Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 15, 1880, Page 4

The Trike. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BY MAI-—“IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID, ‘Inlly dition, ona yonra.. 500s 12.00 Farta of a year, per month, 1 ‘Titorary * Bpoctmen coptes sont freo. ¢ Give Post-OMice aditress In fall, tnolading State and County. ; Tomlttances may bo mado oither by draft, axnroxs, Post-OMes ordor, or in rexiatored lettor, at our Flat. . TERMS TO CITY SUNSCRINENS, Dally, dollvered, Sunday excoptad, 25 conte per wok. Onlly, dolivored, Sunday Included, 180 conta per wook, Addross THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Donrborn-nts. Chileagy, lil, POSTAGE, “Entered at the Post-Offee at Chicago, 2it, a8 Seconds rs Claes Matter. : For the bonent of onr patrons who dosira to sond Mugla copios of Tite THIDUNE through the muntl, wo give herewith tho transient muto of portage: Tomentic. Hight and Twolvo Pago Paper... Hixtoon Pago Papersess+e ‘ Foreign. Fight and Twolvo Pago 1 Bixteen l’ngo Vapor cory. wie cents 5 conts TRIBUNE BU. HH OFFICES, ‘pre CTICAGO THINUNE has established branch “smices for the rocelpt of nubscriptions und ndvortlsc- ‘gontaas follown: ‘NEW YORK—Itoom 2 Tribune Building. ¥. 1. Mc- sADDEN, Manager. : PANIS, France,No. 10 Ituo de ta Grango-Hntelore, <. MAHER, Agont. LONDON, Eng.-American Exchango, 419 Strand. “Uenny F, Gintig, Aponte . WASHINGTON. D. C.—1019 F stroat, AMUSEMEMIS. 5 MeVicker's Thentre. Madison etrect, botween Dearborn and State. En= jagemont of Bir, und Mra, 1, ¥. Mandmann. ‘Narcteso,” Hootey's ‘Thentre, ‘Randolph stroot, between Clark und La fale. En- sagoment of tho Coltlor Combination, ‘The Banker's Daughtor.” Haverty's Theatre, Donrborn atrect, corner of Monroo. Engagamont af Her Majesty's Opars Company. “Eo Futian del ‘Lerulmeuto.” Hamlin’s Theatre. Clark atroct, botwoen Washington and Randolp, Sngngemont of Frank B. Alken. “Under the Arch; ‘The Love That Liver.” ‘ Olympte Thentre. Clark streot, betweon ftandotph and Lake, Variety ‘atortatament. tl SOCIETY MEETINGS. [RATIRV IEW CHAT IIL NOW 15L 1 Ae M.—Spectal bonvocation this (Thuradus) afternoon at & ovelack, for work. Iegular C Cony Man thin event wt 7338, i en Work ‘A, Degree... Visiting companions ard Neer mgisom: eB. TIFFANY, Ate jel P /MYRON HAIRIS, Recratury. piccidta enna nthe THURSDAY, JANUARY 1%, 1890. Since tho 1st of January, when navigation of the Mississlppl River was resumed be- “tween St Louls and New Orleans, nbout 1,000,000 bushels uf corn have been started tor Europe by way of the Gulf of Mextea. More grain would have been shipped this way but for tho searelty of barges. _—— Tu recolpts of hogs yesterday at the Unton Stock-Yards were the largest shico . tho beginning of the butchers’ strike, a little overamonth ago. It fs expected that fia fow days all tho packing-houses ‘will be run- ning with full forces of workmen If the num- ber'of hogs recoived shall justify it, as the strike isentirely ended, and it only remains * to bo seen whether tho market will. readily recover from the injury 1¢ had sustained by reason of the suspension of work, “Tue estimates of the different depart ments of the City Government are In course of preparation, and nearly all are finished, A disposition Is shown to adhere to the pol- icy of retrenchment essential to the placing _ of the city’s finances upon a satisfactory ‘basis, and it Ia probnble that when the est!- mates leave the Controller’s hands they will have been pared down closely and put in ‘ shape for econoinienl action by the Common . Counell, ———— A Fonmar tender of the Exposition Butld- mg to the National Repubilean Committee has been made by voto of tho Executive Com- tilttee of the Exposition Company, Somuch of tho big butlding as may be desired for the uses of the Natlonal Republican Convention in Juno next fs surrendered ullsolutely, and thero.will In consequence be @ grent abun: dance of room for every purpose of the Con- vention and its committees, besides accom= modation for probably 20,000 spectators. ‘THe Supreme Court of Maine will con- vono in Bangor to-~lay and consider the auestions submitted by the Republican Legis- lature touching the validity of the acts of , the Fustonists ns well as tho procedure of tho Republican majority In proceeding to or- ganize for business, The gticstions embrace evory conceivable point in the case, and have evidently been framed with a view to obtaln- Ing 2 decision that shall serve as a precedent in all future contingencies of a Mike charac- ter, Tire House has found a frult{ul topic for debate In the proposed amendment to the rules whereby the manipulation and contro! of the annual ratd on the Treasury known as the River and Morbor Appropriation bill ts to be taken from the Committes on Com- merce and given exclusively to the Conmit- tee on Appropriations, ‘The measure has ex- cited strong opposition among that element which depends Jargely for popularity and strength upon the munificent distribution of public money through tho River and Harbor bul, and which finds It easter to work upon the Commerce Committeo than the Approprl- ations Committee, All the Congressmen whose flea of government comprehonds an * fustitution chiefly designed to make money fly will make common cause agalnst the pro posed change, and will be likely to defeat It. et + ‘Tare Ico question begins to assunio n seri ous aspect’ ns day after doy of this superb weather goes by, Only a fraction of tho product itaually Jn store at this season of the -yoay has been so far cut and put away, and this quantity, together with the surptys care = wed aver from lust summer, will be barely suiliclent to. incet tho requiremonts of the ever, plenty of tie loft yet for freezing and storing a dine crop, and there will be no oc- easton for alarm for soveral weeks to come, os plein) brewerles and packing-honses, leaving no éupply for. private ‘consuiners, ‘During the _ aifld winter of two years ago n great deal of “feo waa shipped here from Green Bay, hut that source of supply has also failed this + winteryand unless o term of severe freezing ‘weather occurs within the next slx weeks it fy not easy to see where the ico for private consumption 1s to come from. ‘Thur is, hows A wires who was yesterday before the Senate Comuittco Investigating tho Kolloge- Bpofford casg carries the marks of ten White- > Jeaguo bullets upon lls body, hus lost both arms, fs crippled In the leg, and hus had part of his skull shot away. ils usme 1s Mary Shall Twitchell, and aya promiluent Tépub- tata Seunter in- Louisiane Ju 1875 he , incurred the displeasure of the Democracy at ~ a tine when the shotgun’ plan was in full operation down thore, Ho was spared to voto for Gov. Kellogg 25 United States Senator, subsequently: was appointed United States Consul at' Kingston, Can, and has now ap- peared in Washington to deny that le was patd money to vote for Kellogg. Considering the ten metalile considerations aboyo men- toned, he ought to be betteved when he says ho required no extrn greenback fuducementa to vote ngniust the Democratic candidate for Senator, ‘Tre situation In Maino has changed but little stice the Inst report, and that little Is inthe direction of surrender, or at teast.a desire for a truce, on the part of the Fusion: ists. ‘Tho Fuston body, both branches, met yesterday, and tha Toso appointed an Flection Committee, which reported Instanter In favor of unseatlng Dunnell, Republican, and seating in bis place a Greenbacker, the object being to secure full quorum. On this potut the consoryative element, which favored delay, triumphed, showlng n dispost- tlon on the part of many of the Fustonists to mova cautionsly and be sure they are right before they go ahead, In thts connection It Is ru- mored that Pillsbury and Solon Chase, Fa- stonist leaders, aro at loggerhends on the question ns to the poticy to be pursued, the latter deelnring he will abandon the scheme if any forelble means are attempted on the part of the usurpers to obtain control during: the pendency of the inquiry before the Su- preme Court. The questions propounded by the Republicans are some twenty-seven fn number, and cover every polut bearing upon the contest. Meanwhile Gen, Chamberlain Isathis post at the Capltol protecting the property of the State, and ineidentally pre venting any encroachment upon therights of the legally-elected Jegistato: “ HERALD" MISREPRESENTATIONS, Tho New York Herald continues Its eru- sade against the greenback, It likens a cor- respondent who Inquires “ why there should be haste about repealing the legul-tender clause” to the typical old fogy who objects: to disturbing even chaos, But the Herald fails to show what there Is chaotic In the present condition of the finanecs of the country, It says? “Tf the chango were likely’ to produce finan- |, celal disturdince there would be some reason for the opposition; but it will not do this. The Trensury notes will be precisely ox rendily and certainly redeemable in colt: after they cease to be legal-tender us now; they will, therefore, be preolsely as convenlent and valuable, The re- peal of the legal-tender clause will not lend to the contraction of a dollar of the currency vithor, and for every Treasury noto.whlch muy: bo sent in for redemption a coin dollar will go into the general clreulntlon. The repent of Iogal-tonder wil} not even provent the reissue of ‘Treasury’notes, On tho contrary, they can be relested to any amount required: by the ne- ecasitles of the Government. If the people prefor them to coln they wilt take and use thom ua frecly without tho Iegnl-tender quullty us with; Inshort, the repeal of tho legai-tender elnuse will make no change or disturbance whutover.” Here are six distinct propositions, each ong of whieh fs fatac, 1, The proposition or assertion that the proposed change will produce no finuneial disturbances fs absurd, One Inrge use of money consists In its debt-paying quality. Tho legal-tender quality of the greenback alone confers upon it this fanetion, The re- peal of the legal-tender fenture of the green- back would destroy one-third of the money of tho country. Suppose tho legnl-tender feature of ulne-tenths of the present volume of the money of the country were destroyed. by net of Congress ? WIL the Herald vent- ure the assertion that with the remaining one-tenth It would be as easy to pay debts as now? Would it not, on the contrary, be posstble—nay, easy—for the creditor elass to corner the small sum of legal-tender money, and so compel the debtor, In every ense, to submit toa shave on the substitute money offered In payment of his debt? And if tho destruction of ninc-tenths of the volume of legal money would operate as a great hard- ship upon the debtor clnss, the destruction of one-third would be only 9 lesser hardship. 2 The proposition that “the Treasury notes will be as certainly redeemable in utterly unwarranted.’ The notes of the Bank of England. in 1833 were mado legal- tender so long as the bank should redeem them In legal coin, but no longer. And this Is the law of England to-day, That provis- fon was not repealed, notwithstanding tho Bank act was mimended tn many Important particulars in 18H, For nearly fifty years the Iegal-tender feature of the Bank of En- gland note has been retained, and tt fs no- where alleged on good authority that it has produced “chaos? fn the British flian- cint system, Nor has it ever been charged that this fenture of the Brit. ish monetary system has — contributed in the smallest degree to bring about the periodient panics which have vceurred {1 England, It has been shown that the Hntt of the legaltender quality of tho British bank-note to the pertod of its redemption In coln Is Hable to cause hardship, since, in the Inngunge of Macleol, up to the moment ot suspension debtors may compel thelr credit- ors to receive payment in bank-notes, where- as In an hour, suspension having taken place, the notes are only so much waste paper in the hiands of the man Intely compelled to receive them. Both Bagehot and Macleod are very suvers in thelr sirletures on the Engllsh banking system, but neither of them proposes the abolition of the legal-tender quality of the bank-note, ‘The supporters of Mr. Bayard’s resolutton belong tooneclnsa,—thatelags formerly called the Shylocks, They want to make money seareeand dear, ‘They want to enhance the difticulties surrounding the payment of debts, Thoy want to corner money*for the benefit of dealers in money, ‘They are the enemies of fa Nealthy commerce, aud, consequently, of the resources of tho country. The good ronse of the people will, however, defeat all thelr machinations, THE “STAR POSTAL SERVICE. Tho so-called “star routes” In the postal service are Included In the delivery of the imilin those districts outside the railway and regular steamboat packet routes. They exist mainly In tho extreme West, the Terrl- tories, and the Southern States. The Instan- nuutapproprintion for this braneh of the gerviee amounted to 35,000,000; the nppro- priation asked this year Is incrensed to 87,975,000, It is explatned that the ftem was enlarged last year In order to secure the ne aniescence of the Southern members of Con- aress In the appropriations necessary to maintain the proper railway service; this yenr the Postimaster-General, states in his re- port that * The estimates for the star service for the noxt fiseal year contemplate largely- inerensed mail facilities In the States of In- alana, Ohio, Kentucky, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgian, Flor- ida, Misstsélppi, and Alabama’? Ib Js thus made evident that the purpose Is to further propltiate the Southern delegations in Con- gress, ‘ ‘The investlgntion now proceeding as to the management uf these star routes, and con- ducted by a sub-committee of the regular Approprintions Comittee, will) probably cut short this polley of propttiation, which scems to be expected by the Southern Con- gressmien upon all occasions. ‘The attention of Congress and of the country has been ar- rested by the announcement that, at the present rate of contracts, there will be a de- ficlency of $2,000,000 In this single branch of the service at the end of the present fiseal year, and Congress has been asked to make this good In advance by means of a special appropriation. It has been very wisely con- cluded to institute a thorough investigation into the management of the “star routes” before voting the huge deficiency or ngrec- ing to the proposed Increase for the next fli enl year, i 2 9 ee ‘The Second Assistant Postmaster-General, Thomas J, Brady, has apparently exerelsed supreme control over the star service, and hns proceeded thus far ona basis Involving $3,000,000 over and above the appropriation without sq much as consulting his chief, Evidence of this Is found tn the fact that the Postmaster-General, fn lis annual report, made no reference whatever to the impend- Ang deflelency, though, very shortly after, coin? without the legal-tender feature 1s now, and therefore os valuable, is both une true and soplistical. The thing which will pay a debt, to-day, but which to-morrow must be exchanged for another thing in which the debt can onty be pald, has In the meantime lost something of Its value. But suppose, further, that for nny reason, agin change In the course of trade, there ts 9 drain of gold from the country, and the Government becomes winble to redeem the greenback, whut then? No means of pay- ment would be left, and the debtor would bo. driven to the wall, It may be said, “That would be a suspension of speele-payments to he met by legislation.” Wut it ts Just here that the greenback—a = legal-tender, and bound to be redeemed Immediately upon re- sumption—would help to bridge the chasin and save the country from tho ultimate of disaster, 8 Thepretense that the reissue of Trensury notes would continue after tho repent of thelr Jegni-tender feature as now, and henee that there would result no contraction of eurren- cy, Is deceptive. “They can,” says tho Herald, “be reissued to any amount ro- aulred by the necessities of the Government.” “Can, indeed! Yes, Butthe Zcratd would oppose the relssue of the first one of then; tho Seerotary of tha ‘Treasury would find that the ‘necessities of the Government did not require the reissue of any of them, The en- tira brood of bankers, brokers, capitalists, money-lenders, and thelr agents aud organs, would protest agninst the reissue of Treasury: notes as violently as they now demand the abolition of thelr legal-tender quailty. ‘Lhey would denounce them ns worthless paper, debts of the Government, used by the Treas- ury Dopartinent for kitlng ” purposes, 4. Says the Heratd : “If the people prefer them to coin they will take and use them as freely without tho legal-tender quality as ‘Mr, Brady, hls assistant, coolly comes to Congress with the request that his contracts bo approved nnd $2,000,000 voted in order to carry them out. If there were no other ole Jectionable feature to this ens. than Mr, Brady's ignoring of his supertor while pro- ceeding to expend vast sums of money in excess of the appropriations, that alone would seem to be suflicient reason for dis pensing with Mr, Brady's services in the Post Office Department and securing those of somebody else who would recognize the subordination and responsibility attached to the position he holds. i. Mr. Brady hns appeared before the In- vestignting Committee and adinitted that, on nv basts of $5,000,000 appropriated for the star service during the entire year, ho has ex- pended $3,800,000 within the first alx months (from July 1, 1870, to Jan, 1, 1880), or atan annuat rate of $7,600,000, ‘Thore nro two laws of Congress which Mr, Brady seoms to have, violated by these excessive expend: Itures, One of them (Sec. 3,679, KS.) pro- ‘vides that “No oflicer shall In any one fiscal year Inetr any Habllity whatever on account of the Government in excess of tho appro- printions made by Congress for that fiscal year, nor Involve the Government In any contract for the future payment of money in excess of such appropriations.” ‘Tho other (See, 8,733, R. 8.) provides that “ No contract or purchase on behalf of. the United States: shall be mado untess the sane Is authorized by Inw, or Is under an appropriation adequate to Jy fullillment, except in the War and Navy Dopartinents,” Tho elatm that the de- fletoney has not yet been actually Incurred igamerg evasion. Inorder to avert that do- ficleney it will be necessary to abandon a Jurge number of the routes altogether, and to serfously cripple this entire braneh of the service during the remaining six imonthsof the current fiscal year, and thus balunce the ex- with ‘This ridiculous assertion Is based upon the theory that the people don't know the diiference between paper money which will pay dehts and paper notes which will not pay anything. It Is idle to protend that the greonbacks would be as valuable without the legal-tend- or feature ns they aro with it, The advocates: of the repoul measure are not ignorant of this fact, Indeed, they destreto deprectate them in order that they may have 6 new pretext for demanding their enncellation, ‘They want to disgrace them, to place them where they wore when Secretary “McCulloch urged thelr retirement, ‘Lhe extended quotations of the Herald from the messages of Grant and the reports of Ils Secretaries’ adviaing the retirement of the greenbackscut no figure in the present controversy, The situation is entirely changed, Then greenbacks were at a discount; now they are at par, ‘Tholrvalue ow It Ia atable, Prest- dent Grant and his Seeretaries proposed to rescue the greenbacks from disgrace by re- Uring them, with a view and og an ald to the yesumption of speele-paymenta. . Tho ond which they sought has been attained ino different way and with o ditterent result, ‘The groenbacks have been left to cjrculatesideby side with gold and silver, a3 good a3 gold and silver, ‘Thoassumption that Grant, and Mc- Culloch, and ristow now sympathize with the Herald vidw, because ‘years ago, when greenbucks were at a discount and fluctu- ating in yalue, they urged thelr retlroment, 13. : then was ttuctuating ; cesses of the first six months, to bring the entire expenditures within the original appro- priation, Mr, Brady hus preaceeded In delib- erate violation of the spirit, If not the actual letter, of the Jaw, which ts designed to keep the expenditures stricly within the appropri- ations. Mr, Brady's admisstons before the Invest!- gating Committee. have also revealed that, though the large apprepriation of $5,900,000 was based on the catablishinent of some 3,000 new routes, but $434,000 liad been expended on new routes, while $1,700,000 was expended for Increased service, additional speed, and other allowances on the old routes. In Mus tration, It may be assumed that the Greaser population of some obscure sottlement in New Mexico has been favored with two mails a week ustead of ong, at a cost of just double, subsidies are susceptible of Jufintt in- crease, In all cases of increased service the original rate of pay hus been extended to the increase, ‘That 1s to say, If the sorv- feo of the mail onco a week on u certain route cost the Government $5,000 a year, a now contract for twa dellyer- les a woek would bo made for $10,000, which, of course, was out of all propostion to the contractor's increased oxpenses. ‘This may explain why tho excessive expenditures have been devoted to the old routes rather than used for the establishing of new routes; the forncr enabled the distribution of the money among fayored contractors -on terms that THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: THURSDAY, JANCARY 16, 1880, secured them greater profits than over. It also came out during the exnmination of Mr. Brady that these ofd contractors were not, 13 arule, required to Inerense their bonds fn proportion to thelr new responsibitiites, ‘The Second Assistant Postuaster-Cenerat was shnply impertinent fn the attitnde he assumed before the Congressional Commit: tee. He elated that there would be no de ficleney, because Congress would undoubt- edly vote the $2,000,000 extra which will be necessary to keep up tho present contracts and avert a defictoney, ‘Ihe reason why Mr. Brady ts so confident that Congress will furnish him with) this extra swum, nt thus enable him to aveld a viola tion of Inw, fs to be found in his adtission that he has ytelded to Con- gresslonal influence and pressure in tho awarding of contracts, He Donsts that he Is able to produce tho letters from inembers of Congress urging the \nerease that has been made eithor In behalf of their fmmerttate constituents or in favor of pet contractors, All this Is shameless on tho part of Mr. Drady, aud shows him to be an utterly unfit person for the place he holds. It fs, Ineffeet, an admission that he panders to Congress: nen In the lettifg of contracts in order to se- eure thelr codperation in the swelling of np- proprintions and nny allowanees for deficten- cles that grow out, of extravagant nud aun Inwful oxpenditures. It iy predicted: In) Washington that the further Investigation of tho management of this. star service will develop evidenecs of corruption, auch as contracts for a greater nimnber of iniles'than there aettally are on eortuln routes, and payment for service not performed. “Suet abuses would seem to be inseparable froma prostitution of the con- tract. system to Intriguing Congressmen which Mr. ‘Brady virtuully confesses, But, whethor or not thore shall be any revelations more damaging than those whieh have already been brought out, enough hus been learned to demand of the President a prompt Interference In the man- agement of postal affairs without any refer- ence to tho final conclusions of the Con- gressional Committee. There appears to have been a greater teak in this Departineut than in any other under the present Admin- Istratlon, and President JInyes will do hhn- self credit by putting a stop to tt. —__——— SHEEP VERSUS MEN. Ata meeting of Irish tenant-farmers in the North of Ireland, the Rev, Mr. eld, a Pres- byterlan minister, discussing the Tand ques- tlon, stated the ease very strongly in a single sotitence. Me said: +“ Lwant to presorve tho population in Tretand; T don't want tho ayatem to continue that hie ox- iste’ during tho last twenty years, by which nearly two and a half millions of tho bone and sinew—the stalwart youth of our country—wero drawn out of tho land tomnke room for sheep: farming.” Itis a struggle for life and death between men and sheep; whether Ireland fs to be peopled with men or have the human popu- Intion starved out and the Innd devoted to sheepraising. As tho imen, and women, and ebildren cannot be fattened and sold, and the sheep enn be, the policy is to starve out the men and women and ralse sheep. The English Jandlords find that there are too inany human beings to be fed and supported in Lreland, and that sheep are a more profita- bie crop that men and women; and, as they ean sell all the mutton they can produce, It Ig more economical to kill off the Irlsh peo- ple, or drive thein elsewhere, and have more land on which to pasture sheep.- ‘The entire landlord body {nist that the only remedy for Irish dl en ig emigration, and yy each owner of IrJsh-tanda ‘is ready with his subscription to pay thepagsage-money of the Irisi'to other Iands;--whore, 1s a matter of indifference, so long qsthey leave Ireland and cease to inewmber the land ‘and make room for more sheep. ‘The landlord knows that he has a monopoly of the land, If he worked ithimself, he would have to hire laborer, provide them with habitations, and furnish thom with food. He would also have to pay all taxes, and would have to put manure cnough on the land each year to keep it in condition, Ife would have all the product, but, when crops failed, he would have to sustain the Joss, and Its Income would be linited to the yleld of the Jand after paying all the costs of opcrat- ing tt, Such an income would bo uncertain, would depend on the weather and countless elreumstances, which would render the own- ership of the land a burden, It would, more- over, coinpel every landlord to become a tax- payer, which Is something to which the aver age Irish landlord has no Intention to sub- mit. Aso legisintor he imposes taxes, but as alnndlord he does not pay them, He rents Inud fora net sum, leaving taxes to be paid by the tenant, Tho income of Irlsh landlords has become, In the course of thne, 8 fixed quantity, at least so far fixed ns not to enduro a reduc- tion, The netual owner recelyes the Innd from higancestor,charged with certain specif- fo annual payments, Assuming that an estate has an annual income of $50,000 a year, tho owner receives this estate charged with an annual payment of $5,000 to his mothor, $10,000 Lo be pald to his slsters, $10,000 ta bo paid to younger brothers, with perhaps 810,000 to be paid to other relatives of his father, ‘Pheso payments, amounting to $35,000 a year, are specifle, and huve to bo pald out of the Income of the land, As it Is usual fur the tents of the land to bo fixed at rates certain to produce this sum, aud as much more as 1s possible, any reduction of the ronts involves 4 loss to the immediate owner, Ilo has to pay the settled annuities, and must be content with the remalnder, Ho ennnot sell the Lands hd eannot purchase the annul- Ues, and when he dies must hand over to his heir the land burdened with provisions for his own family, Under these elreumstances the fate of tho tenant !3 a eruel one. Ho must pay rent aufliciont to swell the og- gregato income of his landlord to a sun that will enable him to pay all thesc fixed churges, If the crop full; i the seal rot inthe ground; If the sun refuses to shilno; if there bo n drought, or a sorics of ralns amounting to a deluge,—the rent must be pald, A dozen families realding in England aro dependent on this rent. ‘The tenant may got! all his entire product, convert Into cash all hls accumulations, may stint his famlly to aseanty supply of potatoes or other roote,—» but tho rent must be. pald. One-half tho ‘The stage-couch and mule route’ farmor tenants and laborers in Ireland have had no food since Inst harvest but potatoes, and of these the supply is so secant that, be- foro May, these people must be fed by charity or perlsh from starvation, as thoss who have been already evicted are now doing, {The market for tho anlo of Irish mutton is always n good one, and tho business of sheep-raising a profitable one, and the demand for land for sheep-farm- ing produces good rents, and rents less sub- fect to failures thon’ land lensed for other purposes, Hence, If Irish tenant formers who can’t pay thelr-ront, and whose crops fall, and who fusis} upon haying food for thomselves and family before paying tho rent, will only go away out of the country, and make room for more sheep, the landlords would profor it to tho necessity of reducing the rents to living rates. ‘The world outside has a deop interest in this matter, Has England the right to keep an entire race, numbeting soveral millions of people, Ina state of such porpatual poverty that the world ts called upon to furnish them fool? It isnot a enso of sudden calamity. It ian perpetual enso of struggle for ifo— atrugale to esenpodeath from starvation. ‘This country senda anmtally to Ireland moro than 820,000,000 to support families in Ireland and toenable them to pay the rent to Engtlsh Inandlords. 1 ts only in extreme enses that the English Government or people give a penny towards stipporting the notion of British subjects across the. Uhannel, freland pays $60,000,000. year rent to English Innd- lorda, and her own people havo to tive on rooly or starve, Ifas not the world the right to demand that England, 1¢ sho insists upon inaking Ireland ¢ land of suffering and starv- ing paupers, shall also feed them or take the consequences before the world of letting them starve? Is it not enough that the Irish in Canada nud the United States are taxed to pay one-fifth, one-fourth, or one-third of tho rents exacted from Irish Iand, butthat in addition this country shall be ealled upon to food five mnfiitons of British subjects starving within slx hours’ travel of London ? ‘The tand of Ireland is capable of support- Ing 10,000,000 of people, while a population of 5,000,000 Is In nstnte of chronic starvation. Isitnotthne that the world shalt demand that Great Britain shall let these people sup- port themselves, or that sho support them from her own resonrees ? The proper place for tho Irish people is their native land, with the privilegeof earning thetr own bread froin the land they cultivate. England lias no right to drive these people into exile ta make room for sheep, She has no right to offer these people the alternative of expatrlation or starvation, when, by the reform of her Land law, these people could make Treland teem with abtndanee and pros- perlty. . MR. EDISON'S BACKBITERS, Itlann envious world, my masters, It is full of jealousy. ‘These two qualities, or rathor malignities,—for thoy aro the meanest mantfestatlons of which human nature Is capable,—seem to have no Hinit to thelr devel- opment. They ure found in all ranks of society and in all departinonts of labor. If a singer succeeds in acertain part, there will always be other singers who will declare not only that she did not sueceed, but that she ennnot sing at all, for the renson that she has done what the others cannot do, This Isa falr illustration of the general operation of envy. If the backbiter could accomplish what. tho other has, it would be accom- plished, but, not being able to do so, all merit 1s donled, ‘There are yery few persons’ in the world who have achieved success, ob- tained stations of promfnence, or conferred real benefit upon the world, who have not suffered from this Invidlousness and have not had to fight thelr way through a legion of envious detractors. Among these no one hns suffered inore thin Mr. Edison, ‘When, atter months of quiet, patient, ex- haustive labor, Mr, Edison announced his belief that he hnd solved the problem of the electric ight, the backbiters at once com- imeneed their work, withont even walting for Im to explain the modus operandl of his processes, or even having ths courtesy to abide the results of his experiments, which ho announced would publicly take place, and to which thoy had free access. One proml- nent electrician declared that the new lanp was a fraud because it would not burn, and he knew, because he had applied the same principle and {t dld not succeed; hence, Edl- son’s lamp could not; but it did. The tamp burned. Another declared that tho Inamp might burn, but it would’ burn over an hour, becauso his didn’t; but Mr, Edison's lamp hag been burning day in ahd day out, and it still burns, Still another declared thatthe Inmp couldn't burn, because the oxygen: would enter it whers the wires conneet, as it did with his; but the oxygen did not enter whera tho wires connect, con- sequently tho carbonized horseshoe did not ertunble out of sight, as Mr, Edison’s In- yidious rival said it would. Now comes still another in Detrolt, tho agent of o rival electric light, who secks to strip Mr. Edison of all credit, not only for his light but for many of his past Inventions which have already proved of benefit to the world and have becn acknowledged ns successful, ‘This latest carper, engor to advertise his own wares, declares that nothing which Mr. Edison clatms belongs to him; that his original uso of platinum, his later use of earbon, his application of tho non-conduct- ibility of tholatter, hisexhaustion of thealrin the Inmp, and his use of tho generator are all borrowed, consequently Mr, Edison’s Inmp cannot succeed, and no other can, ex- cept that for which hats agent, It is some- what remarkable that this agent did not in- clude the use of electricity itself a3 onc of the agencles which Mr. Edison had bor- rowed as 9 proof that his lamp would not and could not burn. It never seems to occur to these Invidlous clectriclans that the man who makes a thing go isthe man who fs entitled to credit, and thatthe man who mgkes a failure is entitled to no further credit than for his good inten- tions and the Jabor and money he has ex- pended, If the mon who make failures are to bo entitled to credit, if those who have ac- complished nothing are the real gentuses nnd are allowed to usurp the places of those who have, whorein fs the world to be benefited, or how ts scientific progress to be advanced? Nothing suc- eeely In this world like success, Tho problem in this caso was to produce a prac- tical and economical Hght by the uso of elec- tricity. ‘To aceomplish this desirable con- sumination scientific men have been applying certain agencies In various partsof the world, ‘Thoy have all used the same agencies under tho operation of tho same natural laws. Thoy havo falted; and Mr. Edison, with the same menns, has succeeded. They did not make their Jamps burn; fr, Edison did, At Is of no consequence thathe used the same materinis and processes,- The thing that the world wanted was the lamp burning. The information that the world wanted was to find ont the man‘who could make the thing go, And Ithng found it, It knows that the Inmp is burning, and that Mr, Edison {s the man who has made It go. If ha has employed tho same agencies as the othors, with success, whore thoy made fallures, thon all the more eredit to him, because he {s tholr superlor in skill and knowledge. When they ean show that his lamp does npt burn, it will be thue for them to depreciate Mr, Edison; at present they.are only declaring thelr own failures and ndvertiaing their own ignorance, Disovesina the wheat blockade In this olty, its cauce and cure, tho St, Paul Ploneer Dyess anya: Thora 1s one romedy for tho blockade, but t! t that it will bo applied. ‘The Keone ave stopped ship. monts Enat By running up the Chicago price of wheat to such a point aa to make it Seapnealnle to ship East, pay tho cost of transportution, and soll in New York or export to Europe at 4 profit, But the trunk-ling ratos, which have been epor. mously high for six months, maky the cost of shipmont to Now York more than It need bo if ratos were fixed at Hgure. cage aud 1] mbarrasied by tho blockudo should turn their attention to the trunk-line manayers. Iv Gen, Grant will read fhe letter of Col, ‘William Wallace in the Columbia (8. ©.) Register, ho will soo himself as some of tha ex-Itobels. of South Curolina soo him, - Col. Wallace hopes that tho disgraceful rumors which fl the airaro not truo that "tho besotted, bribe-taking, hoartloss tyrant who.degraded tho‘Boutborn people to a condition unparalioled In tho annals of the hus man race, Is finding favor with Southorn Dom- cerats,” ‘He continues In this strain for somo thmo, and onds his dateibe by enying that Grant fan man who tins Maregurded the Constitution, which he had sworn to protect and tofend "5 whore high-handed and arbitrary acts in this ro- word “tnde tho party ta which he belonged atink Inthe nostrils of the Amuriean people, and caused Ita overwhelming tofent nt tho polla In 1870, and who'has been welcomed since 1s 1 cone genial spirit ut tho Courts of those tyrants of the Old World from whoso intoterable oppresstons our ancestors fled to the wilds of America, and establlahed this great Ropublic, whieh has bec tho refuge of tho oppressed of every climo; 0 mun whose wholo career hag shown that ho has not tho falntest conception of constituttonal lh- orty." Gen. Grant may think, when he reads Col. Wallace's description of him, a3 ono of the parties na huwault did after tho nttorney on tho opposit alde had given hing terrible excoriation, od what he thought of the speech, he enki Tid not know that [ waa so bade man beforo; Cwonder Lam not in the Penitentiary.” As to the Colonel's mouthings about disregarding: the Constitution which Grunt hid sworn te obey and defend, what dova this Rebel think o£ those Southern Congressmen who left thotr sents to Ko out with thelr States and overturn the Constitu- tion that thoy had aworn to protect and defend ? Col. Wallnce doutless belonged to tho elass of Democrats who insisted thatthe Rebellion should ‘be aq end necorling to tho strict letter of the Constitution,—ns interpreted by Rebels, trattors, and soccsstontata, In addition to collecting statistics on the subject of the Presidentint profercnees of the Hooalers, tha denizens of Indianapolis huye time to indulge in a poultry-show. Thoy nro pin feathering as it were, But Chlengo ia not “down” on them on that account. Tho Chicago poultry-fanclers hive not disdained to honor Indlanapalla with tho presence of samo of tholr flnest Cochin Chinn, Dorkin, Pollsh, and Spanish fowls, to say nothing of a few exquisite Bantam, In tho velna of the ehickens exhibited by Mrs. Dexter G, Brown, of Hyde Park, the Inteillgent, Judgesof tho Indinnapolisshow detected the blue Dlood of thelr progenitors of India and Perala,— the blood ‘of all the Howards of tho chicken specles, 80 to spenk,—and accordingly awarded her some promiums, which sho brougiit home to grace her magnifieent hennery. It is not tho lenst. of tho honors of Indinnnpolis that the young Tfoosler elty sports a journal devoted to the Fowl interest not a “ foul" newspaper. We quote tho foltowing from the Indianupolls: Dally Poultry Workd: Mra. D. G,. Brown, of Chicngo, TIL, one of the Inost prominent Inuly ponltry-fanciers in tho United states, daily inspects tho show with an. appreciative interost. Ehe haw seven magnitl- cent black Cochins on exhibition at Masonic Ta. ta England, titled: Indies from the Em- presgof India down ure among the moat en- thustastia poultry-faneters, and thelr examplo and that of Mrs. Brown fs worthy of being tole lowed by the ladies of this country. Gov. Gran, of Iowa, ts in favor of the Legisiature of that State {Instructing thoir Con- yressimen to use nil thelr efforts to break up tho Hessomer atect-ralt monopoly, becnuso ft Ja In- Jurious to Towa and other agricultural States In which new rallronds aro needed. Stany of the Town papers ora ndyocating « reduction of the tariff! on steel rails, and print approvingly tho memorandum recently subinitted to Congress upon this tmportant subject from some of tho Presidents of corporations whoee rods terml- nate in Chicngo. 'Thoy stated that tho present price of sto! ralls in England ts $4 por ton, at whleb price tinge quantities have recently been purehused there for American roads with A guurnnty of ten years’ wear. With mils nt the price hera stated, the rate of protection afforded by tho present duty equals 120 por cent, 'yhis rate 1s much too high, and it {9 stil further inerensed by the charges of Importation, umount- ing to nbout $3.60 por ton, thus making tho ad valorem protection 131 percent. Since 1870, when the duty now in force first went into effect, there has been an enormous and unoxpected de- ellnc in the cost of the manufacture of steel rails. In consequence of this Meclino tho ad ralurem rate of protection has Increased in tho intervening period from 45 per cont t6 120,—an ndvance of %5 per cont. With rails at £8 por ton—a price higher than thoy aro likely to rench—tho rate of protection reaches tho frst cost, and, ndding churges of importation, equals 113 per cont of tholr cost. ‘7 et; which was burned out in tho recent firo at Boston, has some comments on fireproof, buildings worthy of attention as being uot more theories, but tho results of praotieat observation and experience, It conafdora ita mistaken notion that tho grent. firu of 1872 was followed by any striking im provements in the mothods of bullding In Hos ton. It snys: Somo deelicd gains thers wero in a more stringent building luw; fn tho abolishing of high wooden roofs and wooden cornices, to the nb- ence of which Boine vf the neighboring warce houses now owo thelr oxistences in somewhat heavier pirty-walls, which possibly saved’ the gpreadof the firoon'one side; and Ina greater number of fron doors and glitters, most of which proved a very idle ut defense. But the generat of tho ‘construction still remains the sime, with a little freer nse of material corresponding: to the hirger und more expensive scale of tho new buildings. There are tho sume wooden floors and stairways, tho samo tltie-like com- blnations of communicating hollow spices, tho same genentl use of combustible materinl, with more batehways and clovatora. Almost ull tho precautions that wore adopted wore simply. to cheek tho sprend of flro from ono building to another, In this respect some yiln Is ovidont, and it fan thing to be thankful for, But as to tho Mability of any building to burn, or tho danger to ita contents and its occupants, If tire gots Into it, thers fs no noticeably Sinprovement, Thero ta no Appearnnee, unless in. conspicutously exeep- tlonnl cnses, of any cffort at fireproof construce tion, or oven atslow-burning construction. Tie American - relite We undérstand that ex-Minister Wash- burne has boen making a very thorough study of tho relutions which Thoms Paine held to the French Revolution, and hus prepared an club- orate paper on the subject which will probably appear in the May number of Serilmer’s Mondily. Mr. W, avolds all tho questions in relation to} Paine which have excited so much discussion in the United States, as well as iu England, for the Inst century, and bas confined bimeclf shnply tq tho status which Palne occupied during th French Revolution, Mr, W. while at Paris bny un excellent opportunity to Inyostigate thi subject of tho paper in question, and has mado it tho subject of « yory thorough examtnation, Ineluding all that wis publishod in France at tho time in rolation to Pulne. Having access to tho National ar- chives of Friunco, ho has dlacovered ugreut many paporsin regard to him which hive never been mado public, and has, through tho files of the Moniteur, traced Patne’s connection with the Fronch Nationnt Convention. We aro ine formod that ho finds the record and conduct of Paine during the most frightful epochs of tho Rovolution to be In tho highcat degreo creditable tohls intelligence, humanity, and patriotisn, Tho publio will probably awit the publication. of this articlo with a yory considerable dexres of interest, i ‘Tuy Jollet Republican notices the pres- once !n Chicago on Satuniay Inst of the Hon, A. M.. Sones, Chairman of the Hepublican Stute Contral Committov, ox-Senutor R, J, Oglesby, Col. A. Ce Bboook, Col, A. O, Muthews, 3inj. Jumoa M, Beardsloy, Charles B. Cox, and Col. W. A. James, and hints that * the principal object they had in ‘view was to fad out whut cuch othor know and what thoy worv willing to tell that thoy did not know.” The Republican auys that a vow slite muy be looked for soon, and uddg; * It was sup- posed that Gov, Oglesby wont up to repair his fence, but we have it from good authority that ho positively declares he {# not a candidate.” Sox of the New York papors, notably tha Herald,compluin that Mfr. Hayos hus not observed tho rulos of Civil-Sorvico reform ns strictly asho ought in making so many appointments from Ohio. Tho Herald contends that the palle ticluns of other States hayo not had o fair chunee, and that good men are turning away dia- couraged from public jife, and -that tho public intorest Is sufforiug from that cuuse. If tha editor of the Herald will read a few, hundred papers printed In tho State of Illinvis, and see tho list of cthinont gonttomon who are fayorably montionod for Governor; and Congreas, he will Mtlll hevo hope of ecm Tue Cleveland papers are in accord as to the causo of the death of ‘thoir richest man, Toonard Caso, and thoy repel the insinustion that he committed suicide, Ho was unmarried anda consumptive. Hu did much gqod with his money while alive, and soomed to delight in giv- {ng in cooontric ways. Onco, sceing a friend Ia distress, ho throw $500 at him aud ran away. Aguin, he took an. duitor out to wilk, showod hima lot. told him to build uhome on it, and | attempt | chiracter | Pad all the bil. He purposely loft 81,09 hight. in tha Young Men's Christian. Aesnctatiey ranma. Ho founded Caso Library with gms 00. Ms hired one man tendily to Alepense, ohnrities in secret, Ho built s homo for an ag: tronomer whom he desired to have enmo Cloveland, and gave hin the houso and fret Income, He took a fancy tow young mon, and whon ho renched 21 gavo hint 821,000, Ir ls thought that Gen, Garfield's surcosene {nt the House will bo ex-State Senator Howtany of Ashtulniin, who once enme withly threo yore of belng elected to tho United States Sena Himself, and 1£ he had heen choson his clecti would hayo given good satisfaction to tho te. publicans of Ohio, Ho ds not only mM able may, but his placo of residence tt the distrlet Is 44! yorable. Ashtnbutn ts one of the most wealth, and populous counties in tho district, and ity now twonty yenra sinco if has hnd tho Rept. sentative in Congross, The othor counties wi ae course, present tho names of other cang. ates. * | Wasttnaton correspondonts credit Sf Hayes with carrying out hor temporanco princk ples this winter as rightly 18 over. Callors the White Houre on New-Year's Day woro wey tronted soctally, but found no wine on the tables for thoiruse,—nothing In tho way of dring ‘but such bovernges us soothe and do not intox, onte, In thls respect, as in many others, ifr, Hayes fs setting nn oxample to Amcrican wor, en, especially in large eftios, that ta worthy of imitation and commendation. ——: Srraxrea of the Barstow-Bashtord con. test for posession of tho Gubernatorial office ig Wieconsit in 1850, tho Albany Journat sayy “The attempt wis almost oxactly similar ty that In “Maine, but. the counted-in Governos, who was n Domoerat, rofurad to necept the office.” Not so, Barstow, the countod-in, way inaugurated as Governor with nll the pomp ant cireaigtanigs of n glorious inilitary parade ang all, Drcraates to the Chicago Convention for Kentucky will bo chosen in Loutaville on they inst. If the Kentueky Republicans cannot gir the candidate an Electoral vote they can at leas be on hand early and seo that n good man iy nominated. It will bo interesting to observe thy course of tho Republicans in those States thy are unaltorably Demoeratic In expressing theig . preferonces for 4 Presidential nominee. f. 3 —_—_ Tur solid men of Boston pay taxes on con siderable property. For example: Moses Wil fame fs taxed for $2.081,000; Exward A. White, $1,705,800; Charles Francis Adams, $747.80; ¥, T. Androws, $82,700; “J. Ingersoll Bowditey, $2,178,000; Josinn Quincy's helrs, $603,000; W.g, Dexter, $3,803,700; Frederick 1. Sears, $1,385,4; Joshua M. Scurs, $3,065,000. Gen CrammenLaty, of Maine, scems de termined to follow Cromwell's advico to keep the powderdry us well ng to trust inGod. He will look after the powder, while tho nonplitel Rump Legislature will-do the praying. Gea Chambortaln fs evidently of the opinion that the Lord {a generally on the eldo of tho heuvies battalions. . —— ie ‘Tins Democrats will find that Mr. Blaine ls not so sick: but that ho can take care of himself, Tho absurd story thoy started that he was~ party to nn attempt to bribo o Fustonist, haviog falled, thoy next report him very alek. Ther wilf be sicker men than Blaine In the Democratic party bofore the present troublo ends, Acconn1ne to Gov. Long’s annual message tho Treasury of Massachusotts is a milllon dole Huns worse off at tho close of 1870 thin at tho ent of 1878, Tho State taxes wero reduced inl™ overa million. Tho Governor advises retrench ment in all dopartments and n gradual increas in taxation. ——_—— Tur Democrats of Catifornin have sent thoir congratulations to Goy. Gareclou, and thug given tho attempted fraud in Malno the sanction of thelr approval. ‘The courso of the Fusionisis meets with tho approbation of tho Democrats overywhero. Mn. Fryr, of Maine, Is favorably men: - toned as a proper person to tke Gon, Garteld'# wy plnco ns louder on tha Republican sido ot the * Ifouse, , He fs an able man, a good apeakor, tnd afine parliamentarian. B ————— SuontHanp reporting fs getting to be one of tho recognized industries of the county ‘The lowa courts pald over $60,000 for thls tor of work during the Inst yen PERSONALS, Tho paragraphs about Boyton and Web! may be considered flonting itoms. Wilhelm) is in California, Willlam Beo fs Jn Now York, whero ho was born. Jeff Davis is 73 years old, and {t ts painful to think that mon sometimes live to bo 100, The widow of Prof, Agassiz was the fist womnn to vote at the recent muntolpal olectoa in Boston. Another great mystery has finally beea solvod by the frank confession of Annn Dickin bon thatshe is 37 yenrs of age, ‘The Czar has employed threg American dotectlves, and tho downfall of tho Russian Bae pire 18 now slinply » question of timo. Guribaldl’s divorce case Is still pending be fore the Court of Appeals in Tomo, but It is be Meved that a deerea will bo issued bofore the old man dies, On Feb, 11 Japan will cetebrate tho 2,510 aniversary of Jinmu Ton-o's accession to the throno of tho Empire. Jinmu wasa good sur crelyn, but ho fs dend now, George W. Lathrop, tho well-known seulk er, hus been arrostod at Albany, N. Yq for forgery. In cago ho {8 sontenced to imprison: mont for life it {8 belioved that both Hunlan® Courtnoy will challonge him, Miss Ella Stanton, daughter of tho I: Bocretary of War, has just boon married! ‘Washington to Lieut. Bush, of tho Army. The bride's gown, Indy reators may bo glad tops know, was of whito brocade and satin, and bet yell was of point lace, ° ‘A London paper tells of an English Indy who hus kleked a foot-ball 900 feot without training. ‘Think of the dreadful consequencal that would onsue i case aho should get dreaming about the matter somo night and plant her foot In tho emall of bor unfortunate hur band's back! Gen, Watker fayors tho employment of womon n¥ consus-takors, Without curing 1 discusa the merits of thls schomo wo wish tos that in case it fe carried out futuro blatoriant will bo puzzled to account for the fact that it 1880 thoro wore no unmarried women In Am ovor25yenrsolt, Tho gex will novor go on its own membors. Mrs. Hannah Simpson Grant, the mother of the Gunornl, 18 now, at tho ago of 80, livin with her daughter, Mrs, Corbin, 1 a small hous on tho hights above Jersey City, sha fs a qul and dignificd old Indy, with u sinal}, stra figure and regular -foxtures, Sho bins brigth durk oyes and a kindly smilo, and sho move avout with unusual activity and vigor. Mra, Vinnla Renm-Hoxto ts described bf a Washington paper as appearing ¢ morning ut ‘tho Navy-Yurd in a big singe apron to superiotend the preparations for ing In bronze hor statue of “Admiral Farres! for which the Governmont ls to pay #20,00 4 nothing {4 sald regurding Mr, Vinnie team Hoxie, tt ts presumed that family carca ke? him at home, Mr, Kavanagh, the Irish momber of Parl Mont, whose Inck of urms.and legals acoomr panied by a plentiful supply of brains, his youth a vory sorrowful life, After the! doath of bis futhor and mothor, he wast! the control of his two alder brothors, who, mo tiled by bia strango doformity, are sald to bay socluded him in the country from tho sight mankind, ‘Tho boy, full of juteltectual xeal manly spirit, would not allow bis mind to or grow morbid; and when ‘after eoveral y his brothers died, leaving a very largo catate Ld his yuldanco, ho omoryed from bla Ubrery & rarely oultivated and Dbrilliaut man with & and will so trained that it was # very cnsy ter to him to grasp pruotical life and affairs 3 dclightful are Mr, Kayanayb’s intellectual spiritual graces that he wou for his wifo® boaytiful and charming woman, His childret aro all bright and handsome, and he {3 are#! r beloved, both by them and by his tonantry. 1t spite of his bodily mlsfortune Mr, Kavunss? a noted Nimrod, riding after hounds—ia a dlo which he himuolt tayented—with tho roe out encray and daring, > ‘4