Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 25, 1880, Page 4

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Bixteen Page Paper... ut and Twelve Page Paper, Eigen Page Paper TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. ‘THE CuIcaGO TRIBUNE bag established branch - offices for the rece|pt of subscriptions and advertise- ments 28 follows: NEW YORK—Hoom 2 Tribyne Building. FB, T.Mo- Fappes, Manager. _ PARIS, France.—No. 16 Rue de la Grange-Bafelere. B, MABLER, Agent. ee Eng,-American Exchange, «49 Strand. Hen ILLIG, Agent. WASHINGTON, D. C.—1519 F street. SOCIETY MEETINGS. Cee ee eee ty erentigr deni at 120 Conclare inesday evening, Ls ef Glock. Work on the Templar Order, Visiting Sir Enights sre courteously invited. By order. . BM. CARR, MD. ‘Commander. 3.0, DICKERSON, Recorder. . EILWINNING ZODGE, No. 3, A. F. & A. M—In- wulauoe oF eae De age place at their bal}, 187 Ponpiebeerenaiy vig’ ay ade 3 Di ren cordially i We Davis, Acting W.2L He 8, ALLEN, Sec. ROA Degree. Vietdug Companions are cordially lye if vied. Hy order Of noneRT MALCOM, M.E.H.P, JOHN O. DICKEKSON, Secretary. APOLLO COMMANDER 0. XK. T,—Special Conclave ‘uasday evening, Jan. 27, It ‘at 7:3. The Order of the Temple will be cunferred.. Members of Fee oane ne re eo Pe Nier of ts area : Eminegt O* SES TIBFANY, Recorder, ; ? LAFAYETTE CHAPTER, NO.2, R. A. M—Hall 76 Monroe-st.—Kegular Convocation Monday evening, ae Ee ea ead eae aor at . tors 20 javited. ae ke 78 COFWAL K. FORSY TE, MB HL P. WA J. BRYAR . BUNDAY, JANUARY 25, 1880, mmander. PARNELL and Dillon were given a‘ cordial reception by the people of Cleveland yester- day. ‘Tue investigation into the causes of the Ute outbreak has been postponed until next Tuesday, owing to the fact that Miss Rose Meeker, the first witness to be examined, did not appear yesterday, Tue excitement regarding wheat, which has raged witH violence in New York for some weeks, culininated yesterday in a tumble which proved tye destruction of several thousand small operators. CoLLEcToR Merrrax, of the Eighth Dli- nois District, who went to Washington _ recently, bearing with him a letter from Secretary Sherman requesting his resigna- tion, seems to have arranged matters in a manner satisfactory to all parties, since the dispatches report that he is coming home again with the positive assurance of the President that his rembval will not be made, ——— Tne Mississippi River bnprovement Com- mittee, which has been in session at St. Louis for some time, adjourned yesterday until the 14th of next month, when it will reassemble in Washington, presenting its report to Con- gress about the Ist of March. This docu- iment will recommend the carrying out of plans made by the Committee, and ask for an appropriation of between $3,000,000 and ‘$4,000,000 for that purpose. A NARRow escape from panic, and conse- quent loss of life, occurred at Fort Wayne, Ind., Friday night. The First Presbyterian Church of that city was crowded with chil- dren attending 2 Sunday-school entertain- ment, when the building was discovered to be on fire. Intense excitement prevailed for afew minutes, but fortunately the flames were extinguished in time to prevent loss of life or serious injury fo anybody. Gey. Grant is enjoying himself in Havana, and is receiving the same attentions there. with which he ‘has been honored in every part of the world. Last Friday evening he was tendered a complimentary banquet at the Palace,—about. eighty distinguished guests, including the Vice-Governor-General and municipal authorities, being present. ‘The affair, though select, was avery brilliant gne, and marked by an entire absence of pratory. - Tue troubles between the Czar of Russia and his wife have long been a matter of ublic notoriety, and some time ago the zarina went to Cannes, France, ostensibly for the befiefit of her health, but really be- |- cause she could no longer live with her hus- band. An effort is now being made to patch up the difficulty betveen the Royal pair, and if it is successful the Czarina will appear at the celebration of the twenty-fifth anniver- sary of the Czar’s‘accession to the throne, which is soon to occur. . TuE London Times sees impen danger in the present state of armed’ neutrality which exists throughout Europe, and makes the proposed ingrease of the German army the text for a few timely remarks on the subject. It cautions the Government to hold aloof from all entangling alliances and keep matters in readiness for decisive action in case the necessity for it exists, The tone of the erticle is much more vigorous than are ustully the utterances of the Times, and shows that, while England prefers peace, she does not propose to be caught unprepared for wan a i Tue investigation into the workings of the “ Shepherd’s Fold,” a New York institu-* tion devoted to the care of children of a ten- der age, was resumed yesterday, some very interesting and hotrfble facts being devel- oped. The teacher of a school t6 which in- matesof the “ Fold” were sent gave evidence as to their being dismissed on account of un- cleanliness, and also related how the little beggars applied at the neighboring houses for food, saying that they were not provided with enough at- home to stay the pangs of hunger. One man, whose boy had been placed by him in the “ Fold?’ ina perfectly healthy condition, told how changed by dis- zase and neglect the little fellow was when removed. A female inmate of the institu- tion, aged 14 years, gave the Court an ap- parently truthful acsount of the workings of the Fold,” and related how its conductor —a Rey. Mr, Cowley—was in the habit_of beating and kicking the witness and other in-, mates. The food served to the children was “of the poorest description and painfully de- | It is to be hoped that the fighting editor’s ficient in quantity, while the table of Cowley and wife never failed to afford all the deli- eacies of the season. If all these stories be .tr¥e,—and there seems nd reason to.doubt them,—Mr. Cowley is a new and unimproved edition of aueers. orm . FRMALE suffragists to thenimber of thirty were before the Judiciary Committee of the House yesterday, and made arguments for a constitutional amendment in favor of their pet scheme. Theonly exciting feature ofthe session wag an earnest but ineffectual at- tempt by some of the ladies to exclude from the session Dr, Mary Walker, who was on hand dressed in male attire and provided with a formidable cane. .Tha doorkeeper, a, erippled ex-soldier, declined to enforce the request of the ladies that Dr. Mary be re- -moved, and, a3 none of her opponents seemed “inclined to undertake the job of setting her outside the door, she remained. —— ‘Tre Democratic Congressmen who started out to prové that the exodus of colored peo- ple from North Carglina to Indiana was the the result of a deep-seated conspiracy on the part of Republicans to aid their party in In- diana are not meeting with a very gratifying amount of success. The principal point brought out by the testimony taken yester- day was that a very large proportion of those who were leaving North Carolina for a more congenial locality were women and children, the number of voters being comparatively small. Unless more encouraging results are soon reached, the promoters of the investi- gation will probably be glad to let the matter drop. ‘Tre news from Maine yesterday was # lit- tle more sensational than for some time past; and, were it not for the ingrained respect for law possessed by the Nei Englander and his unwillingness todo anything caleulated to, bring’ him into disrepute with that high and mighty individual known as the Sheriff, one might fear that there would soon be war on the borders, and that the:rocky hills of the Pine-Tree State would-become the scenes of fratricidal strife. ‘The great Pillsbury, the evil spirit of the Fusionists, who has breathed bad advice into their ears, as Satan did into those of Eve, has issued a pro- nunciamento asking the freemen of Maine whether they,are willing to submit to certain alleged outrages, and calling on them to see to it that their representatives are protected. The “outrage” consists in the stationing of troops in the State-House by the lawful Gov- ernor. Since he has authority ‘to do this, it is not easy to see, at this. distance, why Mr. Pillsbury should bemoan himself, and sinoa the laws and the officers of the law will pro- tect his representatives, it is not apparent that there is any necessity -for calling out a. .mob to. take care of them. So long as Mr. Pillsbury’s words are power- Jess to“stir up any Fusionist fools to violence and rebellion, no harm will come to him; but, if he‘should incite any of his followers to armed resistance to the laws, he will be speedily escorted to jail in company with his fellow-conspirators, The path of the New England revolutionist is not 3, smooth one, ag both Shay and Dorr sadly acknowledged. parson will preach him a sermon to-day an the excellent text of “Put them in mind to obey magistrates,” and that hig hard Demo- ratic heart will be so touched that he will be somewhat milder in his talk to-morrow. TAXING CHURCH PROPERTY. One of the recurrent and spasmodic agita- tions in this country that have never yet accomplished anything important is that in favor of taxing church property. The sub- jectis now demanding some attention from the people of Iowa in the form of a petition addressed to the Legislature and. cipculated for signatures. This petition sets forth in. brief the stock arguments ig favor of church taxation; and, as there are two sides to this as to most other questions, the representa- tions made by the Iowa petition may be used merely to show that the exemption of church . | property from taxation, under proper limita- tion, is notnearly so much of an evil as many people think it to be. an It is always set up that, so long as church property is exempt from the charges put upon stmilar property not used for re- pt , the State is’ assisting to an religion.” This is only a i exemption from taxation is extended _capally to all sects; hence the sectarian feafure cuts no real figure in the ease. The..exemption is based, not upon dogma, but upon the social, moral, and public benefits which churches, as a whole, are believed to confer upon ciyil society. One effect of the exemption isto’ encourage an inerease of churches, and with it an en- Jargement of the moral and civilizing influ- ences which they are believed to exert. If exemption were to extend to the Methodist Chiffch alone, pr to the Catholic Church alone, or merely to the orthodox churches, so-called, or t6 any particular and favored set of - denominations, then it might be fairly charged that the State lends its’special countenance and support to sectarianism.- Yet, while no distinction is “made on pcconnt of dogma or the forms of worship, but the broadest latitude given to all societies of a religious character, there is not sufficient reason to: apprehend any un- constitutional or unwise connection between the Church and.State, which, it may be freely confessed, would be a severe blow at popular government, . ~ 2. Itis asserted rather recklesly that “for every dollar of property. thus-exempted a double burden of taxation is thrown upon an equal amount of other property not thus fa- vored”” It cannot be fairly assumed that church property in any case would be taxed atits.cost, That is not the rule for secular property which is used for business or resi- dence purposes, and church edifices and grounds that do not directly serve any tem- poral and worldly or pecuniarily profitable uses would always be rated at a lower pro- -portion than similar property which earns its rentals. Nor is: it property itself, but the owners thereof, that pay taxes; hence the revenue from taxed chtirches would be small. Aside from a little- coterie of professed “Liberals,” who remain away from church on principle, the great mass of taxpayers are chureh-méinbers, church-goers, or persons interested in the maintenance’ of churches either for the sake of thelr own families or for the public good. The imposition of taxes upon church property:would fall mainly upon those who already pay them in another form. If the clrurch property of Chicago, for instance, were. to yield a public revenue of $100,000 a year ymder taxation, it is not likely that such -refenne: would’ bring an actual relief of more than $5,000 to the anti- church class of taxpayers. .Forallthe others— those who now contribute to the support of the churches. and those who would then be forced to contribute for the payment of the church-tax—it would simply be paying out of one pocket what had previously been paid out of the other. There would he no saving to the great majority of taxpayers, but only adonation as church-supporters. of 2 small part of the sum they had previously paid in taxes upon their individual property. 3. “It is a principle of justice that who- eyer enjoys the protection of a Government should assist in its support.” -. It is not neces- sary to controvert this statement in order to justify the exemption of church property | maintenance for themselves, thejy from taxation; Itis true that. the churches enjoy protection from the Government, but itis also true that they assist in more ways than one in supporting the Government. In the first place, the real owners Aas ted oars —the men who contribu amas eige i families, or the poor—contribute to the support of Government in ninety-nine ouk of, every bundred.cases by the payment of taxes on other property. In the next place, the churches of themselves essist in the sup- port of the Government in so far a3 they maintain : charitable institutions, and pro-, mote public morals, good habits, the sentiment . of . subordination to . consti- tuted authority, obedience to law, the sense of public duty among citizens, and the other attributes of temperance; and ‘decency, and honesty which are included in the mis- sion of every Church, without regard to its dogma, School property is exempted from taxation without protest because itis em- ployed in the work of educating the: youth of the country to a condition of intelligent citizenship. The most intolerant non-church- man will scarcely deny that the Sunday- schools, which are‘now such prominent ad- juncts of the church system, teach many ‘poor andilliterate children who would never learn to read otherwise, and inculcate moral principles that might not be acquired jn the secular schools.. The moral restraints exer- elsed by the churches: in manifold ways are undoubtedly of such service to the State as to.warrant the Jatter’s countenance.and en- couragement short of an identification he- tween Ohurch and State, 4, The argument .that; by continued ex- emption of church property, from taxation, “ecclesiastical cofporations are enabled to ‘amass: Immense wealth the exemption of which lays much heavier burdens upon secu- lar property,” has more forcethan apy other. Buta remedy for this evil may he found in an improvement of the laws and the admin- istration thereof without an indiscriminate imposition of taxes upon places of worship. It is not to be denied that the exemption should be confined strictly to property. occu- pled and used exclusively for church serv- ices, So far as church ownership fs used merely to cover up property that serves secu- lar purposes, and is thus made profitable, ex- emption isa fraud upgn the public. Nearly every large city has cases of this kind, and it is the business and duty of the lawmakers and law officers to make such cases yitld a proper proportion of the tax-levy. Avoid- ance of tax in every such instanceis as repre- hensible as a similar escape in the.case of secular ownership, but it hag no direct ap- plication to the general question whether or not church property, used for religious pur- poses only, should be taxed. 5, There is no force whateyer in the un- founded apprehension that the exemption of church property from taxation will, at some future day, extend the acquisitions and power ofthe churches beyond the control of the Government. This might occur, as it: has occurred in other countries and other time’, if the Government were committed to the support of any single Church of overshadow- ing strength and encouraged this protégé’s greed for wealth. But the safety of Govern- ment in this country from church encroach- ment is pretty. well assured by the number of and irrectncilalje conflict among the sects, each and all of whom enjoy.equal but no special favor at the hands of Government. Phe various denominations may be: safely trusted, according to all the indications of late years, to maintain differences so radical and dissensions so lively that any combina- tion against the civil polity of the Staté will be out of the question. For those who do not advocate church taxation on principle (and those who do, as a rule, simply constitute the small number of people who affect to deprecate church influ- ences), the practical-view of the agitation is that the game is not worth the candle. The amount of taxation which church property, strictly speaking, would yield to most com- munities would. not repay the time, labor, and contention which will be involved in the effort to.abandon the ysual policy of exemp- tion. The indifference which this view of the case naturally creates is increased by the obvious reflection that nearly all taxpayers would be compelled to pay for the support of Government in as large a proportion after taxing the churches as they do now, because, to the extent that their individual taxation might be abated, they would be called upon for additional church contributions. The new rule would only exempt tha stingy pecs ple, after all. ENGLISH AND IRISH POLITICS. It js now quite evident that the dissolution, of the present English Parliament cannot be long delayed. ‘The Liberals have already entered the lists. with their boldest gladi- ators, ‘The Tories are taunted with coward- ice In not accepting the challenge. The- foreign policy of the Ministry is subjected to the most scathing criticism. The recent Liberal victories in. Donegal and Sheffield, where the issue was fairly joined, are point- ed to as evidence of the want of confidence in the Government. Many of the constit- uencies have already selected their can- didates. The rival leaders are formulating theirpolicies. The “election cries ” and issues have been agreed on. The Liberals are confident and aggressiyo; i the Tories profess to be confident also, but’ are, up to the present time, acting on the de- fensive, The Tories are united in fayor of the foreign and domestic policy of Lord Beaconsfield. There are no dissensions in their ranks; all interests and ambitions are subordinated to the general suqeess of the party. Their organization is complete. The leaders’ are not’ overscrupuloug7as to ,the means by which they secure adherents. The good Tory Bishop whose watchwords were “Beer and the Bible” was a truly repre- sentative Tory. Lord Beaconsfield’s follow- ers may be individually opposed to unre- ‘stricted beer-drinking on Sundays, but politically they can see no harm in trimming to suit the publicang, or ‘Licensed Victual- Jers” as they are ealled,—seeing, too, thata majority of that organization formerly acted with the Liberals. The services of Dr. Kenealyand the Tichbornites are bynomeans unacceptable, and pretty high bids are made for their support, as was the case in Sheffield at the late election. While the Tories present such a united front, the Liberals appear to be torn up by dissensions, petty jealousies, and aristocratic intrigues against Mr. Gladstone. The Gran- yilles, and’ the Cayendishes, and the other blue-blooded Whigs cannot. forgive Glad- stone for his’ Radical tendencies. The Pall Mall Gazette, the joint organ of the “ Jin- goes ” and Whigs.—or, as the latter wish’ to be called, the moderate Liber ':—contains numerous letters from those so-called Lib- erals expressing their preference ‘for Sir Stafford Northcote as a leader, if the choice isbetween that geytleman and Gladstone. ‘They will be satisfied with guch.good, easy Liberals as the Marquis ofpHartington and Mr. Lowe, but will have none of Gladstone. They might eyen take kindly to Sir William Harcourt, but never to a man-who, if Prime Minister, would appoint John Bright, Sir Charlés DiJke, Bfr.’Chamberlain, and‘ other Radicals, to Cabinet positions,- Then, again, there are many Radical erotehets,—such as Sunday-closing .and’*‘ permissive bills,” dis- establishment of the Episcopal State Church, extension of suffrage to the farm-laborers,— which ‘alienate ‘a large’ number of quasi- ‘ £ aristocrats who haye hitherto acted with the Liberal party. © Fea as a Notwithstanding all these drawbacks, there is avery reason to predict ‘that the Liberals «will have a fair working majority in the next House ‘of Commons—that is, if the Irish ‘Home-Rulers and Land-Reformers act with ‘them. : The English farmers had been so ac- customed to vote as the parson and the land- ') lord directed that, notwithytanding the -pro- tection afforded by the Ballot act, they did so ‘at the last’ general election. AS & conse- ‘quence, the rur&l constituencies of England have hitherto been Tory strongholds, but the agricultural depregsion and exorbitant rents ‘will doubtlegs induga many of the farmers to vote against the Tory candidates atthe ap- -proaching election, and this the more readily as by means af the secret pallot they need not dread the wrath of the Tory or Whig Jandlord, It is safe to say’ that the Liberals will win a number of county seats, prin- cipally in. the northern and eastern shires. By the aid of the Home-Rulers they will regain about @ dozen urban constituencies which were lost by loca} dissensions and the bolt of tha rumsellers in the last election. In Scotland, which is pretty generally de- voted to Liberalism, the Tories are expected to Suffer a loss of from. thirteen to eighteen seats, Previous to the Inst_ election Scotland was represented by fifty-one Liberals and three Torics, In tha present Parliament there are eighteen Torjes from Scotland, of whom os many ag eight were carried in by majorities of: less than 100, Midlothian, for which Mr. Gladstone 1s candidate, was car- ried for the Tories py 145 votes. Mr. Glad- stonehas thoroughly roused the Scotch Lib- erals, and the disaffection caused by his sup- port of denominational education in Ireland has entirely passed away, so’ that it would not be atall surprising if Scotland was repre- ‘sented in the next Parliament by a solid Lib- eral delegation. The success of the Liberals in Donegal last December indicates that many of the Ulster constituencies hitherto represented by Tories will return Liberals or Land-Reformers to the next Parliament,.- The rent-ridden Pres- byterian farmers ara ag much interested in reform of the Land Inwsas the Catholic farm- ers of the South, and, ag no measure of relief can be expected from the Tories, it is highly probable that several Liberal tenant-farmers will take the placa of the Ulster Tories. In the south fnd west of Ireland the whole Tory representation will be swamped. From calculations made we may predict that the Tories will not have more than twenty Irish members,—a-loss of thirteen, The Home- Rulers will almost certainly act with a thoroughly Liberal. Government, To sum up, then, tlie *‘ signs of the times?” indicate that the Liberals will gain at least eighteen seats in England, twelve in Scot- land, and thisteen in Ireland, making a total gain of forty-three, which will count efghty- six ina division ‘of the House; and, as the Tory majority is less than sixty at the present time, it is quite likely that Mr. Gladstone will be the next Premier of England. The new Liberal candidates selected thus far are Rad- cals in nearly every instance, and the Scotch and Irish Liberals will not follow the lead of Granyille or Hartington, Vernon Harcourt or Robert Lowe. If the Liberals carry the next election the victory willbe undoubtedly followed by great and: important changes of the Land laws of freland, and at least the abolition of Primogeniture and Entail laws in England and Scotland, and a simplification of the laws for the sale and transfer of land, to correspond somewhat'with the American, Canadian, or Australian systems of land transfer, There will also be an extension of suffrage in Ire- land, and to the farmers of England and vil- lagers livingin the country districts, to cor- respond with the franchise now: enjoyed in the cities and boroughs... The foreign policy of Greqt Bntain will be greatly modified, and there will be far less costly “glory and gun- powder” nonsense in the -relation of that Empire to other peoples,., The Liberal Ad- ministration will study how to promote the material welfare of the nation by the arts of commerce and appliances of peace. . CONCERNING THE DUTY OF PLEASURE. In his latest work, “The Data of Ethics,” Mx.’ Herbert Spencer presents some very strong arguments to show that the cultiva- tion of pleasure is one of the prime duties of life, and, as mankind naturally seeks for pleasure in preference to sorrow, his argu- ments will undoubtedly receive very general attention,’ Mr, Spencer’s first position is, that Pleasure is desirable because it is a useful and life-preserying function, and that the co- incidences of pleasurable and life-preserying activities are a necessary -condition of per- manent existence, sinca it is a naturallaw that we should seek pleasure, and it is a con- dition of self-preservation that our actions should tend toward the highest standards of organic efficiency. His second position is, that'a rational pursuit of individual enjoy- ment is preliminary to an effective rendering of services to. others, which, of course, em- phasizes the “daty of pleasure by making it an obligation“ not only to one’s self, but to others, It would seem at first sight as if it were unnecessary,to urge pleasure upon mankind | ag a duty, since all mankind chases after it in various ways. - While, accepting it, how- ever, as a duty, it would haye beet more to the purpose’ had he pointed out those rational methods of pursuing it which do not involve an ultimate burden not only of satiety, but also of physical and mental pain, For in- stance, there are men so constituted that at the comriencement of business-life the mak- ing of money is the highest possible form of enjoyment. They find a keen pleasure in ‘accumulating it, and,:.even if they do not develop into misers, who perhaps are the most satisfactory persons to themselves and the least’ satisfactory to the community of all, people living, they soon become so engrossed in their golden pleasure that ‘they abandon one after the other all their natural impulses, emotions, and tastes which would give them healthy pleasure and increase the general fund of others’ enjoyment. At last they concentrate themselves so completely upon. this one object that syhat commenced as a pleasure:ends as 2 mania that shuts up every other avenue of enjoyment. Worse than this, such a mania always ends ‘in positive discomfort and pain, The money-maniac loses confidence in his kind. He is kept in constant anxiety for fear he will losa his ac- eumulations. Nothwithstanding his satisfac-- tion with his money and the position it gives him, he feelg that he cannot enjoy what other people are enjoying, and he ends by being angry with people for enjoying things that he cannot obtain with all his money. Dwelling upon this great want in his life, he becomes sour, gloomy, and misanthropieal; and this condition ‘of- temperament’ always reacts; uffon: the body*until he becomes an actual physical sufferer,—the result of his , chase after pleasure,’ , a Take another instance, There are women so constifuted. that they. find the keenest pleasure amid funereal surroundings. There is no possible yiew of the-world that gives them so much comfort as the assumption that it is a yale of tears, gnd that we are all poor, wretched creatures journeying to the grave. Such an one would ‘hang the heavens with crape, if it were possible, change every Tose to black, turn every gay-colored bird into a crow, and supplant smiles with sobs, and at the same time take pleasure in it, She finds ARY .25, 1880—SIXTEEN PAGES. a mild form of enjoyment in a morbid view of life, keen pleasure Jn learning of others’ tribulations; and the wildest hilarity in fu- nerals, whether she has enjoyed the ac-. quaintance of the departed or not. The fu- neral, as a rule, is her highest form of pleas- ure, because it affords her.unlimited oppor- tunities for Weeping as well as enjoying the. tearsofothers. The general gloom of the oc- casion, the darkened rooms, the stiff funeral “flowers, the hushed footsteps, the mournful countenances of her neighbors, the dispirit- ing remarks of the minister, and the profes- sional grief of the undertaker, all combine to make the octaston pleasgntly‘satisfactory to her, and to arouse’ in her mind a certain sort of jealousy of the late. departed, who to her appears te be the happlegt person in the oom, Undoubtedly she enjoys all this in- tensely, and contemplates with satisfaction these inevitable eventa, that remind not only her, but all present, that this is a vale of tears, notwithstanding the efforts of Nature to brighten it up with its hues on sky, water, and éarth. ." None the less this‘enjoyment in- volves an accumulation of pain, because no Person can continually look-on the dark side, weep’ on the slightest provocation, and in- dulge in morbid yiews of life, without its acting upon thaf person's liyer, and when once that aggravating organ refuses to do its duty it throws all the other machinery, out of order, thug entailing suffering and pain not only upon {ts ‘lachrymose owner, but upon all the other ynfortunate beings condemned to live with her; for of all earthly afflictions there are few harder than to live with a per- son whose biliary functions are disturbed. ‘There is still another class of people who honestly desive pleasure and earneatly seek for it, hut always go the wyong way to get it. To thoroughly enjoy.pleasure one must go about it in one’s own way, and thus must risk the odium of being considered inde- pendent if not eccentric. The mass of peo- ple chase after plehsure, not because it is In- trinsically pleasant to them, but becguse the erowd rushes after “it, People flock to operas, concerts, avatering-places, dinner- partigs, and spectacles because it is the thing to do, and work harder to enjoy them than thegdo in their ordinary business, and are never so happy as when they get hack into their regular. routine. They go because society tells them to go; and wnques- tionably they strive to enjoy them, as if pleasure were a thing to be pounded out or dug out, instead of being spontaneous, and they go-home. tired, crusty, sour, and morose. The only Teal pleasure they get out of them is in venting their spleen upon those around them, and administering vigorous self-condemnation upon themselves. There is no real pleasure that doesnot proceed from within outwardly. A man who is at peace. with himself, with his fellows, and with his God, who has taken good care of his liver and his stomach, who never indulges in pleasures that involve discomfort, fatigue, or exciting indulgence, and who carries his en- joymentin a quiet, rational way into all the duties of his life, is the man who has solved the real problem of pleasyre. When such a man comes into 2 house, it is like opening the doors and windows and letting in the fresh, bracing breeze and genial sunlight. His big, hearty physique, cheery voice, and ringing Inugh ‘surround him with an atmosphere of pleasure that extends to all with whom he comes in contact. ‘He has no manias that even a,child fears, The world is not a vale of tears to him. . He does not seek after a pleasure because other people are running after it, or because society tells him to do so, but because the pleasure is desirable to him, and because he enjoys it and cancom- municate it to others. ENGLISH IND]FFERENCE TO IRISH WANT, ‘The most striking evidence of the antago- nistic fegling between the English and the Irish people is the seeming heartlesness of the English press concerning the ] proe ceedings now going on in Ireland against the tenants in arrears for rent. We need not re- peat the story of the horrible land system in Treland. The owners are mainly non-rasi- dents, and representatives of Saxon families who obtained the land by confiscation, and who spend their time and money in England or on the Continent. The land is, in many eases, if not generally, covered with settle- ments of fixed sums, to be paid annually out of the rents. The owner inherits the estate charged with these settlements in fayor of various persons,—brothers, sisters, cousins, uncles, and aunts. The residue of the rent, after paying these lens, is the share of the proprietor, who, in turn, at his death, charges the land with provisions for the support of those dependent on him. Land is often, in this way, subjettdéd to charges for the support of two generations of persons receiving annu- ities out of the rents. ‘To meet these, and to live in the style of 4 nabob, there is a necessity for keeping the income from the rents at the utmost sum. The.expenditure of the owner is limited to his fncome from the land; and, as there is not enough land to supply all those leeches, the landlords resort to the practice of renting by competition. This is what is known as “ragk-renting.” A tenant-farmer who pays $10 an acre rent, and who by hard Jabor and economy is just able to make that rent and gupport his fam- ily, is met at the next leasing by a notice that the farm will be rented to the highest bidder. If the landlord receive offers of $15, $20, or even $25 an acre rent, the tenant in posses- sion must, though he knows the land- in the best of seasons will not pay this sum, ad- vance on these prices or move out, and proba- bly. be unable to get another farm even on ag good terms. - This system of rack-renting, or -renting by competition, practiced year after year, has forced the rates of rent to such 3° point that the laborious struggle of the ten- ant is to pay the rent and get potatoes and buttermilk enough to keep his family from starving, If there be-even a partial failure of the crop, or if theft be a partial blight of the potatoes, then there is ejther an inability to pay ‘the whole rent or a: chance of the family famishing, and perhaps both, ( The crops of Ireland (and also of England) partially failed in 1878. ln 1879 the failure was even greater, and American competition in meats and breadstuffs deprived the pro- ducers of much of the value of what little they had to sell. The loss was general, ex- tending to every county in Ireland and to ‘every locality, reducing the whole tenant- farming population, north and south, Catho- lie and Protestant, toa common plane of mis- fortune. To the extent of their crop, to the yalue of every bushel of grain and roots, to the money received for every pig, and beef, and cow, for every pound of butter, and for eyerything that labor could produce,—all was given over to the landlord to pay the rent. All that was reserved was such scant quantity of ‘potatoes as might furnish the family with food until more could be raised. The failure to pay the rent in whole or only in part yas, of course, a reduction of the income of the Jandlords,. They suffered the loss of 10, 25, or 40 per cent of their in- come, and, as their*habit of living required every penny of-income, the default of rent has subjected. them to inconyenience.' They had the “legal” claim to their full rent. The tenants legally owed them the whole sum called for by the contract. They had the legal power ‘to enforce all the hard obliga- tions of that contract. In short, the law and the cruel gustom of Ireland were on their, side, es ae ee But, while there is no. more legal defense for the non-payment of full rent this. year, | 4onating;sums varying from fiye to twenty there is mach to be said jn extenuation of the default: The tenants could not control the: elements, They could not restrain the tor- rents of rain that during the summer of 1879 deluged Irelagd; they could not regtrain the ffdods that swept the growing grain and iapoiled the hay in the field, and even washed. the reot-crop from the earth’ they could not drive off the watery clouds that for weeks jand months obscured the sun, poured down torrents, and kept from the earth the heat -and light that were needed. to warm yegeta- ‘tion into healthy life and vigor; they could ‘nat’prevent the fall in the market prices of ‘what they had left for sale, The wreck and Tuingof their year’s labor was through no “fault or crime of theirs. twas one of those “calamitous visitations that title the victiins ‘to the sympathy and tip forbearance. of man- kind. They failed to pay thé rent because ‘Nature refused to reward their labor with ‘her accustomed productions, ‘and for this -calamity the landlords are. flinging them out of doors upon the streets, 0 ‘The papers of Jreland, as wellasthe London papers, are daily filled. with descriptions of, the work now going on In that unhappy coun- try of evicting those tenants who are unable to pay their rent to the last shilling. The Jandlord sues ouf @ legal process, which Is placed in the hands of bailiffs. This process }- is the seryice of a notice to vacate the prem- ises within a certain number of days, A de- tachment of armed constabulary—a military police—accompany the process-servers, This: is the first step. The second is, to take a mili- tary ‘foree and evict or expel. the. ten- ants and their famflies from the premises at the point of, the bayonet, Everything..upon the land has already been sold off to pay the rent.. Now comes the expulsion of the un- fortunate victims. The practice. Js, to take a whole estate at a time. All the defaulting ten- ants are notified at Gnee, and aresubsequently forcibly evicted as rapidly as the soldiery can doit, As soon as the family is thrust upon the roadside the cabin is leveled to the earth. The evicted, numbering hundreds df tenant-farmers and their families in each dis- trict, have no place to gq to, Theygannot rent gor obtain other land; they cannot accept .the shelter of other and more fortunate} tenants, because the sheltering or harboring of evicted tenants is visited by aforfeiture of the leases of the charitably disposed. An evicted tenant be: bachelor, and possessed of not large, income, he Is enable thous whole time and much of hig foraae hig ald suffering humanity and to Nigence, Promate Inte. en AS a Fea i Chicago (Tniause office, nef, vt deg. 52m. 573,: west Tongttad tbe a ‘Washington, and sb. 50m. &08.trom are 70m The subjoined table shows the ting w@ of the. maon’s lower limb, ang the on. “fof lighting the first streot-lamp ig sett in this ctty, during the coming eack eathag dered sooner on account of bad fash the following times for h lamp: extinguishing aby he tng. ing she will set nearly jn compan: Monday, sun’s appa line rises Tan Souths 12m. 46.83. p. mz Sets 5:( . Friday, sun’g upper limb rises 7-13 4, . Souths 13m. 31L6s.p.m. Sets sane } Sidereal time Thursday noon, 20h. Simm 2 Mercury is near the sun; rising about bat hour before him. . . bee ‘Venus is@ morning star. Thursday ath. 40m. a. m.; souths at 9b. 23m. a. 1 she as three-fourths of her diso is jlluminated’ gy now approaching the sun. eee Boy Mars {gan. evening star, Thy gouths 6h. 47m. p. m., and sets at2h. 8m. the fol oving morning. About nine-tenths of his fuming disc is turned towards us, He fea litiee from the Pleiades, and Thursday ‘evening will be degrees east of Zeta in Aries, nearly on pling between that star and the Pleiades, Jupiter is an evening’ star. ‘Thursday’ 8h. 12m. p.m. He {sa short distance feat of Aquaries. At bh. 14m. Tuesday evening the gegond aatellite will pasé behind’ the “planet Thursday evening, at 6h. 35m., the first wenn will pass behind him; and Friday evening: at 6h. 4m., the first satellite will pass from betr, usand the planet. These phenomens are visi, ' in good weather through a very small tel Saturn is an evening star, nearly midway be. tween the apparent places of Mars and Supiter, and situated east of south from-the Southeasy corner in the square of Pegasus. Auradgy by souths at 4h. 10m., and sets at 10h--fim: p-m, ‘The breadth of his ring is apparently about two. thirteanth parts of its, greatest diameter, -..°, Trams, am = Tae comes by Irish landlordism an outcast. Hu- manity -is ignored; the men, -women, ‘and children may die ‘on the roadside, but they are not permitted to find shelter among other tenants on the estate. - Homeless, housele®, in rags, their lastacent and their last piece of properfy confiscated to pay rent, without food, they are put on the street to perish there, or to wander to the nearest almshowse, and there find the treatment proyided for public paupers. All past experiénee has shown a heavy mortality among these evicted people. - fe ‘ This cruel, merciless work of eviction is now going of in various parts of. Jreland. Each day adds its hundredg to the numberof starving, homeless wretches who. have been unable to pay the rack-rents because’of the general failure of the crop and: fall in prices during two successive seasons. The Jand is eevered with the rapidly-gathering pall of famine, and the military are enforcing with the bayonet the relentless demand for: rent from the starving people. : ‘ ‘What cannot fail to strike-the world with astonishment is the heartless and indifferent tone of the London press. They publish from day today the details of these heart- rending evictions, and express not a word of sympathy for the expelled, ruined tenants; notone word of remonstrance against the infamous cruelty of. the acts. They cry aloud that the landlord is entitled to his pougd of flesh. They admit that the failure to pay the rents is. due to the failure of the crops.. They confess that the tenants have nat left themselves food enough to sustain life, But, like Shylock with his bond, they declare that the defaulting tenant must pay the rent or go out upon the’ roadside. The military of the British Government is em- ployed to enforce this expulsion, and nots paper in Londou has the humanity to, utter one word of remonstranceagainst these cruel, brutal, murderous, and wholesale evictions of famine-stricken fanmers from their little homes,—their only shelter.. ‘The world cannot fail to look with won- der upon the spectacle of several hun- dred thonsand people stricke with famine, within twelye hours’ travel of Londoh, and the British Government employing its mili- tary force to collect abfentee landlords’ rack- rent, expelling the people from their homes, and the. English: press silent’as death con- cerning tie devilish cruelty. The English people are reputed to be humane, generous, and liberal, No appeal in behalf of suffering humanity falls unheeded‘on their ears, Why, then, does the English press address no word of appeal or remonstranea ta these Irish landlords to stay this brutal work of eviction? “Why this encouragement, “by silence, 6& these eviction proceedings, when perhaps a few weeks more will witness how more effectually famine will rid the land of its occupants than even the Anglo-Irish armed constabulary ? apr VERE FOSTER, THE IRISH FILANTHROPIST. ‘Vere Foster, of Ireland, who, in a letter to- Mr. Parnell, offers to donate $75,000 for the purpose of assisting emigtation of the starved and eyicted Irish to this country, has long. been known as one of ‘the most filanthropic men nqw living. Hitherto he has devoted himself almost exclusively to the cause of education in Ireland, spending the greater. portion of a large fortune in promoting the best methods,. scholastic and technical. About twenty years ago the Irish national. school-buildings were in keeping with’ the miserable -hovels of the peasantry,—badly lighted, badly ventilated, and in every ess¢h- tial unsuited for school purposes. fr. Fos- ter rode: on horseback throughout Ireland, inspecting the schools in every yillage and pounds to put the bpildings in suitable state. Clay floors were the rule when he .com- menced his tour, and one.can well imagine the discomforts to which the barefooted chil- dren were subjected through this state of affairs. There ig not now in all Ireland a national school without a tyood floor, and for this, as well as many othey improvements, the people are indebted to: Mr, Foster. Having secured comparatively. comfortable school-houses, he next sturned his’ at- tention to effecting improvenfént in ¢du- cational methods. Securing ithe. aa ation of the “Society for‘ tha Promo- tion of Christian Knowledge” in providing ‘woodcuts for the adornment of the walls, he himself introduced a segies of excellent drawing-books ata nominal cost, honing to tarn to” adyantage the Temarkable artistic tastes of the Irish school-children, He- has for the last twenty years spent: about $5,000 annually in prizes for proficiency in drawing, ‘writing, and technical skill and knowledge. > He identified himself for the first time with Trish Politics afew months ago, on the occa- sion of Mr. Parnell’s visit: to Belfast, when he occupied a. seat on the platform by his friends Mr. Biggar and the Rev. Mfr; Nelson. It: is ‘probable, however, that Mr. Foster | identifies himself rather with the humani- tarian part of. Mr, Parnell’s program than “with the political, as he is of a temperament entirely unsuited for politics. He is a Uni- tarian in religion, but is utterly“devold of sectarian prejudice of any Kind, Being a” to-| occurs on the 12th of February, in @ manner Uranus souths Thursday at 2h, 4m, a.m, He is just visible to the naked eye in. a clear th; put not favorably situated for evening ole a Hon. : Sn an Neptune souths Thursday ‘at “bh. 55m, B Right Ascension 2h.-3im., and Declingttay'y, deg. 55 min. north. He is invisible except through a telescope. a Next month will ‘contain five Bundays, This occurs once every twenty-eight yearg, exoep where the continuity is broken by dropping out the 29th af February at the end of s .centaiy, February contained five Sundayg in 1%, + .,... ———ee t «Duan Littlé Buttercup. Cox”, will lea Hot to tackle Congressmen from the Great Wes; until he has taken their measure’ as. humor “Im his set-to with Horr, of Michigan, ene day he was placed hora de combat by the Imnbers man, and he will not soon recover. : Cox is fessedly véry sharp and witty, and has so long enjoyed the reputation of 4 homorist in Cos gress that he has become jealous of any ona wha frespasses upon his special domain; but Har has taught the author of “Why We Langh't that Cox himself may be made the subject of good-natured merriment in the bands of 4 witty antagonist. Mr. Cox must remember, too, when hes looking about for a'fit subject f6r bls joke that nearly all of our famous humorists—arte mus Ward, Mark Twain, Bret Harte, Mr. Nasby! and the rest of them—were reared and first at- tracted attention in the West, and that, as in the case of Congressman Horr, he is liable to * wake up the wrong passenger” in a new member, :~“: nl : ConcEeRNING the proposed change in. Now. Pork of choosing Presidential Electors, the'St Louts Times (Dem.) takes the floor and remarks: “1t looks now like elections in this'country ba come to be mere jugglery. How long such tra esties on. fair: balloting will ‘command tht obedience of the people and the neoessary re~ spect for authority will depend oncireumstanices or accident only. And herejp patriatio and thoughtful men see much which may wel} create anxiety.” Wien we cabt our byes.up in the direction of Maine and observe .the i thing was managed there by Garcelon apd fhe, rest, we naturally fall into the haptt of. moral: « izing in astrain yery like’ that “In “Which the Times indulges. = A NuMBER of cities are taking gdyantage- of the money plethora, and are refunding thelr indebtedness at a lower rate of interest Phila! delphia gets a large loan at 4 per cent Bt; Louis, which has been paying 6 anq% per cent interest, managed to refund balf a million dol-, lars in bonds the other day at §per cent at 8, fraction above par. Detroit has done better, thanks to the smallness of its debt, having fost. ed its 4 percents at a premium.. The best show" ing of all, howaver, is Hartford, Conn, whlch’ managed to make $25,000 in premiums on 3. small lot of 4 per cents. Milwankea has just, made a handsome saying in the same direction. _—— SS eae ~ PRESIDENTIAL. straws continue to fill tht air. A poll of the New Jersey Legislature shows, a nearly equal division among its members be. tween Biaine and Grant, the former being slight; ly ahead, and Sherman altogetlier without sup, iPort. The Keokuk Gate’ City interviews seventy” leading Republicans of Iowa, ahd-finds thiry- | four of they for Blaine, twenty-eignt for Grant” and eight for Sherman. In Portland, Ore. ths’ xote stood sixty-two for Blaine, fourteen tos: Grant, and thirtgen forSherman” 2°: Tue people of Galesburg propose to ol brate the birthday of Abraham Lincoln, WH! worthy of the occasion. ° Speeches will be made- by Col. Carr and Col. Anderson, and sband‘cf, colored singers will fittingly supplément the elo- quence of the orators with patriotic songs, an4 Mr. Lincoln's valued friend, President Batemat,’ of Knox College, will preside. i Tue delegates fo the State Convention have been chosen in Philadelphia, and 8 shows that fourteen are for. Blaine, rd have no chOfce, four. are for Blaine on Grant, three are for Grant, three are for Conkling, 03° - is for Hifyes, one is for McManes, one 1s £0F Blaine or Washburne, and six are unde! ———— ‘Tre Bidemington Pantagraph days tat, McLean County planted 285,000 acres to cama at year; that the yield was forty bushels ta oe acre, produging 12,500,000 bushels, and that worth $3,993,879. It says that MoLean 1st banner corn-growing county of Ilinals, a) conseduently, of the world. . - ————a Ye 14a matter of sincere regret.to many Bourbon newspapers that Gen. Garfield srs} have spokén kindly of Senator Thurman st t™. banquet after the former's election. Thecess is so exceptional where good thing§ca. be or of. Democrats that these newspapers ought le ‘be gble to standit. at en OS “Tine ‘State Rgyister (Dem.) denies,, with some heat, 4 Day represents the canaidany & Tilden ‘in HitnofS, as alleged by the New ie World. It declares it is for the nominee?” ie. Convention, whoever he is. That don't prev? ithe Register at present from representing’ a 4 however. Pe ae : —— Mp, Voonuees had better drop his cate ored-exodus investjgatiqn and set one on ry ascertain the cauge of! so much- Dem toe deviltry in Maine. It is an admirable td Congressional inquiry, and a committee of BOE» ‘bons might find ste loyment init > eB, TEE distinguished literary gentlems attion the State of Massachusetts, have De? appointed Minister.to England. President ie risqn nominated Edward Bverett. f nominated J. Lothrop Motley, and, Rs Hayes names Jgmes Russell Lowell. a — ‘Tue Maine Fusionists seem determined ft : fight {t out on the Garceloh line if if takF2 * winter. 4 2 ge eh —_— THE for. Dement $F e Warren Séitinel is pened Secretary of State,.and for Shaw for At . General. It says a good word for ConpTesEe