Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 20, 1879, Page 12

THE ELECTRIC LIGHT. . A Clear Exposition by Prof. Tyn- dall. - flow the Eleotrio Onrrent Is Ohanged into ; Light by Resistance, . The Professor's Xdon of Edison's At- o tompted Invention. 1 From a discourse dellrered at the Roynl Institute of Great Dyitatn, Jan, 17, 1870, The first condition to be fulfilled In the de- velopment of heat and light by the electric enr- Tent s that lt ehall encounter and overconte re- sistance, Flowing through a perfect conductor, no matter what the strength of the current 1oight be, nelther heat nor light could be devel- oped. A rod of unresisting copper carrics away unfojured and unwarmed an atmospherle dis- chargo compotent to shiver to sollnters n resist- ing ok, 1aend thesclf-same curreut throngh a wiro composud of alternate lengths of silver ‘and platioum, The sitver offers littlo resists _ance, the piatinum offers much, The consed quence {8 that the platinum is ralsed to a white heat, twhile thesllver 18 not vislbly warmed. The same holds good with regard to the carbon terminals employed for the nroduction of the clectrio light, The interval between themn offers a powerlul resistance to the passage of the cur- rent, and 1t 1s by the gathering up of the force necessary Lo burst across this interunt that the voltale current {s ablo to throw the carbun into 1hat state of violent intestine commotion which we call hieat, and to which its effulzence [a due, The smallest Intervat of alr usually suflicss to stop tho current. But when the carbon poluts nre first brought togther and then soparated, there oceurs between them o discharge of in- candescent. matter which carries, or may carry, - the enrrent over *a conslderable space. The * llzht comes almost wholly from the incandescent carbons. The space between them fa filled with a blue flame which, belng usually bent Ly the carth’s mnanetfsm, recelves the name of the * Voltale Are. M For scventy vears, tlien, we have beea in posseaston ol this transcendent light swithont anplying it to_the fllmnmation ot our streets und houses. Such applientions suacested them- gelves b the outsel, but there were grave dif- ficulties fu ther way. ‘The first difllenity aroso from the waste of the carboue, which are dis- ripated in part by oraibary combustion, und o vart by the .clectric transfer of iatter from 1he ong earhon to the other, To keep the ear- Dona at the J»m ner distance asunder regulators were devised, !Lu carliest, I believe, by Stnite, and the most fuccessiul by Duboseg, Foueault, and Serrln, who have been'siieeceded by Holmes, Slemens, Brdwaing, Carre, Gramme, Lonttn, and others. By such arrongements. the first dificulty was practieally overcome; but the second, n graver one, s probably inseparable Irom the construction of the voltale battery, It arises from THE OPERATION OF TIIAT INEXORADLE LAW which throuzhotit the material universe de- munds un eye for an eye und n tooth for a tooth, refusing to P'luh] the fafutest giow of heat or glimmer ol lght without the expenditure of an sbsolute cqual quaniity of some other power. Ilence, In . practice, the desir- nbility of any transformation must depeud upon” the walue of* the produel in relation to that of the power expended, The metal zine ean be burnt 1tke paper; 1t might ve {enited 1n o flnme, but it Is possible to avold the introduction of all foreiz heat and to burn the yane in afe of the temperaturs of this room. ‘This i3 done by placing zine folt ut the focus of a concave mirror, which concentrates to a point the divergent electric beam, but which toes not +warm the nir. ‘The zine burna at the foeus with n violet flame, sl we could readlly detormine the umount of heat generated by its combus~ tion. But ziue can be burnt not only In nir but in liquids. It is thus Lurnt when acidulated water I8 poured over it; It Is also thus burnt tn the voltate battery. Here, however, to obtaln the vxsgen necessary for lts comyustion, ko zine has to dislodze the bydrogen with which ine oxygen I8 combined, ‘Fhe conscauence fa that the heat due to thu combus- tion of the netal in_the liquid folls short of that doveloped by its combus- tiunTu air, by the next quantity necessary to teparate the bxygen drom the bydrogen, Fully four-iths of the total heat are used up In this \ molecular work, only oue-fifth remalning to warm the battery, 1Lds upon this rosiduo that we tmuel now flxX our attention, for it i+ solely out of It that WE MANUFACTURN OUR ELECTHIO LIGHT, * Before you are two small voltaie batteries of ten colls cach. The two ends of one of them nre united by u thick copper wire, while into the cireuit of the other o thin platinum wire is in- wodueed, The platinum wire glows with a ‘white heat, whilo the copper wire 8 not seusibly warmed, Now, an ouuce of zine, llke an ounce of coal, produces by ita completo combustion in air a constant quaniity of heat, The total heat developed by an ounce of zine through its unfon with oxygen in tho battery fa also absolutely in- varfablo.~ Let our two baiteries, then, continne in acvton until un ounve ot zine In cach of them 45 consuned, In the one case the hieat gencrated 18 purely domestic, befng lberated” on the heartn whero the fuel {s burnt, that Is to say in the cells of the battery ftself. In ‘the otlier case, the heat s in part domestic and in part forclgn,—in - part within the battery und In purt outside. Ons of the fundawental truths to be borue th mind 1a that the sum of the forelun and dumestle—of the ex- ternol und intornal—heats is fixed and fnvaria- ble. Hente, to_have heat outside, you must druw upou the heat within, “Thess remarks ap- DIy to the cloctric light. By the intormedintion of tha electrie current the ‘moderate warimth of the battery I8 not ouly carried away but concen- trated, 50" ns to provuce, af any distance from its urfam,nlwnt. noxt tn order to that of the sun, The current misht, therefore, be detined as the swift earrier of heat, Louding itself liere with invisible power, by 0 process of transinutu- tion which outstrips the dreatus of the alebem- Ist, It can disensrgze its load, in the fractlon of & second. as light and heat, ut the opposite sido of the world. Thus, the Mt and heat produced outslde the battery aro derived from the metallle fuel burnt witnlt the batterys und, as ziue happens to hnan expensfve fuel, though we lave pos- eessed the elee ric lighy for more than soventy years, it has been too costly to come fnto gen- eral use, Hut within these walls, In the sutumn of 1841, Yaraday discovered A NEW BOUKGE O¢ ELECTRICITY, which wa have now to Investigate, Oa the tu- ble bufare me lles o coll of covered copper wire, ‘with its cuds disunited. It onn alde of the cofl from the table, und In dome so exert the wuscular effort necessury 10 overcome the sin. ple welght of the eull. Luvite fia two ends und repent the experlment. ‘The effort now re- quired, 1f sccurately meusured, would by foutt rreater thon beforé. Indiftims the eoll Ieut the hm:.s of the eurth's magnctie furee, such cutt| 08 proved by Furaday, belng always accon wled, 1 a closed conductor, by the production of an “uduced " electrie curreit, wilch, ns” long a8 the ends of the coll remalied separato, hud no circuit throwgh which it could puss, “The current here evoked subsidus Immedintely ag hewt; this heat belng the exact equivalent ol the excesa of effort just referred tous over amt above that necessary to overcome the simplo welght of the cofl, When the coil 1s Hberated it fulls back to the table, und when s euds uro ubited It encounters u reststaucs over nud nbove that of the air. [t generates an electrie current opnased du dhiection o the firat, ninl reachea the 1ablo with s duninished shock, ~ ‘The smount of the diminution 1 secura esented by the warmth which the mom st duvelops futhe coll. Varlous de nployed to exalt theae induced currents, smong which the fnstrumentn of Pixil, Clurke, and Saxton © Joug conspleuous, raduy, fndeed, foresuw thut such atlelipts were sure to be made; but he chose to leave theg a1t hunds of the we- chunlelun, whi e himsell pursued the decper study of facts rincipled, ** 1 have rather,” b writesin 1831 i deslrous of discovering new tucts and vew relations dependent v mog- neto-clectric duduction than of exalting the toree of those d{' ohtgived, belne assured that the latter would sind their full develop- ment hereafte Hure aresixteen permanent horsestioe magnets pluced purallel to cach other, and between thele pules o Blemens nrmature, ‘The two endd of the ‘wire which surrounds the srmuturs uro now dis- conpected. In turning the hundie wnd cuusing the armuture to rotate, L simply overcome ordl. nary wechanieal friction. But the two onds of he armature coll can bo ublted fna moment, uitd wheu this s dune I fmmediately experiencs & greatly increased resintuuce to rotation. Homething over and aboye the ordinary trictiou of the mochine is now to be uvercome, sud by the expenditure of un additfous! amwount of niuscular forco I am able to overcome it TAE EXCEYS OF LABQJ TUUS THEOWN ULON MY Aun s 8 Were has ita exact equivalent ju the electric currents wzeucrated, anud the heat produced by thelr sub- #ldence u the coll of the srmatupe. A portion of this beat pay be rendercd visible by counect- ing the two ends of the coil with athin platinum . wikte Whea wue Lauale of the wacking is rupids THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 20. 1879--TWELVE PAGESR l{ turncd the wire clows, first with a red heat, then with a whils heat, arid finally with the heat of fusfon. The moment the wire melts the cir- cult. round the armature {8 broken, su fnstant rellef from the labor thrown upon fhe orm . be- ing the consequence, Clearly realizo the cquiv- atent of the heat here developed, Durine the verlod of turning the machine a certaim amaunt of combustible substance was oxidized or bunt in the muscics of my arm, [ad it done no ex- {eruat work, the maiter consumed would have produced a definite amount of heat. Now, the museular heat actunlly developed during the ro- tatton of the machino Tell short of thia definite nmount, the missing bieat belng reproduced to tlie 1ast fracelon in the glowing vlatinnm wire and the other parts of the ‘machine, Tiele, then, the elevtrie current {ntervenes hee tween my muscles nnd the ugncrated lieat exactly as it did a moment agy hetween the yoltale battery nnd fits menerated Deat. The electric current {8 to nlt intents und puraoses a vehiclo which transports the heat of muscle nnd buttery to any distancs from the hearth where the fuel fs consumed. Not only i the current a mesaencer, but it {8 also an i tensifier of magical power. The temperntire of my orm s, in rouml pumhers, 100 degrees Fabrenheit, and it 18 by the intensiflention of this heat that one of the st refractory of metals, which requires a heat of 3,000 degrees Fahreo~ lielt to fuse it, has been reduced to the molten condition. £ Zine, as I have sad, is a fuc) far tooexpensive to perinit of the electrle light produced by Its combustion belnyg used for the common pur- voses of life, and vou will readily pereefve that ihe human museles, or even the muscics of o horse, would bo more expensive still, 1lere, lowever, we can cmploy the force of burning cual to turn our machine, and it 1s this employ- ment of our cheapest fucl, rondered posaible by Faraday’s dlnmvcrg which opens out the rru:\peut of our being ul le to apply the vleetric fzlit to public use. 1 will endeavor to fllustrate, In a simple man- ner, . ¢ MIl. EDISON'S ALLEOED MODE OF ELECTRIC ILLUMINATION, taking ndvantage of what Uhm hos taught us regarding tho laws of the current, und what Jottle has teugnt us regarding the relatfon of resistance to the doveloptnent of Hight aud heat, I'rom one end of a voltale batlery runs n wire, divlding at a certaln pulnt into “two branches, which reunite in a stugle wire connected with the other end of the battery. From the positive cnd of the battery the current pnsses first through the single wire to the point of junction, where it divides ltself between the brundhes ne- cording to o well-known law. If the branches be cqually resistant, the current divides tsell equally between them, 1f one branch bo less resistont thun the other, more than half the cur- rent will chooso the freer path, The strict law Is thut tho quantity of current 18 inversely pro- portional to the resistance. A clear finage of the process I8 derlved from thu deportment of water, When a river meets un fsland it divides, passing right wnd left of the obstacle, and - alterwards reunitiug, Tt the two branch beds be equal o depth, width, und incliuation, the water will divide &= aelf equnliy between them, It they be unequal, the larger quantity of water will flow through the more open course, And, as in the casc of the water, we may have an indefinits number of islands producing an indetinite subdivisionof the trunk stream; so fn tho case of electricity we mny have, instend of two branches, any number of braucties, the current dividing itseif among themn, in nccordance with the law which fixes the relation of flow to resistanve, LET US APPLY THIS KNOWLEDGR, Buppose on insulated copper rod, whish we we may call an *electric maln,” to be lafd down alonz one of our streets, say niunz the Strand. Leu this rod be connected with one, end of o powertul voltale battery, n good metallle con- neetion belng established between the other end of the battery and the gas-plpes under the street. As loug a8 the cleetrle maln continues unconnected with the gas-pipes, the cireuit is incomblete, und no current will flow; but If any part of the maln, however distant from the battery, bo L-uunecwd with the ndjacent gas-plpes, the cir- cult will be combleted, and the current will fl.we. Bupposing our battery to beat Charlnyg Cross, und onr rod of copper to be tapped oppo- site Somerset ouse, n brinch wiro can be carried from the rod into the bullding, the current pass- Jug through which may be eubdivided futo any number ol subordinate brunches which reunite alterwarda and return through the gas-nipes to the baitery, The branch currents may be em- ployed to raise to vivid fncandescence a refrn tory mctal-lke Iridium or oue of its alloys. 1n. stead of being tapped at one point, our muin may be tapped at one hundred polnts, The cur- o rent will divide in stilet accordance with law, its power to produee Haht being solely limited by its strengil. ‘The process of division closely re- sembles the circulation of the blood; the elee- tric moin carryng the outgolny eurrent ren seoting o grent arvtery, the gas-pipes earry the return current representing a great veing whils the intermedinte branchies represent the varfous vessels by which the blood i dis- tributed through the system. This, £ I under- atand aright, is Mr, Edisun’s proposed modo ol Dlumination. The clectric foree {8 ot hmd, Metals sutlicientlv refractory to bear befng ruised to vivid fncandescence are also within rench. ‘The princeiples which reeutate the divis- fon of the current und the development of jts Higbt and heat'are perfectly well known, There 18 o room fora “discovers,” n the sclentifle sense of the term, but there {s amplo room for the exerclse of tlut mechanieal [ugenulty which has given us the sewing-muchine and jso many othicr useful inventlons. Knowing something of the intrleney of the practieal problem, 1 shiould certaluly profer sceing it {n Mr. Edi- son’s hnuds to having it in mine. It Is sometimes stated as o recommenda- tion to the electrie light that IT 18 LIGUT WITIOUT NEAT; but, to disprove this, it is only necessarv to nolnt to the experiments of Davy, which show that tha hent of the voltale are “transcends that of aoy other terrestrial source. The emission from thie earbon points §8 vapuble of accurate analysis, To stmplly the subject, wo Wil take the case of # platinuns wire ut tiret alightly warmed by the current, and then, through the gradual “aug- mentatfon of the latter, rised to o white beat. When first wormed, the wire sends forth rays which huve no power on the optic nerve, They ure what we call invisible rays; aml not until the temperature of the wirs has reached neart 1,000 dere. Fahrenhett does {t begin to elow wit o fulnt, red lght, The rays which It emits prior to redness are all invislble rays, which can warm the hund but connot excite vision, When the temperature of the wire |s rulsed to whiteness, these dark rays uwot only persist, but they ars enors nmuulfl' ougmented dn fntensity, They consti- tute about 95 per cent of the total radiation frum the white-hot plutinum wire, They make up nearly 0 per cent of the emfsslon from o brithant “electrle light, Yoa can by no means have the llght of the carbons without this Invis- ihle cmissfon as an accompantment, The visible radintiun is, 08 it were, butit upon the {nvisible us it8 necessary foundation, 1 48 w!f o 1lustrute the growth In intensity of these Invisible rays as the visible ones enter the rudiation und auginent In power, The transparency of the shuple zaees aud metalloida ~—ol uxyiren, hydrogen, nitroren,chlorine,jodine, bromine, sulphur, phosphorus, aml eveu of car- bou, for the nvisibie heat rays'ts extraordioary, Dissolved in a proper veliels, fodine cuts thu vistble radiation sharply off, but. allows the fu- wisible free transmisalon. By dissolvine fodine in sulphur, Prof. Dewar has rcL'unui' added to the number of our «flectunl fiters, The mixture may be made us black as plich for the vislule, whuile remainkng transparent for the juvisible ruys, By such fliiters it i3 possible to " detach the invisible rave from the total radlution, aud to watch their nugmentation zs ke lght increases, Express- g the ractintion from a platinuin wire when it first fecls warm to the touch—when, there- fore, ull its ruys are (rvislble—by the number o, the fuvisible radintion Irom the same wirs raleed to o white heat may be fiye bundred or wore. 1t {s not, then, by the diminution or trunsfurination of the non-luminous emisslon thal we obtwn the lwminous; tho heat rays maintalu their ground us thoe necessury anto- cedents nnd companions of the heht rays, Whendetached und concentrated, these powers ful heat rays can produce il the effects uscribed to the nurrors of Archimedes at the siepy of Syracuse, Wulla Incompetent to _produce the fuintest. gllmmer of Jight, or 10 affect the most delicate air-thermometer, nw{ will inflamo paper, burn up woud, und oven fenito combue- tible metals. When they fmpingo upon o mota} retactory enough to bear ‘their” shock without fusion, they can rabso it to a heat »o white and Jwwimous bs to yleld, when unalyzed, all the colors uf the spectrui, 1 this way the durk ruys emitted h{ the incaudescent carbons are converted inta lsht rays ot il colors, Bl s0 powerless are these invislule rave to excite vis- fon thut the vyo tas been dlaced at s tocus coms vetent to rulst plantinum Lol to bright redness, withuut uxverlunuln‘: any visusl Impression, Lacht for Hight, no doubt, thy umount. uf beat fmparted by the ineandescent carbons to the mr 18 tar less than thut Imparted by gos flames, 1t §s less bevauso of the smuller siZo of \he carbous, uinl of the comparative smallness of the quantl ty of tuel cousumed fn o given thue. [t is oleo less breausy the uir cannot pebetraty the car- buns us It penctrates o lwue, “Fle emperature ot the flmme {s lowered by the udmisture of o izus which constitutes four-tifths of onr atinos- :here, und which, while it appropriates aud dif- uses the livat, does not ald in the combustion; sl this lowertng of the temperature by the fuert stmosphierle nltrogen reuacrs necessary the combustion of & greater amount of gus Lo producs the necessary light. In tact, thougn the statement may apvear paradozical, it s co- turothat the vlectrie light secms so vool. this temperature that renders the proportion ot luminous tu non-luminons heat greater o the electric lght than in our rightest flames, The clectrle lMght, moreover, reounires no air to eustaln it, It clows in thc most perfect alr- vocuum. Its Hght and heat are therefore not whirchased at the cxpensgot the vitalizing con. stituent of the ntmosplieres It sheds ita light without vitinting the nir. tirely becausc of fta enormous actual Icmpenl\- y THE DIAMOND 8 Denth of the Man Who Made & Fortano by Salting n Wentern Valley with Jowels. Loutaryite Leter ta Now York Snn, Thillp Arnold died 1n his beautiful home in Fllzabethtown, this Btate, on Saturday lust of pncumonta. Seven or elzht years ago lifs din- mond-mine spreulation mude his vame as well known throughout the world as was ever that of John Law or any other shrewd schemer who suceerafully Imposcd on eredulous rpeculnators, Arnold was born in Hardin Connty about fifty years ago, and wus bred there, heing appresis ticed to n hntter. Ile ran away before his term of service expired, nm! enlisted as o soldler In the Mexican War. After peace was dectared he sent to Callfornin, and remained there until 1871, whent he appeared {n Ellzabethtown and opened u large necount fn the local bauk, Tt waa suld that bo had dlseovered an fmmense din- mond fleld In Californin, und bad come home to enjoy, amonz okl fricwds, the fruits of his zood fortune, Speedily, however, on the heels of this rumor came ‘the allega- thons of J. B. Cooner, n San Franclsco book- keeper, wha mho made aMdavit that the (- mond fleld was n rizantte swindle, that Arnold hed planned and persuaded him to lielp carry a ut. y Arnold railed for Europe with some 40,000, and bribed two sallors to go smong the London Jewelers and buy what dlamonds they conld In the rough, 1le'mot toretter in this way 857,000 worth of cheap stones, romething ke o bushel it queantity, aid safled back agaln to California, Some motiths afrerward o number of wealthy San Franeisvo speculators, amang whom were Willlam Ralston and Willlam M. Lent, werg told that Arnold and n friend of his named Sluck, also an-Elzabethitown boy, had stumbdled upon a valiey fn which diamonds, sapphires, und eems of varfous kinds and vaiues were to be plcked up with only the trouble of zlnorlnz for them, The lucky finders bad a bagful of the ,lem:lr- {n thelr possession that they claimed to have gathered in the valley, and they were dis- played In such profuslon thut one of the specut- Iators uid that thev covered one end of ab il fard-table au fnch decp, Arnold took his hag of gems to New York, ad n company, with a capital of_ 810,000,000, was sugpested to work the mine. Nunrly {100, 000 worth of atock was subscribed, and’ Heory Janin, an expert, was envaged to explore the valley and report npon the proxpect, ~ Atuold led the expeditfon that was fitted ont for the purpose. They started from Denver, Col,, on Moy 28,1873, ‘and, after travelig ntio dnys, Arnold told them they were on the oot, Tliey afterwards nscertained thut they were only thirty miles trom the polnt of departure. But the valley morg than fulfilled thefe wildest antfel- patfons. ‘Iliey spent eeven dags there, and cathered [n that time 1,000 carats of dinmonds and 6,600 carats of other oreclous stones. Junin’s report was nn enthusinstic one. Thery hnd_alvendy been pald £250.600 to Arnold, wnd, on Junin's report, $100.000 worth of the stock was sold, of which Arnold zot $300,000. Information of the allewed discovery soon reachied Englnd, and the London Zimes demon- strated the peologieal Impossibility of there belng so many jewels of such varous kinds in one Ineality, and further exposed the swindle by wnaklng known the fact that persons from Calt- fornia had utteacted attention the year before In London by buyiug up all roueh diamonds to be found in the eity. “the manorers of the Com- pany then sent Clareuce King, United States fzeulomlst, to visit the vnllc{. Tic: soon nsu tained that the ground bad been plamdy * salt- cd.” Iloles had been poked with a tommon stick into the clay, the Jewels dumped into thet, and then stopped up again. A few weeks after the exposure several Cali- forula capitalists sned Arnold and Slack m the Kentucky courts for the recovery of - $450,000, The sult was compromized by the payment of $§150,000. No erhininal nction ‘was ever begun agalnst efther of the inen. Arnold establisied n bunk ‘in Elizabethtown, and between bim aml L, M. Longshaw, whoalao had a bank there, there had been much rlvalry und bad feellug, A letter to a commercial acency, in June Inst, reflecting on the tinancial standing of Arnold’s bonk, he attributed to his rival, and beguo o suit against him for $25,000 damnzes, 1. N. tloldsworth, one of Loug- £hinw’s elerls, took an uctive part in the contro- veray, and Arnold cownided him fn the street. They et again In a barroom on - Aug, 22 last, and"Arnold-tnocked Holdsworth down, Holda- worth ran to the bank, ot a shot-gun, und fired at Arnold os he came from the burroom. Ar- nold returned the fire with his pistol, shootlng five times, Nouoof the shots hit Noldswortl, but one of them struck Juhn Amderson, o farm- er, passing entirely through hils stonuch. The second time Holasworth tlred, the entire Jond Yodeed In Arnoll's right breast and shoulder. fle never thorouehly reeovered from the offects of the wotnd, althourh it was ok the Immedi- ate cause of his death, None of the persons cn‘:nged in the melee were progecuted, Mr. Arneld’s bauk was one of the niost flour- fshing In Kentucky, He was very hospltable, hisstable was noted for Its fast stock, and his fraft-furm s the boast of Hardln County. T INDIA British Rule and Tndian Misery. Cal, T. W, Knoz tn larper's for Murch, It is o notorlons fact the expense of Vritish rule fu India is something enormous, and forms a crushing incubus on the country. The popu- Iation is roughly estimuted at 100,000,000, aml the avorage tnxation lust year In varlous ways amounted to #3{ ahillings (Koglish) per hewd. ‘The gross mroduciton of Indla for the same time averaged $114 shilllngs per head, su that the tox- ¢8 took 13 per cent of the product, ‘Theae fig- ures alone are enormous; md when we add the ovium fmpost and the local munleipal taxes, there {8 an ni:zmgmu of nearly £50,000,000, or §950,000,000. In 1857 the total was only about linit the ubove winount; there bus been no in- creage of population, and, though the rallways have caused a development 16 niuny parts of the country, 1t las not Kkept pate with the expenditure, According to - bigh authior- ties, Indln s every year poorer and poorer, 'Fhe land-tax 18 burden so great that the cultlvation of the soll does nut always cenn- ble a cultivator to obtaln the commoncst neces- slties for himself and famlly, and the condition of the day-lnborer is pititul'in the extreme, ‘The ureat mass of the people ure In acondition of the most wretched E.orvn,\‘, want o ull its forms stares you constantly In the face, and the only way fur a traveler In India to eseape the sight of It Is to sml away to some other Lind, Of all the conntrivs on the globe [ lave ever visited, Indin fs the une I loast care o ace aguin, and lurgeely for the reason given in the preceding senten 1 two widely-soparated parts of the great peninsula L saw peoplo aying of famine, nned their gaunt und baggeurd forms rise belore me all too uiten to maku memoty an unnlloyed pleasure. That India has reached the hignest point of taxation {a loudly prociaimed by both nntive uwd English resldents, und not u few En- glishmen predict her bankruptey before muuy yenrs shall have rolled away. A great portion of the mitives are indifferent to the forenzy rule, umd fome are wormly in fa. vor of i, capeclally those who hold oflices of greater or less importanee,’ und - recelve a reve- nue from them, On tho other hand, 1 think thers cun bo no question that thers {8 great hos- Uity to the ssritish authorlty, and if the way were open 10 o revolt, with a protnise of success, it would be speedily forthcoming, Several of the nattve Princes, stll n«-lm\‘lnf;lhclr throucs, maintaln armics of thelrown, which are m:unled with no frivudly vye by the Government, Nu- merieally, at least on paper, these armles are stronger than 1he whole Britfsh foree, native and 1orelgn, bue their equipinent, organization, i disceipling use fur inferlor, 8o that they are wot considered formidable. “The most lipors tunt of these native forces are thoso of Bindin and Nizuiy Loth these rulers are on the best of tering, tur the present at ony rate, with the Britlsh, Bindia, who holds the rank of Goneral, has olfered lus army w the Government for a Russlun or un Afglun war. Mouy of the smaller rulers are vot 8o well disposed, und aro onl hetd in cheek becauy they kuow that insubordf- nation would tuke sway what little power they possess, 'Ihat thero 18 an undoreurrent of hose nifty 1 bad varivus opportunities of kuowlng, Beveral thoes L hud conversations with native gentlemen—some of them the result of mtro- ductions by Engllsh resldenta—which wers far from cumplimentary to (hs rulers of the land, In these nstunces, wolel 1 cunnot specify with- out any yviolation of vontidence, enher asked oy tacltly haphied, the Hat of grlvvances fncluded he cuormuous taxation, arbitrary enactments of oppressive character, uationsl “und fudividual arrogunce, togother with other things mors senthuental thinn practical, ‘The Buglish in India Teave no doubt to exsist thut they uro the ruling suce, and the meanest tramp winung thew cons siders himsell of more fmvortunce and better by blood wnd birth than the Lighest nutive Prince. Tt (s no wonaer thut the natives should chute under tie yoke, especinlly when they in turn conslder thewselves the superlors in polnt of ruce und religion, und hoast an sutiquity tur heyoud *hat of the {nvader. Your servant who will uat iouch, throurh fear of pollutiun, the 400d 30U ety cuRBOL Lol XOU Ju Reekt seapect, CURRENT ‘GOSSIP. MARY'S CHILT., &1, Lauls 1imes-Jonrnal, Mary hiad a littie et} . Which gave her heaps of paln; And, when ehe tried to shake that chill, 1t shook her back again. P ‘ It foliowed her to achool ono day, Which wan nzainat the rale, 1t mado the children Taugh fo ses FPoor Mary shake In achuol, And do thio teacher sent her home, And bade her take some Ho, 'To reconatract her svetem and To liquidate tho bile. Wint makes poor Mary liava the chilla Andd ehake fo aw (il bad? Wiy don't she take n cross of pills Aud wear a liver-pad? \ “BLUBJEANS? AT A S Indicnanntis Jonrnal, Aeh, The annottuzement. of a *Spirltualistic Eoter- taiminent ' at the Grand Onera-Touse last nlzht attracted an fumense audienes to that hall, avery geat In the house belng oceupled, and but fittle standing-room Jeft in the vestibule winl ulsles, Among the number whose curiosiey had heen aroused to know Just what a ** Spirltunl- istic Entertainment * might be was hils Cernlenn Excelleney Gov, Wilama, This dignitary oceii- pied n seat {none of the stoge-boxes, and his presonce. soun beeame known to the audience, Mr. Mansfleld, the *medium,” stepped to tho footlights und requected that a committee of two (zentlemen of aze mul prominence pre- ferred) bu uppointed by the audlence to over- seo the preparations for the coming seance, nnd notfce that nothing underhunded was done, Having heard with wiat grace nnd dignity SANCE, [ Tndinoa’s Chief Exceutive ovresided at a recent walking-mateh, giving the word to the pantlng pedestrians, he glanced meaningly toward the Governor ns he made the sterestion. s Excellency was chosen forthe with to act a8 ane of the Commlttee, and Reo- resentative Faulkner us the other. The two stepped to thelr places on the, stuse amidat the cheers of the sudienee. They wers then asked Lo tie the medlum, who ecated himsell on & chalr tnside 1he cablnet, wndy hitehimg up his trousers, Indlana’s Governor began the work of fostenim the medunn, Down o his koees e dropped, and worked and tuered away fafth- fally until, after five mimutes' work, he faced the audience, the perspieation dripplog fromn ev- €1y porey und announced: 4 ‘The mun istled, T can't seo anvtling hocus-pocus about the thine” Mo then Look hls seat on one side of the stuwe,~Mr. Frulliuer, who, by the way, had aent his collar to the laundry, oceupying o seat onthe opposite side. ‘These statesmen over- looked thie movements of the medfum, at his reqiest, fu o manner emlnently satisfice lur\;——s!mkln‘: their lieads approvinsiy the while. [Finally, however, Miea ‘Annn Eva Fay beiwz then {o” the cabinet, Mr. Maunstield, ud- dressinz htmsclf to Knox County's pride, su “Would you faver us, Governar, by m‘:hx‘-n seat fn the cabineti—at the same tine placiig athair therein for his accommodation. The Governor mlldly consented, and took his seat facings the lady, ~ Mr, Munsfleld then took bohd of the old wentleman's Tands, wid placed them eently, but Hrmly, in the lady’a lnp. At this the audisuee roared, and the Governor syunirmed. A silk hanokerchilef was then latd on his shoul- der, nnd n four-gallon milk-pail placed over his tieal, o all this he submittea meekly, and without a murmuy, The audlence esjoved the situntion, which he cvidently didn’t.” As the curtaln was belng drawn, closing the cabingt, a stifled cry ‘was heard from under the butekiet, il the curtaln wna redrawn to as- certain the cause. Nothing—only the bucket had slipped baek over his head, and the ball, entebilng under the throat, wos choking his JLxeelleney i o imanner which would soon lave made way for Licut.-Gov, Gray, The bail wus readjustedd, and the performance went oy, At the conclusion of the trivic onr resnected Gov- crnor stepped out, to the delizht of the au- ience, which was clad to see him back once moro ubhurt, ‘Then Miss Fuy retlred amd AMr. Mansflold entered the cabinet. Turning to the embarrassed Chicl Exceutive, be asked calmly, W vou favor U dience by loanlng mie Jour coat for the verformance of this trick" The zood old mau cast a glance at the audience, ‘Thelr lnugh scemed o reassure him, and off come the blue-feans role. “Your vest,” de- manded Mr. Manefleld, To this request our roler rcs‘umdv:«l with alacrity, Lxposing as ho dropped his walstcont--a clean shitrt! 'This nt least mave cvidence of frequent rebearsal. There he stood, the white shirk conteasting with the trousers of purest cerulean hue, nmd ab which he gazed fondly, 08 10 he expected Lo by requested to part with them next. ‘he cabinet wua then cloted, and the “ spirlts ¥ began work on the mediam, who was securcly tied, At this Juneture the dismauntled Governor, who stood crevt, six fect three i his boots, which were still un, beean to feel the need of a new ehew of tobueco and u handkerehtef, IHa chewed his tongue for the one, und used bis thumb und fu. dex-finger In default of the latter. The medium withln then shouted for Jight, und the curtaln, belng withdrawn, revealed him partlully lucased in thie babiliments of the Governor. Represent- ative Fuulkner was catled upon to assist, awd the two Stute olliclals pleked the mediun up, still bound to the chalr, and carrled i 1o the footllehts, “They were then asked to unbind the fetters, ad responded gracefully, Euch went down on his kuces and tugged away, the Goveraor stll! In seant attire, ‘They knew that the eyes of 1,600 noble-spirited Indinnians wero upon them, and realized the awful importunce of succeeding in their undertaking, When thelr efforts werc crowned with success and _the mudium stood forth once more free, Gov. Will- fams curefully donned bis coverlngs, and ime mediately divedt Into the vocker where e’ keot his tobaceo, The dignifled lawmaker amd our Chier tixeeutive were then exeused from further service, recelving the thunks of the mediums and approval of the audlence for the able wnd Impartial muvner In which they had adminis- tered the aflairs of the avening. A DISGUSTXD DEMOCRAT, Ta the Edtor af the Indianaolls Journal, Allow an @ uld-flnu '* Democrat to express his dlsgust uy the conduct of Gov, Willnus, Sun- day nlebt, ot the Opera-House. To think that the Clief Magistrate of the proud State of In- diann should a0 disgrace (he Demacratic party, the State, und lmsels, as to pander 10 and ald a couple of jugglers, hlmself the greatest mountebank of the three, to exhibit himeself be- fore a Inrire audicnce, to divest himself of cont nad yest, Lo sit with bis long legs wrapped about. the fenle jugeler, while lils bunds were placeil upon ber lap, pressing hor knees. and a cloth und bucket upon his head,—as he nppeared upon that occnuluu,—llammly(‘lsmmlng. No State was ever before o disgroced; but, then, no Btuto ever before hnd such an sbominable okl fEnornmus und nincompoon for Governor, If thie old [diot would only resien and retiro to thy classie slndes of Lower Indfang, nud devoto the reinnlnder of his 1lfe to rafsing geese, utd hogs, uud cattlo for the Insune Asviu, he will eonfer the greatest boon upon the Democratic party he oesibly can, und rehieve b of his unwetcome cadershtp, A BooNk COUNTY DEMOGHAT, Wimdrlmum give $5 10 ho had nevervoted for Gld ndigo. SOME I"ACTS ABOU'T TIIX: ZULUS. Cincinnatl Skn, We wero called upon yestesday by Mr. J. D, Culdon, who has recently spent suveral years in Southern Africa, und especlally in the Natal and Zulu country, the prescut seat of war, He left there in November, 1877, meeting Stanley at Nuotal when on his way to Zauzibar, after his last great expedition, to return the natives In his eniploy to thelr howes, Just at that time, Ketshwala, woam the British hud made King of Zululund, had seut o sack of muize to the Gove crior ol Natal, Bir Henry Bulwer,—which weant o declaration of war (u sack of meal meaning peace) The occasion of the war was o clahin ket up by the Britlsh to a tract of lund culled Utrecht, and sald to have been clafmed by the Duteh, from whom the ‘Uransveal Ree public (of which Pretoris s the L‘xuxlml) wus conveyed fn 1570, Bir "Theophilus Snepstonu, who tien siececded Gov.” Bureos, the Dutch Uovernor, fuylied Ketshwalo, the Zulu Chief, to tuke part fn running the Moo betweon thelr ter- ritory, but he refused, sayiug, **Ouly a dog fol- laws ils master, " The Zulu country extends n)nmi tho coast northeastwardly from the ‘Cuzalo Kiver, ubout =50 mules, to the Crocodile River, und from thy ocean Lo the Dragonsberg (mountaius), north of which lies the Transvaal Republie, “Tlie popula- tlon fs estimated at 700,000, ‘Yho Zulus are the {lnest tribo o) nutlves tu Bouthern Atrica, thoush in o auvage state, Polyzamy prevalls, and mis- stous hove gatned little foothold among them. ‘They live tn huts fermed of oent voles thatehed with straw, ‘The cllate 8 very warm und the soil productive, ‘Fhe poorest wan among them can huve bis sixty head of cattle. ‘Lherv ja avundance of cosl hear the mountalng, uid gold is found In tue vicinity, The Orango River country, with its diamond delds, 1s not faraway, ‘Thie turritory in dlapute, vear the Dragovabere, 18 o tract guito valuable for ugricuitural and mineral resources. ‘ihe Zulus are determined to realu und keep vossession ot this land, and singlo-banded assume the ageressive, as wo huve ecen, after baviog vainly ~ sougli the alliance of ' a uclghboring” tribe,. Alr, Caldou, who is an Jutelligent gentleman, and well informed as to the whole aituntion, be- 1leves the other tribes will join Ketshwalo sinca his Into success, nnd that the Dritish In that narter have scrious work before them, This Chief 1aavery large, powerful man, near G0 years of nge. Ho has n Seeretary, an English ad- venturer named Brown, who fins the credit of betmye the power behind the throne. Of the skifl wind scourage of the Znins many ancedotes are told, of which the followiue is n specimen: Somo few years ago a Zulu hunter, lieering 1 youne Britlsh oficer speak somewhnl Hehtly of native prowess, offered to give him a snecimen of it by killlygz single-hinded a huge Tlon which Intested the netghborhood. The challengo was accopted, nod the brave feliow at onee set forth upon s dangerous creamd, the oflieer und several of lls comradea fol fowlng at o distanee, Having deawn the heast from lis Iair, tha hunter wounded him with & well-flung spear, and {ustantly fell flat on the ground beueath his huze “shield of thinaeeros hide, which covered his whole body MHke the lid. of a dish. Il lon, huvinig vain exnended bis fury upan it, ut Jengeh drew back a few peees, nn!lly the shield rose sealn, n eecond Jance struck him, and his furious rush encountered only the impenctrable buckler. Fofled agafy, the lon erotched close beside his nuibusted enemy, a8 If meditating a siegze; but the wily savaze ralsed the further end of. the shifeld fust enongh to let him creep nolsclessly nway {nto the durkuess, leaving his buckler un- moved, Arrived st a sufe distance, he leveled Iis third apear at the brond yeilow flank of the royal beast with such unerrlng alm as to lny Ifin dead on the spoty, and then returned cor puscdly to re the apologies nnd congratu- utions of the wondering spectators, A ST, LOUIS YARN, St Louty Republican. Capt. A. B, Tuttle, the Aretle navigator, who clalins to have had, und probavly has bad, n longer and more varled exporience os 8 seaman thnn atmost any mau now lving, was in the clty yesterday on lis way to Wushlngton to nego- tlate with the Government for a small steamer to nsstet {n s further explorations in Arctie scas. Canl. ‘Tuttlo has been all over the giabe, he eays, haa salled In every sca, and has made twenty voyazes tothe Arcile regfons. Since his early manhood hy lins Ueen Captain of whaling aned” surveying shi Oneof the things thut partleularly attracted his attention in salling northward wus, that he found the sea more and ware open, espeelally every fourth yesr. Ho made his Inst trip about a year aro, startlung from Hnkodado, Jupan, In ‘a Iull-rigged ship, with forty-five men all told. In latitude 38 he foind an open soa clear of e, In lotitude 81 he woticed on extraordinary dip of the comonys, nml :on taking soundings discovered the causolof it to bo fm- mense foads of n magnetle substunco In five fathoms of water, Tt was mixed witn minerals und fiue pariiclos of gold. Inlatitude 82 hie en- cotatered the fee-belt, grounded under the water, und extendime fu hight In some places over 400 feet. 1t stretelicd east and west ns far us the eye could reach, Ha here discovered that the necdle pulnted due south, nnd 1n his own mind concluded that 1he magnetic deposit hs had passed bud _como connection with the diree- tion in whlch the meedle usually ]m!nlcd. By clunbing to the highest points on the ley barrier, he could sce directly Into an open polar sea Iylng bevond, amd, by tracing along the belt custwardly, he found a pnssnge through lato this lca] with a deuth of ninety fathutns, or 540 feet. ‘Ihe water was quite warm, and & gulf- streom was steadily retting out with a veloeity of from four to six'miles per hour. He putled throurh this passage in whale-boats, and found it to be ubout eightecn miles wide, In the north part of this open sea ha found nearly frosh Ieaves of plantains, bananas, and other tropleal rlnntsflonnngun thewater. and showing that they had beeu off ihe trees but o short thine, Last Octoher hu found o large fomalo whals golng north_througts the open passage before men- tluned, and aleo sow migratory birds going north. Induly these birds went back south with their young, uud about the sae time he observed wiiales olng south with their young, From these focts hio concludes that diringa considerable part of the yoar there 8 n warm cll- mato within the open polar sea, sufllelent tn oroduce tropleal froits, In the fee-barrler on onc of hifs trips ho found bones und tusks of the mastodon, which in 1876 he carrfed to the Cen- tenniul at Philadeiphia. ‘They were so large that some naturalists thought the aolmal to which they helonged must liave been forty feet fn Ienggth., e aleo found some hard wood fu the shape of troughs jmbedded in the fee. They looked like fecding-trouzhs, and the edgres hind the appearance of having been gnawed by anls mals, In salliug west, e struck the north part of the cuast of Now Biberda, where he found o Tace of propls that lie thought ns one had ever seen hefore or heard of. They spoke on un- known language, which avunded ks Hebrow, ‘They spoke a tew words of Hawnilao and the Esqitimaux langiaee, untd, with these and the ld ol slzns, they conveyea tho idea that they cmine from the North, Hao was a littlc acquaini- ¢d with the Esquimaux langunge, baving passed four winters with that people, hving on raw walrus, whale-blubber, uud bear-meat. Durlug ono of these winters, which are without day- Meht, be made o Journcy of 830 miles (o the dark. During bis adveniturous carcer he has mict with many dlsusters, the most scrious of which was an_encounter with a polar bear. e had both arms nud both legs broken, and lost oue tinger of his left hand, another helng so budly lacerated by tho teeth of the animal thut it 18 sadly ont of shave. 1o also lost two rlus, which were completely toro frum his body, which bears the marks of wounds which 1t secems nimast fneredible thut o man could re- cefve und live. ‘The nalar bears ottaln on loered- ible size, sume belng reported to welgh as much a8 3,000 pounds. He contemplates muking an- other trip to turther explore thut open potar #eq, but needs o small steamer fur towlng pur- poses, which he hopes to obtain from the Goy- croment. A PENSION SWINDLER. Portland (Jle.) Araus. ‘The afternoon of yesterday was well advanced when Capt, Georee Prince, who last Wednesday, before Judge Fox, pleaded gulity of obtaining fraudulent pension-claling from the Governmeut to the amount of $18,000, wus brought into the preseucoof the District Court, 1lia manner was composed, and on his clear, well-cut fea- tures no look of grief or dejectton rested. After brief remurks Judgs Fox sentenced Capt. Prince to ten years' imprisonment at hard labor at ‘Thomuston, Capt, Pritice reeclved hls sentence without chanejue o nusclo of his countenance, save verhiaps the whost of a sinlle that for an instunt pusscd across hia features, Ho wus taken back he county Jall by the United States Murshal, whenee, fu o day ‘or two, he will be sent to Thomaston. ‘f'o u veporter Capt, Prince satd: I wasan examiner of wilows' pensfons on the Jowa desk, but, a8 _Jor bezinuing any fraudulent transae- tiuns of the kind alleged while in the Penslon Otlico In \Vunm&vmn. that {8 uot true, The loose manner of dolng business at that ofllce eu- couraged me, after 1 reslzned my clerkship fn 1860, 10 the belief that I coudd sucvesstully carry out o scheme for dofrauding the Government out of sbout 34,20 a year, I tried the scheme, and it worked to u clinrm, - For twelve years [ drow penstons for slx widows who never wedded nor wore weeds save in my own Imagination, und I ulght have continued 82 doing it 1 had uot been slck of the busivess und desirous of closing 1t up., Ikilled off one of my widuws wnd [ her place substituted Sabing Ko Mudge, and no auspieion was excited at the Pension Ollice. 1 [ had kept Mra. Mudieo ut Ports. mouth, whero I called her nto belug, all would have been well, But fmoved ber to Bath, and when [ attempted to kil her off, the matter at- tracted attention.” “I'hen you wrote the notice of Mra. Mudze's deatly which lirst appeared fn the Boston Fost, usked the repurter, ** Yes,” replivd the Captaln, I went to Bos- ton for thut very purpose, and there's where [ again put wy foot fu i % ** But," continied the Cyptalns after a slighit pause, ** I can’t h?rlf thinkWg my sentonce a gcyoro one. 1 am 03 years old and shall never liyo to sce my T4th year, Isu't It a queer state of ufatrs,’ suld the Captaln suddenly rislng on his eibow, “when oue nan (s sentenced to twelve years in the State Prison for steallng 818,000 from the Government, sud another man steals as muny millions, und vet in splte of the Mot of his steallng botng known, ho ia alterward clected to thu United States Beauve (" QUIIS, Excollent wash for the face—Water. A fare proposition—* Tickets, please," Birds are not noted for courage, but many of them die gume, Some trawps are good singersuntil theystrike a chiord—of wood. ‘Ihe fellow who rang the bell for a false alarm of fire tolled u lle. There will always be an B8.-N.-tfal difference between the North and South, Whatever objuction muay be opposed to whip- ping, it is at least undeniable that it makes a boy smart, Young man, devoted to and exoressly maou- factured for soclety, cluplng his head |0 azony : $ Ah, by Jove, how my hegd aches! Awlfully, by Jovel” E-aathizly fi'and, student fn dentsl-room: ° “Oh! you'd better Lave it pulled;” then, after a thopg¥¥4il pause,—*or dlled.” Pollent” meves ede- Vith an lojured air, and the vouthful dentiat amiles -after him more thoughtlully than ever.— Hurdette. Whnt a paradoxical crealure man (8! 1o takes to blotting-papor to keep from blotting paver. A clockat the f'aris Exhibition fired off a nis- tol hourly, The exhibltor explained that It was to **kill time," Ono srrites llleaibly to hide his bad spelling, s one contents one’s sell with a hnll smile to conceal poor tecth, “*An' why {s nn Irlshman lke a ship?" asked Mike, * Bedad, 1ts heeause alch ons of ‘em s followed by a wake.! * What's Jography, ol wqve telling of forrin lands that we know nothin’ about by ‘eute chaps that, never scen ’em.’’ Bill got a govern- ment situntion. * Why, Willle,” -snid his mother at dinner, “you ean't ruuimr eat another plato of pad- (i, can yout" * Ok, yes, I can, maj one tnore plate will just M the Bil).» 4f Ajnx had only bootad a lightning-rod agent at the time that hie detied the thander-holt, his fenown would rest on a more solld busis than it does now.—Stamford Advocate, ‘‘ Does prohibition prohiblt?" asks on ex- change. We don't lajow, Now stand atill whilewe give vou one. Dous applicatinn apple! Or, if you wani nn casler one to begin, does emigration Emmal—Erchange, Thete onca was a garrulous drummer, + Who likewisc was knows o bununer, Hu went (othe West ' o pull dawn his vest, And didn’t get back till next summer. Broathitt County, Ky., is described in the Loulsville Couricr-Journa! as: *'—a land whero revolver aml rifla Arc used for the purpose uf ecttling disputes; Whore life is remarded as only a trifie, Aud 'tls ustial for people to die In thelr boots,' THE ASIATIC PLAGU Tho Rev, Honry 1L Jessup Doclores that Hot Weather ind n Strlet Quarantine Wil Alwnys Cheek K. New Yoni, 14.—T0 the Ititor of the New York: Tribunc: ‘There are two facts with regard to the Aslatlc vlague which your readers may be interested to know, Having lived in Syrin for twventy-threo years, ! have hoard much with vegard to this dreaded scourge, although dur- iug this whole perlod It las not once vislted either Syrla or Egypt. ¥’ ‘The plague canot exist In Lot weather, In its whole history in Syria, as far ns I have boen able to learn, it has wenerally made {ts appeur- ance in winter months, and always suddenly und ubsolutely disappeared on the ndvent. of hot weather fu the middle of Junc or 1st of July. 1t has then heen dormant until the followhig danuary or February, when 1L would reappear, Durlng the past few years it bas broken out regulurly in Bagdad® during the winter, but vanished utterly by the lat of July or there- about. The Syrinits huve no fear of plague in hot weather, “Heut seems to burn t out, und destroy its power of fufecthys the bodies, the clothing, or the ouses ol men. ) :t |8 that a rigld quaranting wiil the plague nna stamo it out, Il overleap quarantine walls and travel through the ulr; the plazue travels only by contact, by belng carrled from one body or objeet to another, From the time of the estah- llshment of strict quarantine in the Turkiah Empirc untll noyw, the plague has never uttalned hnrllnus proportions. - When {t broke out fn azdud 1t was conllned to Bugdud and fts tmmo- dinte viciulty by the Yurkisn quarantive. The Matiometans do not believe in quarantines, aid fought against them at flrat \Hl’l fanatical stub- bornness. Yeara ago the City ot Tripoll in Syria was the capital of the province, but when tile Sultan oroposed to establish the general quarantine statlon for the Syrian coust at thut polnt, the fanatical Moslem threszened violence, und compelled the authorities to establish it at Beirut. "Krom that tima Tripolf sank fnto cot- varative insfenificance, and Belrut became the chiel city of “8vriw The doctrine of fate akes the - Moslems stoleally indifferent to pestitencs; und cven vs late 8 the cholera visitation of 1875, thousands dicd In Damascus withont calling for a pligsician or using a remedy, They regard it as treason to the Koran to run away from pestilence or reslst lg. But the Sultan, under pressure Irom the Europuan Powers, hus culorced guarantine throughout the Eropire, so thut even the half- civilized musses of the Turklsh und Arab popu- lation mou lonzer dread the plaguo as -they (id furty years agu. 1 Hot weather and quarantine then are the two focs of the plague, Should the plague appear in any town of “the United States it conld bo ab- solutely confined to the town by n rigid and fuitbful quarautine. Hallroads are thy tnost dangerous disseminators of nfectious discusps, They conneet provinees ana empires, und carry pussengers und frefent so rapidly by day antd night thut nothlng but actual “cessotion of travel fud traflic will disarm thelr power for evil durling the existenco of the plogue. During the prevalence of the ulfiue in " Bagdad, the usuai caravans from Bardad to Damaseus were suspemled, und the dates und tobuceo of Bag- dad (el into disrepute. The present severs quurantive regulations m Russia uguinst Astra- Khan, und 1 o:her countrles ugamst Russly, are eminently wise. If the plugue can be con- fined to Astrakhan untll July the danger to Western Europa will vrobably be over for this year, Iexny f, Jussur, of Belrut, Syrin. Ealr, Jessup's statement that the plaguc can- not exist in not weatlier 18 entitled to reapect, though contrury to the commonly-recelved opimon. Moreover, stutlsties of the great rluzuc of London fu 1665 show that the deaths n August and Seotembder vastly outuumbered those i cooler monthis, Oun. tiie authority of * Chamhers' Encyelopwedia,” the deaths from the plague [n June were 606. in July, 41203 in August, 20,0463 fn September, 86,203 in Octo- ber, 14,3783 {n'November, ,4{0; In December, less thun 1,000.—En.] THE TELEPIONE. Wistory of the Sposking Telephune—The Clutm of Mr. Gray. Landon Nature, Dec, V2, . Rorar CoiLeas or Beiknce, Dunin, Dec. 9,—As the writer of the article on the history of the telephone, to which so eminent an uu- thority us Prof. Watson takes exception 1u the loug und Interesting letter he las contributed to your columus, nerhaps you will utlow me to ey o few words, Prof, Wutson expresses his sastomshioent ub the clalin bow made thut e (Mr. Gray) anticlpated Mr, Bedl tn the hrvention ol the speaking tolephone,” umd speaks of the *erroucous statement ol fuets contmined in the artiele in questiun {.\'(lhln. Yol XVIIL, p. 696), Unfortunately, Prof. Watson has not specifieil the statements which are erroneous, wnd appears to bave overlooked the fuct thut the article is a review of the works of Mr. Prescott und M, du Moncel on the wlnyhcuc. and that tho **statements of facta' aro chiefly quotations fram these works, At the same tine, usiyg all the matorisls within my veaeh, earciul luquiry had led me to concur, and I that artlels | expressed my concurrouce, in the followlg apluton, quoted from' Count du Mancel's baoks 81 M. Bell u ote le promler o conatrulvo ct a rendre pratique Jo telephons par- lant, M. Eilsna Gray avalt lo premice concu lo wrincios de eet Instrument.”” Uray aud Bell were both exhibitors at the Philadelphla Exliblon, aud Prof. Watson, writing as one uf the judges of the scicntitle lu- strumenta exhibited, shows thut, whilst Gray merely submitted to the judges an apparatus for the mnltiplo transmission of musical notes, und 0o speaking telophono, Boll not only exhib- ited a speaking telephone, but, towards the end of Jung (18718), the judizes, Prol. Watson und 8le Williatu ‘Taumpsan, obtalned with Bell’s in- strument the clearest evidence of the electric transinission of speechy, whorouvon Mr, Gray was bath surprised snd inceredulous, sud, even aftor the publication of - Prof, Bell's discoyery, he deltvered a lecture oxhibiting lis munlu( teloplione, but making no mention of a speaks ing telephoue, f the Philadelphia Exhibition wers (ho only muouua for scientitic publication during the year it exlsted, Prof. Watsou's lotter wanlfi efféctu- uly disposo of Gray's claim. Ao exibition, uowever, 18 not the vlace for conceptions, but for uccomplistied facts, uml I believe no one de- niles that to Mr, Bull 1a dug all the credit ol hav- In¢ been the first to coustruct, and that inde- uc:xdcnll[\s of Gray, an srileatatiog electrie toles vhove, Uray's clafm, as T tuko §t, rests on his baving registered in the American Patent Office, ou Feb, 14, 1870, * 4 meays of transmitting sid recelving yocal sounds telegruphically and tho drawlng he 2ives of bis fuventton shows a correct uppreciation of the true principly of an articulating telephone, to which his previous researches hud been gradually leading him, 1ohould Lu sorry to appear in any way to de- Pruchuu th udid achluvements of Prof. Buil tirough buving retered to other workers {n the feld of electr Mulepbuu?'. In fact, up to the Hmo the article w Nalure appeared, I fear, through wuorance, 1 had done but scunt justice to Mr. Gray, having attributed the conceptlion of the priuciple of an articulating telepnone solely to Prof, Grubam Bell, ‘There are two poluts in_the history of the tcluphone upon which § should be very glad to huve authorita- tive Information from Prof. Watson or ather ol your Awmcricsu readers; the flrst relates to the clalm mado by Prof. Dolbcar, and the sec- ond to the {utroduction of the forrotyve diapbragm, W, F. Bagrnsrs, Strong Testi rong Testimony from Hon, Genreg & tha Power of lewnyh]:c1d:mngnsctln E i‘h Caso of Seiatic I eunatism, s T N0, 3 VAN Nras 1y, N B timtrroaiont i@y Rnkicn,an'ag e 4 g turing the time T have heen ¢ tried aimost il the somedios seo o SMIeted. {hy LR, Fecommenided o1 g r|"“"mll‘u : nox'mm 10 00 relter, Hu o L’.’;J‘,‘; inve tried varlons kind outward apicALOns n\!n":“’l.){e'n'uhf;,;“"l!mxmhn\ ineation, and prescriptions uf thin Mo sppmCrl ta S At teh Tl Rl e oLt A n e nrgo) . (xeho hiad been atdlcted by myse R et Heot yourremedy. 1 wwas Tiicn Racuein et toiry of my old Lurns, Tomy murpriss g Tithony appifeation Eato e duwe, n ths 45 e paris advciea’ied n ercated by 1o Rellel, — {'a W M iy cntirely away, nlihough | uve g d 3 hne} appronchiag o chango of weathor. | kopo . iAttacey cure mysclty and feel qufte master of ARror0¥ i TADWAY'S WEADY. (e © aitustiey? e 7 17°my fri travel without 2 7 triend, | I FAnout #botult n my valise, ey GEL. BTARR. RUEUMATISN, - NEURAL1,, P, Soro Throt Diffoult Brenos RELIEVED, IN FEW MINUTES, oy RADWAY'S READY RELIER, For neadache, whel U o bRt e ass {7 BT : eheumattom, e n X, tning o neys: jaing azonnd the liver, plouriy, svepms 0 joints, pains in tho bowels, s i e of the !ilx}zh. FDBIRINg a0 Trosthiten o, TAITS ofai fc Tadway's Rey nteure. Price, st "B BB RADWAY'S READY RELIEy CURES THE WORST PAINS In from One to Twenty Minutes, NOT ONE HOUR Aftor Reading this Advortisement any ono Suffor with Pain, i RADWAY'S READY RELI CURE FOR LYERY PATY, It was tho first sod [s the ONLY PAIN REMEDY ‘That Instantiy stops the most excruclating e R St R R el P iliy Lungs, stotnach, liowels or other glauds ot urgany LY RS applichtions In from One to Twenty Minules, No matter how violent or excruciating the paln, th " Rheuuatic Bed-ridden, iz, Cripice, Nervou CuUrBIgIcs OF Prosiratcd with dlscase inay sager, o RADWAY'S READY RELIER WILL AFFORD INSTANT EASE, Inflammation of the Kidueys, Inflammation of the Bladler, Inflarmation of the Lowels, Uongestion of the Lungs, Sore Throat, Difficult Breathing, . TPalpitation of theTleart Ilysterics, Croup, Divhtheria, Catarrh, Inflaenza, Tleadache, Toothaclie, Neuralgid, Rhenmatism, Cold Chills, Ague Chills, Chilblains, mnd Frost Dites ief will affurd {mmediat fora few dsys eilect & porm: Ths apnlication af tho Keady Tellef to e partol parts Whers the pata or QITenity cxista vil ajer exa mfort. hirty to sixty drops in half a fumbler of water wil Inafew lnhunuu:uxil Gramps, S\,rr.mn‘ :n'.ux-a i arrhits, Mearthumn, - Elckleailachie, D iy grier Wind i the I mtall inte: s, ‘i ravelers ghiould always carry a boitle. ITATS READY 1 1EL wi hem. ~ A fuw, drons in waie [t provent alcknens or nnind (rant chani of it ILts better than French Brandy or bitters a1 8 iiew ant, ¥ FEVER AND AGUE FEVER AND AGUE cured for fifty cents. Therelt oL A Temetnl AEELL ) (g 320180 Ut vl eare Feree AT S e ey Typlh ilow, and uther Fevers (alded Pl Cteksy o AT AV HEADY” § FIity'ccts per bottie, DR. RADWAY'S Sarsapariliian Resolvent, Till} GREAT BLOOD PURIFIER, FOR TIIE CURE OF CHRONIC DISEASE. SCROKULA OR S ¥ PILITIC, Y 08 L0 AGIOU: HEREDITAR A’ Lunge or Huihely ey wris 7 CORRUPTING T’{"llflalwf')b AND VITIATING Chronte Itheumatisay, erofilla, Olandular Swellfs, Macking ey Cough, Gancerons Aliesiluus, YRGS Compiufnis, Ticciniyof tha Tunes, Dyschls, WAt B O lse s, Mierciirial, Disesich F: cers, Bk and 10p qurial Dl e ats "Complalnts, Gout, Dropey, chitis, Coasumption, Liver Complaint, &c. iy Not only does the Rarsaparfilian "!ln"_!lll Glxfiwl remedlul igents in the cure of Chrunic, BT okl and biia Disoases, but 1 18 oo positive cure tor KIDNEY AND BLADDER CONPLANTS, vamb Diseases, Gravel, Diabetes. Dront, &flfiffl:‘&’r‘\\?fl D s, of ur\nc«d",'g';‘,: ) iabae, Albumiiuris, aud (ol cases where HEE L rii-diat deposits, OF (o water 1t thick, GO mixed wlitsubsiances ko e, whiie, of 2ty Threade’ lca white: aik: ar tere e 2 bt bilfous nppearance, and_ white |«-ue-dm{ when pa% g wator, and pal ot tus back 108 folan." Bola"by druayikia, FIHILE ONE DUL OVARIAN TUMOR OF TEN YEARS GROYIH CURED ByDr.RADWAY'S REMEDIES. DR, RADWAY & C0., 82 Warren-st ____.’——4 DR. RADWAYS REGULATING PILLS weet Pepfoctly tasteleus, elegantly cated wid ez, SuretEiaes, e inte, parliy, cleamse, a0 SESGTY sy Ele or, tho cure of 8l daordiMchn Stomach, Liver, Bowels, Ridnerk FIUEGL, jede Diovises: Heatache, Coustivattony Costiiiut, i geation, Dyspeseta, Blifoustint It O e 13 BF tho Howels, 1ilcs, snd ull derar a0t cur Terual Viscers, Warea,ted 10 elect § ihpiperl Purely Veuctuble, coutalutug 80w gt Ot thio following aymptoms Tew! i Dpliorders of the Digeativs Ur, poodls ‘Con-tipation, Taward Piles earun tho Heai, Actdity of the stowse o Disuss of Food, Fulluess oF W liahits our jzructations, Sk fuled 25 18 Hlotach, AW Niearr, CHaE or buloca: i Vel he bight, jow e S§ehs before th gl Veliowacas] Denclangy of SiATnd Eyeh, Patu dulnu ‘;‘ }l‘."‘fl s o @ aboyg-oamed fram ML o, ot By Drugateis . -RBEAD i « Fralse and Trie $ ., 3o, B Send s lettagatamp to RADWAYA CO B O thoussnds willbo 1% Lt it sl i priers.