Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 1, 1879, Page 9

“LITERATURE. | LITE e r's “ Origin and Growth of luullllc:’ligion »...Joseph Cook’s S Heredity.” S 0 How to horry's ' Health and » Proymobe Tt "-—Hill's Tife of Irving. Dr. Golkie's “English Reforma- ‘tion ?~Prof. Swing’s © Mo- tives of Lifo.” wThe Portfolio "===Literary Notes .»-Art Notes---Sparks of Science. . LITERATURE. - GIN AND/GROWTII OF RE~ B ORIGIN 4 a1 N. 18! peven of theso extremely thought. h‘{h::?ll;%flomphlcnl lectures, t'rof. Muller 4s out withh wThe Percention of the Infinite ¥ “],Mpmlng theme. Ho maintains the posl- :['M that ol thought{ul porsons have an idea of the Infinlte, which, ha thinks, grows up by mtoral contrast from the knowledgo of the foite. Hfo thus agrees in bis result with the {staitionsl philosophiers, although Lis path is diderent from thelrs. Lle deema 1t impossible to [sfactory definition of religion, for fi‘:’:x’m‘:“um religion has been, and still {s, sulog through an historleal ovolution, He :ul formetly spoken of relfgion, subjectively considered, 8 tq mental faculty which cnables piatospprediend the inflnite under different pimed and under varging disguises.”” This defl- aition ho would now modily, at least so far as e word *faculty " {5 concerned. Religlon he rds 08 o mystery, yet o reality. 1t belongs, ,’:’;mne form, to the peoplo of all nations and 15y, and bus & foundation fu the thought and geodlbllity of mankind. ‘The pereeption of the phalte s well nigh universal. In the scc- wd chapter Trof. Muller discussca the cestlon, “fs Fetichlsm o Primitive Form of Religion? " and arrives at & negatlve con- clusion, Ho docs not flnd ovidenco that the religion. of any tribo of Africa fs puro fotich. {sm, and ot the samo timo ho belleves that {bera 18 no-religlon cmlm\l{y free from fetich- L. Ho thinks that the Western Alricans, be- tod their fetichism, hido a profounder idea of ssuperior power, Ho rejects ns unproved the roition that all the religlons of the world e~ n fo fetichism, Prof. Muller then procceds 1o fovestigate the roligion of India, which lia wkoowledges mny have grown up by n procesa wmewbat differcnt from that of some other teliziops. He compares with the rellgious idens of the Hindoos thoso of Judalsm, Zoroastrian- {sm, ete.Ho finds what he rezards os evidonce of growth and decay in tho religion of the Old Testament, and sugreats that it was orizinally s form of ldolnlry. But hia vroofs of this po- dion seem to us quite fnsuilicient. Hoat- tempts to account for the development of the Hindoo relizion on_the assumption that it has been derived wholly from the moral cravinus and the reflectlon of that thinking people, He seems to question the reality of ‘an original rerelation to maukind. But atilt ho' thinks b vopbilosophical to deuy that there must be tome common ond stable cause for the univer- ality of relimion, Tha working . of this cause Lt endeavors to trace fn the Hindoo mind. And bers he conelders *“The worship of tanpible, semMangible, und intangible objects,’” Under thebead of **The {deas of infinity and faw,” ho thowsthat the Hindoosa had a god whom they tilled "“The Infinite,”’—Adltl, This Adit! was ot amodern deity. 'The natural origin of Adifi befinda fn the sicgeativencss of the dawn in theesstern sky, which afforded a sort of gate- ¥y to the infinite sourc of Heht and be- Ing. Darkncss and Bin wore closely related Heas, Then the tden of the cast aa the home of the bright gods—the immortals—was casily usoclated with the notlon that the departed or blessed amoug men havo joined the company of the gods, and are, lko them, immortal, Fur- ther'on Prof. Muller considers lenothelsm, Polythelsm, Monothelsm, and Athelsm. The fnihe regards ns the primitivo form of the teliglous fdea fn India. Henothelsm was the -nnmfhol singlo objcets that wero thought to brlug the invisiblo and the fuflnite near to —~devas, or -bright belngs, such as the sun, the sky, cte. ~Then followed Polythelsm ceeded by'a tendency to Monotheism, un slterwards to Atheism. 'Tho igher Athelam vastather doubt than vulvar disbeliof. Tho clmhuii chapter on **‘The Philosophy of Relig- ln™ Is n_nighly sugpestive dlscussion of thio fi‘lzlllggn between philosophical thought and Prof, Muller's phitosophy of languago affects deeply Lis philosophy of religion. Ifo traces the progress of rellgwus [deas through changes Inthe usea of words, 1f there §s one word that I express what wa deem Iiis most serious de- feet, . should sny his philosophy of relizion fs 100 ‘ogical,—not sufliclently “nsychological, Bub thls series of Jectures is exceo ngly valu. able to the theologian, the philosopher, und tho student of language. (*'The Origin and Growth ?‘lmlle,l'mem : ‘:s lg“']_'ér";fd ’P ‘tllm %f"f"’;':v of cetures by I, Max Muller, M. A. Now York: Charles Beribner's Sous.) HOSTON MONDAY LICTURES. Auother volumo of the lecturcs delivered by Joseph Cook in Tromont Temple, Boston, on Yonlay mornings, has been fssucd. Theso lestures bavo been continued sfuco the fall of 1575, They azo still attended by large audi- foces, composed of the most {utellcctual and Ygbly educated men and women {a the Athens of America, Joseph Cook i o peculiar—n somewhat eccentric~person. But e must ac- rd to him transcendent abilities und no mean Gradties for philosophical analyels and forelbla s ton, 1t Lo ls not alwnys convincing, lie least awakening, - Wier ning, often powerfully jm. ’lflxu prelades to tho locturcs, In tha volumo WUre us, aro devoted to varlous subjecta: Py ools for tha Amerlean JIndiou''j "A. Future Bt Amerlcon Toctry '3 “ln Amerlean Auglican Attlance '3 N‘l Death Discmbodiinent™ % Sehoberlein um‘r:dmormllty"; “Financial ITereafes in the s Btates™; ¥ Agricultural Colontzation of b, ‘nemuloyed 174 % 8kopticlsm fn Collegoa; ¢ Elborfeld Plan of Poor-Rellat’"; *'Tho :«r and the Greater Eastern Quostion,” o cfl: toples, whieh have o discoverabla con- oy H‘uh the lectures by which they are sev- B { llowed, aro discussed with the speaker’s 221 610 and forciblo rhietarie, “m;:im ot tho ten lectures s dovoted to tho Gregun Ly Hereaitary Doscent in Anclent Wr:et‘h Mr. Cook belloves and acems to s At thero wero wore great men—states. Vg COmmanders, - pocts, nrchitects, oy :'!llfl artists, historians und orators— inm. “mln Attlon alone, within the 200 years Earopg wiiy, 09 By Gy than uppeared In all it thin the 2,000 years following. Cor- ’Mnu‘]”' true if wo Hinit Ly the proportion o ‘nllun. Attlea had ouly about 90,000 ATyt She Mt class, wnd 1ss than 550,000 of grest UL i process of timo the production lirgely “;BH declined, &8 My, Coole thinks, toges 4 thy result of the Interminglingof hot- 10 g ‘:"lemcnu with the botter population, “hnd.f“’m lecture, Muudaicy’s discusaion In this )y 2y descent s reviowed nnd criticised, aang; b:.lum Mr, Uook shows that cxperiouce Meay 35 hm“ origiu of the miud’s primary ez gy, elicts; nud, therefore, that theso by the lmc‘ flrat sequired and then' transmitted hig u'-“ beredity, Al the world In every bug/ngg yatth B3 been acvustomed to see the B0 ey 1y OIS 10 tho cast, and yot thera {8 € conyior] of bellef created' ns would forbld v pod that the sun might riss in the Ievergeq,” JOIATY mation of the carth shiould be Tt geyp ooy b 18 inconcolvable that the uni~ e ohyoaiident truths of the Intollect und for ‘exqpontt hould be thus easily set asido,— trigeblo: the doctrine that two paralel Unlyery, "ot 10 80y untraversed realm of tho Y g g l““hl loclose a portion of space, or nagy ‘eB0ud be lght anywhere to be malize nuw“'fmlh- In thls discussion Mr, C. "“llmum'“ orzanic matter yrows by select- ouly” o 4000 while fuorgante matter increases 0 by ‘lu'r:uun. And fo this connece m Utwers Maudsloy's famous argu- Lring gy, Ikerlalism, {rom cthe fact tiat n‘;’d"lomlnzrf.“,’;'v aa, hcrefore, that the % s fact, Maudsley con- oves that the yial {orca 1s gooerated by material laws, otherwine it would not incroasa ith tho process of growth. Mr, Cook dofincs Hle 88 the co-ordinaling power by which living Atructures oro formod, nnd denies that there s any evidence that this co-ondinating power {8 any greater [ the crowth of the Hylng subject than in the original verm. This definition” of **I1fa nn tha co-ordinating power by which the muovements of gerininal inatler are dirccted,” relleves the ?Inl)usophy of llifo us immaterlal, of many diflleuliios. Jutho third lecturo ft fs argued that *Neces- sary lellefs ars Inherent in the plan of the soul” And here Mr, Cook enduavors to show that *The necessary beliefs of the intelleet und consclence are as indepeudent of the structure wnid environment of the co-ord{nated organism ne o causo Is of Its cffect.” Next (in Lecture Fourth), Mr. Darwin's theory of **I'avgeneais " I8 eritlelsod, and shown to Do not only without pruof, but fusuflicient to necount for the phe- pomena of the co-ordination of the movements that take place In the production of ko from Hke, v also onposes to this theory the opin- fons of such profuund waturalists “as Lionol enle. Leeturo Fifth {s occupied with s critfelsm of Darwin on the Origin of Consclence, flero Mr. Cook nfllems that ** What ancestors do not pos- sess, offapring cannot inherit.”! in the sixth lecture, on * Unlikeness In Orzanistms,”* Mr. C. showa that the throries of Hackel, Bponcer, and Darwin do not ‘‘nccount for man's scuso of unity and {dentty," and that there aro *Innate tendencles not derived froin our cnvironment ™4 “primary bellefs, intelicctual, cthleal, and cs- llu.l ‘n’euuahulcd by the original plan of the soul.! In Lecture Beven, Mr, Conk considers and indorses, in the maln, the theory of Lotze on the unfon of soul and body, and "discusecs the two-fold identity of parent and offspring. In the latter lecture ho saya: “It {8 not physical samencs3 which accounts for tho lkeness of THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: BATURDAY- MARCH 1, "Fho book would have ealned fn poine amd com- orossion It one chapter had been devoted to Irving's carcer ns n diplomatist, anotler to bis methous of lterary work, another to his home- 1ife, another to his reatdenca at tho Alhambra, and soon. ‘Tho advantagcof this vlanin a ““monograph''—nswe supposo this book will ho called—may he. scen In the last fow chapters, wheraProf. L1111 ventures upon somegeneraliza- tions, This part of tho bouk {s noteworthy for candid eriticlsm and full appreclation of the subject. M Wo nre glad to seo that Prof, Hill realizes (he ndebtedncss of Ieving to, Goldsmith, and the many voints of rescimbianco between them. Lotli hadcommand of Ui purest, iost graceful, und appropriato stvie in our literaturej both were T‘IIL-I. humortsta; both were bad speakers in publie, nud both were gentle und lovable wen _in _private, Totlh, wo are tempted to ndd, wore flagrant book-makers; but Goll- smith sinned, on the whole, less fn this respect than Irving did, Goldamith ‘Teft. soino . works that, on thelr intrlusle merits, will outlast uuy- tuing that Trving produced, Buc we ns Amerd- cang ara under peculiar obligations to Irving, Io was the Father of our Literature; und It s well, on that account, thnt his nume was Wash- ington, and thut his most careful und valusble book was n blography of thu great and grood wman from whon lio Yook lls name. Irving to this day retains a lareer shars of the admiration and eateem of his countrymen than any othier lterary mou. His biugraphv by Prof. Hill, in spite ©of ita small defocts, Lias considersblo nicrlts, It should find many ronders, uimd it will serve an excellent purpose if it sends soma of them to Washington Lrvine's complete works for entertainment und fostruction. (** American Authors’ Berles! Washington frving, By Yrof. David J, Hill, New York: Sheldon & Co. child to parent, but the samencss of tho co-or-| $1.) dinating power,"—tho life. The ninth lecture is specially Intoresting. The subjectis, “*Seven Priucipnl Laws of Herodity." "Th tenth lecture dlscusses **tho descent of bnd traits and cood.” Under theso heads tho Jaw of monogamy is shown to be a natural as well a8 o moral ono, am! the intermingting of superlor and inferlor rages Is consldered. ‘The voluma bufore us 18 highly {nstructive, whether its positions are accepted or rejected. ‘Lhe questions discussed nre full of interest to all thioking minds. (* Heredity.” \Vith Pre. ludes on Current Livents. Boston: Ilnu\ghmu, Osguod & Co. I'rice, $1.50.) . W. P NEALTH, AND %O‘V TO PROMOTE The problem of the care of the heallh has many dlfferent solutions. It would be difficult to find many physicians who would agreo on any one mothod of promoting 'ihe physleal condition of man. The phrenologist, the doctor Homcopathie, the doctor Allopatbie, the practlcal geleotiat, and in fact most rrofessional men, and most men gencrally, have pet hob- bles for right physical Ilving; aud cach wifl often polnt to the danger, if not the fatal mls- take, of pursuing any other method than his own, Every man must have something of o knowledze of hls, own geculiar make-up, the machiuery that runs his constitution fu order successfully to ward off common discasce, With such o koowledge ho s mnot llable to adopt at onco the suggestions of cven the emt- neut speclalists who nre suppoged to know of o certalnty the constitutional defects of {ndividu- als and the correct micthods of treatment, There are a class of persons, howaever, lko the feo-cake of the oceam,.drifting from place to place, who go from one cxtremo to anotber, de- Dbilitating thelr constitutions with continual dosing of mediclues, or by undue heed to the flaming announcements of quacks, It secins to bo witn this view in mind " that Dr, McShefry repared the present volume. “llyi;[cu pub- fe and private, has beecome, of " late years, one of the most lmportunt elements of modern clviMzation. .~ . . The life of overy .man, woman, and child ougnt to Lo guided und governed by its luws, Thia being 8o, the subject ought to bo presented aud agl- tated {n muny forms, so that its iwmportance sbatl ba overywhere appreciated.” Dre, Me- Bherry fs well known as o trayeler and an ob- servers in fact, s he nimsctl says: **The prin- clples advocated have been, to n great extent, put in practice in the personnl experlence of the writer fu varlous parts of thae world, and under many viclssitudes, and ho has found themn to bo not vaguo theorivs, but practical truths of the groatest fmportance.” Boma of these “truths’ ure more wurthy of rlnco lero than ooy com- ments on_them could possibly be. He'quotes Dr. B. W. Richardson as-saylng that the normal life should couslst of thirty years to at- taining physical nud mental maturity; thirty to dwelling on n‘rlmm in full. posacesion of his best faculties; and thirty for a gentlo decline, so that at 00, his mortal eureer ended, he shall re- turn to carth.”” This opinlon 18 bosed ou the iden that, by right living und application of the laws of health, man s ‘entitled, “even in this degenerate npe,’? to ninoty years of life, ho author has s practical word to offer cou- cerning the education of youth: "*‘Patcuts aud tenchers are anxious to push pupils to higher studies, prepared or not prepared. They ptsh the precoclous puplls shead, nud let others fol- low ns they may, The bright ones, overbright perbaps, are alwiys vxhibited to examiners s spocimens. But it Is a common remark, *‘That tgucmmhtoobrlzm to live long?; . . . . sometimes, we must fear, the precocity is the cause of the carly death,” o hasalso n word for college students on “eramuming.” 4 [{ tho cramming process must be uodergone, let it not beglu betore the child has reached the sccond step of the ladder, or 14 years, The clder Dis- raoli, fndeed, says there 18 no good study beforo 20, and doubticsa the best {8 done much atter that time, A book of clever Freuch carleatures, ‘Lo Diablc a Parie,’ exhiblts ons row of stu- dents whoso heads ere-emerging through thelr desks, heads thrown, and” mouths wlde open, In cach @ which s a fun- nel, and luto ovoery fuopmel a Pro- fessor is forelng not, une, but many forms of Jearning—Latin, Greek, Hebrew, moral und natural philosophy, bel(ra<l'¢!tru, fine arts, and polytechnics of all sorts. The artist shows tha_modern process of cramming, but docs not tell us how such ineals are to be di- gested.)” The notes on co-education are a mut- ter of oplulon uid also of fuct. It seoms as it co-cducation had not beon sufliciently tested as yet to warrant positivo remarks azofnst it such us Dr. McSherry mukes. o eaya: “Dr. Clarke made inquirics of some of the Professora in ‘Western collegos, whero co-education of sexes s adopted, a8 to fts workinzs, Some of these gentlemen replied candidly thut this exper:- ment wos ‘futelicctually o “success, physically o fallure,) ‘Tho oxporimeut, them,” s o fallure, us evory lvmivnlst would supposs beforehand.” It undoubtedly is o fallure, and at the spmo thne o success, Some of the youngr ladies are physieally weakencd by taborious study, but how touch better that sounds than that the yonng men form dissolute habits which wreek thewmn for life. Dr. Clarke (author of “8ex In Education ) could nothave Interviewed any one vonnected with the Northwestern Unl- veralty at Evanston, 111, Hero 100 young ladies aunusily seck an education and retiro with all that {s signilicant 1n the words *intellectually n suceess,” No ovidences of bclnzi physieally weakened by laborlous study or ' retalfation upon tho student with weakncss and discaso of n;llud ss of body,"” bavo ns yet bLeen discovered thore. A word concorning Willlam Cullen Dryant, who died st the advanced ngo of 84, s the re- sult of an accident without tie usual infirmitics of old age, nnd with strength mul activity, will be of Interest here: **Mr. Bryant, one of the most Intellectunl men of tho ate, philosophier,—rose always;witn or before tha sun, and gave au hour to phfiulcnl exurclso of a very moderatokind, . . . o tooka morning bath, In the country hewould exorclso by golug out to prune his trees or ongaga in somo_useful work on lis furm, {13 breakfust was of nominy und milk, with a little fruit, or something equally simple. Aftor breakiast u short thno wuas de- voted to study in his lbrary, and then a walk of thrco miles the office of tha Evening Post, Alter threo boura at the ofllee ho would walk homie, no matter what the stats of the weather, 11 would take un carly diuner, eating vegetablcs freely and meat ot that meal only. o would eat fralt ot oll times. After thils repaet no soyere mental la- hor or tasking tho_Jaculties then excltea the nervous system and {)ru\'enu sound slcep. lle went to hed about 10 o'elock. *Aly driuk,’ ho saya, ¢1s water, though Lrarcly take a lass of wine, Iam a natural temperance man, finding myselt rather confused than exhllarated by wine. I'nover medale with tobaceo except to quarrel with its use,'? The work I8 rich with intoresting materlal. Heaith and Ilow to Promote It, By Richard cSherry, M, I, Professor of the I'ractico of Medlclag, Unlyeratty of llarrluml. President of Baltimoro Academy of Medicine, New York; D. Appleten & Co.” $1,25. 1870.) W, 1L, B, WASHINGTON IRVING, “We canaot think that Prof. I1ilVs short lifo ot Washiogton Irving is altogether what ft ought to be, Though written well, 2o far as style goes, it wants good arraugement and due proportions, Chronulogical sequeuce may be ‘the'most usetul plan fu s complete blography, but it s not so in e short sketch. It does nut enable usto seo clearly thu different kinds of life that Washington Irving led, Beside, it tempts tho author {nto wunecessary detalls, THE ENGLISII BEFORMATION, Prof, Uelkie's *Lnglish Reformation® s | written with o purpose. It 16 desizued to show that * 'Thie Reformation from first 1o lastdid not emanata from the clergy, bLut was forced on them " (p. 200), In his preface the outhor con- fessca frankly his enmity to sacerdotullsm, * or the grafting of priestly pretensions on the sunpla spliritual teachings of the Bivle.” *t Sacerdatalism,” ho says further on, “fs n mero worldly growth on religion by which castes 0 all ages hnve sought to bring mankind to its feet, It s common to every ereed, and {8 as old 08 human ambition. It scoks, through men's splritunl fears, to erect in Christlanity an cecle- sfastlcal despotism "before which oll that s dearest to us fn modern llberty shall be re- Morselesaly erushed, Beginning with the individ- ual, It alms ot making him the trembling slave o * the Church,'—that 1s, of ihe Individual priest; fuvaalng soclal life, It thrusts itsclf into the Banctity of tho family, and breaks it up into units, each of whom s required to Letray the other to Its confessor; assuiling even our polit- feal Mife, it vploty Iucessantly to gain such an ascendency a8 to eunblo It to restrict our most cherished MNbertles, where it canuot destroy them, ‘Thus it 18 not o8 o form of relizious bellef that Prot- cstants resolutely oppose Romanfsm, and {ts counterfelt in the Eptscopal Communion, hut ns an ceclesiastieal conspiracy to rales the priest to poser, ut once over our souls, our houscholds, nud our country. "That this s the stplo fact Is attested by all history. ‘The witnuss of post ages n Eugtand will bo found in the following pages: g of the present Burrounds ue,” Prof. Getkle wages special war on the doctring of the Apostotic Succession, which he says is the root of theovilof Rituallsm. “To stop Ritunlism the ono suro step i to challenzo this zruss conception knowu as A postolic Suveession. 0 one can liold jo and bo logleally o Protestant, e Is In open schism, {f not under (he head of thut succession—the Pope.” 1n the body of the listory, the anthor traces with much poiver the influence of the famous Six Articles on Englleh Protestantism fn the sixteonth century, Houry's personal und private rveasuns for” breakfng with the Popo arc fuily welghed, bit the author Judmes that they would not have been suflicient, uniess backed up by public opinion, to bring about such great results as followed. Quecn Mary's persccutions ara perhaps too fully de- seribed. The history fs, indeed, opon to the criticlem that it gacs’into detalls more than is necessary to eatnblish the writer’s main propo- ‘sitfon}; and it cannot be supposed that, nside from its partiesn oflcct, it can huve permonent valug o3 history. But, in other respects, Prof, Gulkie'a ** [istory »’ Is dignified, learned, und re- spectable. As n Low Churchman's view of the English Reformation it will be widely read and esteemed. © (“*The English Reformntion: Iow 1t Came About and Why Wa Should Uphold 1t llf Cunnlnglinm Gelkie, 1, D, authorof *The Lifo and Words of Clirlst,” New York: D, Appleton & Co, $2.) SWING’S “MOTIVES OF LIFE.” Bix cesays by Prof, Swiug bave been collected and printed in a volumo entitled ¢ Motives of Life.," The subjects of the essays are * Intel- cetunl Progress,” " Home,” % A Good Nawe," “The Pursult of Happiness,” * Beaevolence," and ‘“Religlon.” In a prefatory note the author eays: “Dy tho title *Motives ot Lite, not all motives aro lmplied, The things which movo mon, and should move them, are not so casily counted, The speoch over them caunot bo condensed Into n small volume, . I bring ‘hers from the fnner und outer worlls o fow rominders of great duties and rewards.” ‘There will bardly be any dispute ns to Prof, Bwinyg'a good qualitics ns on essaylst, 1lls delleate and setive fmagima- tlon, his culttvated mind, bis commund of Ian- guago, all {lt htin for such worls, Ilo has somso of the Emersonian frecdom awd ecorn of con- ventionalitive, and the oootical-prose style which hos endeared many suceessiul imoginative writers to the people fa s in o blzh degroe, Though for many purposes less than the best style, it Ia cuptivating In Heht essays, and often’ filustrates subjects in an atractive manner, Turning over these pages Jightly,~for somy of them have familfar words on them,—we find the Professor expressing, or scarcely conceallng, dis- truat of nmietaphysiclans and philosovhers, This was perhaps charneterlatic, anl to be expected ; but it §s dangeroas teaching. If philosophy und metaphysies had not fixed the bearings of liter- ary en, essayists, und preachors, It would bo impossiblo tor them to wove the peovle with such power and egse as they do. It should bua gettled proposition that the human mind ean bu better used when jta contents are known and clnssified, and {ts copacity mensured, than when they are not, The casay on Howe fs, perhaps the hest 1 the presont volume, Haw poetieal and wise, for instance, nre the words ghout marriago: “The Homo s not n unlversal neces- sity, and fo marrfuge is not thy destlny of all, o o o God's worldd has few laws thut lave no exceptions. All must die; all must breathennd ent; but svon the’ word ‘must? with. druws §ta despotlsiy, and the milder refgn - of ‘may! nssumos the throne. Beautiful often aro thoss homes whers the son or the daughter, or the gons und daughters, Jive on in the parental house, hielping the loved porents gently along the Yost yeara of thls world, and where tho orange-blossomas never nt last come.” ‘The Professor 18 In this volume even more ome than {n his pulpit, and hoero, havplly, no mun will come to attack his theol- ozyor {mpugn the pgoodnoss of his motive *CMotlvesof Life.” Ty David Swing, Clicago? ansan, McClurg & Co, 81.) THE PORTFOLIO, ‘The frontispleco of tha Februnry numberof tho Porifvlia Is an octehlng after Alina Tademats * Bunflower,? To this Mr. Hamerton addsa gracoful little notleo mn tho text. “Ihe strange- neag of the picture,” lio says, ' s due chielly to fts . great hight In proportion to its width, and after that to the peeullarity of the altitude. ‘he wholo purpose of tho pleture (If wa leave out its arranzement of color) ls to nako the spectator feel the bight of the plant. ‘Ihe lady {8 thero for o standard to mcasuro by, ond the'atep below gives additional lactitious hight both to LerselC unl the sunflowers,” Then Mr, ITumcerton gives o parograph to the history of suntlowers, sud the origln of the name, and anotber to filnku'p poem of two stanzos on “The Sunllower 3 Ali! suntlower! woary of timo, Who counteat the ateps of the sun, Secking alter that swuet, goldon primy ‘Where the traveler's joutnoy is dony, ‘The second of thu series of articles onOxford s printed i this vumber, with au otchlug; Mary M, Heaton contributes o paper on okl Johi Crome; a photogravure of the Ruth und Naom{ of Miss E. J, Gardinor (the American ortist {n Paris) 18 reproduced, and the department of art-newa s unusually full, inceresting, und well writteu, -(Now Yorks . W, Boutou, Price, 81.) —— PARADOXICAL PHILOSOPRY, “Paradoxical Philosopby, a Sequel to ¢The Unseen Unlverse,’ " is a volume by on unknown autkor, written after the . Platonls model, but with a someihat lighter and froer handllog of philpsoplical {subjects, and with spoclal refer- enco to modern speculation, literature, and pol- itics, The debaters, we are {nformed, are real persons, and the debate Is In the maln gennloe. ‘There is of coursv & yery marked resemblance oetween this undertaking aud thus of Mallock in <*Thp New Repnblic!; but this fact will com- mend [t to publle notlee. **The Paradoxical Bocfety,” aceording to the editor's preface, **is ureal aand Uving powery well known far heyonid Ita membersbin.” We shall nerhaps roturii to Lhis yolume at another tim Paradozical Pliflosophy, a Bequel to the L{H‘)E'hjlll and New York: Macmilian & Co. Price, 7. THE LAW OF TXTRADIUTION. In 187 Dr, 8pear published n ecries of articles In the Albany Law Journal, dlscussing tha law s it then cxisted on tho subjoct of extradition treatles, Those articles have just heen collected nnd published, with somne additions, fn book form. 'They wera called vut by the discussions between our Govermment and that of England over the Winslow case, and as magazine artlcles were no doubt hoth Interosting und Instructive. But when cmbalined in a sheepskin buclal-case, and read after the heat of the controversy is ovel, they scem very dlecurstve and unsatls- factory. The author dlscusscs two princinal points; first, that n Government i not bourd by any priuciples of unatlonal or internationnt law to deliver up a forelgn eriminal who may be within its jurlsdiction; and, sceond, that when extradition treatics provide for the surrender of fugitives from justice, such fugitive sbull, when surrendered, be itried ouly for the epceific crlmg for - the comunlssion of which he was arrested, This, Inst question was the principal subject of discussion in the Winslow case, the British Mine taters holding the afifrmutive and Seerctary Fish the negative. Dr. 8pear glves the greater part of his worl to showing 1he fallacy of Mr, Fish's vlews, und _his srguments, though exceedingly verboso aud tautologieal, show an_extensive ac- qualutance with al) the adjudicated cases on the subject. On the whole, the work is only to be contldered aa n paertial futroduction fo this braneh of the Jaw, 'The author is neither logleal nor historfeal n his treatment of hils subject, and hu disensses {6 rather ns un ndyoeato seek- fur to upliold nis point thau as s Impartial writer. This woula not ho #o oblectionable In a series ol magazine articles pot sfming to coyer the whole ground, but when those artictes are collected and diznified with the title of “The Law of Extradition. International aml State,” thu reader Is apt to feel hie has been dm- posed on by falsu representution he Law of Extradition, International und State, with an appendix, contatning theExtradition Treatics and Lawsof the UnitedStates,Severnl Sectiona of the English Extraditfon Act of 3370, and Extradition Hegulntions and Forms,” By Samuel T. Spear, D.”D. Albuny: Weed, Parsons & Co. 8vo., e 448.) DRIfiF NOTICES. “Bpiritual Manifestations” fa the titlo of a hook resembling In some respeets Dr. Clarke’s “Visions," but covering n much wider fleld, It treats of ‘Planchette, Eecand Sleht, Primeval Bpiritualism, Remarkable Conversions, The ‘I'tans, Balaam,Canasn, Solomon, e Prophots, The Exile, cte. The book s dedieated toall sincero Spiritualists of cvery nume. It {s not intended to bo controversinl, It subjects the Bible to the tests of the Spiritualistie philoso- phiy, ond attempts to prove the latter fu this manner. Though the author takes too much for granted, nud attaches Importance to puerili- tles liko those of planchette, it i3 n respectable und enrnest statoment of the facts, 'Ule author is Chorles Beccher, o member of the Beceher famlly. (Boston: Leo & Shepard. Price, §1.50.) © Midni=ht Marcnes Through Persin,® by Henry Ballantine, A, M., s one of the latest publications of Lee & Shepard, of Boston, Dr. Bealye, the President of Amherst College, fur- nishis the preface, and speaks hignly of the ability and character of the author, Mr, Bal- lantine was born in Indin, of Amerfcan parents, nnd has been from is youth famillar with Oriental life, and focile fn the use of several Orfental tongues. * Though his journey was undertaken ot the instance of an onterprislng commerelal house,' snys Dr. Seelye, *“and ha for ita timmedIate end a cominereinl report, his eyus were open to other relations than those of trude, und other readers than merchants will he tnterested amd instructed by his pictures of the country, und his representations of the babits and [ife of the Perslun people.™ (Boston: Leo & Shepoard. Prive, $2.60. Maps and {llustrations.) LITERARY NOTES. Realf’s poecms aro soon to be published for the benefit of his child, Misa ITadie Ieller, with tho co-operation of Mra. Stephen Fiske, {8 preparing o ife of the Inte Robert Heller for publication by Carleton, Mr. Alphonse Daudet 3" at work ona now novel, which will be called * Les Rols en Exil,” ‘The Into King of Ilauover nnd other dethroned monarchs wilt flzare fn it ‘The Orlental Clinreh JMagazine, published In New York City, fs subsidized by the™ Russlan Government, with the purpose of propagating correct vlows about the eountry, Tho Boston Advertizer, In a review of %The Lady of the Aroostook,” says: * Without doubt this wil scem to many, aud perhaps to mast, readers the best of Mr. Howells' novels, althouzh 1o one 18 mucli to he hlumed who for any reason prefers one of the others,” Henry Holt & Co., of New Yorlk, will publish in March: “8ymonds’ Rennlssance fn Ltaly: The Fine Arts,!” 8vo.: “ English Actors, from Blinkspears to Maeready,” by Ilenry Barton Ba- Jer, 2 vols. (in the Amatcir Series, uniform with Lewea' On Actors and Acting)i. * Wan- derings In Patazonia or, Iife among tho Ostrich Huoters,” by Juolius Beer- bohm (in the Lelsure "ITour Serics); ' Zoology of the Invertcbrates,” the fourth nuwber to the Now ITundbook Scrles, by Ales- ander Mucallster, Profesoor in the University of Dublin, svecially ruvised for Amneriean students by A. 8. Packard, Jr,, Professor of Natural Iis- tory in Iirown Unfvornh._v. “Iphlzenis Aut T'aaris: Lin Schaueplel von Goethe,” the fourth volume of Whitney's Gurman Texts, with Notes il introanetion Dy Franklin Carter, Professor |‘|‘| I\;:lun Collewe, und edlted by Prof, Willlam D, Vhitney, 8, C. Grirgs & Co., Chicazo, will publish, early In March, Wit und Huntor.!" A choleo colleation by Marshisll Brown; 1 vol., 12mo., $50 vages, llustrated, “The Barque Future; or, Lite fn tho Far Nortlh,” by Norway's creat novelist, Jonas Lio, author of *'Iho Pllot and Hia Wife,” ‘Fhe novel Is transluted by Mrs, Ole Bull, sud glves much Information concerning Seandinavlun life, customs, ancd_ labits; 1 v 2mo. A new editlon of M. Charles Rinue's SGrammar of Palnting and Engravine,! with the orlziual 1llustratlons, translated from thu French by Mrs, Kate Newell Dowgett; one large 8vo. yolume, This valuable work fs intended for populer use, and f4 u lucid summnary of the neeepted elementary princlples of art, B, C. Griges & Co. have also in the hawds of the priuter Part 11, of “ Geyman Without Grammar ar Dictionary,” by Prof, Zur Brucke, which wiil bofu tine for spring schools, Vart L, by the samn nuthor, Is in its fourth edition, ‘Flio samo firm also announeo the feventh thousand of 'l"mf." Mathews' new book, ** Oratory uud Ora- org. Rubert Clarke & Co., Cincinpatf, hayo in press aromunce by the Hon F. Hassaurck, the dis- thnguishien Gernan editor of that dty, late Miu- ister 1o Ecuador, and author of “Four Yeas Amone Bpanish-Amerleans,” ‘The book will bo 1 vol., 12mo,, cloth, price 31,50, It is outitled *Tha Seerot of the Andes.” The secue fs Inld at Quito, South Amerles, ubout slxty years after the discovery and conquest of Poru by the Spau. {ards. Ihe heroine of 1he romance &' o grand- daughter of the Inca Atuhualpa, an Indlan Prin. cess of rare beauty and intelligence, actuated by tho uoblo ambition to liberats ber race. Bhe posscsses the secrut of thu great luca Trensuro of Quito, which had “been hidden fn the . wmountalns after the exceutlon of Atahualps. 'The treasure is to be devoted to lier wreat purvose, A rebellion hay- fng broken ont among the white Colunists ugainat an arbitrary and llluhlyulmmmvo Lax, 1t 18 pronosced to proctafin “the Judependenco of Perw under o Croolo King, who shall marey tha Trincess und freo her race, ‘The schoma fails on account of the weakness und fickleucas of the maon on whom the Princess had bestowed her affections, ‘Tho story ends in the tropical for- csts, nlong the headwaters of the Amnzous, whers the savago Indlans, on the vastern slops of the Cordlllera, had sceretly formed a confed- cration for the overthirow of the Spantards, atd fu A sfugle day suceceded In wiplng thres Span- ish proviuces, with o uumber of flourishing towns und villages, from the face of the corth, The new Forinight'y has the first 6f four # Clispters on Bocfatism," by Mr, Mill, which Miss Heten Taylor bus st longth consented to elvs to the world. It wus during tho year 1809," says her preliminary notice, *thar, ime preased with the degreo i which, evon during the last twenty Fcnu, when the world seemed so wholly occupled with other matters, the Bocial- st idens of speculative thinkers had spread amone the workers of every civilized country, Mr, Mitl formed the design Of writing a book on Socialiam. Couvinced that the fnevitable teud- oncies of modorn society must be to bring the «questions involved fn it always more and mors to the front, o thought it "of grout practical conacquence that they should be thoroughly und fmpartially conaldercd, und the lines polnted out by which the best speculatively-tested the- ories might, without prolongation’ of suffertng on the one haud, or unnecossary disturbaoce on thy other, bo applied to the existingioraer of thiogs,” * Theso chuvlers, then, contaln the 1879—SIXTEEN PAGES. R, “first rough drafts” of the proposed worls, anil Tor Lwenty miles anhour at the grentest. Asre- the present ona consists, In the maln, of an claborata roview of the chief 8oclallst objec- tlons to the present order ot soclety. Probably this reviow would have beon rewritten befora Mr. MUl bad done with {t} as it stands, 1t con- alsts much mors of extracts from Louts Blanc and from Considerant’s * Destince Socialo than aof orfelual writing, But in the.cuss of great writers, * thought fn the making’ is sometimes ns fnstruct{ve as the finlshed woric; and this ntercat theso pages from Mr. Mili's hiand wiil huve.—Academy, Bibliopllles In. this country have probably ('I- luatrated 1o book more (requently than Irving's * Lifo of Washington," A remarkablo exatnple of the extent to which thiey liave carrled thelr collections of portrafts and gutogeaphs was af. forded fn the copy of this work wiich belonged to the Menzies Library, Mr. J. W. Boutou has now un exhibltion at ‘his buoksture o new work of this character, which, in sume respccets, s the. most remarkablo edition of Irving's * Wash- ington® that lias cyer been put togettiers fn” certain partfculors it surpasses the Menzies, Originally ft was o Ilr’;u paper copy of the Putnam nrint ot 1855-'59, comprising five quarto velunes, of which only 110 cuples were printed, It wos a presentatiou copy, wnd Lears the autograph of Irving, The colfector, ut an cfl)cnec of several thousand dollars, has enrlchied It, nfter many years of searching, with nearly 1400 exten Iustrations, 120 autograph letters, ind 130 portralts of Washington, many of the prints belng of contemporury gxcculluu und enrty fmpressions on India paper. ‘Flie work thus extended comprises eleven volumes, which inctutta one volume made up excluslyely of pors truits. 8pecelal title-ungzes have been prioted for each volume, and each page contains an em- hlematical vignette on Indin paper. The suto- sruph letters pertaln for the nust part to the purludy uod are from the most linportaut clsil und mllllnry versonuges of the oee of Washing. tou. 'Thres of the letwers are Washiugton's uwn, three ore John Haneock's, and thres eacth are Gen, Wayne's and Lafayette’s, whilo there ure two cach from lenvalet Arnold, Israel "Put- ouam, Uen. Gates, and Gen. Guee. Singleletters are jdven from Willlam Penn, Uen. Brad- dock, Benjumin Froukline Thomus Fame, Thomas Jetferson, Gens. Clinton, Bur- goyue, Steuben, and Harry Lee, Jolin Paul * Jones, ~ Dapiel Booue, Patrick Heury, wid many otner eminent men. The bindingr of the work s u remarkable feature of , Smith, of tbls city, ins been engaged upon t forthres months post. 1t s 1ol gros-gratned, dark-green Lesant moroceo, elab- orately tooled on the back, sides, und Inslde, nud is Jined with ponels of erimgon moroeco bearing the ownu’s monogram Ju the centre. Each volume las n chamofs-lined case. The work wilf remain on exbibition at Mr. Bouton's until to-tnarrew, when it will go to its owaer in San Fraucisco, Au Intereating focident waa its transfer from the Dbinder's hands to Mr, Bou- ton's, ready for shippiug, ut a late hour on L'ri- duy, the eve ol Wushington's birthasy,—.New York Tribune. t. It ART NOTES. Bomcbody has becn sizning Burne Jones' name to drawlugs, and lo naturally writes to the Athenceum and Academy about {8, Wyatt Eaton has been oblized to rerign his place as teacher of drawing at the Cooper Unlon Art School. His place has been taken by 8. A. Dourlns Volk, of Chicago, & son of the well-known sculptor, Among the contributions to the New York Water-Color Buciety's collection Yas one thut appeared In the catalorue as * Color Glow—n Reettlinear Speetrum,’ by G. Cumining, It has heen removed from the walls at the justance of George L. nhenstefu, on the ground that it wus o plaginrism of, or rather fulringement upon, his brother’s copyrighted loveution of * Magie Recfprocals.” The Battimore Loan Exbibitlon ot the Peabody Institute will open on the 4th of March, Miss Durfuo has sent on 100 pletures by New York artists, which, considering the near approsch of the exhibitions of the Boclety of American Art- ists und the Nattonal Acadetny, make an excel- lent representation. Seventy-flve per cout of the recelpta of the exbibition are to be devoted to purchasing pictures, those of Amerlcan arl- Ists belng preferred. ‘The thirty picturea which Witllam II, Vander- DIt purchased and ordered on his late trip abroail, and which he Liaa been Intely exhibiting to his pucsts, arc sald to cost hln on an averare 88,000 eachr. fo palc this nmount for Erskine Nicol's * Rent Day,” which tie hought receutly fram Y. 0. Day, of 3t. Louta. For Melssonier's “ The Ordinanee,” which ho bought in Parls, oud which camu from the Crabhe collection of Bruseels, ho gave §25,000. s large Detaflle's % The Ambulauco Corps cost him 88,0005 his five-figure Palmaroli of two eirla flshing, 85,0003 and u " Florent Willems,” from the Universal Exhibltion, double that snount. SPARKS OF SCIENCE. READING AND LYESIGIHIT. M. Javel, In a recont lecture, tries to answer the question, Why I8 reading - speclally fa- tigulng exercisel and also sugrests some reme- es for this fatizue. First, M. Javel says reading requires an sbsolutely permanent opnlleation of eyesight, resulting In n permanent tension of the organ, which may be meusured by the amonnt of fatlzue, or by the production of per- manent myopy ¢ accondty, books are rinted n black on n white ground.” The eyo fs thus in oresence of tbe most absulute contraet whicl can Lo {magined, The third peculiarity liea in tho arraugemont of the churacters fo horlzontal lines, over which wo run our eyus, If wo maintain during reading a perfeet Immo- bllity of the book and the head, the printed lines are applicd successively to the same parts of the retinag, while the fnterapaces, more brizht, nlso affect certain realons of the retiua, always the same, 'There must result from this a fatiguo analogous to thut which we experience wheu wo make expermments in ** accidental fmages,” and phyafeists will ndmit thut there Is nothing more difastrous for the sight than the prolonged con- templation of these fmages. Lastly, and most importent of all fu M. Juvel’s estimation, is the continual variationol thodistunce of the eye from the polnt of fizxation on the book, A slmplo calentlution demonstrates that the accommoda- tion of the eyo to the page tndergoes o distinet varlatlon In proportion as the ¢yo passes from the beginnlug to the end of each line, and that this vartation s all the greater i proportion to the nearncss of the book to the oye mid the Tength of the line. As to the rules which M. Juvel fuenleates fn order that the iujurlous effeets of reuding may be avoldod, with refer- ence to the permanent application of the eyes, he counscls to avold excess, to take notes in iz, to stop in order to refect, or to roll a cigarctte; but not to go on reading for bours on end without stopping. As to the contrast between the white of the pa. per and the black of tho characters, varlous ex- verhnents have been mude fu the ntroduction of colored papers. M. Jayel ndvises the ndop- tion of 4 slightly yellow tiut, But the nature of the yellow to be used {s not n matter of ndil- fereneoy ho would desire = yellow resulting from the absenco of the blue raye, analozous to thut of paver made from o woad paste, and which is often_mistakenly corrected by the ad- dition of an ultramarine "blue, which produces gray amd not white, M. Javel has heeo lpd o this couclusion both from practical obe servation und also theorctfenlly from the relatton which must exist between the two oyea anid the colors of the spectrun, Hia third advice 13 to give prefercuco to small yolumes which can bo held In the hand, which abviatea the nccessity of the book befnir kept fixed fn one place, wnd the fatizue resulting from accldenta) fuinges, Lastly, Al Javel ad- vi the avoldance of too long ltues, and thereloro ho prefers small votumes, aud for the samo reason those journals which are printed fn narrow columns, “Of course every oue knows that it Is exceedingly injurious to read with in- suflicient light, or to use too smail print, aml other common rules, M, Javel coneludes by pro- teatlngz nzalnet an Invidivus nesertion which has recently been made *in s nelghborlnge country (Uermuny, no doubt), sccording to which the do- eree ol civilization of & veople I8 proportional to the number of the short-sichted shown to exist by statlstics; the extremo ecouomy of Mght, thu abuse of reading to the detriment ot relleetion und the observation of real facts, the employmeut of Uothle characters, und of ntoo broad “column for buoks and lournals, are the conditions which, M, Javel Delleves, lead to nyapy, especlatly i€ successive zcuemdannhnvu been subjected to those lujurlous julucnces. — SCIENCE NOTLS. A phenomenon causing much anxlety among the Inligbitants of the shorea of the Amazon is tho continued rapld decrease of thut generally colossalriver. It appoars thut navization above Mauaos has become an {mpossibility, ‘The cause of the cootinued decreass of the quantity of water i3 entirely unknown at preseut, and it {s o3t desirablo thut men of sclence should thor oughly luvestizate tho wmatter, Mr. Scott, of the Moteorological Ofiice, lecturod rocently at the London Institution on *8torme,” Our knowledre of the rats of the movement of storins waa still but small, Bome haye been known to travel at the rate of sixty milcs an hour; and this, too, was known—thst tho rato uf movement hsd no necessary connec- tion with violence, For example, the violent West India hurricanes moyeat froin tew, Afteon, rards the distancostorms traveled, the longest re- conled was tn Aucust, 187 (¢ was traced forncarly a fortnight. A cheap form of friction-pulley s now mada h‘y cutting pleces of pastcbuard into disks of the 8lze of the roquired ’pulh‘ 'y prsting thiem heavie Ty with hot glue, nnd laglng one over the other il the prape: thickness is obtaned, ‘The hole for the shalt Is cut In eacti plecs hefore they are plued togather, and when the wheel has been formed ft may be pressed till the glue Is cold. The face of the pulley may then be turned down fmooth Ina Jathe, and, to make a firm edge, fron rings or clanps ay be fastened to the hides, Stich paper-palleys ara sald to run with Buod usage for u long time. A reporting machine at the Paris Exnosition, known as “#La inachine - Stenographique chein,® the latter belng the name ef its {nventor, attracted snuch nttention, The claims made respeceing it are,-that, after a fort- nihit's praciice, any person can take down in shorthamd characters n_apeceh howeyer rapldly dellvered, It Is w small instrament, plano-like In form, with uwentytwo keys, white and back, nnd the atenograplie charaeters aro small and finpreased on slps of puper, Biguor Michela clnims to have classified nli the sounds which the human organs of speceh are capable of producing, and to have su constructed his machine that It shall reoort sith unerring fldel ity whatever f4 satd in Garman, Freneh, Ltalian, Spantsh, aud Euglisl, The machine fs hizhly iucenlous, and ecens to have stood several praée tical tests satisfactorily. . ‘The Boston Journal of Chemtatry in an edito- rial says of Mr. Lockyer's new theory: *‘The tuust thut can be cotceded s, that tlic conclu- slons he has reached, and which aro safd to bo +the result of n hundred thousand spectroscople observatlons, which have taken efx montha to summarize,’ favor the supuosition that the so-valled clements are compound; that is, no other theory yet probounded ne- counts so well for "the facts in tne case nd this dovs, But it ls a theorv, alter oll, aud nothing Lut a theory; wnd {t nust be sub- Jucted Lo the rnmo ordeal thut all theories have to endure. It Is perfeetly gatistfuctory to its au- thor, us new theorles always are, but It thust now run the mauntlet ot” aclentifie inen with whom it Is not n vet enlid, and who will show 1t no wmerey If {6 cannol stand the tests they apoly to i Iu his jecture on Clande Bernard, M. Paul Bert nurrated a singular stratagem which was nvented by Bernard during the last Fraueo- Geemnn war, nued mieht be uttlized “without ditifeutty, under simllar clicumstances, It wus Erupmml to rovictual Pavis, which was strictly. lockaded by German' forces. A large numoer of cattle lind been collected, walting for an opportunity tocross the German lines, Buta difticulty was to - silence these nnimals, ns thelr cries would attract the attention of the enemy. Cland Hernard - proposed fo practice upon them the seetion of the nerve Which enables them 10 emit thelr usual crd The operation is 8o cagy that {t could be ex: cuted In a e fecands by an ordinaty butcher. Noncof the animals avpeared to suifer {n nny way by the mutllation which had made then . But the militury movement proved a fuilure, wind for other causes the revictualing could not taks place, The efiicacy of eramote or dead olis of coal tar In preserving tiuber from decay fs partly due to the notlseptle properties of the earbolle nnd eresylic avida contatned i it, hut largely, If not chieliy, to the fact that it renders woud water- proof, Creosote oil fs fusolunie fn water, and when_injected 1nto wood ft remalus there, sur- rounding the fibres with a protecting fitm, which Kkeeps out alr and water, and fsolntes them from cantact withh fermontable substances alwoys ab- sorbed with water. Carbolic acld acts power- fully in coagulating the albumen of sap, but, belug volatile, {ts effects would be only tempor- ary, were it not that the oll in the outer fibres of the wood absorbs oxygen from Ui atmos- phere, resinlfies, tils up ihe pores, and becotnes aaort of xitive to keep the carbolic aeld from escapltyz, For these reasons creosote ofl is superior to every other gubstance used in the preservation of timber.—£uqaeering Neiws, Ilerr Cruduer points out fthat when vivers by crosive actton carry along sand and detritus, they deposit thent at their mouths: but the depaosits could pot of themselves, under the most favorable conditions, reach above the surface of the river und form deltss. Only those deposits are known s dettas which rise above the water-aurface und add to the dry lund by thelr growth., Now, 08 they are formel under water, but afterwards project nbove ft, they must owe thelr exposurs to a change ot level, an upheaval. llence the fundomental causc of delta furimations is radual riso of the flat grounds nt a river's mouth., Of the 66 knoivn deltus, 16 belonge to coasts rezardhy which no obscrrationa of the klud referred to ate forthzaming, aid of the'reanning GO thero nre, {n point of fuct, 47 on coasts that gre Knowi) to te In o condition of sceular clevatian, The deltas of two rivers (the Blilue and the Nite) be- lonz to coasts whidl, fn comparative recent times, were in course of elevation; bnt now o Elnking {8 mantfest, In consequence of which the deltas are eluwly disavpearing. Ar. Alfred Havitand, M, R. C. &, E., delivered alecturo in Londoen dan, 20 on Distribu- tlon ot Disense,™ fn the conrse of which he gald : ' The outcome of a study of cancer distribution was 1ot only unexpected, but startiiog, Throughout the length and breadth of Eugland he found, after mupping the Beglsirar-General'as stutistles, thut the snma king ot loealities had the sume rate of mortality from this disens Every fact connected with this territde discas from which o 09,000 woinen had died during the Iast twenty years, shouid be sought out and recorded. The “result of geographizing the dis. tribution of cane wus the discovery thnt the mortality from this eause was hichest i thoss districts which akirt the bunks of rivers that wers perfodically flooded. “Llie Thames ran through n vast cancerleld, while in the hizh and dry spots, wealogzically comnosed of von-retentlal aoily, eancer «dfa not thrive. A knowledge of these important facts would sug- gest that tho vhenmatle and those in whose family a tendency to cancer existed should seole localitles fu which these dtacases were not presalent, A mul) of the dirtribution of con- sumption in females showed a state of things nearly the reverse of thut obtsinlng in the case of culleer, EDISON’S ELECTRIC LIGHT. Clalms of tho Inventor in Applylng for a Fronch Patent, After an claborate teehnieal explanation of his tuvention and of all its detafls, Mr. Edlson sums up his clalms {n making applieation for u French patont to vrotect bis electric-light fu. ventions In France, as follows: “1clalin as my fnvention—first, {he combi- natfon with an cleetrle lghe of a thermal cly- cuit-regulator to lessen the electrle action in the lght when the maximuum {ntensity hng been nttained, substantinlly as set forth; secondly, tle combination with the electele llght of o eir- cult-closing lever, operated biv' heat from the clectrle carrent, or from the lght, and a shunt or short clreuit to dlvert "the cur- ent or o ortlon thercol from the lizht, substantfally as sct forthy third, the com- bination with the clectrie uf:m atnl a realstanco of u cireit-closer operated by heat, und serving to plave more or lesy reslstancs in the elreult of the electric Jiznt, substsntlully as set forth; fourth, the combiuution with an electre light of a diaphragn operated by the expansion of n vas or fuld fn proportion to the tem- perature of the lEht to regulate the ¢lectrle current, substantinlly us wet forthy fifth, the combination with u vibeating budy aimilar to o tuning-forks of mechantsm for mahtaloing the vibration, wd magnets, cores, und hellees, whoreby a sccondury current fs sct up €0 s to convert mechanical motlon futo clectrie foree, or the reverse, substantially ns aet forthy sixth, the combluation with clectrie lights, substautlatly such us deseribed, of means for regulating the electric cirrent to tha same In proportion to tho heat evolved In the Nght so as 1o prevant injury to the apparatus, substan- tlally us set forth, e e——— The Loulstunn Tristw, Gov. Nicholls, of Louslana, has addressed the foilowlng Jotter tu the Prealdent respectiog the caming triols in that Btate for offenses agalnst the clection laws: Executive Dueanraryt, Srate or Lou- 181ANA, NuW QULEANS, Feb, 18, 1370,~70 /s Kecel'ency 16 1, Hayes, Presidsyt of the Unlted States: 1 havy the honar of transmitting horo- with to your Excollency (in accordunce with the lu’urlslonl tuereof) o duly certified cuny of * eoneurrent resolution " passed by the Geng. ral Assunbly ~of tha Buute of Loulsluna at fts lust scssion. In dolug so, 1 uesire, .3 Governor of Lowslana, to uxprus:{ In refer- onca 1o tho prosceutions now ponding in the Circult Court of thu United States uialust citizens of Loutsiaua, under th scetions of the Revised Statutes alluded to lu the resolution, ny profound regrot that, in a matter of such uiportunco as to call forth tho legislutive actlon of o Htate, o Judge of the Supreme Court of the Uulted Btates should not be present to partlel pats {o the deefaion of the vital guestious which thuse cases tavolve, 8o g3 to ullord the amplest upportunity ot baying them passed upon by the highest tribunal of the lund, the Buprewo Court of thy Unlted States. Any decls slon which might bs rendored in” those cases, resting upou a Iners councurrence of og‘lnlon of twoJudires of {nferlor “jurlsdiction Ll ¢ effects of which concurrence would be to ar the presentation of the legal guestions fu- volved to the Buprcma Court of the United States), would not carry with it the wefght and authority which the Imporiance of the Issus’ ralsed nnd the senso of justice and right of tho. Amc‘rlun peoplo absolutely and imperatively reqguire, hmvu tho honor to slzn myaclf, with great’ respect, your Excelloney's obedlont servant, - Francia T. Nicrot.rs, Uovernor of Lanisianae et L e NATIAN HALE. One of the Most Horole Episodes of the Révolutlonary Wars . & Jlarper's Eaw Chalr, 2 $ oy Maj. Andro lias so long been one of the most romantic and aecepted heroes of the Revolution; although his wora the scarlot and not the blus und buff, that the outbreak against the proposl~ ton to mark with a stono the site of his execu- tion, and to cut upon it an Inacription by Dean Btanley, was somewliat surprising. The simple facts scein to bo that tho Dean went to Tappan during his autumnal visit, and that his host and ho agreed that it was desirable to put up such a memorial, for which the Dean would supply the proper words. But the mere roport of the in- tention produced a gust of patriotic sontimont, and it was nsserted that before honoring the British and Hesslans who sought to cuslavo Amerjea, Amerlea should rather tako caro of the memordes of the sons of lberty; and how- ever hdrd the fate of Andre may have been, that it was certainly no barder thon that of Natban Hale, who, Instead o1 asking that the mannorof his death might ba changed, grieved that ho had but oe life to give for his country. . ' The mention of Hale's namo rocalls one of the most Lierole episodes of the Revolutionary War, and one of the noblest of patriots. Ho was n Connectieut boy and graduato of Yale,~ ‘‘slender, ercet, gracoful, eclastic, wiry, with a broad chest, full face, blue eyes, light compiex- fon, and brown hair,” perfectly fearless, and of gentle manners, Eorly fn 1773 ho was commissloned Lleutenant, and scon roso to e Coptaln in Knowlton’s regiment. In Heptember, 1770, he was but o little more than 21 years old, and he voluntcered to enter the enomy’s lines to furnish Washington with the information he needed, Halg” was sefzed upon bis roturn, nnd frankiy told his name, rank, and purpose. Without a trial, Gen. Howe ordered him Lo executlon the next morn- e, All communiention with is friends. was refused bim, und his papers were destroyed. But the dauntiess youth went calmly to” his death, uttering the inemorble words that swill live forever in our herole traditlons, *iis countrymen,” says Baneroft, with manly pathos, “never pretended that the beauty of hfs charne- ter should have exempted bim from the penalty which the lawa of war jmposed; they com- plained only that the hours of hls imprison. ment were Imbittered by barbaraus harshness.” 1t will be somne time Prouably before an En- glishmun offers to crect a meniorlul to Natnan Hale. But thnt does uot bear upon tho sugies- tion of n etone to Andre, who was alco a brave and gullaut man, It s curious, however, that hia fate should have so mucn more fmpreas the popular imaeination, and even the American tinagination, than the fate of Hale. It s due to the suppresslon of Hule's story by the Dritish, and to the British outery over "Andre, with th nuems nnd the paragraphs and the cpitaph in Westminster Abbey. Hule was the unsung Agu- memnoni Andre liad all the bards. From tha flrst lie was declared to be a bero. Tt ia impos- sible to read tho contemporary account of br, ‘Thacher, who witneased the cXecution, withnut perceiving the deep aud strong feeling which Aundre hod aroused fn the Amcrican breast. It was hard thut Arnold should cscape und Andro suffer. Dr. ‘Thacher’s entry In his journal—ono of the mnost valuable and interestiug of all the contemporary bovlis of the Revolutfon—1s this: *Qct, 2—Mif, Andre fs 1o moro among the liy- ing. 1 have Just witncssced his exit. "It was & trazlcal scene of the deepeet interest. Durlng his continerent and , trial he exhibited thoso proud nit clevated senslollitles which deslgnate greatuessund dignity of mind. Not a murmur or u #fich ever cacaved D, and the civilities and nt- tentivns beotowed on Tilm wore politely acknowl- edued. aving left o mother ninl Lo sisters 1n Eugland, he was heard to mention them In terms ot the tenderest aftection, and fn his let- ter to Siv Henry Clinton he recommouded them to his partienlar mtention.”” The Doetor piro- ceeds to zive o detallul orcount of the exeeu- tlon, und of the universal fecling of sorrow nud respeet for the accomplished soldier. in o noto he ‘coples from Hanuuh Adams’ * History of New England” the account of Nathan Hales but. naturally, 08 an eye-witness, the full foree of fils admiration aud symathy s glven to Andre, In all Amerlcon histories the narrative has been told with the same symonthy,- and the one Revolutiunary redcost for whom Amer- fean schoolboys have s romantle. feclinge is Mnj, Andre, " Turning over an.old Guide- Boolt of 182, the Tasy Chalr ‘recently found the story told at lenzth, as “cobancing by pensive assauciation the charma of thy udson River. The Guide says that the feel- ng preduced tu the cotatry by Andre’s death was slucere, deep, and pertnanent. lo was a *tuoble and Interesting character.” % My lifo was published und widely clreulated in «the Umted States, sud there {8 scarcely o child to he fonnd ut this day who has not mourned over the sorrowlul tale of Mn*. Andre.” That nhal(- century Iatter, snd o full ceutury alter his death, there should Lo any foelliyg or protest auainet the erection of a stone with a sultable, Tuseription would Lo surprising, and the most diligent efforts to make such a feeling appearto be general have not suceceded. A young Amer- fean, Mr. Winthrop Bargent, somo ~ years since Wrote 4 monograph upon Andre, the tost elob- orate tribute that has been paid to bls wemury, and no Amerlenn hitherto lns spoken -of nlin hogshily, Certaly no Amerlean would have mourned Lis fate moro truly than Nuthan Hule, aml no oue wonld have heard moro gladly that o century nfter the war an Euglish Deansyho bed been cordiully wilcomed fn the country, und wha had spoken of it most geuerously, would wrl nuunlmvnu{mn the unhappy Andre. Amoi= fean patriotism does not consist in_hating gand nd Euglishmen because the Government of George the Third compelled ua to fight for wur independence, Thiero {s nothlng more trily Amcrlean than the prompt and sincera recogul- tlon i men of otlier natious, even in Englishes tmep, of the quatitles thut we admire in Nathan Hale. Nor must it bo'suppused thut thero lins bren no visible permuvent recognition of Hale's herotan und patriotic devotion. Thers {8 o monment in the Town of Cuventry, in Con- nectlent, whero he was born, und where the woman -~ whom ho was to have married lived to old oge and died faithful to the lover of her youth, Dr. Timothy Dwight celebrated liale In prose aud verse, and Mr. Stuart hes written au excellent life of him. Neither o monument nor a stone will {mpair or increnso the romantic adiniration with which these two young men wre regacded, und, as marking the'spot of a sud and familar llstorles al event, there can be no reasonublo objection 10 plncln‘: o stone where Andre, raising the hundkerchiof a moment from his eyes, sald, courteously, to his bonoraole foes, 1 vray you to bear mo witness thot I inest my fato filio & braye man ‘Chey did tear that'wituess, and u;- do il the patriotic sona of those hovorablo sircd. . ——————— THE FARM-BOY'S SONG. The sun had kissed the meadow-grass, And sippod the sparkiing dow, Anil dnlejes ralked their dainty benda T'o catch thy raye b threw. Far off wero fleldy of waving cornj The meadawa lay between; Ani I could hear & farm-buy's song, Tuough nowhere L0 bo seun. Mo sang fn fones 60 bliths and gay 1 pansad to calch each woni And ov'ry note cutno clear and sweet Au caroled by a bird: Oh tho winds did not blow, Though the leaves murmured low, o a glorious Summer-morning And tho sun rose brighs O'cr tho mountaine’ hight, J2'en the Juwhest cot adoraing, - . Aad the lovelicat mald y . 1ui thu highland or glade, A With hior basket and pall, came tripping By the singing brook, Who the nfu fimouk. 2 And from springs in the valo was sipolog, From the waysldo and bush Hoso tholark and the thrush, Fur away in the bluo clouds sosring} Aud the nialdun stopved, Aud tho blossuns croppod, While the uwoatest of songs outponting. + Yon are anxlous to Loar ‘What I sald in lier var, While o tear In her bright oye sparkled; euth tho hawtloru-tieo, . Whilo tho brook ouly laughed and darklod, - Dut {nn never may know Wit who whisperad ao low, With tho aweet blossoms You way ask tho brook, Who tha hill foraouk, e Tl And was kissiug the grass and clover, ‘ £xuxa 0, YoasrLamuaxe, ————— A Kiod 0ld Man, b ot A to ba envied i3 3ir. Manu, pf Y. nflli.lnhmu #ave him 81 000 o‘n hl.l’mu\' . risge-dsy, and snother §100,000 whea . howas | elotied €0 tho Assemblx Ry hnml overg