Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 24, 1880, Page 4

Presidont should bo National tn character, and ought to come from Congress, ‘Thero would appear to bo just three practicable plans, as follows: 1, An election by popular vote, ns the Stato elects its Governor. Tho sum of tho votes would then be taken without regard to geo- graphical lines, and the person recelving more votes tin the aggregate than any other single candidate would be chosen. 2, An election, as in France, by the popular branch of Congress, This would ollminate from the election the arbitrary aud Ineqult- able allowance of two Electoral votes to overy State without regard to population, It two regularly organized militin companies, who will sce that the legal Legislature and the property of the State are not interfered with, ThisInstapasm on the part of the conspirators ls probably but thesuresign of tho final collapse of tho Democratic schente to inaugurate a system of plundering which wns intended to culminate In the seating of tho Democratic candi late in the Presidoutial ehalr. 7 Che Tribune. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. VY MANIN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID, Mitty edition, one yonr.. Tartaot a por mo Rondng Falttions dat WAIT BUOPE sess ae faturday Eattlon, a A vLtant and willing witness for the Dem- ocrate in the useless investigation of the exodtis question by the Voorhees Committe has heen provided in the person of oneJames Specimen coples xont froe. a count Tor}Ontea idiross tn full uelnding Blate sae | E, O'liarn; q colored man of Repablieau miles would bo necessary to provide, however, 1 tent , codenta, who is now engaged In pushing Ms | thatthe Presittont ao chosen should beeleeted , Homittances may be made althor by draft, oxpross, J hat tho Presid chosen ahi 4 Porvofee onter, or in Texistered letter, at our sis. | claim toa seat In Congress from the Second by the Congress which had been voted In by § TENMS TO CITY SUBSCRINERS. District of North Carolina, Being n candl- : the people Just bofore tho expiration of the 1 Dally, deilvercd, Sunday excepted, 25 conta por wok. date for favor at the hands of the Demo- | presidential term, and not by a Congress 2 Dally, doltvered, Bunday Included, 180 centa por woek. | cratic majority, and shrewdly surmising that | which had been elected two years proviously bk ANGE cman aoa Soe aati his chances of getting an allowance of two | and which might no longer represent the 4 per w ‘ years’ pay, even though debarred fron tho | political sontiments of the popular majority, Be POSTAGE, seat, would bo improved by mnking himscit 8, An olection upon the present plan, with i — solld with the party having the powor to | auch improvements in the manner of count uy Batered at the Postopice at Cheagn, Illy a Seeond- | make such a donation, O'Hara seems to | ing the Electoral vote as past oxperlenco ant “ P = have determined on making a clean job | common justice suggest. These Inprove- ‘ For the bonofit of our patrons who dosira to send | of {t, and his testimony yesterday was © | ments must be determined by Congress, and 5 Anglo coples of ‘Tite TRINUNE through tho mall, wo give horawith tho branelabt rate of postage: Domes! F ant and Twolve Pago T's \ pixtoon Hage Paper. Eight and Twolvo 1" Hixteon Page Paper TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. ‘nw CHICAGO THINUNE haa established branch offices for the receipt of subscriptions und udvertiso- nents as follows: NEW YORK--toom 29 Tribune Building. F.'T, 20+ i FADDRN, Manager, PARIS, France,—No. 18 tue de Ia Grange-Batelora. + I Mammen, Agent. remarkable tribute to the Democracy of North Carolina, whom he represented 18 treating the negroes with such overflowing khidneas and gonerosity ns to oxcito surprise tat the entire colored population of the South has not flocked to that paradise of equal rights and fraternal feeling, In his anxiety to cater to the Democratic investiga- tors and afford Mr. Voorhees some material with which to prepare a report of the kind required inthis emergency, O'Hara slopped over very badly, and went to the ridiculous extent of declaring that “the Sntelligent no State by any action of Its own can in- fluence tho matter favorably or otherwise. The traditions of the Government, the Iinbit of the people, and the provislons of the Constitution are all favorable to the re- tention of the present system, if It can be so perfected as to the counting of the votes that there shall be n reasonable protection against fraud, and a reasonable assurance of 0 Inw- ful and peaceful ascertalnment of the re- sult, New. York, acting singly, pannot de- part from the system now in vogue In all the States without the suspicion of being hn- NDON, Bng.—Atmorican Exchange, 49 Strand. F joe K. ‘Gintt Sue : uegroot the South ins more to fear from | polled theretoby mere party advantage, nor te WASHING'O! C.—1319 F atroet. AMUSEMENTS, white Republicans inthe South than from Democrats! This witness, like some of the Loutsiana liars who appeared before the Pot- ter Committee, has overdone the business so badly ng to suggest the supposition that he fs +) eakemont of the Hoston Theatre Company. “Drink” | to ‘anxious to cam the consideration for mat, Anant Sad STS: . which he has been Induced to appear to be Hootey’s Theatre. particular as to facts, Hnndolph atrect, between Clark and Lagalle, En- gngotnent of Miss Adolo Holganda, Aftornoun: "As You Liko 1” Evontig: * Hamlet.” without setting a precedent that may In the end bo fatal to the party that proposes It. There fs undoubtedly considerable force in the argument that the Intimidation which has destroyed a free vote in the South and tho fraud that sought to defeat the vopular will in Maine reveal n despernte purpose on the part of the Democrats which warrants the Re- publicans In taking any Inwful step that nny ‘be necessary to defent that purpose. Nor can it bo denied that the proposed change tn the manner of choosing Electors in New York is lawful, But, nt the same time, the objections to the change are so numerous and forcible, both as to the general good and ns to party expediency, that the project should be aban- doned for an appeal under tho existing meth- ods tothe strong sentiment of justice and fair play among the American people, |“ MoVicker’a Theatre: ‘Madison streot, botween Dearborn und state. Bn ence THE PRESIDENTIAL VOTE IN NEW YORK. Tho proposition introduced into the New York Legtalature, which provides for chang- Maveriy'a Thentros : ? streot, corner of Monreo, Engagement Cena inate Opera Company, ‘Afternvon: “Luca | Ing the present system of choosing Pres!- : dl Lammermoor.” Eventng: *Atda.” dential Electors toa choice by Congressional te Olympte Theatre. » Districts in that State, is naturally attracting Clark atreot, between Randulph and Lake. Variety | considerable attention from the active poll- 7) entertainment. Afternoon and evening. ticinus, It is the tendency of this class of A Mamitn's Thentre. einai persons to regard every political suggestion tA Clark streot, betweon Washington ant lolp | from na mere party point of view. Those « Coa ceRrerh) Seance Tiekol of Leave | Wiig approve the New York proposition do as, ‘| so, as a rule, on.the theory that it will bo favorable w the election of thelr party cand!- dnote at the next election; while those who oppose it are influenced apparently by the A DOTHEBOYS HALL IN NEW YORK. A veritable Dotheboys Hall has been dis- covered In New York City by the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, It Centro Musie-Mall, State atroot; corner of Randolph. Dramatic read Inga by Mea, Seott-Siddons, Aftornoon and evening. S SATURDAY, JANUARY 24, 1850. fear that it may react upon thopnrty In | was presided over by a parson named Cow- a other States, and thus lose more Electoral | ley, and known as the “Shepherd’s Fold.” ) yotes on the wholo than would be gained. } ‘Twenty-four helpless children, from 9 to 16 ma Accorpinc to the report of the Warehouse : Regtstrar In this elty to the State Board of Railroad and Warehouse Commissioners there were in store and afloatin Chicago on the 17th inst. 16,227,071 bushels of grain, representing total valuo of $18,247,709 in money locked up In gral Judging from the opinions of Republican Senators and Representatives guthered by the correspondent of Tne Trinuny, the preponderance of sentiment is adverse to the proposed change, A few of the poll- ticians are honest enough to disapprove tho plan as too much in the nature of a political trick; others regard it 1s unnecessary, be- cause they believe the Republicans can and will carry New York; others still think tt inexpedtent, because {t may excite public contemnation In other States that will place the Republicans in jeopardy; and there are a few politicians who construe It as a blow aimed at Gen. Grant’s candidacy, and antag- onize St for that renson. It is honestar, and probably wiser, to look nt the proposition on its own incrits, without regard to its transient partisan influence, Thora is no doubt that the New York Leg- isinturo has the right to make the proposed change, The Constitution provides that “ench Stato may uppolnt, in stich manner as the Legistature thereof may direct, 0 number of Electors equal to the whole num- ber of Senntors and Representatives to which the State thay be entitled In Congress.” ‘There are three practicable ways, under this limitation, in which Presidential Electors may be appointed—viz.: (1) By a plurality of the popular vote in each State; (2) by the cholce of one Elector by the voters of each Congressional District and the choles of two Electors by the State at largo; and (8) by the direct appointment of the Electors by the State Legisiature. All three of these plans have been tricd in tha past, but the States for many years have agreed by common ac- tion upon the prevailing method. It las proved falr and satlsfactary, except when fraud or violence has been invoked to defeat the popular will, and probably no system can bo Invented which will ex- clude the possible Interference of those merotriclous influences. It mony bo that more safeguards cnn be set up against frauds upon the ballot-box and cheating In the count, but those who subscribe to the Natlonal theory of our Government cannot doubt that the plan for clecting the President should be uniform throughout all the States, Asufliclent patriotic (not partisan) reason for adopting the district plan In Now York would apply to all other States, and itis ob- vious that n universal adoption of such plan would defent ‘the party purpose which In- duces certain Republicans to favor It so far ns New York is concerned, The district plan throughout the Nation would divide up tho Electoral! voto in the North, where every man votes freely, and where both Democrats and Republicans are elected to Congress; but tho Electoral vote of the South, where Re- publicans are not permitted to vote freely, or are uniformly cheated after voting, would remain ns solidly Democratic under the dis- trict plan as under the State plan, ‘Thore are serious objections to the district plan aside from its party bearings. It would bo aa added temptation for gerrymandering ‘the Congressional. Districts of every State, No sooner should thers be a reversal of the politica] complexion of n State Legislature than the new party majority would seek to niake such geographical changes in the Con- gressional partition of thaState ns would yleld tholr alde tho largest number of Congress- men and Pres{dential Electors and contract the powers of tho minority party to tho ut- most Imlt, Besides, tha present constitu- tionu! provision requires on obsorvance of the Btate entitles by the clection of two Electors corresponding to the two United. States Senators, and this requirement would or might give tho “rotten borough” States undue influence In do- termining the election of _ President, It {8 easy to coucelye, for Instance, that the threa great States of Ohto, Pennsyl- yania, and New York should each elect just ono Republican Elector more than tho Dem- ocratlo Electors on the district plan, making a majority of three Republican Electors In those three States, ‘Then the little Stato of Deluwaro, on the other hand, might choose one Democratic Elector corresponding to ity single Representative in Congress, and two Democratic Electors corresponding to Its two United States Senators, thus neutralizing by the votes of Ite 123,000 people the votes of 11,000,000 or 12,000,000 people in New York, Pennsylvania, and Olilo, ‘These and other berlons objections may be urged to the unl vorsal adoption of tho district plan of voling for Presidential Electors under tho-present constitutional conditions; and, Jf tho system is objectlonable asa whole, mere party ex- pediency scarcely warrants Its adoption in a single State, Any reforw nu the manner of choosing the years of age, were rescued from tho clutches of the reverend monster, ‘The first step was to take them ton restaurant, where the ernv- ings of hunger were satisfied. ‘Thoy all dis- pluyed a ravenous appetite, consuming food Mtke half-fomished beasts. “Little Mattie Sweeny, a bine-cyed 2-year-old, was the first to be sented, and, snatching up a crust of brend which lay on the table, she gnawed and crunched It Ike some half-starved animal”? Their craving for butter and ment, of which they had been al- most entirely deprived, was pitiuble to bo- hold. 1t was with diMcuity that they wore restrained from fatal overeating. ‘Tho “Fold” had its Smike In the person of Louis Victor, the discovery of whoso {Il- treatment and starvation resulted In the breaking up of the denof iniquity. ‘The noor little fellow was far past the remedy of an ordinary wholesome dinner, and he wns nc cordingly taken to St. Luke's Hospltal, where he Hes Ina preenriouscondition, Lis state Is thus deseribed; “Yesterday ho lay upon his bed, his flesh clinging tightly to tho bones, his eyes setinan idfotic stare, and bis wholo appearance indica- tive of squalor, suffering, and dlacaso. At times he starts up with a morbidly-rivenous ap- petite, calllog for ‘Ment! meat!’ and, olawing and tearlng it when ho gets itwitha raveuing appetite.” 3 Sald poor Smtke to Nicholas Nickleby: “What faces will smile on mo when I dio? Who will talk tome in those Jong nights? ‘They cannot come from home; they would frighten mo if thoy did, for I don’t know what it is and shouldwt know them, Pain and fear, pain and fear for me, alive or dead. No hope, no hope,"* As Smike did most of tha workin Dothe- boys ILall, so achild 15 years old—Minnio St. James—lid all the washing and cooking at tho Rev. Cowley’s “Fold” for the family of twenty-nino persons.“ Whien the officers en- tered thoy found her at work atirring 9 kot- tle of warn water, in the bottom of which wero abouta dozen of beans. Sho sald she was making ‘bean soup’ for tho clilldron’s supper.” Mrs. Squeers prepared the stom- nehs of the pupils at Dothcboys Mall for thetr soup by a dose of brimstone and mo- lasses, “They have,” sald that amiable woman, referring to “the boys,” “the brim- stone and treacle, partly because, if thoy hadn't something or other In the way of medielne, they'd be always ailing and giving aworld of trouble, and partly because lt spolls thelr appetites, andcomes cheaper than breakfast and dinner,” But tha Squecrs soup was the counterpart of Shepherd Cows ley's, except that beans constituted the base of the latter, while the former was composed of slices of bread—‘n minute wedge of brown bread was {nserted in each bowl,” upon which was “poured a brown compost- tlon which looked Hke diluted pin-cushlons without the covers, called porridge.” ‘The Kev,Cowloy’s “Told” soemsto havebeen conducted on tha model of Dothoboys Hall. ‘There was not to be found at the latter place aalngle one of the comforts of life, except In the private apartinents of tho Squeers {nmlly, ‘Tho “new? boys were stripped of thelr de- cent clothing fmmediately upon their arrival at the den, and tt was turned over to young Wacekford Squeers, and the sixpences and shillings found In the boys’ pockets, or their guardians’ letters, were seized and appro- priated by Mrs, Squecre, So of tho “ Fold." “Pho floors of the rooms, with the excoption of the Shepherds private suite of apartments, ure entirely bare, and the furniture of the most mengro description, OMcer Chiardl says $20 would cover the cust of the whole of it ‘Phe beds in which the wretchod lit- tloones slept had only one blanket, and some only ona sheot; the mattresses were dirty, and there wera no pillows, Tho bodies of the children were covered with sores, Dlotches, and ulcers; and “the sores on tho head had been daubed over with fodide of potasslum and mercurial ointment, present ing o disgusting spectacle.” And yet tho “Fold” Igo somt-publio institution, sltunted in the heart of the City of New York, on Six- teonth street, in ns brown stone-front, It boasts & Doard of Trustees,” and Issupport- ed by charity, The cat belng ont of the bag, efforts were made to find and inlerview the ‘Trustees. Ono refused to ve seen, and ane other—the President—suld that he never in- spected the “Institution,” supposing from tho fact of Mr, Cowloy being at the hend of it that everything waa allright. The reverend Shepherd is described as ‘a little old man, with lron-gray whiskers, a strongly-marked face, and a fierce, half-savage alr’? Be- ing approached, he suapped his fingers scorn. fully, declaring that he-didu’t care that for _————— Ir will interest depositors In the collapsed Fidelity Savings Bank of this city to know that Inwyers’ fees to the amount of $17,000 Nave been pald since the Recelver took hold, and that the Receiver claims 26,000 a yearns * hits individual compensation. These charges «have been allowed ‘after examination by ‘Master in Chance) Sosernia novel and quite sonsational has been provided in Havann to add to the dem-- onstrations in honor of the visit of Gen. > Grant. Earthquake shocks were felt Into + Thursday night and yesterday morning, and, ng nothing of the kind was ever before ex- perlenced In the Cuban capital, the result was a tremendous scare, the frightened peo- plo rushing out of their houses and gathering dn the public squares to pass the night. Enpisoy’s answer to some misgivings cx- pressed by French scientists regarding tho durability of the carbon horseshoe, and the claim thot it gradually wastes away: by de- composition, is. characteristic of the man, ‘To tho assertion that it will waste away he replies, in effect, that {tdoes no such thing; thatthe oldest lamp in his laboratory, after continuously burning for 505 hours, gives on undiminished Nght, and the surface of the ‘enrbon is as bright to-day as it was when first subjected to electric actlon,—which Is clear proof that oxidation, which makes earbon bincky has not taken place. The Mento Park genius further ngserts that ho Iins not sold a share of his electric-light stock. . A Dectsion of interest and importance touching tho liability of rallroad companies for goods destroyed by fire while In transit was rentlered yesterday by Judge McKennan in the United States Court at Pittsburg. Suit was brought agalnst tho Pennsylvania Rallrond Company to receyer tho valuo of goods destroyed in frelght cars by the in- cendiary fires during tho rlots of July, 1877, In Plltsburg, and the Court held that, ng the Company was not shown to be guilty of any negligence such as to impair the, clanse In the bill of Inding excepting Habil- ity of tho Company for freight lost by fire; and the ruling was, thorefore, that the plaint- If was not entitled to recover, This was a test case, and will in effect put an end to «many similar suits growlng out of the samo cause, —_—_—__——— Ove of tho Congressional formalities re- solved itself inton very ridiculous contradte- . tlon yesterday when tho House “ went into Comralttce of the Whole on the state of tho Union, in order to glye Mr, Horr un oppor tunity to reply to Mr. Cox.” As tha debate between Messra. Cox and Horr seems to be . confined-ta their respective physleal condi- tlons, it is not apparent tothe averago mind how the state of the Union Isto be affected by the result. Mr. Cox is physically a ight weight and Mr, Worr physlenlly a heavy welght, and thelr “tourney” was .10 doubt infinitly amusing; but the,state of the Union is very much tho same, nevertheless, as if these gentlemen bad not undertaken to In- Struct the country a8 to physical pecullarities ‘of each other, Indeed, without disparage- ment to elther gentleman, Mr, Cox might grow still smuller If possible, and Mr, Horr still bigger if possible, and the Union would yet be safe, ‘Tne Maino problem Js belng solved slowly, . but at the same tlme surely, There ts little contidenco left fn the attendants upon the Side Show, and thelr determination to hold onand do the heavy legislation has so oozed out that thelr meetings are now principally oveupled with speeches tho tenor of which + gocs toshow that the speakers’ most ardent wish is that they were woll back fn the Stato- Ilouse that they might get 9 chance at the legithnate pay-roll, Thero are some of thea Fuslonists who are not yet sat Infled that the failure of the censplr- acy fs final, and these are disposed to make what Ittle trouble thoy are capable of by stirring up the bad elements among tho ‘people, They have even gono so fur a8 to encourage the formation of o Jocal militla force with vowed Intention of resisting the orders @&the rightful Government in possession of the State-House. Gov. Davis has, however, taken thwa by the forvlock, oud Iias placed the Capltel.under guerd of . THE CIICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, JANUARY 24, 1880—SIXTEEN PAGES, . what tho nowspapers sald of hin. he, the New York Herald were to como out to-morrow nnd say that Land my wits had shot and kitled n ehitd, and then roasted, carved, and eaten It, I should take no notice of tho charge.” With the trua Sqnecrs fn- stlnct, the Shepherd matntains stoutly that “there nover was a sot of children in any almilar fistitution that recelved bettor treat ment” “Shiunilar fustitution” Is guod. But itisto be hoped that Dothoboys Hall fs the only “similar Institution? that ever existed, Doubtless tho Shepherd ts as grett a hypo- erlt and Har as his prototype Sanecrs, “Please, slr, I sneezed,” sat the small boy walling at x Loniton inn to be taken to Doe theboys Ifall, whereupon Mr. Waekford Squcera “knoeked hin off the trunk with a blow on one side of his face, and knocked him on again with a blow on the other.” Thereupon a gentleman visitor was ane nounced, when Mr, Squeers, {11 a soft yoice, auld to the small boy: “Put your handkercllef in your pocket, you little scoundrol, or PM murderyou when the gontleinan goes.” ‘Thon he feigned to be Intent upon mending» pen, meanwhile offer ing benevolent advice to Ils pull, “My dear chitd,” sald Mr, Saueors, “all people have thelr trinis, This early trinl of yours, that fs fit to make your little heart burst, and your vory eyes to come out of your head with crying, what !s it? Nothing; tess than noth- ing! Youw are leaving your friends, but you will havea father In me, my dear, and a mother in Mrs, Squeers, At the lelightful village of Dothoboys, near Greta Bridge, in Yorkshire, where youth are boarded, clothed, booked, washed, furnished with pocket- money, provided with all necessaries—” “It 4s the gentleman,” observed tho stranger, stopping the schoolmaster in tho rehearsal of {ils advertisement. Mr. Saucers, I belteve, sir?” “Pls ig doubtless a yery excellent picture of tho Rov. Edward Cowley, Shepherd of the New York den of iniquity called the “ Fold.” Dickens has been often churged with the offense of drawing too highly-colored pict- ures of social and other abuses, but in one of the nost public streets of the chicf city of tho United States we find a second Datheboys Hall, no whit inferior, apparently, in any of its hideous characteristics to its horrible prototype in Yorkshire. It Is to be regretted that among Cowley’s puplls there was not a Nickleby to maul his brute of a master, Ing, chursh-going, and penconble farmers who know thoir rights and will-nover tolorate the high-handed proceedings of these dna- tardly wretches, Afob Inw will convert thom Into Republicans as rapidly as the perscans tlon of the Abolitionists converted Whigs and Democrats Into Republicans, SHALL GOLD BE THE ONLY LEGAL-TEN- DERI ‘The enormity of the scheme to demonetizo greenbacks, and reduce the legal-tentor money of the United States to such IMiited quantity of gold as may happen, from time to time, to bo In the country, can only be un derstood by constlering the comprehensive sweep of the consequences, Tho Americans ure a speculative and trading people, and rarely content with the mere expenditure or Investment of actual Income. ‘The universal practice Is to employ credit to Its utmost Iimit. Very few In business Init. thelr transactions to tholr actual eapltat, and the vast majority are generally in debt beyond thoir immedinte means of payment. ‘Tho bustnessinan out of debt is rarely content unttl he ventures ta employ his credit. Hence it is that more than any other people in the world the Americans owe moro moncy In proportion to their numbers. ‘The tndlvidunl indebtedness of the Amer- lean people—that Is, the personal debts duo to one anothor—is greater perhaps than that of the people of England, France, Germany, and Italy combined. ‘Cho debtor cluss—that {s, all those who owe money on note, bond, and mortgnge—is far greater than in any other, and Indebted- ness fs more general in this country than elsewhere. Lt may be safely estimated that the private debts of the Amerleun people are not much, if any, short of twelve to fifteen thousand millions of dollars, ‘The ineurment and payment of these debts are forever golng on in cnormous voliune; new debts are made ag rapidly ag the payments of old ones; the demand for, and the necessity of, an {mmonso stipply of debt-paying currency 1s perpctu- al and forever Increasing. We have pointed out that England and France, where tho use for debt-paylng money ig very much less than In this country, donot depend upon the scanty stock of gold to pre- vent panies produced by the scareity of debt- paying currency, France has an immense supply of Jegnl-tender silver coin; and In En- gland there ts an amplesuppty of legal-tender bank-paper, ‘Shere can be no pante in those countries for the want of debt-paying money 80 long as thers ean be no seareity of such money, In addition to this great stock of gold, France has her supply of nearly $400,- 000,000 of Iegul-tendor silver; and England has her stock of bank-note legal-tender paper, which, in ense ofan emergency, the bank can. beauthorized to Issue to nny amount needed to meet the existing demand. Though England isthe champion monometaliic nation, En- gland supplies the want of Iegal-tender silver by the use of legal-tonder paper, the Govern- ment exercising tho power, in case of 0 scar- city of gold or any alarin as to the sufliciency of debt-paying money, to order the Issus of whatever additional sum of legal-tender paper may be needed to meet the scarcity or toremoyve the public apprehension of such senreity, In this country we really need twiea or thrice as much debt-paylng money as En- gland or France, because the people of those countries are not half orn third asimuch In debt in proportion to thelr menns ns are the reekless Americans, Debtors are also credit- ors, and the exchange of money is continu- ousand great A thousand dollars of cur- reney may be turned overso often in a day that it will pay twenty times that much Indebted- ness, but the thousand dollars of debt-pry- Ingeurrency 1s an Indispensable necessity. The debt-paylIng money of this country at this time within popular reach is 2 compara- lively small amount of coin, gold and silver, and $840,000,000 of legal-tender paper. Tho individuals who propose to demonetiza the paper also propose to demonetize tho silver and reduce the volume of .debt-paying cur- reney of the country to the baro supply of goldcoin, The greenbacks domonetized, no other paper will be legally available to pay debts. Every debtor upon demand of his ereditor will have to pay his debts in gold coln,—failing to do which, he must be declared insolvent. The only legul-tender money, boing scarce, will -naturally bo honrded and hid) away ino pante, and the hire of legal-tender money will be Increased In proportion to !ts real or artificin! scarcity; property will decline, tumble down, and mortgaged premises will passinto the hands of creditors because of the hopeless inability of the debtor to pay his debts In the only legal debt-paying money thore will then be In the country, And this is preelgoly tho end in view of those who are supporting Bayard’s bill, Indeed the sup- porters of the bill do not take the trouble to deny it. Thoy see a chance to make money dear by demonetizing greonbacks, They seo Q prospect of absorbing the fruits of other men’s Industry and of reaping where they hayenot sown. It.is simply a conspiracy on the part of the professional money-lending class to double thelr proporty by doubling the valu of their money and mortgages at the exponse of the rest of the community. They have had a taste of blood after the panic of 1873, and thirst for more, —— ‘Tims New York preas, which 1s but tho re- flox of the wishes of the few thousand stock- gamblers and moncy-brokors of Wall street, thus applaud the wild speech of Chittenden in Congress a few days ago, The Times anya: “Tho central idea of Mr, Chittendon’a spacoh fa one which we bavo maintained without hesitn- tion and repeatedly in those columns, that tho legul-tenders aro n peoullarly dangorons fori of debt, ag yot unpald, and for tho paymont of wich no adequate provision lias been mado." ‘Tho Tribune hing the following: “Mr, Chittendon's pooch yesterday in favor of Aepeedy withdrawal of tho legul-tendor quality from greonbacks wus tho plea of a business man chating under tho temporlzing of tho politicians, and vager that the: Government of tho United Stutes shall adopt tho highcst commercial stand- ards tn tha conduct of its affairs, Mr.Chitton- don brought ont sharply the fuct that, In spite of all that hifd beon accomplished by reaump- tion, not ono dollar of tho floating legul-tendor dabt has been paid, and that such redomption ws takes plaice practically consists only Iu issue ing a now grocnbuuk for an old ono." f Itwitl be seen that these papors utterly ignore the fact that, Insuppressing the green- backs, they-aro reduolng the legnl-tender money of the country to gold; in fact, thoy hardly disgulse that this 1s thelr purpose. Under our Constitution the power to mako THE INDIANA KU-ELUX, Tho Democrats of Hancock County, Indi- ana, at least the white-trash portion of thom and descendants of white trash, who spend ther time matnty in dringing whisky and lonfing nbout saloons and corner groceries, have commenced dealing with the negroes who have recently come into that section of Indiana to obtain work In the true Southern style which is advocated by the Okolona States and 1s practiced in Mississippl. ‘The Indiana Ku-Klux haye warned farmers who employ colored Inborers that their property will bo destroyed, and that taey will be driven away Sf thoy do not discharge them, ‘Mr. unt, 0 Quaker farmer living in Hancock County, who had hired some negroes, has lost his barns by fire, and other similar enses are reported, showing that thesecowardly ne- gro-haters aro bent upon driving out the col- oved farm-hands by violenca, and, where they cannot effect that, upon destroying the prop- erty of thelr employers, The Mississippl sys- tem has been fully Introduced. The mob has set aside all Inws, and no man who'employs or shelters, or even sympathizes with, the ne- groes can any longer consider hiinself or his property secure, Ho is without protection against assault froma gang of ruftians who ave not the courage to let themselves be known or to sign their-names to the procla- mations which they aro posting over the country, of which the following is a samplo: “roride, " “ Dro. 0, 1879.—We, ne pencenble citizens of Hancock County, hnve always beon willing to ‘ablito by tho Inw; but, ns the laws havo falled to protect us, we therefore sct thom aside, and tako up one of our own, Now, thoreforo, wo warn any andall persons from lnrboring or allowing any of tho nogroes brought here from North Curoltna to live on thelr furme or in thotr tam- Mies, for It is, wo know, impoyorishing tho poor mun and bringing pauperisin In our midst. “Wo have stood cnough, and will bave It no tonger, ‘Heed to thie, or your property muat auffer. Crrizens oF HANCOCK." For absolute vindletiveness, malice, and the old prostavery hatred of the negro, It would be hard to surpass the abovo fulmina- tlon of a mob, not one of whom had the courage to sign his name tott. “ Peaceablo eltizens! Cowardly brutes and whisky- soaked loafers already engaged in burning barns and crops, cutting horses’ thronts, and threatening the Mves of negro laborers and penceful, industrious white mon who einploy thom! "The laws have failed to protect us”! Protect against what? What Inws re these negro refugees violating In remoy- ing from one place to another In search of work? What Inws have thoy violated that tha Irish and Germans, who have come to Indiana for work, have not violated also? “Wo warn all persons from harboring negroes”! Whnt now ecrlino is this? A farmor, finding himself short of Inbor becauso tho crowd of brutes and loafers who: hang round tho siuloons of the county-seat will not work, hires colored farmers to do his work beeauso they ure active, Industrious, peaceable farm- hands, WhatInw fs the farmer violating? Unider what law—National, Stato, or muile- Spat—has he lost the right to hire any man he pleases or as many men ag hy pleases,— Germans, Americans, Irish, or negroes, black, white, or yellow? If tlils mob has the right to go toa farmer and dictate to him what mon he shall hire, then It las the same right to go Into every village, town, and city of Indluna and dictate to every business man tho lass of Inborens ho shall employ, line poverlsing the poor man! Impoyerishitig the poor by Inoreasing the productiveness of Hancock County! By raising more pork and grain! By improving the condition of farms! By increasing thelr resources! “By illling the pinces of those who won't worl with those who will! If that is Impoverislinent, then Ao hope the goad work of Inpoverlshment will goon until every county fn Indiana ts minde richer and more productive with this style of pauperism. Tho situation in Indigna ts precisely what {t Js In Milssisglppl, only the infamous sys- tem has not gained such headway or become #0 gencral, because the number of negroesto be hunted down is not go large. The laws of the State have been set aside, and in Hans cock County and various parts of Southern Tudinna mob Inw has been substituted, tha papor money in thne of pence a legal-tendor dues not exist, A majority of the Supreme Court sanetioned tho {ssue of such paper during tho War as an act of imperious Na tional necessity, It was also decided that, the necessity having passed, the amount of stich paper was Ihnuited to tho stun orlginally designated, $400,000,000, 'Yhoro 1s uo constitutional power on tho part of the Goverumant te increase the legul- tender paper beyond this Hit, and, tf this “War-money” be withdrawn, there ls io pow- er to make a new issue of paper of that kind, Heroin Is the wide differaice between our Goverment and allothors. In France, En- gland, and Germany, and all other nations, the power to make paper a legul-tender {s ample, and can bo exorcised at any thine, as itis now in England, But in this country, with the withdrawal of the present legal- tender money tho power to issue any moro agencles employed belng arson, violence, and intimidation, ‘Their plan of operations Is exactly that of Mississippi Ku-Ilux and bull- dozers, It nuw remains to bo seen whether laws can bo set aside in a Northorn State with the same iinpunity that they ean ina Southern, and ivhethor public senthnent will tolerate © these dafunous out rages; whothor tho peaceable, luw-nbiding eltizens of Indlana can be protected In thelr rights; whether there ts validity enough in tho laws of that State and honesty enough {u the officers of the Inw to enforce them and punish these misoreants, Ono thing is cor- talns If this Ku-Kluxisin continues, Indiana wih shortly be as stalwart a Republican State as Kansas or Iiinols. There are Dem- ocratsin that State who abide by law, and will neyer countenance mob rule, They. be- long to tho cluss of respectable, hard-work- fa lost forever. ‘The demand for tho repent of the Legal-Tondor Inw {s not, therefore, for the mere suspension of n power the exerelse of which can be renewed at any thno; ft means tho retiremont of nll tho present greenbacks and the constitutional prohibition of any fut- ure Issue of money of that kind, Thts whole scheme to demonctize green- backs, thereforo, 1s to make gold the oxolu- sive legal or debt-paying money of the coun- trys ft {s to make legal-tender moncy scarce and dear; it fa to enable the gamblers of Wall strect to corncr all the legal cobt-paying monoy In the country, to concontrate all the gold in that city, and to enable a few thou. sant blood-suckersin New York and Boston to control the finanees, and the business, and the values, and the markets of the whol Union, It fe to deprive the people of thres- fifths of the debt-paying currency, and corner the remainder, and squeeze and bleed the business and industrial Intorests of the Na- tlon, ‘This ts the plot. STATE RAILROADS IN GERMANY, The recent agreement of the Prussian Dict to the scheme of the Ministor of Public Works for the purchase of new railroads will add over 8,000 intles to the State system, ‘This scheme embraces the following Hnes: No, of miles of track. Terlin-Stottin.se.sseeseoe BO Magdobury-Hulberaiadt,.. ees Ilanover-Altenbeoken, Koln-Minden, Rhelnische. Berlin-Anb: ‘Total..... Tho terms of purchase for all theso rull- ronds lad been arranged by the Government and private owners, and whether or not they nro all Included in the bill passed by tho two Houses, it Is now pretty certain that absolute State ownership of railroads will be the future polley of Gennany, It Isa ques- tion for future determination whether this ownership shall be vested in the separate States ag now, or in the Empire, os is pro- posed by a large, party, The contracts for the purchase of the re- cently-acquired rallronds provide that the Government shall pay the interest on the bonds (41g per cent) and a fixed annuity during « term of years, rated according to the revenue of each road, and within no certain time exelange 4 per cent consols for the shares, Upon the completion of thisexchange tho rallronds will become the property of the State, It is estimated that the purchase of theso ronds will add about $760,000,000 to the public debt, but this addition will be -represented by tangible property which is expected to bo profitable. ‘The project of purchase provides that the revenues of the rafironds shall be employed first in paying the Interest; that 1 per cent of the stock shall be set uside from the surplus to meet the possible deflclencies of bad times; that the remainder of the surplus shall bo de- voted In stipulated part to the payment of current State expenses, the consolidation of the debt, and the construction of now roads in such sections of the country ns are insufli- clently provided with railway facilities, Severn! considerations have urgetl exclu- sive State ownership of railroads as the pol- ley of Germany, Itis contended that par- tial State and partial private ownership has worked unsatisfactorily. It has been found fmpracticable to maintain a unlform policy between the competing lines, It was held to be utterly outof the question to go back to the policy of exclusive private ownership, and hence the alternative of exclusive State ownership was accepted. Stato ownership was also urged on -the ground of military necessity. It was ‘discovered during the Franeo-German war that the absolute man- agement which the French Government has of all the railroads (though exclusively pri- yato property in France) gavo the French Important advantages in railrond service, and tho samo concentration of control to be acquired by purchnso in Ger many will produce m like result. There were also, strong economic reasons for State purchase, Itisclnimed that tho Government will be better prepared to carry out the purposes of the new tarlif policy by being abla to make the railroad charges con- form In all eases to the rate of dutles hin- posed, while private owners of railroads might practlenlly defeat the operation of the Customs Jawa by making thelr charges cor- respondingly lower for certain articles upon whlch dutics have been fmposed. Finally, it Js expected that the reduced cost of operating the railronds under Government ownership and « seml-nilitary system, along witha gradual reduction of the bonded interest, will bring the Government an important revenues, The German tendency to absorb the entire railway system of tho Empire into Stato ownership has not the value of an example for this country, because the character of the Civil Service In the two Governments {3 essentinily different. ‘Cho Increago of tho National debt by the purchase of American railroads might be incurred without serious apprehension, upon a fair valuation of tho property to bo acquired, and new revenue under good management would overbalance the additional interest upon the increased Natfonal debt. But an enlargement of the political machine in this country by the addl- tlon of thousands of railway employés and the periodical changes In parly tenure of office will always be obstacles in the way of Government ownership of rallronds In Amer- fea that wlll frighten oven thoso who do not feel the terror of centraliza- tlon. But tho recent rallroad purchases by the Government In Germany Indicates the practical abandonment of the hope that par- tint State ownership wil] exercise, by means ot competition, such control over the private rallronds ag 1a necessary for the protection of tho'people ngatust extortion and discrlmina- tion, ‘There would now seem to bo only the choles between the French system, where private ownershp is completely subordinated to Government control in consideration of Government franchises, and the Amortcan system, where the corporations are virtually irresponsiblo to Government and assume an arbitrary right to dictate both sides of every contract they make with thelr customers. ‘The French system apparently, works ns well under a republican form of govornment 25 the Gorman system 3 expected te work undor an Empire, but the Amerlean system would not be tolerated In clthor Franco or Ger- many, ‘Tuy Lake County (Iil.) Republican goes over tho political altuntion very candidly, and ends its article by asking? “Ta thore ainan in tho Sopublicd, party who will not be opposed; First, by tho great mass of Germuns, who haye alwuya fnvored an honest administration of Governmental aifairs? Beo- ond, by a vory lurge class of porsons within tho. Ropublicun rinks who aro neither pullticlans nor office-seukurs, but who conacient! ously, bo- Hove in a healthy Civit-Sorvice reforin? ‘Phird, by a large olaas Of Ropublienna who da not bo- Hove thut tho emergency domunds that tho proce edenta of one hundred yours should be ignored: in regard tou third terni? Fourth, by « largo class who bellove (whethdr correctly ar not) that some of our formor Adniinistrations wers nob such models of purity (du tho oxpreasion of Its agencles) aa should agin be followed?" AYEAT ogo Inst sum irs, George TI, Muck and ono Dickerson, of Rook County, Wise consin, were tried tu Janesville for the murder of Mrs. Buck's husband, and both were oon- victed of murder, Mack was a furmer and Dickerson whs tho hired mun. Ho and Bre. Muck bovamo og juthnate as immoral men and womon somotimes do,—éo Dickerson confussed, and thoy put their hounds together to put the husband out of the way. Dickersoy turned Btato's evidonco, Uke a miscruble coward, and gavo the caso away, But ho did not escape. Judge Conger sentenced them both to State's Priaon for life, and Diokorson was linmedinte, taken to Wanpin ind sot at hitd Inbor. Bing. the trinl Mrs, Mack has been confined jn ty Took County Jult awalting the declston of i Supremo Court on ber application for nney trial, and the report now Js that tho trinl will granted. One ronson for granting it Probably fy that Mra! Mack's tending attorney, the Hon. Joby Winans, was forced to withdruw froin thocas Dy tho sudden denth of his wife on the very dy that ho was to address” tho jury herdofeniso, Mrs, Muck stoutly dented, unge, oath, ult her paramoue’s assertions both tn rg, gun to her impropor Intimacy with ‘him (Dicy, ersonjand to her having had anything to gy with the nurdor of her husband. Sho fs elthe, fn innocent wormnn, or else sho bins need thy orline of perjury tondullory and murder, By her enso suggesta thia legal conuntrims gy poso a’ now trial Ia granted, and, hoforo tty conchided, the Legislature of Wisconsin shoyy restore capiial puntshnicnt for murder, woul} she bo hing for nerino that was committed y athe whon tho law only Intllated Amprlsonmeng for lifo? ~ Turnr fs perhaps no Government of Ey ropo that does moro than that of Belgium to tho advancement of setence and the gencral we, fare of Ita subjects, ils Majesty Leopold thy Becond, King of Bolgium, fs a most lonrnied ang Mboral monarch, and ho tends his people anj othor nations ‘In everything thnt tends to en courtge intellectual works, and It 18 witht noble oject in view that he offers annually, prizo of 25,000 frines, or $5,000, for tho best pro duction on somo solontific subject. We tre ty debted to Mr. Charles Henrotin, tho Belgian Consul In Chicago, for tho subject of tho prize for 1881, and of which tho following {5.0 trond. tion from a communiention recelved by hig from the Belgian Governments “By a Royal decree of Dee. 14, 1874, his Majesty Leopolt It Kini of Bolgium, instituted anan nual prize of 25,000 francs, intended to encoun ago Intellectunl works. ‘This prize for 188) boing ppen to mixed or ine ternationul competition, will be awarded In thay yenr to tha ‘best work on tho menns of smellon ting ports established on low and sandy con, similur to those of Helglinm. “Foreigners who wish to tako part in thiy competition will haye to sond tholr works, prin. ed or in feanuearie form, before the lat af Jay. ay tho Minister of Forolgn Affatrast eR, “Tho work (manuscript) to which will te awarded the prize will have to be published, the course of the your following tho uno when, tho prizo will huye beon taken, “Tho award of the prizo will bo left ton jury selected by hin Majesty tho King of Belgium, tho said jury to be peuohenrd of sovert membe threo of whom aro to be Uelginns and four other nationalities." A WESTERN paper attempts to show from the ofticlal statistics that tho improved land in the United Stotes aro gradually under golng subdivision, and that land monopoly to any great oxtentin tho United States 1s notte be apprehended. ‘Tho gradual diminution of tho average size of farms in this country {9 strikingly exhibited in tho following figures complied from tho Inst consus: € 1850, : 800. Binalling process is yolng onin tho very Btates where Innd {a cheapest and where thore is n tendency, {f anywhere, for farmorsto oxtond the area ot ownership: | AVENAGE BIZE OF FAIS, 1860. 1860. 1810, Te st milf 105 m4 m iW Mt 000 op 201 siya mo 480 EA 2 Gk BL A cuntous fatality hag broken out in En- gland, which te occupying the attention of nate urallsts and hn beon even dignified with Inbored editorial articles in the daily press, It appeare that that country Is threatened twith’ tho oxtine tion of its birds, which have long been Its prille, as compared with othor European countries ‘Tho London Times clutius that although there are more than twelve hundred different species of birds in England they are rapidly disappear ing under tha injurious cifeots of modem husbandry,- arms of precision, medicated wheat, and ornithology Iteclf. Tho immodi. ato cnuses of thelr = rapkl disappear ance during tho past yenr are sald to be, firat, the unusual wet and cold, walch havo beom very fatal to partridges, grouse, pheasants, and even barnyard fowl; second, the want of fuod, owing to tho wonther, which hat mado a great senreity of seeds and Insects; third, the war waged upon small birds by cats; and, fourth, the manner in which thoy sro de stroyed by hunters, Tho disappearance of tho fenthored race 1a #0 noti¢eulle that ita lovers nre hastily clamoring for legislation to protect tho birds against firearins, even if thoy cannot be protected against Naturo, Some of tho Wisconsin editors begin to ae nowledyo that the so-called Fox and Wisconsin WUver Improvement is nswindle, The Fond du Lne Commonwealth enlts it 0 glunt humbug,” and tho Waupaca Republican says: “game three or four millions of dollars have already been oxpoended on the Fox and Wiscone sit lmprovement, and, looking atit honestly and candidly, tet us nak, What {a tho result? ‘The de- velopment and improyeniont of immanse waters Baer oyu by private purties, and tho posse illlty of navigating in favorable wonsons, with vessela drawing twenty-two to twenty-clght inches of water. The Upper Fox mry bo run 6 portion of the year by boats of still Hghter drat, whilo the W! nsin isonly navigable by: boat like Ano Lincoln's flat-bout, thut would run In boavy dew. And still more money is to bo ¢ pended on these streanis,—tho General Gavern> inont fs to bo nsked to again givo r quarter to half.a million this year for the work, Now, can~ dldly, [8 there not in awfulamount of humbug about this matter ——— New Yonk Herald’ interview with George William Curtis: “Grant's atrongth 18 very great in this Stato. It consists in what fe known as the maching clomont. Cornoll, Haskins, Arthur and 8penker Sharpe aro nmong {ts leaders. 80 fa Silas 8, Dutcher, who bos Just been made Superintendent of Publio Works, His olficd controls most of tho patronngo of tho Btute, and that will undoubtedly bo used by tho machine for tho furthorance of 4 third-term proje ‘Whothor or not thoy will be ablo to throw the ‘welght of Now York in tho Nattonnt Conyentioa in fayor of the schemo remains to boscen, 1 ig probable that Mr. Conkling will also tend 10 that dreetion, and be ta all-poworful with the imachlne. He has private rensona for not wlsb- {ng tho nomunation of Sherman or.Blaine.” Ir costs about $25 per head to send cattle Across tho Atinntlo by sloamer, and uo ship de voted to this business will carn about $10,000 the trip, Inthe pastycur the ablpments of cattle from New Yorks wore nbouti?,000hond, exceeding tho ehipnoents from tho whole of Canudu by se¥" eral thousand. The shipments from Boston were about 28,000, fram Philadelphia and Buttinor, about 7,000 ouch, and tho total from nll American ports In tho felgbborhood of 100,000, Mr, ¥. It. Relp, of Now York, 1s tho largost exporter of cattla In, tho business, and has abartered nearly overy steumer outalda of the three principal Mnes. Tum St. Paul Ploncer Press (Rep.) cob cludes cauatio and longthy review of ex-8ena-, tor 'f..0, Howe's recont maguzine articte 10 favor of a third term with this significant re marks “4 good many pooplo feo! kindly towurds tho hero of tho War and the firat citizen of the Republic, and would willingly keop silent ns t0 tholr opinton of Gon, Grant's last term and thelr approhensions of his noxt; bat, if bla nonin tlon should becomo an finminent danger, thos people will be heard from in a way that will sur Prise Judge Howe, Breakin of Blaine, s correspondent of the Springiicld (fase) Republican sayy that “hold gonorally belioyed to bo 4 good deal hurt, Pres! dentlally apenking, by recent ovents in Mulne. Tho prominence of bis ul political rival, Get Chuinborlain, whom ho had regarded ag pric: tically shelved, at least for the time being must have amuzod and nottled hin, For the present Chamberlain hus taken the game out of tho hunds of Maiuo's favorit aon, and bus ate tractod attention and commendation beyond the Uunita of tho turbulent Pluc-Trdg State.” Notiina seems more foolish than for Con gress to undertyko an investigation into the causes of tho colored cxudus, There has beca no violation of the laws by this sort of emigrants’ there has buon no great destitution or cull for ald boyond what hus readily been afforded by churity, and there Is nothing {n it or about it that culls fur Congressional intorforonce oF 1° quiry, Tho negroos aro cltizons and arv at Ite erty to zo and como when and where they plows?