Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 29, 1880, Page 4

-Bixtoen Page Payor, ‘ ment of George Learock. The Gribawe. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. DY MAIL-IN ADVANGE—POSTAGE PREPAID. am ftont aitera DOUDIG BN GOL.» os00 0 ers Batarday Edition, sixteen pau WEEKLY EDITION Bpeciman copies sent frec. Gtvo Poat-Office adiresa in fall, inclnding State and Connty, i Romittances may be made elthar by draft, expross, Poat-Office ordor, or tt registored tettar, at oug riak, TRUMS TO CITY SULSCHMIERS, Dally, doliversd, Sunday excepted, 24 cents per week. Dally, dolivored, Bunday included, 80 conts por wook. Address THE TRIHUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearborn-ats., Chicago, 11, ——_——— POSTAGE, Entered at the Post-Ofice at Unieago, IL, as Beeont= Class Matter, For the benett of our patrons who desire to send single copies uf Tm TRIBUNY through tha mall, Wo sive hevemith tha transtentrata of postnyor |, 9 canta. ea Eight and Trolve Pago Paper. Rt Paper. Kightand twelve Page Papar. Biltcen Page Pape la {TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES., ‘Tne CHICAGO TRIBUNE has established branch offices for the rocoSpt of subscriptions and advertlse~ ments ss follows: NEW YORK—Room 2 Tribune Bultding. ¥.T. Mc- Fappss, Manager. PAIS, France.—No. 16 Rue do jn Grango-Batelere. H, MAMLER, Agent LANDON, Eng.—Amorican Exchange, 40 Strand. 4 MeVicker's Theatre, Madison street, botwoan Dearborn and Stato, En- gogoment of tha Hoston Theatre Company. "Drink." Hooley’s Thentre. Tandolph strest, betweon Clark und LaSalle. En- Begement of tha Weathersby-Goodwin Fraliques. “Hobbies.” Haverly's Thentre. Dearborn street, corner of Monruc, “The Galley Blave.” Olymple Theatre. Clark atroot, botweon Itnndolph and Lake, Engaro- “Philip Gordon, Minor," Hershey Muste-Iralt. Madison streot, botwoon Stata and Dearborn. T'rof, Richard A. Froctor. “Other Worlde aud Other Buns." Centrot Muste Hall. Gorner Randolph and Stato streets, Lecture by Robert Ingersoll. | #nv, “Tom Paine.” APOLIO COMMANDERY, NO. 1, KNIGHTS TEMPLAN—Attention, Bir Knigite ho funeral of Bir Knight Loomia H, Bullock wil take pince riday m Sit lenlglis sno doniro to attend will rons carriage to tho N, W, it, Depot, uy, cars to Hosetilll. Kuturning, will arrive abort 448 o'clock pm, nt donot, from Hence by cae See ES eet ander of the kininant ite ent or ve th Slmaddor | AUENIY 8, TIBBANY, luecarder. HOME LODGE, No. 416, 1. 0,0.F.—The mombera will assomblo at thelr hall, cur, Clark sind Washingtetie Bts.. ot 10 u'cluck, shurp, t¢ attond the fungrul Of lito, Brothers of tho SHS, ffaihtunly invited tonttond. Ny omet-at ally Invited to-nttond : eee “HOM, HUGILES, N. G. — — ————— OOOO THURSDAY, JANUARY 2%, 1890. ——— AMAN In Iowa fel from his horse while drunk the other day and broke his neck, His 2+ widow has brought sult for $5,000 damages against the anloontteeper who sold her hus- band the liquor. Yue Itnols Department of the Grand Anh fof.tho Republic began yesterday tn thid MEY its fourteenth adrual encampment, There ate over 1,000 members of this Depart- mont, and the present reunfon is well at- tended. From reports presented it 1s shown that the organization in Illinols has more i; than’ doubled {ts ‘strongth within tho past year, besides organizing a Department in In- diana. —— A-surr was begun yesterday in the United States Court in this elty to recover dainnges for Infringement of 0 patent for the manu- facture of oleomuargarine, and In 2 synopsis of tho bill which is printed in anothor col- winn a descriptton is given of thefp .¢ manufacturing alleged butter from animal fat, It would seem that thero are largo sales and heavy profits in the businers, as dam- ages to tho amount of $100,000 are claimed on account of the Infrlngement. ' An organization in this city calling Itself the Deaf Mute Christian Assoclation lis lately been perfected, and plans adopted for securing contributions of monoy in ald of the movement. It appears, howaver, that a con- siderable, portion of the deaf mutes of Chi- yago regard tho Association with disfavor and suspicion, as they held a mveting last evening nud adopted resolutions donounclag the thing as an Imposition and unworthy of public stpport. ‘Ti last refuge of the minority ina legis- Intive body—that of preventing the enact- ment of an odlous measure by declining to vote and thereby destroying a quorum—is now sought to be destroyed by a proposed amendment to the rules of the National Bouse of Representatives, offered yesterday by Mr. Tucker, of Virginia, This proposi- tlon, which in effoct enables thé majority to transact business In the absence of a quorum of mombers yoting, 1s supported by the Dem- ocrats, and earnestly opposed by the Repub- licans as wrong, unconstitutional, and par tisan. Timey havo been having a negro exodus in Virginia of which Shenandoah County has recelved tha benetit,—though the white oper- atives who sutfer by this-Inilux of competl- tive labor regard It ds anything but s benefit, ‘The proprictors of sume large fron furnaces thera have lutely begun to substitute negrocs Yor whi{to operatives, and the latter forthwith organized to forcibly prevent the newcomors from tilling thelr places, An attack was inado by the whites ‘Tucsday night, and the trouble became so serious that the Governor dns ordered out a force of milits to quell the disturbance, At lust accounts the situation wasof a threatening character, and hostilities were In a fair way to be renewed by-the white Thoters, In adjourning to meet on the first Wednes- flay of Augnst-the Fuston Legislature tn Malne accepts the Inevitable and retires crushed by a humiliating and disgraceful de- eat, Tho naulug of a future day for reas- sembling carries with it no promise or probu- Dillty that tho batlicd consplrators will ever put manother appearance as a Rump Legis- lature; they have taken this way of ietting thenwelves down easy, and will never bo heard ‘of again os @ legislative body, ‘The true Legislature will whortly dnd all the Fustonists fn Maine {n thelr seats who wero lawfully elected, provided the Jepublicans do ‘not conclude to inake on exau plo ‘of then for the benellt of all futuro would-be State-stealers by declaring allthely seats vacant und ordering new elco- tlons, In any vyent, It is ta bo hoped that the Laglslature will for once depart froma ‘precedent that never had tho warrant of justice or equity, and which has grown Joto gross abuse of the power of spending the ‘peoply’s money, by sinuinurily squelc)ing the vontestants “who ‘may pitt ina clulin to the THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE:. THURSDAY, JANUARY: 29, 1880. tine refusing to yote the contestants a penny ofcompensation. It has been customary to soothe the feolings of an unsuccessful clalm- ant by giving him the pay he would receive it awarded the sent, and an oxcellent oppor- tunity Js now presonted for reforming tls abuso, ot + Evoores upon the life anil public services of tha Iate Zacharinh Chandler, United States Senator from Michtgan, wero yesterday de hivered in the Senate and House, The some- what overdone practice of paying Con- grésstonal tribiites tothe memory of decensed menbers hag, in Its application to persons of comparatively ttle consequence to the Nation os a whole, roudered occasions of the kind commonplace and of slight In- terest; but such was not tho caso yesterday, when earnest, meaning words wero. spoken of a mn. whosd serv. fces Inve Ieft thelr mark in the history of lis country, and gained a pince such as few public mon have held in the hearts of overy true lovor of that country. Yostorday’s culogies, both In respect of their subject and of thelr eloquence and sincority, were n notable exception, and well worthy of tho prominence given thom In the public prints and in the records of the American Congress. panccnalieremaianaiaeeacanty Front the report of tha Postmaster-Genoral of the United States for the year ending Juno 30, 1879, it scoms that the receipts were $30,041,082, and thd expenditure $35,199,800, leaving a deficlency of $5,107,010, ‘Thu estl- mintes for tho present year ending mlilsum- mer, 1880, are, for expeniliture, $30,020,000, and receipts, $82,210,000, leaving .a deficit of $7,710,000, Itseems to make no sort of dif- ference to Brady and his “star” Ine con- tractors what the postal recelpts may be, ns they are bound to spend far more than the revenue of the Department. Congressshould appropriate the recelpts and not one .cent more, and force it tobe self-sustaining, The receipts from postage are abundant for this purpose If they were economically expended; ‘but they never will be so long as Congress goes on voting taxes to pay deficiency bills. Tho tnx-caters of the Brady sort will always spend more than the receipts if they are per- mitted, no matter if the Incomo of the Post- Office Department were 100 millions a year. Tum efforts of the Chicago Importers to obtain relief from ‘the burdens unjustly im- posed wpon them under the existing Inws governing the transportation of goods In bond to Interior ports of delivery are mect- ing with a very gonern! coUperation among Western merchants, and there is au excel- lent prospect that Representative Morrison, of Iilinols, will be able soon to discover the existence of a strong and earnest demand for such legislation on the subject as is proposed in the Aldrich bill, Mr, Shackleford, the Surveyor of Customs at Louisville, has written a letter to Collector Smith, of this clty, expressing Ils approval of the bill, and Secretary Sherman, doubtless mind- ful that the West Is a big country when it comes to be considered In reference to Presi- dentin! possibilittes, promises is hearty ald to “any bill that will promote the ready and anfe transportation of goods Inbond.” So it will be seen there isn general awakenlug tn the matter that promises wall for the success of the nvasure in Congress, a Tre Democratic House, after ignoring the needs of the navy for the past fiveycars, Is now haying its attention called to the fact that our so-called naval establishment Is 8 mockery in the eyes of the world and a dis- erica to the American name, There have | been discovered after n vigorous search among tho navy-yards 148 Vessels which aro supposed to belong to the naval arm of tho service, of which munber forty-eight are be- Heved to be capable of withstanding the jar incident to the discharge of a hundred-pound gun. How many discharges of such ordnance these vessels would flont under has not Deen ascertalned to n nicety, bit it ‘Isa well-known fact that, with the exception of those vessels bullt or thoroughly over hauted within the Iast ten years, there Js much rottenness {n the thnbers of the hulks which are expected to act os a bulwark against foreign armor-plated ships in the event of a war with any Europesn nation. The proposition now Is to thoroughly reor- ganizo and renovato the navy, and to bulld each year three or four vessels that will com- pare In offensive or defensive qualities with those of any European Power, and thus by degrees bulld up 4 floct that would prove equal to any omergency that might arise. A thorough investigation of the subject has disclogeil the fact that the proposed upbutld- lig will provea moro gigantic undertuking than was at first suppo: Tne effect of the “boom” fn the fron and steel business In inviting the importation of forelgn iron and stecl fs partlally disclosed. by tho report of imports and exports during November, 1870. It will bo remembered that tho advance In the price of fron In this country began in Juneand July, 187, At that time fron and steel production in England was practically suspended.. ‘The high prices In this country revived the trado in Great Britain, and, though the British manufuet- urers were notable fulrly to get under way until about the 1st of October, It will be seen ‘that at the close of November thoy had In- ereasoi thotr expoftations to this country im- mensely, Tho following table gives the quantities imported in November, 1878, and November, 1879: + NOVEMURIT, ELEVEN MONTIUA. Pounds | rounde The annexed table gives the.values of the articles Imported during the eleven months of 1878 and 1870: NOVEMBEA, (| BLEVEN MOS. During the ofeyen months of 1870, ending Noy, 30, the value of our forelgn imports, exclusive of coin and bullion, was about $54,000,000 greater than tn the same months of 1878, ‘The “balance of trade” isina falr way to be overs ME. ene ‘Tux census of 1870 furnishes some curlous atatistics concerning the population of North Carolina, ‘The total white population of the United states, born In North Carolina, was 608,446, while tho resident whites in North Carollua wumbered 643,245, showing that 918,201 had moved away. ‘Tho native negro population of North Carolina inthe United States was 409,20, of whom 870,231 resided in the State, showing an oxodus of 89,081, or atotal of 917,28) who had left for pisces where they could do batter. ‘Twenty-alx per seats orenpled by Ropublicans by virtue of | cent of the “Whites and % per cent of the the Supreme Court decisions, and at the samo | blacks had icft tho State, and of the 89,03t negroes -who had gono, thera wore at that time but 1,854 In Indiana, Since that time the exodus of both negroes and whites has been Jargely Increased, and it is a curlous fact there Is no movement of people Into North Carolina to take their places, which of itaolf Is pretty conclusive evidence that itis Avery good State to get away from, If the whiltes are so eager to leave why should not the blacks be equally cager ? If no fault ts found with the whites, why aro the blacks persecuted? They hnva tho samo right to BO ———— A Ciucago dispatch to London, dated Jan. 10, says: “There is an immense grain blockndo hero, ‘The clovutorg, which have n capacity of 10,000,000 Dushels, are nearly filled, and about 1,000,000 bushels are afloat. Tho blockade has been brought about by tho constant purchases of tho syndicate having forcod pricos to a point at which it {a unproiitable to ahtp grain.” Chiengo clovators are nearly full, but wo ean searcely be sald to be blockaded yot; and {tla not certain that tho present situation hasbeen brought about by constant pur- chases of 9 syndicate, The Chicago ware- houses are still receiving grain, and it would sppear that the high prices wore brought about by general belicf that the grain would sell for nore money in tho spring than early In the winter, There igno doubt that n good deal of It ts helt on account of parties In Now York, who have mnde speculative purchases through brokers here; but, as the rolls on, there Is less anil teas renson to suppose that the greator portion of It Is held by or for any ong man or sot of men acting In partnership. ‘The grain is owned collectively by sovernl scores of men, and much of it 13 changing hands potentially every fuw days, thongh the receipts may remaln‘in the hands of a few who are carrying the property from one month to another ns o legitimate method of employing thoir capital ‘The re- ceipts of grain in this city are largely bought by men who sell It the same day to be de- livered In some future month, and make a profit of & to 10 per cent per annum on the uso of their capital in handling the property. ————— INTERIOR EXPORTS AND IMPORTS. Mr. Nimmo, Chief of the Bureau of Sta- tistles of the Treasury Department at Wash- ington, gives considerable space In his forth- coming report to the subject of direct trade between Interlor points In the United States and foreign countries. Ho attributes its do- velopment to combinations between railway and steaniship companies, the establishmont of telegraphic communteation between trade centres, etc.; but declares that there are ob- vious limits to the possibilities of Its expan- sion, ns, the fact of the shipper’s choice of markets between the forelgn and the home, since ‘¢a very large proportion .of the prod- ucts of the West” {s, and will continue to be, required for domestic consumption. Both these reasons assigned for the growth of the foreign trade of tho Interior strike us ns supertieint, Instead of this foreign trade being promoted by the combinations of rail- way and steamship companies, the actual existence of the trade forced the combina- tions; andthe theory [Is equally fallaclous that o large share of Western products des- tined ullimately for 8 forelgn market will generally bo warelhofsed at coast ports with a view to a cholee between the Atlantic seaboard home market and the European market. The direct export trade from tha interlor dates {ts rise from the time when Western merchants had: ac- cumulated sufficient capital to handle It, Proviously tt fell Into the hands of the New. York commlssion-merchants, possibilities of the expansion of this trade are the exact equivalent of the foreign de- mand for eonnodities producea in the In- terior, Mr. Nimmo gives tho direct exports of Chicago in 1878 ng 192,474 tons, and fn 1878 ag 602,018 tons, and the valuc of such ex- ports in the latter year as about $46,000,000, ‘Shese of course consist principally of grain and meat products. But In tho course of time the West will produce a variety of other manufactured articles for which thera willbe a foreign demand, and when that tine comes they will be exported direct. Mr, Nimmo states the law of all trade move- nents admirably in the following paragraph, which overthrows hls own theory as to the lnuted possibilities of the foreign trade of interior points in the United States, He says: “{ho tondenoy of tho fuollities for direct trado between distant poluts is to promote active competition between commerdial citics, and to agoure to ouch olty that shure of the gonerul commerco of the country to which it Is entitled by virtuo of its goographical position, its cap- ital, and the intelligence with which ita come merolal operations are conducted." Mr. Nimmo gives a detatled history of tho Jaws regulating the Importation of merchan- aise at Interlor points, from the act of 1831 to that of July 14, 1870, under which it is now conducted, All tho laws provious to that of 1870 were calculated more to hinder than promote direct Jmportations to the interlor; and the Iatter act gave appralsoment only at the port of final destination, compelling tho interior Importer to give bond and make entry at tho coast port, and excluding from Its privileges wines, Mquors, artleles In’bulk, perishable articles, otc. Of the trade under this act Mr, Nimmo gives full statistics, covering the period 1873-1878, both inclusive, and showing that, while the yalue of such imports to all interlor ports In 1873 was $0,051,352, In 1873 It was only $8,822,612, showing o falllng-off of half o million dollars, Hoshows also that tho valuo of imports at Chicago for 1873 was $3,180,571, while In 1678 it was but $3,003,018, a falling- off of nearly haifa million dollars, ‘There are spectal reasons for tho large imports In Chieage in 1873, The elty was In process’ of rebuilding, and there were large importations of epecinitles, as pinta glass, Stocks of mer- chandiso were destroyed by tho fire of Octo- ber, 1871, and had to be renewed. Besides, business was very actlve until the collapse of that year, Thore is another reason worthy of especial note-namely; the exceptlonally great frauds on the revenue perpetrated at the Port of Now York grew up in 1871/7273, ‘Tho foreign manufacturers took possession of tho New York Custom-House througl thelr agonts, and morchandise~allks, yelyets, ribbons, ote—was passed at such under- valuations ag to operate as & prohibition against all lonest Importers in those Jnes‘of guods, Insnother class of goods—grocers’ stocks—oxcessive allowances for damage were nude, which drove out all honest tn- porters In that line of trade, In both these branches of trade Chicago Smportera were forced to suspend forelgn purchases ‘entirely sud compelled to buy of New York importers who were robbing the revenue, But those special reasons aside, Mr, Nim- no's statistics, showing the operation of the 1 'T, Bond act of 1870, constitute an excellent commentary on the restrictive character of tholaw. ‘The roport shows the enormous and raplit expansion of the direct export trade of Chieago,—an oxpansion occurring during the period in which its direct foreign luport trade steadily fell off! Comment Is unnecessary., ‘he oxport trade Is free, un- hampered by restrictive etututes and regula- tons; the import trade is hide-bound,—em- barrassed by provisious of law only a step re- moved froin prohibition, Mr. Nimmo seems to hold just views with The ulthuate | regard to the rightsof Intorlor importers, Mo says: “Tho subject of direct importation nt fnterlor Ports hna been bero presented with somo degree of particularity on account of the posalbilities which {t embraces, rathor than from tho fact that [tis now, or ever has been, a commeroint movoment of any vory considerable magnitude, Novertholess, pubilo sontiment In this country {s strongly in favor of affording tho greatest possible fucllities for the gtirect importation of merchandise nt interior potits compatible with tho proper protection of the rovonuo from cug- toms, Tue fact ts generally recognized that tho customs service should, in this regard, be Ao conducted ns to facilitate tho {mportatlon of merchandise at Intorior ports, and in no caso unnecessarily to olog the wheols of commoros."" The customs services cannot be so con- ducted ag to properly facilitate the business of direct {imports to the interfor undor the act of 1870, “Public sentiment’ Is “strongly In favor of affording tho greatest possible facill- thes” for such direct importation, IMenco tho conclusion that tho bill on the subject pending In tho House Introduced by Mr, Aldrich, or the one Introduced in the Sonate on Tuesday Inst by Gen, Logan, ought to pass nt once. ———— THE ADAMS THEORY OF COMBINATION. When Mr, Charles Francis Adan, Jr, ap- peared before tho Commerce Committee of tho National Mouse of Ropresontatives to discuss the Reagan’ Railroad bill ho admit- ted that ho was inthe employ of the ratl- roads, but disnyoweit thd intention of repre- senting thelr Interests on that particular occasion, Novertholess his remedy of *fed- eration,” which {8 simply combination or pooling, Is in the direct ling of the policy which the chief railroad corporations are now pursuing, and which, more than any- thing else, has aroused tho public demand for National interference, Le admitted that the general principles of the Reagan bill are correct, in so far ns they require publicity of rates and provibit discrimination, He also declared himself in favor of a National Board of Railway Connutssioners, but he would Mmlt the duties of such s Board to arbitration of disputes between railronds and tho compilation of reports and statistics. In other words, Afr, Adams advocates the Fink plan (which may, indeed, linve been orlgi- nated by Mr. Adama) of compelling the rall- rond corporations by Natfonal low to enter {nto one common pool and conform to the terms ‘thereof, Sueha plan might be favor- nvle enough to the corporations, but it does not appear how it would protect the mter- ests of the public, ; If It be admitted that Mr, Adams’ theory of competition and combination be correct— viz.3 that competition js a strugale for exist- ence, in which only the fittest can survive, and that combination Is the parent of econ- omy, tha Interests of the public are still en- titted to protection, as well as the interests of tha rallrond-corporations. ‘The corpora- tions in nil cases are creatures of the people, andin most cases enjoy special privileges, —donatlons, subsidies, and grants of a public character, ‘Tho Adams plan of National su- pervision contemplates only on enforcement, by Government power, of agreement bo- tween the railroads and notica to the publle of the nature of that agreement. If such combination were hostile to the Interests of the people, the people would still be power- lesa to protect ‘themselves, except through thotortuous, tedious, and ineffective processes of litigation that now exist. A practical illustration may be found In the Fink pool, which now controls thirty-four railroad cor- porations, This pool, under tho dictation of Mr. Vanderbilt, has inerensed the rate be- tween Chicago and New York from 16 cents per 100 pounds, which was charged Inst sum- aner, ta 45 cents per 100-pounda, which, is tho prevailing rate. The Hepburn Cammittec of tha New York Leglalature have ascertained ‘by competent testimony: that 16 cents per 100 pounds was adiving rite Inst August; they have also found that it is not costing the rall- roadg any more at the present time to haul 100 pounds between Chicago and New York than it cost them Inst August; nevertheless, the corporations now exactfrom the public near- ly threatimesthe living rate. If there wero a National Commission whose powers were limited under the law to compelling the rafl- roads In the Fink pool to ablde by the terns of the combination, how could that Commis- sion asalst thepublic to escape the extortion ? It may be that’ a Government Rallrond Commission representing the people would bring about the combination which Mr. Ad- ams believes to bo the truo solution of the rallroad problem; but such a combination should recognize the rights of the public as well as the interests of the corporations, ‘This would bo finpossible If Government supor- vision were confined to arbitration between the rallroads, Protection of public interests requires that rates shall be uniformly falr and rensonable; that thera shall be no unjust discrimination against places or persohs by rebates or drawbacks; that the rnilronds shall not charge more for a shorter than for alonger distance; that dividends shall not be oxncted upon watered stock; that extor- ton shnll not be practiced through the agency ‘of parasite compantes and rings; that rates shall not merely bo public, but that they shall be maintained during a stipulated term, and changed only after a propor notice. Gov- ernment Interference which should merely legaliza “ federation,’ or pooling, would not secure any of these essential features of public protection, though o system of Government supervision which should assure these principles might result In practical combination, or the hannontaing of rallrond Interests for purposes of untform- Sty and economy. Federation among rail- ronda may be sald to oxist In France, but it is under a Government supervision that con- sults the public intercsts primarily. An agreed rate mayXgerve the middlomep, though it be arbitrary and extortionnte, but that condition alono will not savo the pro- ducor nor the consumer from Injustice and oppression. Government interference will alford tho mass of the people no rellef from railroad abuses if [t shall merely expose ex- tortion or discrimination but not punish ft, or if itshall merely compel the raliroads to abide by agreements among thomselyes that may be uniformly unfair to the public, Itlsto be feared that Mr, Adaius was not able to throw olf the charnotor of railroad attorney when he mado his arguiuent bofore the Committee on Commerce, —— THE COLLAPSE O¥ THE YWUSION CON- SPIRAS oY, It seoms to be conceded on all sides that the Intest opinion of the Supremo Court of Maine has put an ond to the contention tn that State og to the control of the Legtalature and the State Government. This third opin- Jon was brought out by an application of the Fustonists clalining the right, ag the lawful Legislature, to demand a construction of the law from the Suprema Court. ‘The Court re- fused to anawor tha questions thus submitted to It, because they wore not presented bya legully organized legialative body; but, in glylng tho reasons for taking this ground, tho Court went over tha entlre controversy In brief, and made a cloar exposition of. the rela- tive status of the contonding partics, Tho Supreme Court recognizes as a duty ths responsibility of deciding between dif- ferent bodies of men that claim severally to be the Leylslature of the State, because It will be called on to pass upon the validity of tho laws that shail be framed, the appolnt- ments that shall be made, the taxea that: shall be levied, and the other acts doue in legtelative onpaalty. Hence the Court must ascertain for tselt which of the contending bodies lawfully represonta tho People, from whom the Legislature derlyea its powor. In making this inquiry tho Court finds that the Fuslon claimants ara a body which was constituted upon cortificates and summonses that were unlawfully tasuod; that the Fusion Legislature has never hod ® quorum of members ‘holding regular and Jawful certificntes; that the uncon: atitutional and illegal methods pursued by Gov. Gareclon and his Council in dls regard of the oMetal Instructions of tho Supreme Court, which wero given under tho Constitution of the State, could not cronte 9 Inwful Legislaturo; and that henco the body propounding the questions fs not a lawfully- constituted Legistature, ‘Tho Court further holds that there cannot bo two Legislatures, and that one lawful Leagisinture, with a quorum in cach House of members who appeared from tho returns to be elected, had completed its organization, If such organization was postponed, It was {n the hope that protest would prevall to ac- eure tho rights of members ‘unltwfully excluded from tho other Legislature, and, if there have beer irregularities In the manner of organizing, that they wero occasioned by the eircumstances attending an attempt at usurpation, There have been no vital defeéts in the organization of tho lawful Legislature, however, ant the voice of tho people Js not te bo stifled nor true gov- ernment to be overthrown on account of an unayoldable departure from tho usunt forms of organization, It Is held, therefore, that the Legislature organized Jan. 12, with o legal uuorum of clectad members, which sub- sequently choss Davis Governor, Is the legal, constitutional, and only Legislature of the State. This opinion, liko tho two which preceded it, Is unanimous, It ig also final, ‘Pho Fu- slonlsts seem disposed to accept It as concin- sive. “Gov.” Smith says ho ts tired of play- ing Governor. The Iawfully-elected Sena- tors and Representatives who have been act- Ing with the Fusion Legislature (or the most of them) willsoon join the Inwful Legisia- ture; the officers who have been netlng un- der authority of tha Fusion Legisinture will abandon tholr preposterous claims, and tho State Government of Male will be administered fawfully and peacefully durlng the year by tho agents whom the peoplo appointed, ‘That the vindl- ention of Inw and order has been accoin- pilshed without violence or bloodshed, Is due to the paticnce, self-restralut, good Judg- ment, and unabating firmness of the Repub- Heans, who, while maintaining thelr rights, have sought to assert them according to the forms of Iaw. For this tho Republicans of Maine deserve the spproyal and gratitude of tho country. What has the Democratic party gained by the desperate effort that was made to seize the Government of Maine in defiance of the popular will? Had the attemptat usurpation been successful, a temporary purty advantage ands possible reversal of tho popular will by a fraudulent Returning Board at the Pres- {dential election next fall might have brought some compensation for the infamy involyed inthe conspiracy, But failure has left the Democrats without consolation, Thoy have been convicted of n revolutionary project against popular government, and at the same time deprived of the fruits of thelr scheme. It Is not the Maina faction of the party alone which must bear the disgrace that attaches to unsuccessful usurpation, for the local con- splrators were encouraged by the party press and party managers, a3 a rule, throughout the country. ‘The party was willlng to avail itself of the Maine conspiracy, had It suc- ceeded, and must, consequently, share tho ‘public condemmation which is the only end that has beon renchod. ‘The recklesness and viclousnessof the Democratic attempt to steal the State of Muine will react upon tho party notonly in that State but throughout avery Stata in the Nort! BAYARD ON GREENBACKS, Senator Bayard on Tuesday made his long- expected speech in favor of the démonotizn- tion of greonbacks, ‘This speech, like all the other oxpressions In favor of this scheme, falla to polut out how tho legal-tender notes Interfere with the business or tho credit of the Nation or tho people; it also falls to volnt out how thelr loss from the debt-paying currency of the country is to be supplied, quid fully to tall where the country Is to ob- taln tho gold, and how It ts te retain the gold In cage a demand for exportation should be made, : Tho Senator discussed tho whole question from the narrow standpoint of the I¢tter of the Constitution, and uvaded tho fact that the isaug of thesu notes had been pronounced to beconstitutional by declaring that declslon tobe “most alarming and dangerous.”. Upon this polnt he sald: “ Loonsidur tho construotion of the Constitu- tlon by the Supreme Court in the Jogul-tender casos to bo alarming and most dungerous, for I understand it to rest the power to tssuo legal- tondor notes upon the existence of somo great emergonoy, of which Congress Ig the Judge. As tho Constitution was intended for tho reatraint of majorities, and to koup all power there not delegated within the asaignod luits, Itie obvi- ous that the necesalty fur mulutaining its pro- visions 1s grouter In proportion tu the oxvite- monts and dangers of the hour. Yet, by the ine terpretation of the Bupreme Court, thy hour of trial of tho Constitution ie the hour of {ts full- rg, itisnever so weuk as when it should bo most strong,"* . What was this great emergency? 1t waa welyll war for the destruction of the Union, for tho destructlonof the Constitution, and for the annihilution of the National exlatence, "Lo meut this emergency money was needed by the Government. Tho most conspicuous duty of the Government was to mafutain tts own existence, and {n so doing maintain the political righta, privileges, and Nberties of the wholg people, ‘Lhe Constitution did not in terms declare that Congress might {ssuo logal-tondér paper money; but the Constitu- tlon, having made ft the duty of the Govern- ment to mafntain the integrity and tho au- thority of tho Nation, also directly clothyt the Government with tho power “to borrow money on the credit of the United States; “tu ralay and support armies”; “to provide and-malntain a navy”; and ‘to make all laws which may bé necessary and proper for varrylng Into execution the foregoing pow- J ers” ‘The {saue of. United States notes and declaring them to bo logal-fender was but making a loan, “borrowing moncy on the credit of the United States.” In tha.hour of extremity, when the money needed could not be otherwise borrowed, with sixteen States In actnat or quasi rebellion, with a hulfruillion‘men In arms, holding one half the territory of the Union by armed {oreo and threatuning tho sclzure of the Capital, Congrogs resorted to this form of borrowing money, Tho Supreme Court held that, the necessity existing, Congress exercisud 3 power constitutional. under the ‘clreum- utances, thus demonstrating that the Consti- tutlon “In the hour of ‘trlat” conferred wuple powers for Its own protection, Did tho Constitution fail In that tour of Nutlonal peril? Mr, Bayard would have dented, os most of his Demigoratio associates did, the power of Congress to make thia loan, Upon tho alternative of issuing this paper and pre- serving the Union, and the Constitutfou, and the Government, or of withholding the paper and letting Constitution, and Union, and Goy- ernment perish together, Mr, Bayard would haya insisted that it was bettar to let.greryr thing go to general smaah, Including the Constitutlon, than to take ono doubtful step to preserve them all, Mr. Bayard may think the wisdom and the patriotisin of the mon who wore In power In that hour of porll; had thoy been of his tomper and of his judgment atthat time, Mr. Bayard, Instead of boing a Senator of the United States, cultivating a personal boom to be tho Executive of 6 nation of freemen, would now bo 4 minal satrap In on obscure corndr: of 1 confederady, traficklng fn slaves, and preaching the eternal right to buy and sell humnn creptures as tho perfection of politheal acleneo and of clvillzod government. The wisdom, the courage, and the patriotism of tho men of 1863 who refused to seo that the best way to gave the Constitution waa to allow it to bo destroyed, tha Union dlanom- bored, and the American peoplo bo divided Into aliens and slaves, has presorved to Mr. Bayard the privilega of denouncing the tiensure that rescued him and tho little parish he represonts from being buried untdor tho shadow of nelvilization accursed by the united yolce of humanity. From such fate the act of 1803 saved him and the few Iuindred free people ha now’ representa, Mr. ayard admits that the legal-tender notes are convertible into gold; ho admits that thelr clrentatton 1s In preference to coin; he admits that no one objects to thom as money; nevertheless ho demands thelr re- tlreament lest thelr continued existence should furntsh a precedent for other issues. All this is Idle talk. Mr. Bayard muy as well declare at oneo thathe speaks in behalf of searce money aud of dene moncy; that he speaks in belialf of those who Jend money, sell money, trafile and speculate in inoney; of those whose Interest It Is to hava money scare nnd dear, and who alm to sceure this end by demonetizing atl forma of monoy save gold, Ilo cchoos in the Senate the demands of tha money-traders and gamblers of Wall street, Heavould make money dear and tho aceumtlations of Inbor chenp; ho would add to the value of mortgages and reduce that of the mortgaged property; he would render 1t more dificult, If not tmpossible, to pay debis, that the accumttlutions of the many should pass Into the possession of tho fev, =—_—_— A new Industry has sprung up In Con- gress, or at lonstin the Bonate,—tho House not having yot ndopted tt, The privilege of * leave to print” Iseften asked by those Congresainen wha can write hotter than they can speak. but that sort of thing always looks Ike the job of a Journoyinan, and not like a master workman, Now tho quiet fellows got some of thd dramatle and declumatory Senators ta doliver thelr spocches for thom. Cockrell, of Missourt, is wetting an cuviuble reputation as an orntorical substitute, Laat wook ho intuned a specoh for Coke, of 'Lexas, who was sick, and ho did it 60 {mprosstvoly that it seomed us 1f tho ghoat of Webstor hud returned to awe them with his power. It laa good scheme for Scnators with n poor dolivery. Cockrell makes no charge for those kindly services. ‘tne New York Central Rallroad stoak is auld tobe tho best Investment of the kind in tho United States. ‘The dividends pald by the Com- puny from 1858 tu September, 187, amounted to $108,000,000, Itexpended an undivided surplus of $9,000,000 on tho property, and during tho past clght yours it his regularly pald an 8 per ecntdlyidend and carned a surplus of over $7,000,- 000 besiles, Morcover, the carnings for the Inst quarter of 1879 showed an finerense of nearly $1,000,000 over tho sume quarter In 1878, and, at tho present tlme, tho bualness of the Company shows net curnings equul to 14 per cent on thy enpltul stock. It Js curlous that Vanderbilt should wish to unload this valuable stock unless he has already more money than be knows what cto do with, * Tue Ohlo Legistature is looking after the henlth of the'peoplé by pussing atringont bills punishing tradesmen who adulternte food, Ono of the bills recently introduced provides that all artifiélal butter shall hive wn anulysia of Its in- gredlents stamped upon the packugo in which It ts offered for snle, That would be pretty tough on #t good dent of real butter In tho market, and would drive some deulers out of the business. It would be a good and wholesome provisivn, how- ever, to require every pnekagy a Bugur, ten, ground coffee, splees, buking-powder, Cte., ote, tobe propygly branded with tho unnlyals of tho Ingredionta, wholesome and polsonaug, of which it fy composed, Tho adulteration of food und drink lg ono of the crylog hyylonic oyils of modorn tings, © od Sava the St. Louls Globe: * Tm Omcaao TuiBuNE says that Jobn W. Forney telegraphs to tho Now York Sus that tho Philudelphia delegu- tlon tothe Chicage Convention will be solid for John Shorman, John W. Forney docsn't tole- graph anything of tho kind. ‘This highly im- portant nows Is slyned ‘J. W. 7.’ and that menns J, W. Fruzior, ia Treasury ollicial of Philadelphia, to whom Sherman's clection means four yours more of oflictt! oxistonce."” ‘Tue TumuNe stands corrected, Meantiine tho Philadelphia Pree, tho loading Hepublican journal of Pennsylvaniu, and tho paper Col. Forney founded, and of which wo beilovo ho is still part owner, {9 working against a“ third term,” and for Dlulno, woth and nail, and tho Koyastone Stato socms to be going the sama way. Tue Now York mes (Grant Ropublican) takes u Hvely whack at John Sherman's mothod of “mending bls fences” under tho ruloa of Clyll-Sorvice reform. Meforring to the Sccre- tary's efforts to secure delegutes to tho Chlougo Conyontion, and bla mannor of dolng it, tho Times remarks: . “His methods are being applied with all th doxterity i political manngement in which Br. Sherinan da un acknowledged dont and with 18 Tittle regurd to his oltictal rospanafiliitios a8 tho lonat serupuluus polltician could desire, The absurdity of selecting Mr. Shorman ys a repres sentative of political reform within the Repub) lean purty hus always bean palpable to those who kpow unything of tho mena employed by him to attain such Jntonce as he now posdessos; it wil probably bo made obyious cnongh to sate lafy the most almplo-minded of his supporters log before bls olulins ura submitted toa ou tional convention.” Genaany has a standing army of 410,000 men already, and now It is. proposed to udd to It 20,000 more. Itis producing an uncomfortable feetiug in Germany, whose people must supply the soldiers und pay all the exponses, and it is looked upon with jonlousy and distrust by tho other grout European Powers, who think it pore tonds mischief, It coats the Empire about $90,+ 000,000 ranually to support the ymmy on A peace fouting, and tho proposed increase will add €4,000,000 moro, besides ubout $7,000,000 for out- tit for the now suldicrs, 1f Germany does this it will necessitate a wliuttlyr inerensu of the nrmiva of Ntussla, France, and Austria, und tho thoughts of the peoplo will be turned to war, and war will ‘bo tho outcome, Kaneas was adniltted Into the Union as a frou State ulnetoon years ago. It required a hard atrugglo to save it from tho curso of alayery,—some blood had to be abod og well ua political strife encountered, But tho beaten sluye powor swore {in thelr wruth and prido that thoy would rend the Union from turret to foundation ruthor than aubmit to the popylur decree. History haa shown tho outcome of the struggle of tho two frroprosaible forces tn tho Natlon, Lincoln said the result would be to make tho Unton all ono thing or.ajl the othor,— ullfeco or all elave, It is all free, and Kansas ie now w powerful, prosperous State, coutaiuiag a iilllon of froe rudical people, ‘TuENE aro two inililons of dollars lying fdlu in the Olty Trousury, Oneshalf of this largo sum belongs to special funds, such ns the fund for pullding tho City-Hull, tho School-Fuynd, tho BinkfigeFund, ete, Tho ofbor million ts aubjoct appropriation by the Council, and can be used to relieve tho tuxpayeru and stop tho jesus of tax-cortiticutes to omployés ‘und orglitor, This two millions of moncy ls ylold- | ing the City Treasurur a personal porquisit of G10 per week if bo is churging the banks for its uso what they aro willing tu pay for tho con: trolof such money, Perbups bo. is making a donation’ of the 61,200 a wook to them,—yogard> ing them as churltable inatitutions. Tr bas been noticed the Clty Treas- Urer, who bas $2,000,000 of olty taxca livhis hands, ie pot urging or hounding oy the Aldormen to appropriate aud spond the woney for publlg ysos, The e¥planution of bly uyoldanco of thu Aldormon fa that cortain banks which funda nro not paying him a cent AP pis thoreon, whereas pt 3 por cont, tho intern, would amount to 5,000 8 month, or nonrly per day, ard that, Inn spirit of benovolonce, he is making donation of thia 8200 a day to the aforesaid banks, and doesn't want to disturh the, arrangement by reducing the deposits tn thoi vaults, Iunee tho City Trouatrer (8 not chastn, around after Aldormon, couxing thom to put ‘ monoy where it would do tho taxpayors tho mos, good. His Iden fa that charity begins at home, ‘Titm Atlante Constitution denies that the Demoorats of tho Bouth aro hostile to Tilden, and deolnres that, white tndividunls may hayg thelr personal ‘proferonces, thoy aro for ind will support the nominoa of the National doy vention, whoover ho may be, without n why or wherefore. It says that “Our people Perceive that the main diMoulty Hos in electing tha bem. oeritle candidate and fnstalling bin in the White Houso, rather than in any choleo between, aspirants, particularly whon thore secins to bg an abundance of good ronterial.”” Tut: Bloomington Pantagraph says: "We are authorized to annourtco that tho Hon, Juin M. Humnilton, of this county, {88 candidate tor tho Republican, nomination for the office of Licutonant-Governor, In asking tho Repu. Means of this grent Stato for tholr suffrages for thla high and reaponsiblo poaltion, Mr. Hamilton is not ucting the part of an adventurer, but in backed by a record honorable enough to merit the estvem of all mon of good Judgment, with. oitt regurd to party." ———s Tr Is commented upon by some of tho gt, Louta papera that John Sherman ta setting 1 the pins ia Tinols to scoure the delegation in the Chitago Convention through tho means at his command,—inoaning tho appointment of rey. enuo officers, and the like. Thoy hint that there. tention of Merriam, of Springfield, moans tha and nothing else, and that John Sherman ang John B, Hawloy are working togother for n com. inom pitrpose, and that fs to promote tho person. al ambition of each. 3 ConanrssMAN Cox, of New York, whose reat mane is Simuel S. Cox, 18 distingutshed for having, and baving had, more nicknames than, any inin in Congress. Hebns been popularly known ns “Sunset Cox, “Shoo-Fly” ue “Humpty Dumpty " Cox, and, since bistlit with Mr. Horr, us “ Little Buttercup" Cox. Some ‘how, his political antagontata aro happy tn In- venting a taking nicknomo to apply to the genialand witty * gontloman from New York." ‘Tuner per cent interest on the {dle money in tho City Treasury amounts to $200 a day, The City Treasurer ls making that enormous profit out of those funds, untess ho ts donating ft to tho banka by lotting thom baye tho use of the money to spcoulato on, “freo gratis, for hothing, without charging thon a cont,” us the Irishman sald. Would it not bo better for tho Councll td use this moncy for legitimate chy purposes for tho taxpnycrs? —— TneIIon. John M9. Hanulton, of Mclean County, {8 nomluuted by the Bloomingy Pantayntph og a candidate for Tieutonnnt-oee ernor, Mr. H. is supported by tho following newspapers; Hillgboro Journal, Edwanisyilte Republican, Jolict Republican, Wenona Inder, Pontlac Sentinel, Aurorn Dally News, Whiteside Sentinel, Kendal County Record, Sandwich Ai Danvilly News, and Bloomington Duty i 3 Ar the Grant banquet in Havdna the other evening thore wus no dleplay of oratory, butas earthquake for a ynriety, When Grant was fo Chictiyo tho exhibition of oloquence was the miost brilliant over witnessed in this country on nny public ocension, but no earthquake, But then tho willing tread of 500,000 grateful people, who turned out to honor tho first cltizou of the Republic, mado tho carth tremble. Sr, PAu Ploncer Press: . “ Mr, Springer, of Ilnols, generally Ngures as tho active bind hoof of the Democratio cow who kicks over the party mllk-pail, Ha baa concelyved a bill whick will revive the flerce party contest of tho extra session, and, ‘if made o party mensury ont pressed to u passage, will cost the Demooratie party oven dearor than thoir blue-ribbon Im bevillty of last year,” . Tuene is avidently no truth in the cable gram stuting that Messrs. Brounan and Davitt will contest the County of Mnyo. This would te cutirely against Mr. Parnell's policy, and be aldys Mr, O'Connor Power, tho presont inember of Parliament for Mayo, {8 ou friondly tora with both gentlemen, and it fs highly Improbs bio that thoy will oppose him, — ‘Troe St. Louls G.-D, (Grant boomer) com: plains that some of tho Presidential nsplmnts nro sveking tho office iustond of the office acck+ ing thom. Looking at the political straws that fill tha alr one would say that tho peoplo wer Just now agitating that subject a Uttle. CurerJustion Rvran, of the Wisconsin Supreme Court, Is apparently ot tho pont of death at his homo in Madison. -Ho {a nbout 7 years of ago, and was go ick Inst summer that his life was despaired of. Ho has filled tho pos: tion of Chicf Justico since 1873. a) Ti average New York logistator does not dony bimgelf any of tho comforts and coo yentonces of this Hf that ore furnished {roo of charge. Only five motybers of tho Assembly out of 100dcolned tho regular dead-bead pas! on rullroads, Senaton-Etecr Gibgon, of Louisiana, can sorvo out his presont term In tho House of Rey resentatives, get olectod, and sorve out anothet 1 tarm, before he takes his seat In the Senate Hopo doforred may make Mr, Gibson sick. Sosre of the Ohio Democratic newspapers ignore tho returns of tho lust election, and want to argue tho question whether Ohio 1a 1 Nepulr loan Stato or not, Ask Sonstor Thurman, Gem ‘Thowins Bwing, or * Uncle Dick Bishop." ————= Tue 'legislntora of Wisconsin aro discus+ ing the subject of blonnial gessiona, If thet know what u rellof it Is to have tho Legislature of Mllnois meot only once In two years, thet would adopt the syatem ut once. Tir glucose manufacturers, In DBuflale rnike front $30,000 to $40,000 por-week, Tho stock in ong concern originally yalued ut $100 csc sbaru is now worth $20,000, Tit Frooport Journal flies Grant ox! Blulno at its mast-hond, : PERSONALS, Hayden will lecture, Scuntor Blalne’s danghtor accompanies him to Washington. . “First Violin"—You lose tho bot. Gall Hamilton {3 no relation tofGaily, the troubadour Dr, Bernard Davis, an English physielat, has 1,800 sklotons for atlo, Mr. Gurovlon should olor a supply of backbone at once, ‘Mra, Ouray Is reported to, be an admirer ot Soorctary Schura, Ho {en’t what you would pretty, but he catches ‘om Just the same. Aclorgyinan lectured at Raleigh, N. C rocently on “Woman, the'Conundrum of the Niuctoonth Contury.” ‘That's too yy: answor Is fan, St. Valontino’a Day will soon arrive, and young men of atender age will buy tho beet) number of platurvs reprodonting a liver ple by a stiok, and send thom to the girls., ‘Ths Rey, Edward Eggleston, who went! Eurove not loug ago for the benellt uf his bealld. is roported tohaye losttlosh since bla depe ure, Ila yencral condition is unchanged. From the wnerring Inaccuracy with whiebt Maja, Burko and Houraoy firad at enc other near Now Orleans Wednosday, it is evident thelr propor sphoro is tho Chicugo Archery Cl! ‘Tho little Queon, who a few weeks a0 wet mulrried with qo much pomp, aud who sce! ca tho happiest of brides, did uot boar up, 6% YY oftolal prints of Madrid represented, agulnat ahuck who revulyed whop pistol bails whistled y hoy and the King’s hoads, sho hus fallen into Al state of health which givos rise to tho me spprobeusions, Fit follows upon ft. If hee King goos out unaccompanied by ber, she more duud thun alive during bis absenoe. WoM ho,takes hor with him aho mnstora her nerves’ torrors, when she isin tho streate; but tho rr inet ebo returns to the palace « collapse tk place and, she falla into u tit. ‘Ibis state things {9 compionted by the proapovt of # Pri iF or Priiceas of Austriug, which in all probably Wil, 12 Wirth fs gurvived, be ay {dior :