Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 28, 1880, Page 4

tite hitter punt) rateene siz etn pages 2:88 | citizen of the United States of 2,000,000 acres WEEKLY EDITION—PosTrAID. of land through which the proposed route : ngace, One copy, per year, 6 1.50 | P ———— t 5.00 ribet fae ieee -County, + bixteon Page Ia} , Cameron, of Pennsylvania, yesterday made ‘ ouse Special Committee on the Inter THE CHICAGO TRIRTNE: WRnarena, TANUARY 28, 1880—TWELVE PAGES tween those nations to “sit down on” the Monroe Doctrine. There 1s, however, little likelihood of truth In this report, which has the appearance of having been Invented for the purpose of working up a prejudice in America against the De Lesseps Panama project. Equally suspictous Is the story of tho existence of a grant made many years ago by the Gévernment of New Granada ton The Tribune. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. py MAU-IN ADVANCK—POSTAGH PREPAID. fratty edition, ane year. 12.00 Parte t B, Rint vr Tucan 1.00 Haition 23:99 | Mn. Bayann yesterday delivered his long- pending speech upon the resolution, offered ‘by himself; providing for the withdrawal of the legnl-tender quality from the green- backs now In the hands of the people, Ile professed to bo alarmud at tho dangorous condition of public sentiment which he de- tects In the demand from all parts of the country that Congress “let well enough alone” and stop" tinkering with tho finances.” Such blindness anckznadness as that the peo- plo of the United States should object to tak- ingaway the debt-paying powor of currency + agsafeand stable ns the gold and silver in which it {8 redeemable on domand—such a condition of popular insanity gives the Sen- ntor from Delaware great unensiness, and, ns ho declares, “only causes him to bo more vigorous Jn his determination to secure his countrymen ngainst such manifest dangers.” ‘The poor man is tn a terrible state, and if the Sennte should, as lt assfiredly will, refuse to pnss his resolution, toro fs no telling the depths of despair into which he will bo plunged. Club of tren Hpectnion cop! Gtvo Poat-OMtes address In full, including Btate and Romittaneca may he made elthor by draft, express, Post-ONico ontor, of in roglstered letter, at ote Flak, - TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBE Dalty, dellvored, Sunday excepted, 94 conta per week, Daity, delivered, Sunday incinded, 20 conta por woek. Audgose THM TIUBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearborn-ats,, Chicago, IIL ——eeoe int POSTAGE, Entered at tae Post-Ofics at Onteage, lk, az Seconds * . Class Matter, For the benefit of our patrons who desira to sond single coplos of THE THNONE throngh the mall, we uivo horewith tho transient rato of postaga: meatic, Fight and Trelyo Page l'aper... Sixteen Page Paper... Blunt ang Twelve Paxe Pape TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. “ne Cutcado ‘TRInUNE bas established bmnoh oMices for tho recotpt of subscriptions and advortiao- ments ns follows: NEW YORK--Room 2 Tribune Bultding, ¥,'T. Mc- FADDEN, Managor. PAMIS, France —No, 16 Ruo de ta Grango-Batolore. If. MAULEI, Agent. i: LONDON, Eng—Amorican Exchange, 40 Strand. Haxny F. Gintia, Agent. « WASHINGTON. D, C.—1519 F atroct. 4 ne AMUSEMENTS, —— | Tne Mame Fuslonists submitted certalu questions to the Supreme Court of tho State on divers points of constitutional law as at- fecting thelr power to runa Rump Legisla- ture, and they aro answered. As has been predicted by Tuk Trisuxe, the reply is of the most straightforward and unequivocat- ing kind. ‘The Judges with one accord con- ‘denin the action of Garcelon and his alders and abettors in taking advantage of minor technicalities to def€at tho will of the people in thelr choice of legisintors, and deliberately, in as plain words 1s the English language will admit of, an- nounce the recognition of the Republican body now holding tts sessluns at the Capitol asthe rightful and only legal Legislature. ‘The Court takes oceasion in its decision to rapthonow retired andsilent Garcelon sound- ly upon the knuckles for the course pur- sued by him 1{n ignoring the decision solicited by hinself and party, and deliberntely at- tempting to carry ont a scheme pronounced wholly {legal and unconstitutional by the Supreme Bench. This latest dictum con- tains no additional argument in support of the stand taken by the Judges, Such & course was entirely unnecessary, ns the former decisions covered every possible point in dispute, and have commanded the admira- tion of fair-minded people and politicians throughout the country. There is but one more move for the conspirators to make, and it is belleved thoy will hasten to avall them- selves of this menns of escape from their otherwise hopsless predicament; and that is for the Iegally-elected members to present thomgelvas to their respective chambers and be qualified for the duties imposed upon them by the chofce of ther constituents, It is Intimated that Mr. Smith, tho Fusfontst pretender to the Governorship, will seize tho enrllest opportunity to subside’ into private life,—which he cannot do too soon for his own credit, McVicker’s Thentre. Madlaon stroot, between Daarborn and Btate, En- gagoment of the Doston Theatre Company, "Drink." Afternoon and evoning. Hooley's Theatre. Randolph atreet, between Clark find LaSalle. En- ‘agement of tho Wonthoraby-Goodwin Froliques, *Hobbies.” Afternoon and oyening. « Maverly's Thentre. Dearborn stroct, corner of Monroe. “he Calley Jlaye.” Afternoon and ovening. Hamitn's Theatre. Clark street, betweon Washington and iando!ph. Enungoment of Frank EB, Alkon. “Carte Uiancho.” Stternoon and evening, Olympic 'Thentre, Clark atrect, botweon Itandolph and Lake. Enaage- ment of George Lenrock, “Philip Gordon, Miner.” ‘Afternoon and ovoning, Tvershey M: Hau. \. Madison atreat, botween State ind Dearborn. Prof. Richard A, Proctor. “The Vastnoss of Timo.” WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 28, 1890, ‘TE House. yesterday passed the bill set- ting apart for use asa public park the lands in Mariposa County, California, where the fainous “big trees” stand. a GonzaLes, the man who attempted tho nasnsination of tha King of Spain o few -weeks ago, has been pronounced insane by 0 commission of medical experts, and so will escape gupta! punishment. Gen. GARFIELD has written a letter, In re- ply toan inquiry by State Senator ‘Horr, on the subject of the Presidency, in which ho expresses the hone that Ohio will as a unit present and press the name of John Sherman to the Chicago Convention, THE NATIONAL ELECTION LAW. Mr, Bill Springer seems anxlous to renow tho Congressional controversy over tho Na- tlonnl supervision of National elections. Pru- dent people would, think that the Democrats had tested the public sentiinent upon this matter suMctently, but Mr, Bil Springer ts not remarkable for prudence. ‘The extra ses- ston of the present Congress was the result of the persistency with wiich a certain fac- tlon of the Democrats pursued thetr project for the repenl of the National Election Inw, and that extra session was the forerunner of the universal defeat which overtook the Democratic party at the polls last fall. The warning conveyed by this general ond em- phatic expression of public disapproval hins restralned even the most extreme and more reckless of the Democratic politiciansin Con- gress from renewing the contention. A gig was formally placed upon them by command of the caucus. ‘The policy of silence was hn- posed by tho leaders, and it ins been thus far pretty generally obeyed. But Mr. Bill Springer has evidently fretted under the re- stralnt, and longs for an opportunity to flaunt his Intolerant pnrtyisin befora the country, since that is his sole claim to dls tinetlon, It 1s only some such theory that ean intelligently account for an insane at- tempt to reopen a controversy that will prove fatal to the Democrats If they shall urge It, Mr. Bill Springer seeks to revive the des- perate attempt at nullification by means of a ‘pill which purports to be ainendatory of the present Election law. As a matter of fact, his bili only amends by striking out thoxo portions of the Election law which make It ‘operative, So faras this now bill proposes to notify Congressional candidates of the pro- posed appointment of Supervisors and Dep- uty-Marshals, and provides that such cand!- dintes sluill each be entitled to recommend one Supervisor and one Deputy-Marshal, there will be no objection to it. Thera was never any Intention that the law should give any one party un advantage over Its oppa- nents, and If furtner enactments bo neces- sury to sécure strict impartinlity they should be made by Congress, But !t is apparent from the Intter part of Mr. Bill Springer’s proposed “amendment” that the pre, tensa of impartiality is morely used as om cover for a vital attack on tho Inw itself. After putting forth this hypo- critical pretense, his bill repeals all the laws which authorize any officer of the United States to arrest any person violating any United States Election Jaw except upon a warrant Issued under preposterous coni!- tions, and furthor provides thatno Supervisor nor United States Marshal shall interfere in any manner with the judges or inspectors of elections, That {s to suy, under Mr, Bll Springet’s proposed bill, the Suporvisors and Marshals may have the same privilege en- Joyed by other ordorly cltizons of standing somewhere near tho polls and watching the outside process of the eluction, but shall have no rightto put a stop to any Intimidation, fraudulent voting, violght attacks upon the polls, or the stuffing of ‘the ballot-boxas, A parallel case would be for the Mayor of this clty at some local election to fssuea general order for the preservation of the peace, but prohibit the police from Interfering In cuso of riot, ‘The Natlonal Government, by the adoption of Mr. Bill Springer’s proposed law, would be placed In the ridiculous attitude of warning the country that elections ought to be fair, hut, at the same time, glving formal notice that bullot-box stufling, frauds, and violence will not by interfered with nor pun- ished. = If Mr. Bill Springor imagines he can press this bit upon the comsideration ot Congress without revealing {ts real aim, he has a very poor estimate of the average Intelligence of that body, It he thinks that he can reopon the old controversy over:the National Elec tlon Jaw without subjecting his party to the snino disaster that resulted from last Bulniner’s atternpt to break down the system of Natlonul supervision, ho ls but an Indif- In a quict ond unostentatious way the ‘Anferican Union Telegraph Company yester- day innugurated the working of 35,000 miles of wire connecting the principal cities of the country with the new Freneh cable which extends from Brest to St. Pierre, Newfound- Jand. The Cable Company also began bus!- ness yesterday, Tuk’ arguments yesterday ‘before the Nouse Committee on Commerce regarding the Reagan bill were madeby Charles Francis Adaus, Jr, Massachusetts Rallroad Com- tissloner, and Mr, Gowan, President of the Hending Rallroad Company. Mr. Adams approved of the principles upon which the Reagan bill is founded, but regarded its pro visions ns defective in detail. ee 1y presonting a petition, purporting to bo signed by ex-soldiers and sailors, fu favor of the passage of Weaver’s monstrosity in the fonn of a bill to pay the difference botween the value of gold and greenbacks, Sonator the crushing statement that he belleved every one of the signatures to bea forgery. And he was probably correct {n that opinion, 13 bogus names by the thousand have been at- tuched to theso petitions. Twa letter from Leadville which we print thls morning an interesting description is given of the colebrated Robert E. Lee Mine, which {3 belleved to be the richest silver mine In, the world, as it lias surpassed all previous records in its productiveness in a single day, tho enormous sum of $150,000 having been taken from it In scventeen hours’ work by forty men, Itisless than a year ago that this mine was considered to be of more than prospective yalue, and only recently that its riches lava been even ap- proximately ascertained. TuE plan of alterations and improvements “In the Exposition Bullding, 89 2s to fit {t for the uso of tha National Republicin Conven- tlon next June, involves an expense of about 250,000, which §s considerably more than was pledged to the Natlonal Committee as un In- ducement to bring the Convention to Chicago, But Chicago's pride ts {nvotved in this matter, and when the great bullding shall be ready to tecelye the Convention it will be found to have a comfortable capacity for containing 20,000 people, and to be the best-arranged and most adinfrably-adapted building for the pur- pose to be found in America, Tire subsidence of the Grant boom in Pennsylvania and the prospect that Don Cuneron will be unable to carry the Pennayl- vania delegation in hls pocket this year is fndfeated unmistakably in yesterday's action of the Chester County Republican Conven- ton in electing delegates to the State Con- vention urider instructions to labor for Blaine as thelr first choice, and Washburne as acc- ond choice. Beveral instances of the kind have occurred sinca the counties of Penn: sylvauia began to clect dalegates to the State Convention, and at the present writing 1 seems certain that the vote of that State can; not be secured ay a unit for Grant, « © 2 nee in the informal conforence between tho oceanlo Caual and the head of the Navy Department, held Monday evening, the pro- ceedings of which were conducted in private, there 1s said to have been manifested a de clded disposition to insist upon such a recogy ultlon of the Monroe Doctrine as shall pre- vent the construction of any canal acrogs the Isthintis In which the United States shull not haye a contrgliing voice and interest. Thera In a seousattonal rumor current of a secret alll- auev bet ween England, France, and Germany, having for its purpose the management of the canal yprofect tq the». exclusion ofthe United States Government; In other words, 9 sort of tripartite ‘agreement be- $58,103,881, bonded interest-bearing Indebtedness of tho road was inereased $25,000,000, while the road ne’ tally received only $14,200,000 of this ferent observer of public events, ‘The tight hins beon made once to the discomfture of the Democrats who forced! it upan Congress; if made again, it will result {na completo rout of the party, and we know of no one so competent to lead Ils party to defeat. as Mr. HUUSpringer, Ms new effort in behalf of ‘ree frauds on the ballot-hox Is the more reckless because of the cortalnty that tt eannot auc- eced in tims to vitiate the Presidential elvc- tion of tho present year, and because stich an attempt, though unsuccessful, will again warn tho country of the victousness and desperation of the Democratle party. of tho more prudent Democrats In Congress should muzzlo Mr. Bill Springer, or lock tim up somewhere during the remalnder of the session, for the party’s xood, Some TS RAILROAD ABUSES IN NEW YORK. Whatever may be the result of the proposl- tlon to creato a Rallway Cominission in New York, the report of the Hepburn Committce, whitch has been engaged for several months in the Investigation of railway offuirs in that State, will add to the general information about the abuses of rallway management. "Tho report {sn voluminous document, and comprises 5,000 pnges of testimony, covering: sessions In Rochestor, Buffalo, Ogdensburg, Utica, Albany, and Saratoga, as well as New York City, and Including the statements and arguments of the raflrond managers and nt- tornoys, aa well as those of the merchants ‘and patrons of the roads, Of tho 81,841 miles of rallroad within tho United States, thera are 6,650 miles within the Hinits of New York. Public polley in that State has been most gencrous to the corporations, Inearly railroad times, care was tnken to throw restraints upon tho passenger traffte, because ft was belfoved the business of tho fron highways would be cotfined to that now subordinate branch of theirwork. When the roads which now make up tho New York Central began to carry freight they were required to pay to the canal fund an ninount equal to the tolls that would have accrued to the canal from the business thus diverted. ‘This and other re- strictions were soon removed altogether. In 1835. Bonrd of Rallroad Commissioners was ercated, but the corporations quigkly secured nreneal of the Inw, and silenced opposition onthe part of the Commissioners who were thrown out of office by paying them their sal- aries for tho ‘full term for which they had been appointed, Rallroad-building has been encouraged in overy possible way. The State has donated In all about $3,000,000, and the local Governments about €31,000,000 more by Investment In stocks and bonds. In re- turn for all tho public franclilses, grants, subscriptions, and favors, the corporations hve been governed by the most selflsh and grasping policy towards the people. Parasite companies, enjoying special facili- ties for the benefit of Tallway manngers and stockholders and for the fleecing of the pub- lie, are exposed in the report. ‘The Mer- chants’ Dispatch Company is o:sample. Onty 25 per cent of the capital ‘wns sub- seribed, but this Company pays 10'Hor cent alvidends on the nominal capltal, or an an- nual dividend of 40 per cent upon the actual investment. also enjoy the benefits of special contracts which are ridiculously low. Tho terminal facilitles of the New York Central are under the absolute control of the Union Stock- Yard & MarketCompany; Senator McPhor- son siinilarly controls the enttlo business of the Erle Rond, and the entire cattle business of nll the railroads that reach New York ts pooled, including that of the Pennsylvania and tho Baltimore & Ohlo Roads. charges are roads, elevators, port charges, Mgliter- age fees, and other means of extortion In the hands of subsidiary corporations and inside rings serve to Impose upon the public, ‘Tho amount of “water” In the stock of the New York Central corporntions is set down The sleeping-car companies The naturally exceasive, Coal- nt $53,507,000, and thatof the Erie Road at In“ one Erie transaction the loan, In canvassing the subject of rates, thoCom- mitteo found that, while the rate from the West to New Yprk In all cases of pooling was fixed at from three to elght cents per 100 pounds higher than to Baltimore, and from two to six cents higher than to Philadelphia, the Now York ronds, as a inatter.of fact, ean carry frelght New York City ng other roads to thelr respective termini. ‘This has long been popularly belloved, and, now that it hns been established by compe- tent evidence, it shows that Mfr. Vanderbilt has been inflicting an injury upon both Western Interests and New York interests by his orgunization of pools. of distanee is somettines ignored gltogether, ns in the case of the contracts with the Standard Ol! Company. ngreed to carry the crude of! from tho wells to Cleveland and Pittsburg and the refined ofl from these points to New York as cheaply ay thoy would enrry the crude oll from tho wells to New York; in other words, thoy made & haul of 300 miles for nothing In favor of the Standard Oll Company. quently n further concession was mado to the Standard Oll Company by giving them a rato as low ay was given to other parties, still Ignoring distance, and in addition « apecinl rebate of 10 per cent on all thelr ship- ments, brought about by the ‘Tide-Water Pipo Line, which effected a connection with the sea- board, the railronds combined to reduce the rate to % conts a barrel crude cents a barrel. sustained a loss of St a barrel on nearly from the West to cheaply as tho The oloment All the ratlronds Subse- Still Inter, when competition was on 15, then to 10 ‘Tho rallroads voluntarily oll, thon to 18,000,000 barrels during the year 1879 In order to save the Standard Company from “Injury by competition.” They hauled 300 pounds over 400 miles of road (taking the cara back empty) for 10 conta in this olf traffic, at the snme time they charged 45 cents for hauling acan of milk, welghing ninety pounds, over a distance of sixty miles, ‘The Hepburn Committes found abundant evidence of unjust discriminations, The nuniber of special contracts made by the Central & Hudson River Kallrond In one year was sz thousand, and the practice upon the Erle Road was much thesame, Of course tho variation from the .schedulo rate ‘was always in favor of the shipper who had a special contract, and a discrimination against his competitors in business who were not similarly favored. ‘Thero was no system about these speclal rates; they were all arbitrary, secret, and projudicial, No better reagon could be discovered for an Increase of the rate on grain from 15 cents to 40 cents per 100 pounds between Chicago and New York than that of power, greed, and {ndif- ference to tho public interests, It was ascertained to the satisfaction of the Com- nilttee that 18 cents per 100 pounds was a “living rate,” and that it cost the railroads no more to haul 100 pounds in November than it did in August. How coimplotely tho rallroads Ignore the principle that they should not charge more fora shorter than fora longer distance {4 strikingly iustrated by numerous Instances, A Rochester man shipped his goods to Now York and there re- shipped them to Cinclnnat! via Rochester for 14 cents por 100 pounds [css than a direct shipment would have cost lim; to St, Louly the same roundabout shipment saved hiui 18 cents per 160 pounds, Flour was carried from Mlwaukeo to Now York for 20 cents, while the chargy from Hochester to New York was 80 cents, ‘These are but two of Hundreds of similar eases, It Is evident from the Hepburn report that the New York railroad combinitions are chiefly responsible through thelr lafluence and power for tha wniversal polley of extor- tion and discrimination that prevalls through- out the country, and it {fs hoped that this ex- pogure willcompol the Legistature of that State to adopt a policy of supervision and re-" striction that will afford a certain degree of relief. At the same time, the Hepburn Com- mittes point dut explicitly that a complete remedy is to be found only through National legislation. _ HUNIOIPAL DEBTS IN ILLINOIS, “Tiinals has the proud pretminence of being one of tho most dishonorable of tho Western States in regurd to the payment of town and’ county obligations. It will be years ere an Til- nots county fnancior can proposo a toan In Now York or Roston without. running a risk of boing summarily kickod Into the atreot.”—-Boston Cum- merelat Bulletin. 'This statement would liavo somo force If It were Just or truce. Asn whole, It is neither Just nor trucs ‘That there have been somo towns and somo counties which have en- denyored to eseape, through the courts, some of thelr bonded indebtedness, is true, and that others have fallen jn arrears In payment of interest ts also true, but tho statement-that such proceedings have been generat or were instigated by any ‘dishonest purpose fs al- togathor unwarranted by the facts. Tho only munfelpal indebtedness concern- ing which there has been any contest, or which thore has been any disposition to evade, fs that known as ratirond-nid indebted- ness; and even of this tho so-called “repu- lation” has been Himited to o few muniel- pilitles and for a comparatively limited amount. Notagan excuse for nor in justifl- catton of nny scheme to avold the payment of legally-contracted debts, but as an explana- tion of the conduct of those towns which are in default of interest, and which have cn- deavored In the courts to have thelr Indebted- ness declared iNegil, a brief statement of the circumstances will not. proye uninterest- ing. This clngs of Indebteduess actually tn- curred by vote of the people, though not then pusin legal shape, was, at tho date of the addption of the new Constitution In 1870, In round nuinbers about $16,000,000, The ma- jority of this indebtedness was in the form of twenty-year bonds, bearing 10 por cent in- terest. The fxsue of these bonds was voted by & majority of those voting ut special elections in the respective townships and counties, Tho “ald” to the, railroads was in the form of supscriptiong.to the eapital stock of tho railrond companies proposing to build the roads, Lhe municipality votod its bonis to pay for an equal amount of capital stock of the company, Tho bonds were de- livered, and « stock certifiente Issued. AU theso rallrond companies were organized by high-minded Christian gentlemen of Boston aud New York. : They urged these people to yota thom 10-per-cent twenty-year bonds, promising that the dividends on the capital glock would equal the Interest on the bonds, and that the stock could, long before the Donds came due, be sold at a premium, this enabling the municipality to pay the princi- palof-the bonds and have o surplus, Each of these railroad companies had n “con- struction” ‘company composed of mem- bers of Its own Directory. Tho railroad eompany handed over all the bonds re- evived from the counties nnd towns to the construction company, and also as many other first, second, third, and fourth mortgage bonds as even Boston and New York financlers had the face to issue, The construction company gave the railroad com- pany’s bonds in payment for Iron and such work as had to be pald for; but the municipal bonds wero sold for efish, and tho proceeds divided among the men engineering the wholo swindle. Another inducement held out to tho peo- ple to yote these bonds was that in the work of construction the people of each locality would find employment for themselves and tenms In grading and other Iabor, for which Iberal wages would be pald, The construc- tlon company, In whatever payments they inne for this labor and uinterinls fur- wished by the nelghborhoods,, genorally pald out thelr own bonds, or the bonds of the rallroad company (second, third, or fourth mortgage) at par, but hardly over any cash, As the roads had to be finished before the municipal bonds could be delivered, tho work of construction was not of the most finished charactor; In fact, the construction wis merely sufiictent to en- able the companics to clalm and receive the bonds of the muntelpallty, Having squeezed, robbed, and plundered tho people along the Ine of the road to tho Inst extremity, then the rallrond company defaulted In interest on Ita bonds, the construction company van- ished Into thin alr, the bondholders, or one class of them, foreclosed on tho road, and the enpital stock was sponged out of oxist- ence. Tha people had In good faith voted the bonds, but the enpltal stock, the owner- ship of the road, which was tho considern- tion, had been taken from them by tho skill- ful operation of the swindlers from Boston and New York,—swindlers who now, aceord- Ing to the Bulletin, would kick out of thelr shops any Ill!nols nan asking for a loan, We havo given a general statement of how these railroad-atd bonds were obtained from the niunielpalities; of course the details varied, but the results were substantially the somes the bonds were obtained and the capl- tul stock given in exchange was sponged out of existence, It {s the custom to represont the people of theso rural communities ag an ungrateful race; that having given thelr bonds to help build the road, and having got the rend, they then turn round and try to evade paying for It, Thisis not the truths These communt- tles, with few exceptiodgl enses, did not yoto bonds ns a donation, or a3 a contribution to build the ronds, but as bone fide subscrip- tlons to the capital stock of the company, entitling the holders to volcein the man- agement and direetion of the roads, Of this entire subseription and payment with 10 per cont bonds to these rondy, amounting to six- teen millions of dollars, the stock recelved by these communities haa been totally extin- guished. It has been utfyly lost, and awopt away, but the bonds remajn to be pald, In some cases the original subscriptions were obtalned by fraud, open and glaring, and the munteipalities have refused and do rofuge to Issue the bonds, In others there Nave beon efforts made to contest the valldity of tho bonds in cases whore the bonds were isaued In gross violator’ of the Inw, In still further instances, especially of small town ships, the orlalual vote wag for bonds aggre- gating a sum far in excess of the abllity of the proporty to pay, Insome districts the principal and interest was equal to 00 per cent of the value of all the land within the township. To excape such a load persons have sold thelr nnd for what thoy could fot, closed thelr workshops, and moved thelr business to other counties to escape the confiscating tax, leavluig those remaining hopelesly Involved, A subscription of $30,000 at 10 per cent, in twenty years requires the payment of 860,000 for interest, and the princl- pal still to be pald. In this latter class or cages there is an absolute breakdown, a total Inablilty to pay the annual futerest. It ts not because of dishonesty or from any purpose to repudiate, but from total inability to pay this tax in addition to the ordinary tax for the anpport of State and local government. In 1870 the State by the aroption of a new Constitution put an end to the tmproyidence of miunteipal Indebtedness, by placing a Umit A total elinnge tn the financial system of local gov- ernments, followed by the pante, produced much trouble, especially in city governments. It reduced Chicago to suspension of pny- ments, paving this elly with a floating debt of nearly $4,000,000, every dollar of which wag Judlelally declared to be illegal. Chi- cago, however, took no advantages It reso- Autely reduced Ms own expenditures; tt re- duced the number of its ofticersand thetr sal- aries, and, by a system of practlen! economy, paid off and discharged nearly five millions of dollars of debt between tho Ist of July, 1876, and the 1st of Jatnary, 1890, and {ts to deBts and a limit upon taxation. Treasury is now In n_ better condition. thon it has been since the dato of the fire, Other cltles In the State siiniinrly embarrassed nro rapldly disentangling thelr finances, and will soon During the last five yours many. counties and townships have pakloff a portion ff not all of thelr railroad- ald debt; still others have ‘taken up the old 10 por cent and 9 per cent bonds with tho proceeds of new 6 or 7 percent bonds, re- serving the right to pay the Intter in any amount after ton years. The reduction In the principal of this rallrond-ald debt ling been more than a imiilion and a half of dol- lnrs, The Interest, exceptin a comparatively few cases, such a8 we have described, fs patd with punetillous promptness. A tax is levied annually to pay the interest, and fn some places a tax Is levied annually to pay a por- tlon of the principal, and this tax Is paid bo In sound condition, falthfully. Excepting where the Issue of bonis was MMlegal or fraudulent, and excepting where the debt was so overwhelming as to crush tha small districts on which it was Imposed, the municipalities of I{Mlinols aro bravely meeting all these liabilities, taxing theim- selves voluntarily to pay interest and princl- pal. Inno part of tha Stata is repudiation advocated or heard of, sanctloned or prac- ticed, The few localities where payments aro suspended beenuse of Inability to pay will In time recover; will build up again; will become peopled; and, when thoy have thus been restored, they wiil pay thelr debts, let the snerifica be whatitmay. Robbed and plundered by the swindlers and confidence- men, the clients of the Boston Bulletin, the people of Iltnois will nevertheless pay the debts, to the Jast dollar, but should any Bos- ton or New York operator come hither ask- ing subscriptions to railroad stocks, the kick- ing will be both vigorous and general. eens THE CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN PROG. RESS, ~ ‘Thero was printed tn the Inst issue of THE Trinune on interview between the Cliein- nal Enquirer and Mr. W. ID. Grady, of Atlanta, Ga, who has been prominent fn Southern journallsm for many years, and ts at present Southern correspondent for tho New York Herald and other prominent pa- vers. Mr. Grady talked very freely of the condition of Southern feeling, and his testl- mony tallies with that witich has come to ns from various other sources, thus lending strong confirmation to his statements, Ac- cording to Mr. Grady, the Southern peopla are tired of sectlonalism. They want peace, quiet, and o restored equillbrium, They have discovered that the spirit of sec- tlonallsm, which {s the stock in trad of Sotithern Bourbon demagogs, and which is fostered by the politicians to further thelr personal ambitions, is working material tion. White the South offers every possible inducement to attract the emigrant and for the investment of capital, they find that tlic entire tlde of emigration secks the West, that Northern capital secks Western Invest- ments, and that Eastern and English enter- prise goes there also, and that under theso potent agencies the West is flourishing. Says Mr, Grady: “The old enthusiasm that centored about polltical matters In the ante- bellum days 1s now gathered about rehabill- tation and development. Our people are just beginning to appreciate the real resources of our section, and they are thrilling under the posstbilittes of the future.” ‘In summing up the condition of the South Mr. Grady makes use of the following illustration: _ “Tho fact fa, the Bouth recognizes pretty cleare ly that under tho present adjustment sho has ono of. two alternatives, Sho must bo Ireland or Scotland. She must show the homely wisdom of Sawnoy or tho implacnblu temper of Paddy, In tho ono euse she gots pence, thrift, quiet; In the othor thore Is nothing but turbulence, dis- quict, and famine. Thore Js no braver or highor-minded fellow on the carth than Sawnoy, and as he bows his bend with decorous wladom, and works out hla salvation in silence, the Utood that followed Bruce and Wallace docs not flush toblacheck, It xathors about his brave honrt, ani sustains hiin in hia duty. [think the South is beginning to considor Sawney a hetler example than Paddy with his broken bead and his empty Ppotuto-hlli.”" : While the desirability of imitating Scot- land may be conceded, Mr, Grady has not falrly stated the case of Ireland, Theturbu- lence, disquiet, and poverty in Ircland are tha natural results of years of eruel abuse and persecution of the tenants by thelr English tagkimasters, who have squeezed the Inst farthing out of them, and, when they cauld not pay more, have turned them out upon the highway. The South has not bech abused. If Itlsinastateof confusion, dis- content, and lmpoverishment, it has only it- self toblame, The North has only sald to the South, “ Yon shall not secede from the ‘Union, and you shall not renuslaye the ne- gro.” If the Catholics of Ireland, for in- stance, had soughtto secede from England and set up an independent nation and to en- slave the Protestants, the causes would have been nearer pnralicl, and the latter sup- position, §f attempted to ba put into practice, would not have been a whit more absurd than was the course of the South. In- stead of nbusing the South, the North, on the other hand, has left It free to manage Sts own affairs, has given it home rule, has sont its businessmen there, has sought to turn the tlde of uniigration In that direction, and has freely offered its help and its cupital ta do- yolop ita resources and stimulate its indus- trles, but they have been biludly and system- atleally repelled, It Is gratifying that at last tho Southern peoply aro realizing the nistake that they have made, and that thoy are turning from thontachtevous control of “ Lost Cuuse” poll tivlans and yiclous demngogs, and seeking to work out their Kalvation through the channels of business progress and material develop- ment. This can only be accomplished by dropping the “Solid South’? business and the abandonment of sectlonalism, Thé great North has always been ready to help them, and it is ready now, but it can only bo dona upon broad Natlonal condl- tions. If the Southern people want Northern help they must manifest a djs- position to help themselves. They must get down off the fence, take thetr hands out of thelr pockots, and go to work. They must hold the plow and handle the hoe, and culti- vate the mechanical arts, They must put tholr own Illy-white hands to the ax,: the anvil, and the plow. If they wish to partiol- pate Jn the: Northern business boom," they must adopt Northen methods, If they wish to secure Northern capltal, they must ahan- don sectionallsm, and give Northern people injury to thelr see- somonssurance that thelrcapital will be secure and themaclyes welt treated. If they wish to attract Northern Industry, Northern laborers and business-men, they must abandon thelr hitherto fufumous social ostraciam, and trent them upon terms of entire social and poiltteal equality with themselves, More than this, thoy must reéstablish justice, cense the op- pression of a inrge class of thelr population, glye them their rights undor the Inw, purify the ballot-hox, restore order, punish crime, foster’ free-school education, and accord to every colored ninn tn thelr section equal rights with eyery white man, Still moro. than this, the methods of Intimidation, bull- dozing, atu political dishonesty and corrup- tlon by which that section has been banded into a “Solld South’ must be dropped, and every man must be given the opportunity to vote as he pleases without dictation or intimidation. The surest method for the Improvement of thelr condition and thelr development and progress would be for them. to join hands with the Republican party, which dominates the wealth, the Intelligence, the industry, and the enterpriso of the country. Mr. Grady, like many others, states that there is avery considerable number of the people of the South who are willing to support Gen. Grantit he be nominated. Let these people support whoover is nominated at the Chicago Convention, bo he Gen. Grant, Mr. Bintne, Mr. Washburne, or any one else, Theireurest hope Js in the success of the Iepublican party, Whoever may be the leador. Iris 9 notewo: hy fact, in connection with tho “third-torm” disousson in this country, that tha [mmedinte cause of the death of tho two Gracchi was misreqasd of the popular oman refudics nyguinst tho third-term principle. Tho erin of office for tho head of the Homan Repub- lie, tho Consul, was one year. Tiberius bad only falrly begun when his term expired. He con- sented to stand for reticction, His enomies taiged the ery of Ciesarism, na woe would call it in our day,’ They protested that it would load, if countennncod In one case, to Imporialiam. On clection-day a riot ocaurred which coat him his lite. .Bome years later the younger brothor, Caius, was nllowed a second term without sori- ous objection; but when he Lipp aie third term he wna alain In the samo way its his brothor hid heen goveral yeara before.—Chicayo Evening Journal, ‘Theso statementa aro not strictly accurate. Tho Immediate onuse of tho death of the Grac- chi was the hostility of the nobles to their * popu- Jnr” polloy,—thoir land laws, and other measures: which attacked tho ruling patrician class. Thero wero two Consula in Romo, not one. Tiborius was novor Consul, fe wus one of the Tribunca. His enemies did not raise the cry of Creanrism,” but raised the legal point that he was incliible forasecond term. Ho was murdered by the no- bics as tho shortest way to got rid of him. Calus was not n Consul; bo waa also a Tribune. Nor was ho killed because ho sought a third term. His death occurred aftor ho had been do- foated for a third term. ‘Tre. Legislature of Wisconsin authorized the establishment of a State Honrd of Immigra- tion, which organized In March tast, and tho first roport {8 juat published. During ton months of the yenr 1870 thore arrived in Milwaukee 13,- $2 immigrants; of this number 4,43 wore Ger- tans, 4,12 Norwegtans, 1,841 Swede, "760 Dance, 6t Englishmon, 445 Bobomiuns, 200 Trtghmen, 222 Fronchmon, 100 Poles, 131. Hollanders, 71 Swisa, 49 Scotchmon, 90 Austrians, 19 Finns, 13 Hungn- tians, and 4 Italinna, Wisconsin was tho deatina- tlon of 4,781 of these immigrants; 6,985 sottled in ‘Minnesota; 1,002 mnde Michigan thelr homo; and 52 went on to Towa, As the Board had its head- quarters in Milwaukee, it is of the opinion that four or five thousand immigrants ontored tho Btato directly from Chicago, and nro not enumerated in tho report, Statistica con- cerning the Stute have been diatributed throughout Europe, The report states that there oro now fn Wiaconsin 1,659,260 acres of State land, 8,080,000 acres of Government and, 2,622,000 neres of rallrond Iand,—a grand total of 7,107,200 acrea,—a large portion of which 4g oxcollent farming country. Pater Bramanex’s new tariff that he got adopted is protecting with a vengeance, and tho German people begin to experionce tho hurd- ship of its practical oporntions, In somo re- Bpects it 18 a prohibitory tariff as far as the chiet exports from the United States are ediicernod. ‘Thus, leaf tobacoo, that formerly paid $2.88 por 100 pounds, now paya a duty of $10.90; on olgarets It is moro than doublo; on wheat, for- merty free, {tla 12 cents per 100 pounds, and on mont $1.46. Cheese pays double tho duty that it did before, and thoro has been a general in- crease of from 50 to 100 porcent. Aalde from the injury dono to American commerce, the tariff bears heavily upon tho laboring classes Ip Gormnany that aro doeply Interested in chonp food, and they aro becoming restive under tho now protective polloy. . Tre Ameriean Cousu commug#cated somo statistics to the State De- partmeat in regard to our commerce with Brazil that are of importance. Howrites: + “at Rlo Janolro has “The traders from tho United States, who ar- rive by every steamer from New York, munifest. Induatry ‘and enterprise, Tho Importa- from Great Hrituin during tho Inst your amounted to about $12,000,000; from France, 26,000,000; and from the United Btates about, $4,000,000, OF tho 453,731 barrels of tour pupartan. 94,084 barrels were from the United States. The chief export tothe United tutes was coffeo, valued ut $30,- 000,000. Of the 1,460 foraign vessels entering tho harbor of Rio, onty 171 wore American, Ronch’s Hino of wteuniérs 1s the only ono piving resilarly between tho United States an Tire ‘Tho Canndinna haye made arrangomonts for a line between Hallfax and Rio.” Tne Boston women polled 0 votes for Schvol Directors at the recent elcotion, and al- though beaten thoy are not at all discouraged. Thoy woro treated with the utmost courtesy at tho polls, and thoy urge tholr eex to pay tho poll tax and register so as to bo ablo to poll a bigger voto next year, Tho ludica havo tssucd au ad- dress in which they say * that the political pare ties of tho clty aro willing to nominate women as members of the Kchool Board; that tho de- termination of the women to vote for good can- dldates only had {ts effect upon the nominations of both purties, and it 1s now possible to anticl- pate that thedays of more office-aecking are near on ond, go far aa tho Bohool Board ja con- corned," A Wasitnaton’ letter describes the prea- ont financial and political st: of some of the carpot-bag ex-United States Senators. Bponcer, of Alnbataa, has been enguged in mining, and is said to huve clearod half u iniliion recontly by tho sulo of amino In Utah, Dorsoy, of Arkunsas, made a quarter of a milllon In Kansas Pacific stock, With this monyy be bought # outtle ranch in New Moxivo of 86,000 nores, Ho Js at the Hot Springs, fixing up tho delegation to Chi- cugo for Grant, Clayton, of- Arkansas, owns ono of the largest cotton plantations in the State, Patterson, of South Curolina, is Prest- dont of a horse-railroad in Baltimoro, and will soon bo rich. . Tux Sullivan (11) Progress says that “Gov, Cullom’s little ring ta said tobe In favor of Cullom for Governor, Bamucl Jones for Lieutonant-Governor, Long Jonos of Jo Davicas for Secretary of Stato, K, K.Jonca for Treas: urer, and Maj. Connally for Attorney-Gonernl,” What will tho “ Smitha" and Thompsons” say totho Joneses” gotting uway with somany nice pluma? Will it not breed joalousy? “QO beware, ‘lttlo ring,’ of Jealousy: It Is tho greon-eyed monster which bo k The iieat Mt fe ne eee A srrctan to the London Tmes from Geneva, Switzerland, Jan, 14, says? ks “ Prof. Colludon, af Gonova, has effected an Im: Portant Improvement {n the ponies vontriv. unee for onubling deaf mutes bear through tho teoth, lutely discovered In the United States. For tho tndtu-rubbo: apparatus used by the Amorican lnventor, Mr, Hhodes, which fs somes ‘costly, the Profosior substitutes a pleco of olustic cardboard, By thla simplo expediont dont mutes are enabled to hear volces and dlutinguish tho notea of 8 pinno, The coat of the cardboard wudifone fa about balf a franc." a Cor. Ingxxsoy. delivered a lecture in Rochester the other night, and informed the Newspapers that it was copyrighted and must hot ba printed entire, As i¢ was worth to him about $126,000, Ho limited the reporters to a column and 9 half, and ono paper played iton Bob by using its flnost type and gutting in almost the entire lecture. SS Ir Is stated that some good and true Nemo-" chats onteldo of the Stato of Muine have mado UP O purse Of 850,000 to help defruy the axponscs of thu lnpecunious crowd of bogus lecistators ———————— 8 little longer. If thia fs trie,—nnd the rood reason to. doubt ityatice Mee Thun fala thut thoy oceupy high constitutional groney that ought to bo maintaineds=ft only shows ie tho Demovracy of tho whole country ure witty, : tonsanmo the reaponslblllty of tho attempr, larceny of thoStal tet Mr. Sewann’s Alaska purchinso bids fa to turn out to bo more valuable than thus yan antlelpated by hts countryfion at larzes Tee diacovory of valunblo mineral deposits hug : contly attraoted to that portion of our pune, alons considerable smmigration, and tho whitg will oon be atrong onoughgo protect thomaiey ngainst the natives. It is'To bo noted hereatier for its minorla, furs, fleh, and woos, and the climate {6 sald to be milder {n somo wectlons than in tho Now England states, — Tim Faeulty of Harvard Collego haya greatly offered tho lady students by pros. ing thom from entering tho class for the stud, of thé Chineso language, which ts now tough thor, Why thoy should not bo allowed to enter this class ns well as nny otbor {8 best known tg the college authoritios; but no explanation ty given, and those most interested are exceeding), angry about it, Thero scoms to bo conslderatly “ox in Education" In Old Harvard yet, Jupar Dyer, of the United States Distrig, Court at Milwaukee, has just decked a cag of Importance to lumbermon. Tho firm of Upham & Ruseoll purchased a lot of logs and tinter from frresponsiblo parties, and {t wax aute. quently dizcoyercd that tho logs had been cut oy Government land, They were prosceuted ang Judgment obtained, although ft was shown th Upham & Russotl were fnnuecnt of any Intenttg dofraud the Governinent. * Sr, Louis and other Wostern clttes arg taking adyintago of the whioat blockade In cy. cago toenthuso over the plan to ship grain ty Europo via Now Orleans, ns the froight charg now to that clty are about one-fourth what they are from St. Loula to Naw York. A new bana Ine will bo organized at once, to consist of eighty Larges, to transport grain fn bulk from Bt, Louls to Now Orlonns. Wire tho winter in the Mississtppl Valley sna been milder than has beon known for year, tho cold onthe Paolfla const has been quite unprecedented, with a hoayler fall of snow thay ever before. Cnllfornta bas not suffered ay much na some othor States, but oven there the orange and lemon troes havo sustained serious Mares especially the young trees In tho nung i ——— Tur Boston Advertiser, one of the mos conservative of Grant's supporters, says thst “If bo should be nominated at Chicago It wilt be owing to tho confidence which sober, thinking, working men out of politics have in bim, mud more than to the manipulation of political man. agers, who havo always been bia moat unfortu. nato incumbranco.” ee Tm: Now York Truth probably tetls on untruth when Itanys that tho broach between Kelly and ‘Tilden has been hoaled. It Is mor than lkely that two fots of dolegates will lame for admisaton from New York te the next Ne tional Democratic Convention, unlcsa Tilden takes himself out of tho way. en Gen, Rerce, of Warren County, Illinols, whoisa candidate for tho nico, fat berth 9 long holt by Mfr. Georgo H. Harlow, fs in tom, looking up his old friends and making new ones. Miss Cook counts potontlally In the Cor vention, and {8 worth courting. Tim: State Journal announces that Get, Oglesby bus fully and fnally determined that he will not be a cantlidate for Governor. ‘The Quincy TWhty has also information of a private nature that would seem to confirm tho Journafs statemont, Deatn was busy last year among the Phit adclphin milonatres. Asa Packer left $8,000.00, 'T. H, Powors $7,800,000, B. H. Moore $3,000.00, It, Benson $1,600,000, nnd Georgo Falls $1,000,008 Anumber of others died who Icft largo estates, JACKSONVILLE Journats * It seems to tht Journal as if tho United States Treamiry De _ partment ought to deotde between Hawley, Burehnrd, and Haum, and draw off at least two of thoir candidat Gen. Huntnct says that in his Judgment “8, B. Washburno would be tho stréngest ms that we could run inthe State, and his canil- dacy would probably very largely benefit th Presidential ticket.” ———— Tue Quincy Whig Is magnanimous enough to say that, although {t prefors Mr. Washburne tothe fleld as a candidate for Governor, It still willing “to sacrifice‘bimn for tho Pret doncy."* Tur Peoria ‘Transcript thinks Cullom ft nhend, and Fort next, with Shuman a goo! third, PERSONALS, Tho estate] of tha Rey. Buckboard-ant Trotting-Horse Murray ts suMclont to pay all tho preferred dobta. Monslour Zero is the name of a prominent Paris morchamt. In this country tho family name fs Adums, Tho paragraph stating that Liszt loves solt tudo having reached Bt. Loula, several public apirited menof that city arc making arrange monts to offer tho great musician a home thers A fashion paper says that “ plush collars and cuffs will bo much worn on carly sprice dresses and wraps.’ Winter ctothos will b¢ much warn by tho unfortumate mon whose wire! wear these carly spring dresaca. “Young Mother Your question, “Can! bring my buby up on a bottio?" 13 a rather alngular ono; but you can undoubtedly dott If you commengo in time. A better way would bo to take tho olovator, untess you have mado abel on the matter, Mr. Jolin Fostune, of Fond du Lac, Wit, revently became the fathor of twin girly, Whea ho first looked upon the nowoomers he amileds sortof ghastly smile and romuarked: * Welk t suppose It 1g all right, for it fa suld dfiss Fuctunct nover come singly.” ‘Mrs, ‘Tennyson has composed the muste fot tho song which her husband hus written for? Eustorn mugazine, Wo understand that th publication of this combined effort is for tht purpose of testing tho hold which tho maguslat has upon tho public favor. Gen. Jolin F. Rathvone, of Albany, his aubsoribed $25,000 toward meoting tho coai tlons of dir. Doano'a special fund subscription the Rochoster University. Other subscriptions Amount to $35,000, #0 that $00,000 of tho $1 required {s already secured, We are glad to learn that hor Majeslf made a pretty good ptake out of the seasoo a opera given by bor compuny in Chicago. Belag a heavy losor on the Zulu war and othor subemes thut {t has gono into this: year, England 2 somo romuncrative inveatmonts badly, Come Into the garden, Maud, Put on your now apring hat. Come into the gunion, Maud, + I'm hero with my base-ba)l bat. Our neighbor's kiiten ts wafted abroad, With my club I'll land her in the road. Persons who take an interest fu sm things may remembor that tn 1877 Cupt. Bate croft, of tho Howard elght, aftixed to bis boat: house a aign bearing tho worda: ‘ Reporterss Lonfors Not Wanted Hers,” ‘Tho man is 008 ¢ space" writer on nn obscure Now Eng! Journal, and carns but $5 per weok, A London paper says that when the Princes! Loutso was first introduced to the Tauies CazP’ voll, sisters of the Marquis of Lorne, one of thes saidt “Shall we call you Loulser* Mer Ho Highoces mado no reply. Wocan imagine overhauling that Lorne recolyod that night from the Campbell girls after they bad retired. ‘Theodore Tilton was to lecture at Parsoms Kas.,and the Committog was at thestutio recelye him. Thoy stepped up to tho {oor haired gontloman and welcomod bim with mu enthusiasm and coremony, ‘The lony-hal gontloman appeared surprised and sald: don’t know what you moan by this, but {aa semove any wart or bumon In thirty minutes without pain, or forfuit my reputation." 7. Cominitteo had taken a" corn dyctor" for TT An eatlnable young gentleman of this ltt writes to THe Tatouny for Information reg ing tho dotloate mattor of loye, aud sys thet ig a’ young Judy, tn whose prescaca be wl##y! loses bis sclf-posscasion. “1a this un indicatio®