Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 4, 1879, Page 4

‘Dhe Cribune. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. DY MAM—IN ADVANC! Fyiltion, one year, cat, et monty a E—POSTAGE PREPAID, 12. ~"Bpecimen conles scat free, ) _ Give Fost-Oftes address in full, including State and County. { Memittances may be made elther by draft, express, Pott-osice order, or In'tegtatered letter, at our risk. TERMA'TO CITT SUBSCRIBERS, puss. delivered, Sunday excepted, 25 conta per weex. iy, delivered, Banday tneluded, 90 centa per week. Addrada THE TRIAUNE COMPANY, . Corter Madiaon and Dearborn-sta,, Chicero, Tt. Orders for, the detlvery of Tite Tnintxx at Evannton, Englowood, and Hyde Park left in the counting-room ‘willrecetve prompt attention, TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. y ae ‘Tre Cricaco ThinuRe has eatabtished branch offices forthe receiptot subscriptions and advertisements as follows: < NEW YORK—Room 29 Tribune Dullding. F.T. Mee Fapprn, Manager, « * PARIS, France-Nb, 16 Rue de 1a Grange-Bateliere. Ti. Manian, Agent. LONDON, Eng.—American Exchange, 449 Strand. Taxny F, Grorin, Agent, WASHINGTON D. SED Hooley’s Thentro. * *. Fraadoinh street, Perween Clark and -Lagate, Ene gaement of Emerson's Meratherian Mibstrele, After- oon and evening, : s Haverly’s Theatre, : Dearborn street, corner of Monroe, of the Tony Denler Troupe. ternoon and evening Engagement “‘Hampty Iampty.” Af- MeVicker's Theatre. ig Ah Madivon street, between Dearborn and Stat? En: aexement of the Standard Theatre Company. "JI, 3. 8. Pinafore" and “Trial by Jury." + _—— ‘ : Tinmlin's Theatre, : Clark street, opposite the Court-Ioure, Fngage mentof the Georgia Minstrels. Afternoon and cyening. Metropolitan Theatre, Clark ttreet, opposite Sherman House. Kngagement ot May Fisk's Dinotherian Lady Minstrels, Afternoon saderening. White Stocking Park. ‘Lake Shore, foot of Washington street. Champion snip game between the Boron and Chicago Cinbe 3:00 p.m. FRIDAY, JULY 4, 1879. . Tho movement to bring about a return of the French Parliament to Paria isin a fair sway to result in o transfer of the sittings of that Lody from Versalloa to tho real Capital of Franco, A bill to this effect was yestor- day adopted by the Sonate, Hot.weather and sunstrokes were quito * general yesterday throughout the West, Obi- cago coming in for no more than her share, and, o8 usual, boingrathor favored than oth- erwise in regard to heat, ‘Tho ralu-storm of lst evening has had a wholesome effect’ on tho temperature, though the outlook for a *fairday to-day is not very oncouraging at 2 oO. ma. Instructions hayo been given by Attorney- Genoral Devens to the effect that the re- fnusal of Congross to appropriato money for thoir feos does not prevent United States Marshals from performing ali the duties of their office, ‘They will, however, bo compelled to take their chances of cvor gotting-paid through an appropriation hero. after, Tho vneé business of the Into Baron Rorr--ultp will bo carried on by bis threo e-u8, The family will indeed be fortunate if out of the threo shall dovelop a worthy successor of his fathor, whose capacity for finance and happy faculty of keoping out of politics or intrigue combined to make him ono of the really great tnen of tho ago, —— It is bad nows for the boys, but a godsend to the roat of the community, that the Mayor has issued an order probibiting tho fire- eracket or flroworka nulsanco in the stroots or alleys, and restricting this amusement to Jarge opon spaces nenr tho city limits and distant from any buildings; and also pro- hibiting within tho city limits the infornal fusilado of guns, pistola, and canuon common to the Fourth of July, The Superintendent of Polica has beon instructed to enforce this ordor and the ordinance already in force, and tho police foros could not be better employed than in making it their buviners to arrest aud march to tho station-house every boy or man who disobeya (he law. ‘The Inw passed by lemocratio major. ity in tho Forty-fifth Congress, forbidding tha omploymont of the army as a posse comitatus, has had tho effect in the Indian country to render impossible the enforce. mont of property rights. Soevon hundred ponies were recently rnn off by white men from the Red Cloud Agonoy, und, though the animala ore driven in full sight of the military posta, the troopa are by Ipw for- Dbidden to lend a band in the recapture and rostorntion of the stélen property to the In- dinn owners, It was the chiof dosign of the Democrats to provent tho uso of troopyin agsalsting in tho raids of tho royenuo officers upon ilicit distillers in the Southern States, but {ta effect is broader than that, anc it Protects horse-thieves. ng well as modn- shinors, Tre Taune's informat! In regard Cantza Wanniion’s detormination to resign unless the Democrntio office-seekors ceaso to hound him, is confirmed by the following statoment which he is roported as having made yesterday to an attache of an ovouiug paper; Yea, I did aay T would reign, and 1 shall cortalniy do vo if this persecution keeps up. I counnt please evorybody, act as I will, and my re- tion ty according to my beat Judgment, Hereaftor Tahal? hear no more applications for places. Jf any Que opplics to ino ft will be the causo of their. complete and entire dismi Tf those whosw names are already on the lates auuoy me, 1 ne remove their names and they will get no plac ‘Thix iv a very wise resolution of Mayor Hanniwon's, aud if he will adhere {o it strictly, it will savo him groat tribulation of spirit, and perhaps avort the sapending catastropho of bis resignation. "The posi. tion of Mayor of this city ix not an onviablo one in spy case, and i gt crn thet ‘Mr, Hyzation shoul 4 it almost unen- auf in tho-véin aud unbecoming effort jor nallaty the/greed of all the Detuocratio “offce-buntery, “Mr, Hazmsson would have boon easier/ in his mind, and the city would have heey better off, if he had warnod off the pack-of wolves at tho vory start. Moycr Tannison ordered Marubal Bexnex to pertorm u service not inthe Jino of his duties, aud he very properly refused. He ‘Wag ditocted to use his strong porsonal in- Huonce with the mombers of the Department « *~tofnduee them to agree to what should ba known as a ‘‘voluntoor” reduction of 5 Per cent on thelr salaries. ‘The Mayor, bay- ing thus bulldozed tho hardworked fromen through the importunities of their zanche loved chiof, proposed to take all tho crodit to himself of having cyt down expennes; that in to say, ho put up a job to gain on little personal glory by tak. ing a paltry 6 per cent off tho pay of every man who risks his life to protect our.city ngainat destruction by fire. Marshal Bayer declined to act as the roper | in this confidonce-game, belteving, first, that it was n shane to reduce the pay of his men, who are already forced to 9 shave of G or 8 per cont on tho scrip they receive; and, accond, that it was not his place to work up buncombe for Ifan- nison by coercing the men into a “ yolun- tary” reduction,- Apart from tho great ad- mfration and esteem which the people of Chicago entortain toward Marr Benner as & Firo-Marehal, hie manly course in refusing tonct as catspaw for the Mayor will be by everybody indorsed and approved. REMOVAL OF. FIRE-MARSHAL BENNER, The announcement this morning that Mayor’ Hanntsox has summarily removed Qhief Marshal Bexxen from his position at the head of tho Chicago Fire Departmont will occasion tho utmost astonfsiment and indignation among tho people of this city, especially when it is understood that tho only reason ‘assigned for the act by the Mayor is the assertion that Marshal Dennen was not in accord with him in tho mattor of reducing the pay of tho fromen, while the fact is that tho Chief Marshal declined to visit the men and nso his influence to persuade them to “a voluntary reduction” of 5 per cont of their pay, which would ammount to a saving of something lke $6,000, Whatever may bo tho ront reason for this extraurdinary proceeding of Mnyor Hanrr- son's, the ronson axsignod will be spurned as uttorly insufficiont to justify the displace- ment of such an officer as Fire-Marshal Ben- nen, For six years he has, with an ability amounting almost to a genius for this kind of work, directed the operations of the Cbi- cago Fire Department,-and by hia remark. ablo executive faculty, togsther with the por- seanl example ho has sot before the Depnrt- ment of gront skill and bravery asafire-fighter, and of the most exemplary conduct and doportnent nf a mnn and nn officer, Marshal Gzyxen has bronght his command ton dogret of efficioncy and skill that has been of inwtimable value to the people of the city, not\lono in the protection of their property ond tho extitguishmout of firoa with tho least possible loss, but in entitely overcoming tho prejndico engendered by Chicago's supposel inseourlty, against fire, and in gaining theontiroe confidenco of the insurance companies at homo and abrond, wheroby tho premiuzs on risks have boon reduced to the vory lowst rates granted in any city in the countt,; He bas accom- plished this by osystom of discipline and government tho most exacting and inflexible, but tempered with justico, ‘mpnrtinlity, aud integrity so fixed and firm this no amount of political interferenco or pressure could sworve him a hair's broadth tom what ho concoived to bo the highest and best intor- ests of his Department. Ho had the confi. denco and good will of tho people of Chicago in ns monsuro for surpassing tho pevor of Mayor Harnigox to altor or impair, and his removal on tho day of al others in the calen- dar when his services were most needed niust be sot down ss tho craziest of all the ridicnlons antics performed by Oanran H. Hanntsox since his inauguration as Mayor, 'Lhero fg, there cnn bo but ono sentiment ro- garding thie extraordinary removal, ‘tho Connon Connéil is unanimously opposed to it; the insurance men interviewed last evon- ing wero to a man opposed to it; ond if it were possible to take a vote of the people of Chicago jit would be found that the half- million wonld be ns 9 nuit opposed to it, ‘Tho nnger and disgust that will bo folt at tho Mayor's exhibition of potty spite and malico in tho removal of Marshal Benyen should be demonstrated with snch forco aud Plainness as to leave nochanco for mistaking tho tomper of the people on this subject. It may bo that tho morchauts, businoss-mnen, and householilers of Chicago, rich‘aud poor alike, and regardless of party lines, will do- oldo upon some plan of notion by which to express their dissont, and demand Mr, Ben- en's roinstatemont in a publia and unmis- takable manner, Whatever form this ex- proasion takes, it should be prompt and im- perative, and, if Mayor: Hannisox’s dignity will not permit him to back down, let him carry ont his suggestion of rasigning at tho corliest posaible momont, and the people will sco to it that n man is wlocted to fill out his term who knows onongh to keep his hands off th ol’ire’ Dopartment, THE DAY WE CELEBRATE. The whirligig of time is a suro instrament of vengeance. Among other punishments it bringa around the Fourth of July with uan- failing and startling accuracy, Tho miseries of the day ara actually upon us, It bogan ‘Inst night, .and it will drag out its noisy career over to-morrow. ‘Tho ornck of the pistol is heard in the land. The beom of the cannon resounds over tho Inke, Tho suap of tho flre-crackor bangs the ‘ympanum and threatena the eye, Americto ingonnity lias outrun Chineso inventios, and niinia- ture bombshell are farnishal at a price and ina quantity that’ brings thom within tho roach of every family, ‘Lhe trail of the flery serpout is upon tho front sidewalk, ‘Khe rocket soars into tho air, So duos tho motaphorical eagle. Tho blaro of the rural orator swells tho fanfare if not thy honrt of Americanhumauity, Thore is io oxape from the universal holiday. ‘Tho small poys aban. don the harmless manufecturo of mud-ples for the dangerous manipulation /of Yi-cent pistols, ‘Tho big boys lay in grost chunks of Indigestion and hend-ache for tho noxt doy. ‘The workingnian seeks rowt and amusement by trudging through tho sand Jun procession of his kind, Tho servant-girl sweltors in orler to danco ata picnic, held in 9 grove without trocs, The fatheryaud mothors, to aay nothing of tho sifters and cousins and unts, davote the carller part of the day to the protection of juvenile life and limb, and tho latter part of the day to amateur surgory du the binding up of wounds and tho plnse tering of burt, ‘Cho fire-alaria iy kopt busy ; tho police aro overcome by a sense of their lucapacity to gmpple with American patriotian ; the bar-rooms furntsli victims for the station-house; and the runaways pro- yido patients for thu hospital, Those’ are (ho chief features of tho Amer- ican celebration of the ono National holiday. ‘Tho day bas lost its historis character, ‘Thero was’ au effort to ravivo it on the Con- fennial Fourth, and thoré will probably bo another yffort in tho same direction when another Lundred years shall have rolled around, In the meantime uo National sig- nificunce is attached to theday. No thought ia taken of tho grand struggle of which the Declaration of Independence was the mapi- festo, If that instrument is read at 9 formal gelobration it is voted a bore, and the read- ing is rogarded as a waste of time that might better bo owployed in hooting of THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: FRIDAY, JULY 4. 1879—TWELVE PAGES. firecrackers; if any roferenca is mnde to tho Revolutionary period in tho orattons of the day, it is only in rounded phrases and empty oratory, ‘Tho meaning of tho auni- versary is lostius pandemonium of noise and Lancombe, , Political factions uso it to advance their selfish purposes; and doma- gogues improve it to practico decep- tion upon a class of. people. who enn be reached moro easily on this than on any other oceasion, Tho formal cotebra- tions ore clnss celebrations, ‘hero will bo moro lanientations over the ' Lost Causo " in certain sections of the South than thoro will bo of jubilation ovor the untionality which the occasion onght to typify. Throughout the North the day will be Inrgely used for the purpose of making formidable demon. strations, professcdly in the, interests of tho working classes, but actually’ enloulated to wlarm capital and renct to the injury of tho laboring men. A rational and propor cole- bration of the day would require some sober manifestation of gratitude for the blessings which the Declnration of Independenco n#- sured to the American people; instond of this, wo have noisy agitation of all kinds. But repining will not avail to work any ehango; tho character of the celebration is dofinitely fixed for all time, ond its incidental follies and horrors wust be endured as philo- sophically as tho smashing of bata in Berlin on Syloester-Abend, or the throwing of dust sud flour balls at the Roman carnival, or the blowiug of peas and pollots on tho road to tho Derby racos, ‘Tho Americnns ara not the only fools in the world, ‘The people of Chicago will find a good deal of compensation for tho misories that cannot be oscaped to-day in tho assurance that the most sorious of tho threatened cvils has been averted. There has beon a wido- apread apprehension thnt the military com- panies which hava beon organized in tho interests of Socialism would attempt to parade with army to-day in defiance of the Inw forbidding that kind of demonstration. Hnd there been an attempt’ of this kind, it is more thon likely that a blondy conflict would have rosulted. Tho authorities, under the spur of public opinion, would have felt tho necessity of putting down so flngrant o defiance of tho law, andthe samo spirit which had prompted tho Communist mili. {ary companies to Maunt their contempt for the power of the State would probably havo suggested a desperate resistance to the en- forcement of the law. Thore could have been but one rosult of such o conflict. The supremacy of suoh a law would have been amply vindicated, ond the re. sponsible and Inw-nbiding oloment of society would havo demonstrated that adequnte preparation bad beon mado to put down the Inwless olement. Nevertheless, the conflict would have been n bloody one, if ithad been forced upon the authorities, and it would havo been followed by deplorable results.’ As it is, the extont of Communistic mischiof will bo limited to the influence which the designing leaders will exercise to- day over the real workingmon- by the control they have secured cvor their picnic, This influence will be doloterious enough, cortain- ly, but so long as it stall bo exercised in n peaceful and lawful manner, it will attest tho absointe freedom to which the Declaration of Indepoagence has led up in this country, | ‘There Will be somo aching heads and sorry hearts to-morrow as a result of to-dny’s cola- bration, ‘The consumers of bee will have otzenjammer, ond tho consumer of col- cred lefnonade will suffur from’ stmothing liko cholera infantum, Most of the patrong of the horse-rnces will be lighter in their pockets, if not in thoir herds and hearts, than they arg.to-day, ‘There will bo a good many small boys done up in more or loss bandages, and thoro who go through the flery orden! of tho Fourth unharmed will mourn for nickels that bayvo been squan- dered. Practically, Saturday and Sunday will both be devoted to the difficnlt and un- grateful task of “ taporing off,” which overy| kind of dissipation necessitatos, aid the vak majority of peoplo will conclude with Susx- |. sveane that “*Tfall the year wero pinying holidars, ‘To sport wo uid be as ous an to work," THE GREENEBAUM BANIS, Tho report of Examn Wasrany, Bank Examiuor, asthe result of his careful inves. tlyation of the affairs of the German Nn. tional Bauk, lenves little room #0’ doubt that tho institution was ron maitiy to sustain a Hittle riug of banks and corain real estate operathns. Torsonal consideration for Mr, Hesnr Gneexznaus and chose associated with him in the active minagement of tho “Gorman National doos not justify any con- cua'ment or oxtentation of tho irregularitica and abuses that havo boen rovealed, In point of fact, a literal interpretation and atrict on- forcement of tho United States Banking law vould pubject tho responsible officers of more than one of the collapsed banks to prosecution, and tho violntion of the law in ‘the cage of the German National should not be permitted to ercapo proper official notico, Whethor the affair bo judged by'the ombar- ragsment which depositors suffored, or by the actual losses sustained by tho stockhold- erg, there is a demand for snot action as will bo calcalated to provent similar manipu- lation of bavk-funds in the future by thoso who are mauoging banks under the National law. ‘Tho Indobteducss of tho Gurenznaus fam. ily to the German National Bank figured up nearly $187,000, It was divided betwoen Hevny Greenynaum, on his indiyidual ac. count, Henny Gueenzuaum & Co., Garene- naum Brothers & Co,, H. & D, 8, Gneenz- paus, Isaac Greenepavat ond Sanan Gueexx. nana, in addition to collateral indebteduoss from relations not bearing the namo of Guyexynavm. A savings bank, a private banking and brokerage business hero and auother in New York, ‘seem to have been ‘practically run by these funds, Of tho en- tire num of $187,000, only $62,000 has been: actully poid back, nearly £59,000 has been seratched off under the head of “ profit aud toss,” by the terms of composition; the amount still due ig 865,846, which Mr, Wasu- Buen osthnates to bo actually worth about 85,725, and it is’ dafo to suy that this is all that will be roulized from the votes and collaterals on baud. <A part of this indobt- edness represents an operation only threo wouks before the failure of the bank, where. ‘By a good loan was trangforred so us to make room for Henny Gneexepaum's personal noto wd worthless collaterals, Mr, Wasunvunn’s report shows that the bana was loosely and recklessly, if not fraudu‘gntly, managed. Money was loaned iu largo aums for speculative purposes upow™ inauflicicnt, security or no security ot all, Ovordrafte were commou, Ieul vstate was holdin tho name of the President which wos said to Iclung to tho bank, Tho Prosdent’s individual account was largely ovorirawn, in addition to the enormous sums whia ho aud othor men:bers of tho family bad borrowed upon securities, Items of uudtermined and doubtful yaluo were car riod on the books sa cash. ‘[he accounts scom to have beon kept eithor without any system, or upon a system devised to deceive. Many notes wera not registered; debits and creditd’ wero mado wilhout showiig what thoy, roprosented ; many entries wore #0 in- definftc that they conld not be traced out; the bank was pormitted to acquire a largo amotmnt of real estate, and theextent of those operations were canceled by carrying this property in Tixway Greenenavs's name, Exaxn Wasunvny is known to be a careful, prudent, and thorough-golng man, and when he says that “Tho conclusion is irresistible that tho Into President of the Gorman Na- tional Bank used its funds to bull the roal- estate market and sustain the crodit of va- riong private banking institutions of which ho was a member,"\the publio will begin to regard the statement as entirely trustworthy, uy THE REDUCTION OF LAROR. Mr. Entranpr, ono of the Sooistist mem- ors of tho lato Logislaturo, in the interview with him on Wednesday concerning to-day's demonstration, expressed himself candidly on one or to points, ‘Cho r§port reads: **What do you know about the intentions of the workingmen, Mr, Enuanvt?” asked the invest! gator. : “'T do not know much," was tho reply. “'Have you heard of much dlasatisfaction among them recently?" 4 ‘Not much, They are agitating the eight-hour | movement, but I do not think they cbutemplate getting ap any universal striko,"* bi “What do thoy want!” mM ‘They want to make eight hours a day's work. In, some instances I know of men who are dlready working clght hours and recclying pay for nino. ‘Tho men want shorter days, so that more can be employed. ‘They don't want to have a fow indne- trious mon monopolize all the work," + **Will these men be content when they get elght hoursa dayt" Ss ** Yes; certainty." ‘*But they will get reduced wages?"" ““T think not." Hero aro two points distinetly stated: (1) Thata reduction to eight hours for a day's work is domanded, so that more men mny be employed to do the samo amount of work; and (2) that oach man is to get the samo wages ag now, Tho '*day" is to continuo tho mensuro of wages, but tho day is to be Shortened and tho wages remain unchanged, whilo tho number of men to perform the given amount of work isto bo incronsed 25 per cent. ‘Cwolve inen now perform 120 hours’ work in a doy at $2 ench; hereafter, fifteon men are to be employed to do the samo work, ond each of tho fifteon is to got 2 per day, adding 25 per cent to tho cost of the day’s work, Each man iy anppdsed to produce each day a value equal to the wages paid him. At present tho nsstmption is thatin ten hours he produces something which ‘can bo ex- changed for the prodact of somo other man's ten hours of labor. If, thorefore, a man limits his production to eight hours, he can only produce that which can be exchanged for tho product of some other man’s aight hours of labor. It makes no differenca whethor the man work eight, six, or four hours por day, the thing produced will only ‘be exchangenblo for something requiring the snme number of hours to produce, The produot of oight hours will not be accepted as the equivalent of ten honrs' Inbor, and no matter how tho question will bo viowod, any given number of hours of labor will pur- chose the produot of’ only the sama number of hours of labor, no matter whothor that Anbor bo porformed by: five, ten, or twonty mon, ‘The moasuro of value of labor is tho value of the product of that Inbor, 1f two men work fivo honrs ench their Inbor is -vorth axnctly os much as tho labor of ten men working one our each; and the wages of the two men must be equal to the wages of tho ten who porfarm only tha same amount of labor. « ‘How cau fifteen mon per- forming tho labor now done by twelve mon expeot for the same work 25 per cont addi- fioual pay and*not cause an increase in the ‘cost of tho thing prodnced ? A MONOPOLIST WAIL. Tux Tnipoxe yosterdny contained in its correspondence from Philadelphia the mourn- ful and desolate wail of tho quinine estab- lishinent over tho repeal of the duty on im- ported quinine, The mannfaocture of quinine was begun'in Philadelphia sixty years ngo, and two establishinenta in that city havo had n practical monopoly of tho business in this’ ‘country ovor since, Mr. Powzns, of the firm of Powens & Weroursan, the largoat firm ongnged in the business, died some weeks ogo, leaving an estate of many millions of dollars, his sara of tho profitson quinine, Tho afflicted partnors of the deceased and the bereaved membors of the othor firm engaged in the manufacture of quinine havo been plunged into the deopost wo bocause of. tho repeal of the protective bounty hitherto enjoyed by them, Thoy woop not for thomselves alono bat for thoir country! ‘The ingratitudo of the nation cuts them to the quick; thoy aro overwhelmed, and threaten to commit business suicide, _ When tho Robels fred upon Sumtor, and raised their traitorous hands aguinst the flag of thoifr country, the Philadelphia mannufac- ‘turera of quinine proceeded to Washington on the Fourth of July, 1861, and, in the fullnoss of their patriotic hearta, tendored their sory. ices to make quinine for all tho troops that might be called for by.the ‘Government, and for the fninillos of thoso ot the front; all- they asked was that Congress should voto them a subsidy of {6 por cont in gold on all the quinine thoy should make, and, thus oxcluding British, French, and Ger- man quinine, secure to these American man- ufncturers the exclusive right of making American quinine to be sold to American soliliers ond thelr Amorican families, to cure them of and protect thom from purely Amor- Jean fover and aguo! , The patriotic Congross responded, and placed a duty on all foreign. made quinine of ‘45 per cent in gold, which with the incidence was equal to from $2 to §4 por ounce of quinine, All during the War and until 1872 this tax of 45 por cent re. mained, furnishing. a magnificent bounty to these monopoliats, In 1872 tho tax was ro. duced pn the sulphate uf quinine to 20 por cent, and on tho Fourth of July, 1878, or twonty years from the data'of the imposition of the jnfamous and scandalous scheme of plunder, it was finally abolished, Tu the lst of cates for National thanks giving to-day there should bo an universal outpouring of gratitude that thia tax on quinine hes been abolished, Aftor boving enjoyed thid ‘monopoly for twenty years, having flourjghod upon this tax gathored at the bedside+pf ayer fover-stricken person iu tho land,!thesa overgrown, purse-proud plundorera haya tho insolence to threaten that they will make no more quinine, Theso people in Philadelphia soll annuntly 1250,000 ounces of quinine at $3.40 por ounco, ‘That ig, the present price, The foroigu prico-at this time is $2.80, and the duty carrics it up to something ovor the prico demaulied in Philadelphiu, Ay the quinine can“ bo wanufacturod iu Phila- delphia cheaper then it can be made in Europo, certainly at aa; low a cont, the differonce botweon $2.80 and 23,40 Per ounco is exactly tho sum of which the American people aro plundered for the ben- ofit of these two Philadelphia firms, Sixty conts por ounce ou vn million and a quartor of ounoss onoually is equal to $750,000 di- rect special bounty collected by these mon without consideration ond without juatifica- tion, No wondor that tho quinine makers have been able to contribute to the special lobby to ‘ protect” tho sugar and other cor- rupt interosts which are also plundering cou- sumers under like spectal bounties. Nowon- dor that theso men in Philadelphia ery out in anguish that they have been suddonly do- prived of the license to collect from the sick and the wenk this enormous specinl bounty, in addition to their ordinary profits ou thoir productions, Our correspondent writes that these man- ufacturers of quinino, upon hearing of the passage of the bill, declared sovoral things, among which were the following: (1) That the foreign article is far inferior to that nado in Philadolphia, and is never usod by the medical profession, because of its impuri- ties, (2). Tho Philodolphian manufacturors will havo to atop making quinine, because of their inability to'sell in compatition with tho imported article, (3) They onnually im- ported fivo million pounds of bark, but have given orders to import no moro, (4) Thoy will have to discharge thoir workmen, which number eighty men! The “unprotected” reader will fail to reconcile these declarations. If tho British, French, aud Gorman quinine is so bad and 80 impure that the medical profession have to forbid. its use and order Philadelphia quinine exclusively, why should the Phila. delphiane, who have an exclusive market, ceago to do business? If the:mported quinine issoimpure that it is novor used in this ,country, how ie it to so compate with tha do- imeatic article that the production of the Iat- tor ia to conse for want of customers? Tho bark coats the Philadelphians no more than it does the French, and why cannot quinine ‘oe manufactured in Philadelphia ns cheaply ag in ‘Paris? Tho most serious dienster pre- dicted by those men as result of repealing this bounty on quinine ig tho discharge of eighty workmen, who are now enjoying tho averago princely income of $1.50 por day,— total loss of $120 wages per day. Thisioa a blow to Amorican labor under which ovon protected Pennsylvania will staggor for a century and from which probably it will never recover, In the meantime, all thanks to the men who repoaled this tax. eee or THE MILITIA When the Federal Convention completed its labors, Sopt. 17, 1787, and submitted the Constitution which it had framed to the several States for thoir consideration and adoption, it was found that many objections were interposed to different provisions, Many of tho States were approhensive of vesting too’ largo powers in. the Gonoral Governmont. It is natural to expect that a people who havo but recently wrested thoir indepondonce from a hitherto suporior powor, and had done: this in the name of Liberty, would watch with jealous onra over any methods of change. in government that might be offered or any now order of affairs that was to ba sot up. ‘With this in view, we can easily under- stand how every line of the Conatitution yas scanned and every provision searchod, ay though a possible ‘Lory meusara might lurk thorein, Several of tho Statos claimed there, was not sufficient restriction on the Goner Government, and, though one by one they adopted. it, yot thoy insisted that amendments which woul meet the objec- tionable features should be presently mado. In. conaoquonce of this. universal fécling Mr. Maprson prosonted a memorial from Virginia asking that the matter be taken up, and he- brought forward in the House at the firat- session of Congress under the new Constitution the ton amend. ments which wore subsequently ratified by the States, Tho socond of theso is the one wheroon the claim of tho anconstitutionality of the Militis not is based, and reads as fol- lows : ‘CA woll-regulated militia being. necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.” While this particular provision has not, to our knowledge, beon tho subject of cxamins- tion and decision by any Court, yot soveral ‘of the other provisions, which originated from the anme causes and scok tho samo purposes na constitutional limitations, havo beon tha subject of * decisions of the highest Courts, both Stato and National, ovor nnd over again. And there can .bo no doubt that thoso cases aro conclusive as to what must rosult from any further judiofal inquiry as to the scopo and effect of those smendments; while, ns a mat- ter of sound renzoning on the principles of the Government and .tho occasion of tho adoption of those-amondmenta, thoy are most convincing, In 1824, Wazwonra, then a Cironit Judgo and afterwards Ohancellorof Now York, con- aldered a caso in which the question was fairly presented oa to whother the Fifth and Sixth Amondmonts wero restrictions on the power of tho Statos, After roferring to the opposition to tho Constitution ns submitted to tho States, in which it was claimed tho powers of tho Gonornal Govornmont woro not sufficiently limited, and reviewing tho occasion and manner of making these amendments, ho callsattention tothe fact that many of the States -have incorporated in thoir State Constitutions principles that aro wholly inconsistent with the idea that thggo amendments are in restriction of the State Governments, and concludes in theso words: ‘Lam, therefore, clearly of the opinion that theae amendmonta wore never intended to Iimit the powers of the States.” This case ia reported in 2 Cowon, 820, As Ohancellor he afterwards oxpressod sim- ilar views in Liyragron v, Mayor of New York (8 Cowon, p. 98), and in this caso quotes the following preamble to the szoond- ments as passed by Congress as giving un- aneworably proof of the purposo of the amendments: “The Conventions of a number of States having atthe tine of thefr adopting the Conetitution pressed a deatre, in order to provent mit tion and abuse of its powers, that further sory and rastriciive clauses should be added; and asextonding the grounds of public confidence in fhe Government will best, tneure the beneficent ends of ite Constitution, resolved, etc,, that the following articles be proposed," etc, ‘The cave pf Bannow ys, ‘The Mayor and City Counoll of Baltimore (7 Poters, U. S,, 247) was brought before the Supremo Court ofthe United States from the Courtof Ap- poals of Maryland, on the queation that the property of Banuow had been taken by the authorities of tho City of Baltimore without Just compensation to him therefor, and that such taking was contrary to the Fifth Amend- mont to the Fuderal Constitution, which ra. cites that private property shall not bo taken for publio uso without just componsation, Obief-Justica Manauay, in deciding the ase, waid: ‘'The question thus presented is, we think, of Brent importance, but notof much dificalty, The Conatltation was ordained and established by tho people of the United States forthomecives, for their own Government, and not for tho Goverument of tho individual States, Each State established a Constiintion for itsolf and, In that Constitution provided sach Hmitations and reatrictions on the Rowers of lis particular Government as ite jnda- ment dictated. The peoole of the United States framed auch 4 Government for the United States an they supposed best adapted to thelr situation and beat calenlated {to promote thelr {n- torests, The powers thoy conferred on this Govornment were to bo exerciacd by Itself; and the Hmitations on power, if expressed In general torms, are naturally, and wae think necessarily, Appli¢able to the Govoramont created by the in- strumont Iteelf, They are limitations of power granted inthe inatrament Itself, not of: distinct Governments framed by different persons and for diferent purposca,* Farthor on in his opinion, in stating the cirqumstances which gayo rise to those amend- monts, ho uses this emphatic Innguage: “Dut tt 18 universully nnderstood, it je a part of the history of the day, that the great revolation which established the Constitution of the United States was not effected without Immanee opponl- tion, Serious fears wore extensively entertained that these powers which tho patriot statesmen, who then watched over the interests of our coun- try, deemed esrentis! to unfon, and tothe attaln- ment of those invaluable obfecta for which nnion waa songht, might bo oxercised ina manner dan- Rerous to Wborty, In almost every Convention by which the Constution was adopted amendmente to gnard against the abose of power were recom- mended, Theso amendments demanded security against the apprehonded encroachments of the Generhl Government,—not against those of the Jocal Governments. In compliance with a senti- ment thus generally expressed, to quit foare thus extensively entertalned, smendmonta wero'pro- posed by the required majority in Congress, and adopted by tho States. There amendments contain no expression indicating an {ntention to apply them to State Governments, This Court cannot 20 ap- ply them." 3 Tt will be observed tho language hero used refers to and embraces all the ten amond- ments. Inthe case of Twirone, ys. The Com- monwealth (7 Wallaco, 824), whoro the right of a State to pass Iawa in contravention of the Fifth and Sixth Amendments was raised, Ohiof-Justice Onasx quotes at longth from the foregoing opinion, and saya: “Phis judgment has aince been frequently re- iterated, and always withont dissent. . . . In the views thus stated and supported we entirely concur." Theso cases woro dismissed by tho Court for want of jurisdiction, and we havo no doubt such would be the dotermination of any caso taken thoro to tost the constitution- ality of tho Militia Iaw. They certainly show that the purpose which tho enemies of the Militia low claim for this Socond Amend- mont is the vory opposite of that for which the States demanded it, They wore appre. housivo lost the Gencral Government be hold to havo sole authority in the matter of the militia and military, and, unwilling to yield even to 4 doubtful intorpratation on this point, gonght ond seoured o limitation on tho power of the National Government in this particular, and prosorved to them- solves without question the rightto maintain ‘a well-regulated militia,” ond which in their recent struggle they had so certainly found ‘necessary to the scourity of a froo State.” A Trmone reporter interviewed Mr. Sant Gopwaten, President of the Communlet ‘Trades-Council, in regard to the ramored elght- hour strike, as follows: Reporter—‘* What {s your present Intention?” Goldwater—* “Our object this month is simply to prociaim to the world that the end we desire to reach fa the shorten of the hours of Jabar. In other words, wo want tho oight-lour system." Te} arter--** But why do you so strongly do- nd. this?" * * z ™Goldwater—'* Wo, as laboring men, alr, feel itn moral duty incombent upon ue to aco to Jt that our brother Iaborera are supplied with work. ‘Thera fire many out of employment who have nothing or Uttle todo. We want to sce them cared for, and we aro willing lo sacrifice a portion of our Incomes that our brethren may be given employment, for the shortening of the hoors must necessarily en- force Uke employment of mare men to perform the present given amount of labor.” ‘ Mr. Gonpwaren docs not speak for bis anso- clates when he says they are willing to sacrifice’ a portion of their facome for the sake of secur- Ing the eight-hour scale. If the journeymea bad propoged to their employers to reduce their wages in proportion to the reduction of work, the short-hour idea would have bean tried long ago on a pretty large ecdle, Buta reduction of pay to correspond with the reductlon of work has been stendily resisted from the. firat in- ception of the scheme to the present time. Tho demand has been ten hours? pay for eight hours’ work, and the employers havo roplied: “Wo are unable to psy for idle time. When youare earning nothing, nelther are wo; it fa absard for you to ask pay for two hours’ time when you are off attending to your own busiucss; such ademand can novor be complied with, as it would specdily bankrupt evory employer.’? ‘Tho workmen hayo answered: “But we cannot support ouraclyea and familics on 75 per cont of our present wages; while we don’t waot to produc for more than cight hours a day, still we need, and must have, wagea equal to ten hours’ production." “ How can we pay you for ten houra’ production if you only produce for elght hours? Why should we giva you sone- thing for nothing? Why do you demand a gratulty from us of 25 percent! 80 the un- reasonable and impossible demand of the jour noyman bas drifted slong from year to year, and will continue to drift to all eternity, unless the workmen reduce thelr demand to elght hours’ pay for cight hours’ work, Acorrespondent at Mattoon, Ill., writes that the Mayor of that interosting city, Mr. J.B. Bewavist, ts a match for “Our Cartan.” The proof of it lies to the following Fourth of July proclamation: . When, in the course of haoman events (to wit: gaily 4.1776), {t became necessary for ono people to dissolve the political banda which bad connected them with another, and to araumo among the powers of the carth the scparate and equal station to wich the Iawa of Nature and of Nature's Gop entitied thom, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind required that they declare the causes which impelled them to the ‘weparation, And when that brave and Iiberty-luving people set forth those acta of Seprounian of which they complained in writing so plain that no tyraut of monarch on earth could misunderatund tuum, and with a sube lime courage hurted them im the teeth of thelr oppressurs ond then flow to arma, and at the point of the payonot achleved thelr liberty, and pon the {reo soll of Ainorica erected a Governmont at onco the admiration of the world and the asylum of the oppressed of earth, and turuugh that Govern: ment transmitted to ue the inestimable boon of Ivesty, it becomes us, worthy sone of worthy sires, ins this, the one hundred and third anulversary of that immortal deod of ourancestura, to lay down. our implements of toll aud industry, and for ane day reat from all Invor, and, sasombline oursolvos together, forgetting all ulwe than that we are broth. era, sone of that immortal band through whose Uiood acd beroiem we ore freannd bapny citizens of the best Goverument ofcarth, joln Our hearta in adoratlon and our voices in aungs Of Joy, and to. goth raise about which sual catse the Kings and yranla of earthto fearand tremble! Hip! Hip! Thecorreapondent adds: “Don't you wantto buy him, and makea team’? i ——__ One reason given for the Germans leaving the Republican party and joining the Boclalists ts that SypNay Myers absorbed the deposits of the Beehive Bank elzhtoen months ago and the Republican party bas not puntshed him! Tho Republican party can't be held responsible for Mu, Mrzns' politics; ho did not belong to thelr political church. He was originatly a Democrat and-then he joined the Greenback Fiatists, and still belonged to them whou last heard from, ‘The Bocialists will haye to look to the Fiatlsts. Let them call on Judge Frou, Joun F, Soan- LON, Aborais STEMPEL aud other Habte of that Rascous organization, MMyrxus practiced the flat doctrine of bauking on the ‘faith and ro- sources of the Natlon.” And all his followers need to do fs to havo faith that bis bauk is sound and solycut, and go on depositing their money in his Beehive. Cuanence Kina, Director of tho Consolidated Burvey, bas proposed to Secretary ScHumZ & division of the work in the Torritorles between himself in cbargo of a corps of mining engiucers and tho Superintendent of tho Coast Surrey at the head of the topograohical work. A Wash- lngton correspondent says in regard to this Droposllion: * Hecretary Scnuny, while not unfavorable to the plan, expreenca some doubt as to his authority to make the proponed transfer. as the law places thers aurvoys under direction of the Interior Department, and makes the Secretary reaponalble. Ifo raya the conat eurvey being under the wirection of the Secratary of the ‘Treasury, have to aathority over the inland sarve character, Me. Kino, tn making ther tions, desires to ba relieved of the dotalis of topo- Rraphical work in order that he may devote his at- tention principally to the develonment of the min- ing resources of the country throngh. An oxact eure vey and geological inquiry {nto the extent and tichness of the preclons motal-bearing regione of the Western country. ‘The Secretary should watch this survey care- fully. ‘fhe Acadamy of Sciencas, as {t doas not foot the bills, should not be permitted to carry ‘on operations on too extensive a acale. a Gxonan H, ANNOLD, Dewocratic Assambly- man from Cortlandt County, N. Y., has avowed, his intention of returping to the Republican party, with which he once acted. He wasa Union soldier, and tho Confederate Congress was top much for him. The Now York Tribune eayst © * If Br. Anxoxn wers a man of noor repute, or had been disappointed in seeking ofico, the inct- dent would not be worth mentioning. But his high character, and the fact that he has had office and conld have it again at the hands of the Demor crate, give this real conversion great significance, : — he wonld ‘then if this PROs> ‘The Hon, T. D. Tracnsén, editor of the Law- rence Journal, delivered a thoughtful address bofore tho Editors’ and Publishers’ Association of Kansas, June 12, on “The Mission of the Presa,” which we see isdeservedly praised by the editorial fraternity in that State, Tho ‘Topeka Commonuealth enys: “Whother a8 speaker or writer, Mr. Taacttzn hos fow equals in Kane ens.’ * ” rey We observe that the firm of Howsts.& Cnare, which publishes the excellent Gate-City of Keo- kuk, has beon strongthened by the admission of another Huwktt,—Jnase B..—who has tor sey eral years been buriness manager of the paper, and will continues tobe so. Tho younger Mr. Howe has done much to bring the paper to its presont prosperous condition, : << To the Editor of the Sun—Sin: In proportion to their numbers, many more whites than negroes are availing themselves of the sdvantages which the Western States and Territories offer. Bat we do not hear mach of the white exodus. 5 Cavcastan, Because nobody is trying to prevent the white exodus, ao J. F. Epwanps, the last Boston forger, who has gone about $80,000 to the bad, had most re+ spectable connections. They ratscd $40,000 to help him out, and {t was onty when they discoy- ered twice this smount could be recovered, that the attempts to hush the matter up wero aban- doned. 2 ———— Goy. Pintspurr is a cundidate for ro-clec tion In Minuessota, and Goy, Suita in Wiscons alm. Ramezy in Minnesota and Lupratox in Wiscotsin—former Governors—wouldn't object to taking the officeagain. Itscems to be better worth while tobe Guvernor now than in war times. : ee Senator Fanvxy fs said to be much discour- aged by the disintegration of his party in Cale fornia. The Democrats seem hopelessly in the minority, and, unless there is sn unforeseen change between now and election day, thoy will be a bad third in the race, oo A London physician writes to the Herald: to inquire why American cream cannot bo shipped toEurope. He says there would be a good market for it. If this is so, it ought to bo possible easily to arrange the shipment in scaled cans, a The Confederates of course toro anzious to getoutof Washington before the Fourth of duly. The National holiday has no significance ‘for them, and they would rather not be in tha National Capital when it te colobrated. <<< ‘There has been no sale of “nigger-chasers** in thé South this year, It seems to be goner~ ally agreed down there that the niggers’? don't need any moro chasing, They seemed dlsposed to run without it. ‘Tho Sun says President Harms’ lest “impu- | tations’? would not be tolerated by any Cons grces possessed of courage and o sense of duty. ‘Tho Sun evidently docan't think of the Demo~ cratic Cougress. ee It is enfd that Mr. Dana's paper will declaro 8 secoud dividend. of U0 por cent this year, making 60 per cent in all, ona par valuation of $850,000, It evidently pays to call names in New York. + a Miss Lruriz Dusn, who was lately on trial for the murder of her school-friond, has written a, romance. I¢ Miss Dun bas sense enough to write a good romance, sho ought to be hanged for murder. 2 —> ‘ Tha London Times anys that the Quartermas- ter-General violated orders in sending tho Princo Imporlal out on a hazardous expedition, and it {6 probable there will be a court-martial. a * Cuastins Cox, woo killed Mrs, ilo and confessed the crime, has entered aplon of not guilty, Why should not confessions count for something in lawt a ‘The Chineso inCanton announced Gon, Grant. ae the King of America.” ‘Chis was very rock: | less for Chinamen, a A Smoke-Consumers? Leaguo has beon organ’ fred in Clocinnati, Nocity should be without one, ro PERSONALS, ‘To tha Khodive: Please pay that dollad. you awo ua, Z , To England: Come and help us celebrate, “All will bo forgiven, ‘ Congress is gone, but not, O! not forover, And that Ja why wo areaad, Mr. Dans has started for Europe, and now whore will Europo start for? ; Tho Fourth of July ia a groat day, but on the wholo we profor tho bth. . Truth is so mighty thnt the prudent citizen of Lonisiana always keopa out of its way . * Anow novol is entitled How. Did I Got At?" Wedon't know, Probably you stole it, Tho North Pole might as well come ont and glye himsolf up, Jim Bonnett 1s after him in, earnest. Mr, E. B, Washburno has gone to spend the: summer at tho old Wasbburne realdence, at New Livermore, Me. 2. 2 . Tho Now York Jierald advison Senator Lo. | An to cut his har, cvidentty wishing to bayo him ; ‘whore its short, + z Cotewayo is anxious for peace, probably’ © being disgueted with o war in which he bas to de. ail the Gghting. i ‘This is the day wo celebrate, It is also the dey wo ges our fingers blown off and our faces blown full of powder, - Aa Br, Cox is a colored gentleman, :the; poticemen of New York can uso thelr clubs t9 good | effect only on hia shine, Proctor Knott will visit Daluth this som mer, Pat Donen's apecch on Dalath once made Mr, Knott quite femous, ‘ Aman in Colorado has dreamed threo times that Gov, McClellan is to be the next Presidcat, We can already hear the Governor begin to boom, Women missionaries are at work in Geor-° gla, and are sald to have madc many converts, Their success would be tromendous if they could reclaim Men I. Mrv, Jonnio Bmith, of Now Jorsoy, ‘3 of the opinion thata rope around the nock 1 no part of a tastofal Indy's toilet, and that stretching the nock (s vulgar as well as palnful, The Detroit Free J'ress contemplates an futention to make overcoat battons of allced, gneumbers, Some of the buttons, however. would™ be rather too closctotheetomach, =f i } ?