usually counterbalance the effect af a bad hdrvest, while the English Inndlords ere by thelr polley reducing the avreage under valtivas tlon, Nor will a change from tillage to tho ralslng of cattle beat ali iikely to benefit the Hel, PAGUS. Fauglish tonant farmer, for fn this the Amerl- ean has a still greater advantage, [t costs Jess, comparatively speaking, lo place cattle Inthe Liverpool niarket than to plaice gral, No matter which horn of tho dilema the En- allsh publicist. may take, he ts foreed to the conclusion that thers must bo a radical ehanaze in the English land Inws, amounting almost to a revolution, and the landed arts tocrney mittst be the losers in tho end. ‘Tho English peopte will not allow tho soll of thelr country to pass out of cultivation even If tho landlords’ could afford to do so; and thoy cortainly cannot, ‘Tho settle- ment of the Irish land question must bo atdgd and hastened by thls state of things, and, when Mr. Parnell asserts that “the allen landlords must go? he makes no fool- Ish throat, for tho landlords must: elther “vo, or forego most of thelr p bt rentals, privileges, peraiialty, and social Lmportance if they retaly thelr monopoly of the soll. This urtleta has already extended so far that we must forego, for the present at least, to dent with Mr, Peek’s nation that in Canada and) Manitoba Hes the hope of tho English” former, or that his timmigration Into this country is owlng to the malign Intluence of Atorieanagonts, We must also express our conbern for tha mental state of the editor of the Chicago Prairie Farmer for his concern in tho sume matter, — DELAYS ARE DANGEROUS, Wotrust Mr. Wilson, who represents the Chicago tporters at Washington, will real ize the mportuncy of securing Secretary Sherman’s personal attention to the pending Annnedlate Transportation bit, to be submit- ted for lils opinion by the Ways and Means Coumlttes of the Housu of Representatives, ‘The reference to the Seoretary was, we ob- serve, obtalned on the ground that, while the principle of the bi fs admitted tu be correet, it may require to be changed in form, Now, the people of the interior understand thor- oughly both the principle and the details of the bill, And presumably at least eleven out of the thirteen members of tha Ways and Means Comittee also widerstand all about the bi, and support it just as itis, Buttho Chairman, Mr. Wood, of New York City, is opposed to the principle of the bill, which fs to confer upon importers In the interlor rights and privileges tha exnet equal of those enjoyed by importers In const cities. When Mr. Wood found that lus twelve associntes in the Committes were agreed In favor of reporting the Dill, he sought a pre- text for delay, He evltently begged Mr. Qarfield to suggest “that it might be well for the Committee to know more detalls about it, und that for that purpose it would be ad- visable to have the opliion of the Secretary of the Trensury.” Mr. Garfield Is enreful to atate that “his point was not made in oppo sition to the bill, ns he fs friendly to ft. At may be assumed as almost my axtom fn matters of legislation that the friends of a mensure neyer delay it. There Is nothing under the sun more fatal than delays In legis- lation, It is so much easier to defeat than to pass bill that the renl friends of a proposition in the nyerage teglstative body allow It to be postponed only upon compulsion, We do not dowht, however, Mr. Garfield's frlendly disposition towards the DIL in question, But Weare apprehensive that hls friendliness is not of quite go vigorous and aggresslye a typo ns the people of the West would like him to exhibit on this particular occasion, ‘The people of the West know that the details of tho DIN in question are in perfect accord with the principle it Is intended {to offectunte, and they protest against [ts being overhauled by {ts enemies under the guise of friendship. When the bill govs up to tho ‘Trensury De- pirtmnent Mr, dames, Chief of the Customs Division, wil lay hls hond on {tif he fa not peremptorily prohibited from so doling, Ile will pretend to be iy favor of the principle of It; but, In a spirit of devotion to “ the safe- ty of the reyenne,’”” he will try to emasculate Itas he did In his letter to Congresstnan All “The safety of the rovenue” is 0 stock phrase which fails gitily from the tongue of every individual, whether private or official, who believes that the Now York Importers? ring should be protected by Inw in the retention of a monopuly of the foreign Import business of the United States, Mr. Sherman {fs reported na having said that ho isin favor of the bill, not the prinel- ple shinply of tha bit, which will be sent to him foran opinion, We belleve thly report to be true, and, so belleying, expect that the opluton hoe will send back to the Committee will be an unqualified Indorsement of the bill Justus itis, If any other sort of opinion ts sent to the Committea we shull attribute It to Mr, James, the bitter and uncompromising opponent of every proposition looking to the equality of the Importers of the interior with those of the const." ‘Tho frlends of the measure should seo tat Mr. Shermnn acts upon the request of the Committee, independently of ‘Treasury sub- ordinnge Influence, in which ease and Inne other shall wo oxpect a favorable, report, Auttho should be urged to give the aubject Mis Iminediate attention, ‘The Presidentiat question Is assuming vast proportions, and there Indanger that 16 will push alt other questions to tho wall. Congress—both branches—tx ready to pass tho bill su soon ag the opportunity is afforded, Whether it shall be afforded depends upon tho real felends of tho bi In committes and upon Mr, Wilson, who represents two or threo hundred drst-cliss mercantile houses hi this clty, A PROTEST OF RUSSIAN STUDENTS. ‘Tho London Times of n recont dite prints ® manifesto issued by Russian students which has an indirect bearing upon tho at- tempt made a few days age to take the life ofthe Czar, ‘Tho protest ly slguitiennt as showing the widespread character of the dis- content that exlats In Russian society, as well as the hursh restrictions whieh the Guy- ernment places not only upon the freedom of Judiyidands, but also of the national fnsti- tutions, The protest in question was issued in ono of the “underground” papers, as, notwithstanding its comparatively mild char acter, none of the, public newspapers dared to print it. Thay, purpose, however, was subsurved, a8 it wasposted all over Moscow, ‘The’ authors of Hf “protest address It to so olety.. ‘Miey a udents of the pliysical selences who: are: not allowed to outer the universities owing to ‘the restrictions which are placed upon thom by the Govern: mont, ‘The proteat begins with a state- ment of these restrictlony, and says; “Who docs not know that entruice into the higher educational Institutions Js sure rounded by every posalble nieasure of restric. tlon and diMeulty, and that the price af edu eation is ralaed to an almost Impossible do- grea? For g large number of those wishing to loarn {t Js positively Impossible to enter anywhore?? In discussing the ofltetal system. of instruction, the protust clus thatthe Gov- ernment would suppress all eduvation it It dared, and, ns It cannot do thls, it has Intra- dived inte the sehouls 9 clusstenl course Ine stead of sfudtes In the selences which would be of practical use, and thus © warps the doe- yolopment of thought and deprives youth of yaluublo thuo that night be spent fa the de yelupmont of mental capacity and In tho ac- quisition of aetaal necessary knowledge. Upon this polut the protest saya: Tt la line possible to assort thut the classical system is not introduced In order to stile thought and reason. Russlan society requires living knowledge, and not dead languages. ‘Thoneo comes the strong destra for rentistte edven- tion, so unpleasant to the Government.” Aftor a denunelatton of tho ofticial system ubovery polut,—its enormous expense, lls re- Jeetion of all studies in the exact selences, {ts entire absence of physical oxercise, and tho restrietions it throws nround entrance to tho universitics,—the protest arraigns the Government for its erlmes tn tho following severe terms: Took at what is belug done among youl Con- tinnal hunger among: tho penple alte hy Bile with senseless luxury in bleh places, fusut- fleloney ot pousant Jand while free tind ts lsat away rhght and tort te diferent olllcinis, Nterferenes with tho rolf-evornment of tho Zormatvo, complote arbitrary Noonse fn tho ads ministration, tmpreendented deyolopmont of faplonnaye, porseoution of the press, and an enormous Invrense of taxes, Aut ctoses with the following demands We ought to be learning tho exact ecteneos and not Aetenlie forever to tho philosopher and sonhlsts of tha past. We domnnd free edie eution gratis; a witer dovelopment of female instruction; full liberty for the nol Wity of pri- vate persons and Kocietics fn tho Neld of pomilar educntion, Wo demnant that in tho middle schools physic! exeretsg ahold be introduced: that the doors of the higher schools shoul be thrown apen to all comers; and thit all those onterity without certificntes, upon sugcosefully poesing tho preliminary and foal examinations shall reeulve tho anme rigbta as those possessed of such cortifleates, The protest of these students, outside of the mere question of education, throws « very clear light upon tho contlieting relations existing between the Russian people and the Government, ‘Lhe conflict tn reality is be- tweon nineteenth-contury progress upon tha one hand and the old-time elyilization on the other. ‘Tha Government has not advanced, It Isstill the nutocratic, despotie sway of the ‘Tartar, which knows no methods of ruling except by the severest restrictions upon ine divicual freedom and inhunin punishment of evory Infraction of its regulations. The people are under nt constant surveillance both tn thelr public and priynte life, and are Hable at any moment to have even tho most linrmless nets of thelr daily Mfe ex. aggerated into hostility to tho Goy- ernment. The people, on the — other hand, are exposed to all the Intluences of the time. ‘Che telegraph brings them face to face with modern intelligence. ‘They are in close communication with Western nations by lant and water, Foreign uewspapers and books are fluding thelr way into the Zmplre and are read. ‘They deslre popular government, free- dom, and education, and the despotism en- throned atSt Petersburg ruthlesly stamps out overy effort to secure them, and even every expression of them, It is the inevitable struggle that comes in tho history of every nation. It may well be questioned, cotisider- Ing the gross Ignorance of the common peo- ple of Itusgia, whether they are yet ready for representative government, and whether, Hf they seoured it, it would have any permanent valuo or improve the condl- tion of the Empire, But this Isnot the anes- -lon at issue, ‘The people are determined to try tho experlment, and, though tho agita- tlon ts m averet one and fs opposed by the whole power of the Government, It will go on and spread, and must eventually break out In general revolution If the demand {s not granted, The repented fillures of the conspiracies against the life of the Czar do not mke his position auy more secure. The tletermination to have a change 1s go per- sistent that it fy morally eertaln these con- splracies will be renewed, and eventually re- sult in his death, unless he should abdieate or recognize fle demands of his people. ee rrernenneeenersnnene PERSIA AS AN ALLY OF ENGLAND. In commenting upon British affairs in Afghunistan some months shico we toul ov- enslun to note the huportant part whieh: Persia. would be called on to play in the future coniplications Hable to occur between Russia and Great Britain, It then seemed probable that Persian sympathy would be in favor of Russtan success, ‘The litest news from Europe, however, indleates that Lord DBenconsfleld, fully appreciating Persia's tue portaney In the selution of the Asintle prob lem, hag, by a happy stroke of diplomacy, entirely changed the then existing state of alfalrs. Lhe English have regalned their lost luluonee at ‘Yeheran, and If recent re- vorts ave true Persia enn In future be re- garded ns one of the most important British satellites in Asia, ‘Tho method. by which Lord Benconsileldd proposes to accomplish this result $s to authorize Persia to take pos- sesslon of and oceupy Herat, in Northwest ern Afghanistan, ‘This is n skillful move on his part. It oxhiblts thorough knowledge of Brilish character, and will probably aronsa an finmenss enthusiasm for -him = by tho brillant prospects it offers to Increase British Jntluence In the Enst, ‘To this is no doubt due tho recent Conservatlye success in Southwark, a pronounced Liberal borough, It also hog caused the rapid elangs of opln- jon Ig favor of the Conservatives new appar- ent throughout Great Britatn, aud has prob- ably alforded hin the opportunity which he has long awaited to prolong ‘Conservative power by tho dissolution, of the present Parliament and o successful appeal to the country, ‘The City of Ilerat hns been called the key of Northwestern India, ‘his name 1s not undeserved. Its position enables it to cot- trol every avallable overland route from the Mediterranean to the Indlus, Trem its gates lead the only practical roada by which the mountain ranges bounding. India to the northwest ean bo traversed, and from It post of the conquerors who in tho past lave ovor- rin India commenced thelr march, Its pos- seston is, therefore, a nucessity In carrying out the schemes which Lord Beneonsfield evidently entertains for Brithst’ aggrandize- ment In the East, It {3 not probable that Its absolute sovereignty will by any means be ylelded to Persia, ‘Tho plan most Hkely contemplates its belng held by tho Shah as n vassal of tho British Emplre, and that this connection between tho two Governments will eventually bring about the entire subordination of Persia to British rile, ‘This accomplished, we may look for such further extension of English sway ve- yond the Ganges na will ultimately make Southern Asta, from the Mediterninean to tho Paeltic, a dependency of tho Lritlsh Crown, ‘The remark whieh Lord Beacons fiold fs sald to have made a year or two since, that “Groat Britain was essentially an Ast- atio Power," and which causud so much comment In European clreles, is Nkuly to he veritled Ina much broater avnse than could have been’ dintlelpated at the thie by hls warmest admirers. Ho himself ins pre- divted it for years, mid by tho ideas he yd- vanced In some of his carllor noyely he has made popular with the British people this result, which iy avidently now within its reach, But before this result can be accomplished much rensins to bo done, A costly and bloody war with Russta will lave to bo suc- cessfully fought out, Beyond a doubt Russia will forelbly oppose the occupation of Horat by the Persians, It fs equally certain that the latter will be unable to hold It with- out Engltah ngelstauce, Russja is ut this thue straining overy energy by accumulating men and materlal on tho Caspian to meet future emergencies, No one knows to what éxtent her preparations for war In that quar toy will be carried... Every purson linble to communicate information on the subject has beon driven from -her camps, and every pro-- caution jing for some time been taken by the. Rusalan authorities to biaura secreoy both as ty the number uf men and the amount of warllkg material she ty: concentrating at Krasnovousl aud ‘Tebickidar, ‘Tho recent de- foatot Rudstan troops by tho ‘Ter, thans attords her ample exanse Tore centration, but her preparations on Hy shores of tha Caspian ara belleved tobe a too large a senlo for the subjugation aqty et these tribas, It Is known that tho able cormmander her army contains — cae Skobelet!—has boer selected to command th force, but the utmost ignorance Preval vy to tho size of thioarmy she ty collecting, “ no tnformation relutlys to. the lrvétien te whieh ft ts to operate can bo obtalued, othe than that this foree ts Intended to pints rn ‘Tarcomans. In Russtan Turkestan, beyo, iH tho Oxus, slintiar preparations are Wants be In progress, ‘Troops and material aie pall rapldly movetl from Orenburg to Tas te kend and Samarkand, but equal Intotanes exista as to thelr numbers and uttinate de : tination, ‘The same excuse, the puulsiment of the Tureomans, ts offered for this ag rs the movaments on the Caspian, butit ts thin that, tn both cases, itis but w bind, and that tussia means to bo prepared th thne to age sue the offensive against tho English And Persinng, if her schemes of Annexation arg interfered with by elthor. "The possession of Mery and Ierat, with an all-powertu ine fluence In Persia, if not Its ‘nnoxntion, arg undoubtedly the objective points for Which she [s now working, by a recont telegram from Teheran tt fy stated that the Shah Is about to concentrate anarmy of twalve thousand mon in Khorag. san, tho province of Persian nearest Herat, Mow soon tho attempt will be made by this fores to oceupy tha latter wilt doubtless da vend upon the progress made by the British troops in the subjugation of Afghanistan, Whenever made, It will probably be followed by an invasion of Persia by the Russians from tha Casplun Sea, and by the advaneg upon Herat of a Russian army from Samar kand, In tho near contest between Russta and Great Britain which we thluk Inevitable tho Perstan ariny cnn be regarded aga factor of great hnportance, Persla his a force of 105,500 men, Of these more than 20,000 ara thoroughly armed and well instructed, Tho remainder, though not so proficient, are far betler than the troops of Afghanistan, Sup ported by British troops, there fs probably no Aslutic forea which ean give a better ne count of ftself, aud it may bo regarded as ale anost certaln that the English, sided by theso troups asx auxillaries, ean overcome any strength Russia iy able to put forth in that tegion. ‘This scheme for exalting British power tn the Hast has been one of the leading princl- ples of Lord Beaconsfleld's life, 1f the En- glish people prolong his power ut the head of the Government, Its fulilment beyond even hls own anticlpation can now be looked on tts reasonably cortain, It will Involve an gnormous Inerease of expenditure, and much loss of life, but its witimaty result will probe ably baw more prosperous and enilghtened condition of the Astatic people concerned, and a great Invrensa.of British prosperity and power, —___—— Tune aro two polnts of recent develop ment fn the Washburn-Dornelly contest {n Congress which demonstrate the unserupne Jous partylsin of Springer's attempt tu un- seat Sr. Washburn, and to steal the vote of Minnesota in w possible election of the nest President by the House of Representatives, The pretext upon which the great bulk of the Washburn majority 1s ta be overthrown Isthatw number of ballots in Mnneapolls were numbered, ag by required by a statute of the Stnte, These votes are to bu thrown out on the pretense thatthe State judiclary has held tho practice of numbering ballots to bs Uieonstitutional ‘his pretense 1s false, ‘Tho adjudleation of a constitutional question rests with the Supreme Court of a State, and the Supreme Court of Minnesota has never Pronounced the statute In question to be uns constitutional, and probably never will take that position. - ‘Tho only deciston adverse to the observance of tha luw hag been made by aloval Judge, haying a jurisdiction commen surgjo with our Cireult Court, and his de elsion on this point, rs we aro Informed, was made after Mr, Washburn’s cle tlon, Tho dictum of a subordinate Court upon 9 constitutional question dues notidlspose of a statute in any ease, butit certalnly cannot haye on ex post fucto bear Ing to unseat Mr, Washburn, because the olection oflleers obeyed a law of the Stata that had not oven been questioned, Thesecond point tn this casa fs that Mr. Springer himself, who is so conspleuously active in the effort to unseat Mr, Washburn, holds his own seat by virtue of a majority which was made up of numbered ballots. Tho law of Ulinolg hag required election ofilcers to number the ballots In general elections during the past clghteen years ‘The constitutlonulity of the faw Jits been de nied by alat prius Judges in thls State 03 well as In Miunesota, but tho election oillcers are aecustomedt to follaw the iew, and they will continue to do so untll the Suprema Court shall pronounce it unconstitutlonal, Menee Mr, Springer ty in the preposterous attitude of demanding the exclusion of Mr Washburn, who was elected to Congress by a larger majority thun Springer, because Washburn’s ballots wore numbered just as Sprluger’s were. ‘These facts reveal the iu- funy of the proceeiling, In Its argument for a repeal of the paper duty, The Wiusun wa the gtostion entirely frutt uw stanibpali of self, [tthe duty Ja takun fr paper and the compunvnt chemicals, the amount of such tax must be muda good by the public in sume other forn.—Heenfiy News, ‘The revenue derlyed from tha duty on print-paper last year (1879) amounted to the cnormons stn of 173 dollar and 40 cents. Does tho News really think it would) oppress the public “to make good this amount in some other forms ‘The revenue derived from soda-ash wis unier haifa milion dollars In 187), and that from wood and straw pulp about $1,000; totith $501,173, uot reckoning the 40 cents, Now the surplus revenue of the Government for the month of January atone exceeded clerei smiltons, aud tho, surplus’ revenue for this mouth will not be mugh less, ‘Lhe Goverte ment Is obtaining from the American peoply 100 1ili}1ons a year more than St needs for Its support. What nonsense, then, to say that the miserable repressive tax on paper, pulp, and sada-ash fy needed fur revenue urposest ‘Tho pubtle will have ho tax “to make goo In some othor form If theao three artleles are untaxed: Congress should repeal W 10 “76 millions of the oxtsting taxes a8 NO Jonge? required, and thereby fighten tho publi burdens, It would atl! havo far more, st" plus than an economteal agd ¢ ell-cor, Government has any use tus. ‘The wi Press Association have carefully consilere i the fareleal “Joss af revenue” objection 7 up by orgnns of tho paper monopoly, ad In thelr memorial to Congress this 1s what they unanimously say about itt Jn the opinion of your petitioners the resent derived from the import tax on suid eheutlents {a no longer needed by the ‘Trousury, wich 19/8 Tecolpt uf a very larys surplus income, and rae ly any revenue bus bocn obtasnod from tho! es on printlug-paper for many years, 0s inks “ is tleully probibitory, Nor da we bellovo that io wise hugnog orsuund palloy ina Government ie pondent on goueral Intelligence for ita stab! f ta lovy roproasive taxes on populur wduention tho form of Bilbios, schopl- books, mnngualies i newspapers, by rendering them deur nd 4 publicution noodtesly pxpausive, Tused the dnowledge should be the lust resurt for mupeyind wants of the Treasury. “ Phe Hlinols Press “Adsoelation speak lu bo*