Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 26, 1879, Page 7

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY. JANUARY 2, 1879—SIXTEEN PAGES. - ONEIDA COMMUNITY. fim Oniy Avowed Free-Love Associ- ation in the United s States. Tmpressions of Mr. A. J. Grover, Who Tecently Visited the Com- munity. Svecial Corresponderice of The Tribune. Osza ConnoNITT, N. Y., Jan. 19.—Agreea- sle to promise I write you from the “Home» of the onty practically and avowedly Free-Love community in the United States. I propose to 18l your readers what these zood people gay of apd dlaim for themselves. They have not usu- slly been reported from their own, but from an anfriend!y point of view. There are twenty-eight associations of men gnd women, more or less on the co-operative plan, i the United States; reventeen are of Shaker origiu or character, in which co-opera- tion and celibacy are Zhe peculisr features. There sre six or seven Where the monogamic marriage is maintained, with nothing peculiar except some relizious dogma or superstition, apd co-operation. There is only one—the Quelds Community—where Free Love and Stirpicolture are united with co-operation, as aistinguishine principles. + Many of these co-operative assoclations are the spiritual children of the “Brook Farm,” Aassachusetts, experiment, iu_which Dr. Will- am E. Channing, the Rev. William H. Cban- {oine, Georze Ripiey, Dr. Jobn C. Warren, Mar- «t Fuller, Georze W. Curtis, and other dis- tipguished thinkers and writers were the lead- ing spirits. Horace - Greeley, C. A. Dana, Park Godwin, T. W. Higginson, Henrs James, and others beralded the details of the exzperiment, 20d the principles upon which it was based, far snd ‘wide through the press. The-result in a quarterof & centusy, of the sced then sown, s a presty good crop of communities i this country. The Opeids Community is located in the Town of Lenos, Madisou County, N. Y., three a0d one-half miles southeast of Oneida Village, on the New York Central Railroad, fn ope of 1he fipest vallevs in the State, and was started jn 2 emall wayio 1848, with material trins- planted from Patney, Vt., under the leadetship of the REY. JOHX HUMPHREY NOYES, who was then 37 vezrs of age. Mr. Noyesis a cousin of President Hayes, and also of United States Minister Noyes, now at Paris. He would be & marked man anywhere; being five fect teninches in bight, of commuanding . presence, snd very positive character. He studied at Amherst, Dartmouth, Audover, and Yale. His father was a college-graduate, a State Repre- sentative, and member of Conaress. In leading seligious princinles he is osthodox, but is hated by the osthodox peovle as muchas Col. Inger- soll. He insists that religion ought to mean something, and should stand for something in ‘practical life. The resson why John Humpbrey Noyes has been able to build up. the Oneida Community and tolenore the recogmized relation of- the sexes, and economical institutions and authori- ties of the country and the world, is because he is really 8 moral bero, a practical gepius,-and & religious _enthuslast, equal td' the under- tskinez. The men sud women ke has pathered about him, and, as they fully be- lieve, blessed, believe that he is inspired. This consiction has come froi always finding him to beright in all his calculations, policies, and plans. The writer asked him, * How he got the moral coursge to . radieally” defy the usages of society as he did_ thirty years azo, and does stillt? He re- Dhed, ~1 don't kuow, I don't think it was courage. [ was always bashful and timud, and lacked confidence in myself. But, while Isckine the coarage, I conld nevertheless do no otherwise than 1 did and have done, b«i catse I have alwsys felt that 1 was right an mudt go forward in the path of dufy. You may wall it fortune, luck, or. providence, but I callit religion, and datr, and the belp of God.” With Noyes, as with Luther, Wesley, and oihers, it 1s relizious enthusiasto, but coupled with a genius for praciical affairs that will be found to be the secret of his success. Hean- -ticipated Maudesly, Carventer, Dr. Howe, and the othier scientists in the conception of the transcendent importance of TOEZ LAWS OF HERBDITY AND REPRODUCTION 25 applied to the human race; and, haviog the idea, bie prozecded to apoly it by bold innova- tion “jn 1he face of u trowning world.” e saw the excess and debauchery in marriage, and 1he social evil and prostitution outside of mar- riage; iu short, e perceived the universal abuse of {hé sexual, parental, and reproguchive facul- ties and functioos of the race, and prooosed to £oL an exampie of virtue, purity, and obedience, through intclligeut instruction, religious sud moral influence and restraint. £ 1t isclaimed by these people that actual facts and experience show that sexual excess- among themselves, as compared with the outside Christlan ‘churches, is 75 per cent less, and that vinue and purity is therefore ™ per ceat. superior to the virtue sud purits in ordinsry churches. That this result bas been arrived at-by careful inves- tigation of facts and experience. It is claimed thatmen and women here sre ebsolutely free in their relations to_each other, subject to the moral, religious, and spiritual infuences of the #Family.” That what is called * compiex” marriage s not the subjection of women, as in the mopogumic marrizae of Christendom, but-| that womea with Wem theoretically ands prac- tically are expected to maintain & position of independezce and freedom which will enable sud entitle them to receive or reject the atten- tions of men according to the law of aitrac- tiop. but that. obedience to the high- est stundard required by the laws of purity. buman nature, aud the spirit of Christ_are expected aud enforced by the very atmospbere of Oncida suciety; if necessary, by admonition and criticism. Aud thus in respect 10 all dutles and proprieties, There is no other disciplive whatever, except expulsion, which Las been resurted 1o in one instance only. It is positively asserted that there is 75 per cent less excess, and, therefore, 75 per cent more VIRTUE AND PURITY AT ONEIDA thanin outside churches. This is an jmportant cam, und challenges investigation. If it is reall¥ true that Free Love can show better reeulis than’ love in _chains: that love is mnot % tzer or hyena when turned loose, but is " a gangerous ‘animal’ only Whea in the tron-barred cage of statute, muuici- ral and common law, then Comstoek should be bolished, Heywood compénsated, and Noves awarded a large measure of respect and honor. 1t thigis true in fact, itshould be Known to all students of social seienve. 1 is respectfully £urgested that a jolnt committce be apnointed 05 Oneida and the churches to investigate and Tepart on this point.. P lhe civilization and form of society which fiemdums the best men and women must be the est. Scrual purity ‘and restraint are found Ohly fn the best m2n and women. If this vir- Lue s better fostered, and better results can_be found in- the Overds eystem than in other ¢hutches, §g it not. high time the world knew it? Concerniyg p 4 THE PARENTAL RELATION, there ieems 1o be as much fatherly and mother- I¥ affection, and as ten-er, 2 in the best socicty outside. And truth compels me to say that the ildren are much better: cared for than the arerage in the best society outside. Arrange- ments for auusemeuts, vurseries, and educa- bom especially industrial educaticn, which is scarcely regarded outside, are, to all appear- uce, evervthing that can he desired. - Children e not unweicome_accidents at Ogeida; they S1e never 1aurdererd before or after birth, and Dever megiected or abandomed by parents or the Community.—never left to crawl about the kitches, to tip over ‘tne tea-kettle. fall into 2 tub of hot water, on to a red-hot stoye, intoa ¥ell or elstern, to be kicked by horses, hooked by cows, bitica by dogs, drowaed in_ponds, or Tuined in ealoons, gamuling-dens. or brothels,— 6t one of these crimes, accidents, or misfor- gl:fis }mring ever overtaken a childof the Com- ¥ Cav any churcn fu the ldnd say as much as 1o the crimes referred tn, to say nothing about accidents, saloons, and brothelsd It would be absurd, of course, to Claim tat accidents cannot hapoen st Oneida. Itis only claimed tnat_young children are uot thus exposed, as in ordiuary Jamihes. One accident did bappen, A woman and her boy Joined the community. They brought £2.000. ‘e bor, at 36 vears of age, injured nis Epine while working with a stump-machine,; which dicabled him for life. Sotae years after the mother and ber son leit the-Community to Jll‘:; :—fl: Triends outslde. ' The Community re- o lier her §2, a Sheepirt Shoon -0 and gave the boy, a5 What other Charch can show a better record ©F & more generous uct ¢ ) L There have been fifty children born slive'in -| diphthieria, for fi §l,m ifteen years. Olneldn, in nine years, and not ons has died, and nhl fre now well and free from disease. Five children have died at or about birth, and there 12 ot been a single case of ‘abortion. - In the United States, 30per cent of. the children die ‘under 10 years of age. In Oneida, there has 1wt been 2 caseof croup, cholera infantum, or s record shows at least that the children £et prelty well born and have pretty good care 1rom souiebody after they are born. If any church of 250 married members can £how a better record, let it be heard from. The Oueida folks have a right tobe judaed by facts, and not prejudices,— GIVE THE DEVIL TS DUE. Fiftv children in nine sears, and no deaths, except five that gied at birth from vatural causes, und not one case of miscarriage or abor- tion, in a Free:Love community numbering 250 able-bonjed men und women, I8 an interesting fact, and tends toat least corroborate the state- ment that there js 75 per cent mere virtue amone them than in any church-society of equal number. The Oneida Community is_first and character- istleally a church or religious institution. These ™ people are _ practical people, -and -mot theorists. For instance, = tlhey insist that the rule of Christ, viz.: *‘He that would be greatest among you let him be servant of all,”” meaus just what is expressed, and they live it, actually and lterally, in serv- ing each other, and in forgetting self. They insist that the rule that prevails in so- called civilized and Christian, communities is exactly the onposite of the Christian rule, and might be expressed as follows, viz.: ¢ He that would be greatest among you let him, by fair mu;nl; m:,lonl, compel as mapy to serve him as possible. - The Oneidans maoke A broad distinction be- tween loving the brethren, or endeavoring to love, and endeavoring to be loved. The one i3 the essence of selfishness, the other the expression of benevolence. To pray to be loved, wou'd be wenkness; the desire of an unmauly or an uowomanly spirit. Bug, tie prayer to be ecpabled to love und do,good to others is the lnfty and noble aspira- tion of truc manbood and womanhood. That in this distinction lies the secret, in most cases, of-marital discords and miseries, .and the multi- tude of diverces, and forced maternity .and child-murder in the wicked outside world. In the priociple that all must work for the general good, when apolied to life, lics about all there is of Communism and Free Love. - TO BE A GOOD COMMUNIST AND FKEE-LOVER is to be a good Christian, and to be = good Christian is to be 2 good Communist and Free- Lover. That the reason why the so-called Chris- tian churches are so wrong-beaded in doctrines, is because they are €o wrong-hearted in practical i * He that doeth My will shall know of the doctrine.” Hence the Oneidans go to work to “dothe will," and by doing bave learned of the troe doctrine. Tuoughtful men, philanthropists, statesmen, and philosophers, have come to question whether civilization can advauce uch furiber without co-operation industrially. The rich are growing richer and the poor poorer. Poverty is a curse, and riches no less, as now obtained and used. Republican government does not and caunot save from moropoly and competition, from covetousness and dishonesty, {rom extortion, corraption, stesling, and general plundering, under law, or by law-breaking and law-making, in the interest of individuals and classes. - The fame economic causes will - inevitably produce the same results in a Republic tbat have been arrived at in Europe, ¥iz.: Paupers on one hand —the masses—and Royal aristocrats and their pimos on the other. Phiiosophers and philanthropists also see that the subjection and serfdom of woman, and ber devendence on man for bread, will continue to produce the same results in the future that the nistors of all the Kln“ discloses which grow out of sexual: disobedience and ex- cess. That the true relation of men aud women in society, and as parents, has yet to be practi- cally attained,—the sexualproblem has yet tobe solved. ' The Oneida folks claim to have solved both questions, by tke study of the New Testa- ment,—by catching the true spirit of Christ, and allowing it to rule their lves. ONEIDA PEOPLE ALL WORE. There are no drones in the hive. No *head, hands, and feet,” as in_Plato’s Republic or Fourier's system. With Oncida people, it is a sin to comnpel or permit one’s burdens to be car- ried by others, when one can just as well carry them himself. Each must produce what lic consumes, or he is regarded as in fzct a drone, a sponge, & robber. The children are tiught fodustry instead of creeds and catechiss, under the” theory that they will know of the true doctrines fast enough when they have learned to do right. Parents set the example of industry, and 2l love to work. A busy life is easily a virtnous life, while idleness leads to viee. Yet all work and no play is not allowed to make Jack a duil boy. All, old and voung, find time for play, study, social enjoyments, rest, and meditation. "The Oneida *“Ifome,” or residence, is a palace situated among trees in one of the pre tiest spots imaginable, and is. arraured and furnished with all modern improve- ments for Iabor-saving, convenicvce, and comfort. Great care und attention is given to healthful cooking, ventilation, baths, cleanti- ness, aud sanitary remulations renerally. Tu'all these particulars the Home 15 a model one; and much better than the average of the homes of the willionaires of the outside world. Of the housekeeping in all departments too hizh praise can scarcely be awarded to the Oneida women. No whiter table and bed linen, 1o brighter silver and rlass, no cleaner carpets and floors, no more tasteful hangings and gen- cral arrangements, can be found anywhere. I am_ afrmd, however,- that it is true, as with women outside, that the Oneida women work harder and more hours than the men. It robably is inevitable, from the impossibility to cave bebind or drop at once all thie habits and customs of the old system. It may be well doubted whether womsu in Oneiaa has been fully emancipated. v THE PARM contains about G00 acrcs, and isa model. The orchard is large, and produced, 1 believe, the ast season, 10,000 bushels of apples. _Seventy- g\'e Ayrshire and Holstein cows are kept, and fine specimens_of the bloods are bred tor sale. Attention is also given to breeding fine hogs, though this sort of meat is wever used at the llome, nor is any lard used, but, like the Jews, this unwholesome meat is sold by the Obeldans to tne wicked Gentiles, who don’t know any better than to cat it. Whatever else may b said, these peo- le are certainly thrifty. Thev work up apples 1nto boiled cider, cider-hooey (a jelly of sweet ‘apple-cider), cider apple-sauce, etc., ete.; which are canped and sold. ‘They have sold $100,000 worth of canned zoods, about $100,000 worth of spool ilk, and about the ssme amount of stecl traps, during the year 18¢S. They bave recently begrun o mew industry,—the manufacture of chains,—which promises to become an imvor- tant branch of business Wwith them. In this branch can be employed to advantage the labor of chiidren, who delight to use the bammer, are also taught to make Doxes for poacking fruit, silk, etc., and the nail-driving Dropensity of tlie boys is thus turned to_profit, and the boys tauzht to work at the same’ time. THE *FPAMILT" T meet every evening fn the hall orchapel, s beautiful irescoed room, with galleries and a stage, and plenty of easy-chairs, and light in abundance, and ot these meetings every topic of business, literature, science, ceonomy, "religion, reform, and discipline is 1o order, and may be discussed in Committee of the Whole. These ‘mectings are said to be very pleasant and profit- able. Dancing for an hour und a balf, at 6 p. m., with_a good band of music, is beld in ! Liall, in whicl old and young, children and babics, participate. It was my pleasure to be present last evening at one of toese daucing socables. aiid it was @ very enjoyable oceasion. The babies® eyes danced with joy and uxunmengl i they were too young to take the floor. . The ifdren wear short dresses, which enable them to dance gracefully and with ense. Chilaren are taught doncing, and the young men and ladies are fine dancers. THE LIBRARY g coptains 5,000 volumes, is well-selected, and evidently well read. Quite 2 respectable herba- Tium and patural history collection have been made, and rooms_vrovided for them. . The rooms, furnitere, Turkish-baths, cooking and laundry appointments. beating_apparatus, etc., are most excellent. . Women take turns in superintending all the depart- ments of work, which renders the labor comparatively easy and agreeable. A woman suvenintends the silk factory; 8 woman recent- Iy had charge of the account books and cash of the Community. THEZ NURYERY DEPARTMENT, . 1am afraid, if 1t could be examined by all the women in the United States, would coovers them to a belief in community life, and make them very discontented with the drudgery, and svear, and tear of oerves, with which they aru burdened, whatever they mighi thiok ol the social arrangements, which maoke the nursery necessary.’ - The reports originating with the New York Zimes regorter last suminer, of threatencd dis- ruption of the Community, Were gross exagera- tions, or wholly untrue. _'Thé Oneidn Community was never 6o strong ‘or prosperous 23 it is oW, and It is Bow both strong and prosperous. o Ler me dispose of some questions categor- ically: - “Are ' not the women inferior, careworn, end dispiriteal Noj to_all appearance they are hsppy and cultfyated. Are the children ape- rior! Some, say one-third, decidedly 50 the re- mainder about average, except in point of health, they average decidedly superior to the ay- erage outside. Who determines parental unions? ‘The women interested, mainly. “nAro, Oneidaps Spiritualists as well as Chris- ns? ‘They are geverally inclined to believe in spir- itual agencies, What does it cost to live per capita 7 Avout 380 per year, for food and clothing, the past year. Special efforts, however, have been made to economize, and this includes all ages. 15 the Commurity in debt? iics‘ avbout $60,000; but this is for working capital stock and recent improvements. The grop%y of the Commuuity is worth some 3 Are the practices of the Community in viola- lation of the laws of New York? No, in no respect, it 15 said. 1s ;uz (:m.nmll NITY OBNOXIOUS TO THE PEOPLE? 03 on the other hand, it is ver) the nelzhborhood, " > Yoty popular in fio\;:';u the decease of Noves imperil the institu- - Itis claimed mot, in the least, as there are many men and women' amoog them welt quali- fled to manage the affairs of the Community. 1s not the foregomng account altomether too TOsy A view of the .Oncida Community life and practices? Very possibly it may be. But it is from the standpoint of its friends, as is customary, in stating the claims of all other churches and re- ligious nstitutions. To allow Oneida folis the same courresy to spezk for themselves that is permitted to all others would secm to be but simple, ordinary justice and_fair dealing; and I have accorded this. I have let Onelaa speak for itself, 50 taras I understand it, and can do so in a brief letter, A. J. GROVER. THE GAME OF CHESS Communcations for this department should be addressed {o The TRinUNE and indoreed **Chess,” v CITESS DIRECTORY. CHicaco Cness CLos—No. 50 Dearborn streat. Ctilcaco Crizss Assocratiox—Tlansen & Welch's, 150 Dearborn street, opposite Tuipuss Building. Chess-players meet daily at the Sherman House (Busement) and Tremont House (Exchange). TO CORRESPONDENTS. G. K,—The problems are rather too easy. No. 1 can aieo be olved by K 10 Q6. - M. W. G.—After1..P1o B 5, Qt0o Q5, 2..Ktto Q7 ch, why not Bl 2..K takes Bt H. A. G.—On re-examining the position we are mea to alter our opinion, It is ciearly a Problem No. 161.—Correct_eolution recelved from C. Hru:uonu bJ Kinkead, W. T. Trepo, E. B F. Paul, A, . Jacovi, N. agton. O. 1. Denjemin, and . Schoff, Ann Arpor, Mich, : E. 1), Is.; J. C. Mitchell, Mazomanie, Wis. erside, 1113 G. K Kelthsburg, i, : Kt., Bowmanville, 111, PROBLEM NO. 163. BY D. T. EROCK. Black. 77 V |7 - 2 7 White. White to playand mate in two moves, #,* The above problem is one of a set entered in the Association Tourney last summer. which set was disqualifed, one of the problems proving un- sound. SOLUTION TO PROBLEM XNO, 161. Tlack. © White, 1QuKns 1..Any move. 2..ates sccordingly. NOTES. Cincinnati boasts a chess_club over thirty years ole, which meets at the Young Men's Mercantile Library. There is talk of a match between Capt. Macken- zie and Mr. Von Bokum, one of the strongest Can- adian players. Mr. Totter played ten simultancous games against stronz players on Dec.. 9 last, and won elght, with two drawn. The match between Messrs. Adair and Uede- mann for the Chess Assaciation cups. now held hy the former, will probably commence next Saturday evening, at the rooms of the Association. The January number of Westminster Papers has reacbed us. A8 nsual, the Lodon clubs are act- ively cngszed in contests with each other, a fea- tuire of chesa In this country 20 concealed at to lead the Cincinnati Comrmercial to ask why club matches are not in vogue. The Papers prints Mackenzie's game with Judd, in which Afax* mated ‘the Captain in eight moves from thc **send off, " in a Scotch gambit; saving of it that **it 1s only ‘another Hlus- Tration of the mistakes of great chess players, ' The list of cumgetilnm in the late Association Problem Tourney has finally appeared. The Cleve- land Foice of the 12th inst. zives the full list of entries, es follows: 1._** Around the World In eighty days,” Ben S.Wash, st.'Louls. 2.7=5ic Transit," etc., Dr. C. C. Moore, New York. Vicat Inte} Omads,” G."E, Carpehter, farry- Sara,” W. . Costes, Cheltenham. Eng. 7 W.A. StilnEwmag, Grasd lapids, Mich. eint, . V. Frazer, & rancisco, Cal, fake'both ends meet.” . H, seymour, Holy- y enough;” C. Mohle. New York. jows, stand fast,” X. Hawkiss, Wolt Crag, Ferry. Ky. Open 1ocks whoever knocks,” W. A. Balla- W York. 1d Lang Syzie,” J. A. Graves, Delawars Wa- Au LB EN C. Mever, Logan, 0. id."etc., S. Loyd, Elizabe: Leo X Afair t J. Tstand ac the door and knock, ” Ben K. Foster, 5. £ 6 Kespice Finem,” G, S. Flynn, Brooklyn, N. Y. voruion, d- G. S1¥, TucKers Cross Roads, Knat, " R. Koerper. St. Louls. Nora, " Chatles White, Brizhtos, Eug. Quid Facicndumn.™ C. F. Weanbers, jonkoping, rp, Sweden. "Field of the Cloth of Gold,” D. T. Brock, Cht- 4 cago. 1t remains to be seen whether the avoe list will prove satisfactory Lo those who have charzed Mr. Loyd with padaing the tourney with bozus sets. Tiie Tury publishes the liac, but reserves comment for the present. The Holyoke Zranscript is siill suspiclons, and inquires, **Who is Fruzer. Meycr, ana Flynn?" Any one at all familiar with the compositions of Mr. Loyd who will taxe the trouble to examine the sets **Femt,"™ ** Leo XIIL" and **Respice Finem. " published in the April number of the Chess Journal, will turn from them with tho firm conviction that 'Samuel Logd bad no hand in their construction. CHESS IN MEXICO, The following game, lately played by Signor Vazquez, the lexdng plaser of Mesico, and W AL Carrington, Esq.. is furnished us by s friend, The score and notes are original. The game waa played atthe City of Mexico. EvaNS oAMDIT. —Mr, . s 2Kit0Q B3 Bio%% 358 25 5% ) 4 88 o -+ Saenexg OEREL 55 *onCH ot o 3 .. to K #a ch 3R T e . (8) A weak methoa of defense. {b) The best continuation 18 10, 3,71 P10 K 6, P takes P, 12 Ptakes P,'E 2 13Kt to Kt 5, Castles'(if 13 K10 B'3, P o K R 3. 14QRS5, PKRZ 15Kt to B7ch. R takes Ki. 18 Ptakes R ¢h. K1o R2, and, after winning the Pawn. Black remains with the 'better game. 1t —, 13Bt0Q2 12 Q B takes B, talios B, 15 B'takes B cb, K takes B, 18 Q to % ch, or, if 13 —. P10 Q B3, P takes P, and in either case White's position. for continning the at- ck 15 fne. uld) 1115 -, B takes Q. White recovers the Pawn and maintains his superiority. (e) Better 17 ——, Q Kt takes P, thereby pre- venting the development of White's game sospeed- ¥ iy %) A basty_ move, doublless. This Kt should bave gone to K Kt eq, and althongh Black's game 13 cxceedingly constrained, yet the only continaa- for storage of grain will be 1,500, tion at White's command, Viz.: 22Rt0 Q7. R to K B sq (the only move in reply), 23 P oK Kt 4, threstening to dislodge the Kt, would resalt'in Ieaving Black with the preferable game. Some in- teresting positions follow: 22 ——. "Kt takes R, z&q takes P ch, K to R2, 22Kt to Ki4, Kto R4, e () Of course, if 22 Ktakes Et, Pto K Kt 4 re-' covers the plece. () 2 — , Rtakes Et 18 the only means of prolonging the game, @) The ending s vory well plased by White. 1t o K to R &, 29 Q to KL7 ch, Ki takes Q, 30 Kt from Q 7 to 8 6 ¢, K to Rsq, 31 R rakes Hch, R takes R, 32 R tzkes R ¢h, and wins, () 3% Kt to K 6 woald merely prolong the game. B CHESS IN ENGLAND, Darine a recent visit to Chiselbirst the winner of the Paris tourney was_honored with sn invitation 1o Camden House, wicere the following game was contested. ‘The Prince Tmaperial, consulting with Baron Corsivart and Mr. Scrode, agamst ierr Zukertort, who played without sizht of boitd or men. The notes are spridged from tue Ficld: STAUNTON'S OYENING, White—The Prince Impe-| rial nad Allies. ‘Black—Herr Zukertort. 1..P 10K 4 BPwHn3 iPtoQ3 @ 1B G s @ 20 B0 lits 15..K1t0Q 4 (¢) 1Bk 1o o takes B (k) (u) Irregular, and manifestly obstructing the de- veiopment of White's K B. The authorized strong- est continuation at this point is B to Kt 5. (b) Considering the unusnal manner of conduct- ing the opening, tne allies vave well managed to steer clear of wreat difliculties. (c) Strict justice (o the position wonld, we be- lieve, have required takimg ff the B, but the per- former, bemng blindfolded like Thewis, needs no apology for throwing 1nto the scales of judgment hia conifidence in his own skill (d) 'P'he allies ougitt to have kept the farther ad- vunced K P at leust contined for some time by re- treating the B to B 2, and then they would have bad a chance of recovering ground by ¥kiliful play. (e) 1t was prefernble to bring out the K Ki to K 2; for if Biack replied 8 10 K &5, the unewer P 10 K It 3 compelled an _exchange ot retreat, and in the former alternative tacre was some Detter chance of tighting the game With the combined two L31sn0ps, even with u Yawn minus, ) Agamn Kt to K 2 was the right move, since Biuck would bave zained notbing” by the answer, Bk for White couid ihen capture the 13 with the K, followed by Kt to K 6 in unawer to 1 takey 8, recovering the exchange, with o tolerable game. (&) Well played. The blindfold performer takes the tiack promptiy in haud. (4) liad they taxen the Pawn, the game might have proceeded thus: And the Kt will so0n come n st Q B 6 with irre- stible force, (1) The allies would hardly have found a satis- factory answer to R to B 7, waile the move in the text somewnut relipves thein. (31_White properly scized the moment for taking the Pawn, Bnce the adverse Q R P had advanced 100 fur to be auy more dangeroue. (k) A curious oversight, which subjects them to mate on Lic move. Tac proper defense was Q R to K I sq, which might have cnabled them to oifer some further resistance. THE RAILROADS. TOE EAST-B0UND POOL. There is a general belief that the rozds from Indianapolis, St. Louis, etc., have cut the East- bound. rates, not because they bave found that the Chicsgo roads had been violating the tarifl, but because they want to **bulldoze™ the Chi- cago roads into forming on East-bound pool also. If this is their intention they will soon find out thut the Chicago roads are stiff-backed in- stitutions, and cannot be forced into an arrange- ment thatdoes not suit their tastes. They will agree upon pereentages and form the pool as 800U 26 they are ready, and not 8 momext sooner. "The'true inwardness of the Indianapolis and St. Louts roads can best be scen from the following from yesterdsy’s Indianapolis Journal : Had the General Managersof the trunk linesa little of the snup that the Western railroad men have, they would mect, and in ten minutes conld sciect un arbitrator for the Chicago roads, Their hesitation in_thie matteris notonly jeopardizing the pools now exstiug, butis 23 ‘well scriously reducing the earnings of the leading raitways of tue country, 80 low are rates. The General Managers of the trunk lines have all the *snap? that is necessary, but_the Pres- idents of the trunk linesare also the Presidents of all the nnes leading East from Chicago, and they are not willing o take any action contrary to their own interests. Asto low rates itis only necessary to state that they are as high as 1he” present prices of goods ~and products will ~ warrant, and il they were higher tie shippers would keep their property in store until the opening of navigation. The present rates are certainly better than what the roads will get when the vessels bemin to com- pete. An East-bound pool during the summer might be a nice thing for the Indianapolis and St. Louis roads, which bave no lake competi: tion, but for the Chicago roads it will never do, unless they mean to cut their own throats. SOUTHWESTERN RATES. The Commissioner of the Southwestein Ratl- way Associatisn gives notice that oo uud after Jan. 27 the following arbitraries will apply upon business from Boston, New York, Phila- delptifa, or Baltimore to St. Joseph, Atchison, Leavenworth, or Kansas City: From Toledo, first class, 99 cents; sccond class, 79 cents; third class,56 cents; fourth class,3) cents; special class, 34 cents. From Chicago, fitst class, §2 cents; second class, 05 cents; third class, 45 cents: fourth class, 30 cents; speclal class, 25 cents. rom St. Louis, -first class, 63 cents; second ass, 50 cents; third class, 32 cents; fourth class, 10 cents; special class, 14 cents. From Haunibal, first class, 01 cents; sccond class, &7 cents; third ciass, 29 cents; fourth class, 16 cents; special class, 11 cents, These rates ap- ply only on business orizinating at pofnts from which the rates to Toledo, Chicazo, St. Louis, and Hannibal are the same as they are from New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore to St. Louis on Missouri River business. TTEMS. The Mapleson Italian Opera Company will leave for St. Louis this morning at 10 1. m. on the Hlinois Central Railroad. The special tratu which will carry “Her Majesty’s Opera” to Bridgetown will consist of four coaches, one sleeping-car, Col. Mavleson’s private car, and two baggage-cars. ‘The New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad has conswnmated its plans for the construction of the monster elevator at dersey City, und work will at once be commenced. Ili¢ new structure will have a frontaze of ninety feet on the North River, and it will be 304 icet in length and 150 fect in hight. Its cost will bein the neizhborhood of $500,000, and its total capacity bushels. ‘The elevator will be bordered on the north side by a long and deep canal, with sufficient width 1o admit the free passage of the largest ocean steamship. ‘The manavers of the Western railroads ad- mit that they have been offerinz inducements to shippers to clean out their elevators in order to get more storage-room. They say. they bave been doing this to assist the Eastern roads to get this business, which otherwise will remafn quiescent until the opening of navization. As far as they are concerned they expeet to et the business any way Woen navization opens. If the present thaw continues a few days longer the ice in the river will break up, and the ves- sels can be moved to the efevators and loaded, which will greatly relieve the clevators, as there are vesecls enough in the river to store about 2,000,000 bushels of grain. e D— To Give It a Flavor, Gntversity_Magarine. An trishman visiting Dublin for the first time went into a tavern and called for a glass of whisky. It was brought to him with a slice of lemon init. Pat surveyed it for some minutes in wondering silence, and then, calling the wait- er, said i o balf whisper, “What's that?" * Lemon, your honor,” Wwas'the reply. *“Sure, 1 know that,” said Pat, who had never scena lemon before in his life, *‘but what's it there for1” “To give it a flavor,” answered the other. This was a wrinkle for Pat, who re- turped to his bog, and, on the first occasion of entertaining his_friends, slipped 8 slice of po- tato into cach mau's whisky. * What's the mantng of that, at all#” inquired one of the com- pany. * Don’t you know {t's to give 1t a favor,” replied the host, affecting supreme contempt of, the other’s ignorance. o —— Unequal Rights Philadelohia Bulletin. It & man poisons & Womax, it is murder {n the first degree. 1f 8 woman Doisons a man, it 18 murder in the sccond degree. And yet women keen clamoring for more rizhts. CUPID’S CAPTIVES. The Weddings of One Chicago Week, With Some Curious and Instructive Statistical Information. The County Clerk has donca good business the last week in issuing marriage-licenses, and, up to the close of business yesterday, had done all in his power to make 166 souls happy, and as many hearts beat light. He has issued licenses, ably assisted by bis urbane and gentlemanly clerks, toeighty-three persons during the week, and, as will be .scen below, the seekers after bliss bave not come alone from Chicigo, but the surrounding country has been well represented, and even the adjoimny States. The subjoined list contains the names of all persons to whom licenses have been issued, and also their respeet- ive ages, a8 they gave them, and places of resi- denc " Twai Age. Residence. J Peter Selzer . Northtield. 1 Margaretta B Northileld. Ered Sctialz . Purx Ridge. i Arlington Heights, Josep! Katie Peters § Goseseppo Lovice. 1 Maria Vitale. Jobn Griffin, i Mary Kennedy § David Quinn .. { Mary A. Evans.. § Chiristoph Talbot. {RosaBel ... . {Georse Dour Sallie Clemens § Wilbelm Grawzin ...43, 1 Mrs. Johaona Krak..37 5 850 W. & Taompsor... 32 380 a1 cugo, Chieago, 43 North Western av. 19 West Washington ....50 Eighteenth street. Chicago, Cicero, Cicero. 72 Deerlng. Phiiomene Tallman, G. A, : ’l Marth: 705 Michizan avenue. C. Ryan ... 93 East Kinzie. 209 Michigan. 9 Centre avenua, isk. 607 North Wells, ..South Evanaton. Nortofield. Northiield. Chicago. _Shenoygan, Wis. “-.Chicago. 634 Wentworth av. Alice Dilhman. 3 Joseph Kordowsky..28. 1 Stapislawa Gulezich. 18 Peter Schiewberg. ...22 Margarct Welter. G. C. Wesslinz. 10 Newberry av. 52 Evergreel av, 2 Eversreen av. 604 Warren av. 01 Elw st. 265 Campbell av. 320 West Indiana. Lewont. 3finerva Houghton. Edward Burnham 1 1 1 ! 1Mrs, E. G. Schopf.. 8 8. Jefferson. § E. J.Ovinston, Jr... Mary W. Barnes * Grot T, Stabi. 1 1 1 ~Cicago. Chicago. Senominee, Wis. 830 Michizan av. {Julmn Arend! ‘Anna Domera {IonDa. o agdeline Pedling . Aug. Nemitz ... . Herming Guntz .. Martin' Stroder. Elizabeth Hurst. . Charles Joen. { Saria Noehlenbring, 3 W. 1. Tamii 70, L. Vorhees Krond Leerston. { Johunna Sorensen....20....Chicago, Danicl Moore.... .. 6% .."50 Thirtieth. .Chicago. T47 . Halated. 40 N Haisted. Kingston. 0 . 14f North Peoria. Hre. Frances Gates.. Fred Wendt... Ida Bliet. § Simon_Goidstein. 1 Kate C. Mayer A. Landowsky Joeephina Wing j Thomas Gilsness 7 JohannaJ. Reiten. {John W. Williams 7 Alice B. Brice. 2. 1. Mavpole Tackall 20 Eugene. Cleveland, O. .Cleveland, O. Baker. . Joseoh Quinn.. 28 Eiizabeth Gieason. Louis' Faithorn. 1 Sarah Habson... § Joun Mullholla } Hannuh Bevy, § George Schorb 1 kertrude Steelen David Normille. 19 Connell. 499 Wabash-av, 22 .. 12 South Green. 2%....967 Battergeld, 2 928 Wabash-av. 21....Caicazo. +17... 1114 Milwaokee-av. 1 Anoie M 29 § Tenry Neldest. .. 1 Minnie Schweim. *Those marked with an asterisk have before been marned and are known to have been divorcea. THE NATHEMATICIAN of Tr TRIBUNE, not the astronomer of the pa- per, busied himself last night in making a few computations aud deductions from the above- given fivures and facts. While his scrutiuy did not develop evidences of the sensatfonal elope- ment of a youth of 22 with a fair woman of 33 Jears and & husband, the mathematician pre- sents the results of his calculations with the hope that they may be found of interest to many inexperienced persons who are contem- plating embarking upon the perilous sea of mat- rimony. _Otherg, particularly those who may be compared to shipwrecked marivers basking in the supshive of a balmy 1sland of the southern geas, the disastrous voyage over, may find a grim satisfaction in contemplating the depart-~ ure of 166 souls in eighty-three boats; and in speculation as to the ability of the man- agers of the crafts to escape the rocks and shoals and weather the tempestuous gale and high-running waves. Be it known, then, that the negregate of the ages of the 166 oersons {8 4,241 years: the average are, 25 years 6 months and 17 days; the aggre- gate of the years of the males, 2,353; and of the females, 1,883, the average aze of the men, 28 years 4 months and 6 days; and ofthe wom- en, 22 years 5 mouths and 25 days; the average difference between the males and females, 5 vears 7 months and 8 days. The oldest person in the list is G4 years old, a man; the youneest, 17, a woman; the oldest woman, 48 years; the youngest man, 21 years; the years of the ~oldest. counle aggregate 102 — the man 6% the woman 35; the young- eas counle totaled 33 years—the man 21, the woman, 17; the greatest difference in the nge of husband and wife is 26 years—the bus- band 64, the wife 33 1n8 out of 53 cases the wife is older than the husband, the greatest dif- terence being 2 years. Of the 83 womeu 9 have been married before. (The statistics do uot show bow many of the men are widowers.) Two of the women tave been divorced from 7 e —— Ty lormer husbands. Nine out of the 166 people came from ootaide of tliis county.—9 runaway matches,—and 14 of the individuals are residents of the county outside of Chicazo. The revenue to fiao\:hcgmuly from the marital business above set forth smounts to $124.5 25 combination. Cheap blisar " oo 1o each R — LAW REFORM. Is Coatfication Practicable T To the Editor of The Trbune. Ca1cAGo, Jan. 25.—As defined in the preced- fog artiele, codification consists fo making a conclse statement and systematic arrangement of such principles and rules defining rights, prescribing duties, andregulating remedies as bave been settled by legislative enactment and judicfal ecision. In lezal parfance, the law which is recorded in the five thousand volumes of reports, which constitute the principal part of every perfect law library, is unwrillen,—so designated beeause in the early time, before the existence of a common Jaw literature, it was handed dowa by tradition from one gencration of Judges to another. This wasin the dawn of Anglo-Saxon civilization; yet the distinction between the written and uuwritten law is reverently preserved to indicate the differcnce between that which is written by the Legislatare and that which is written by the Courts. It isall written law, and that which has been written in the statute and the opinion may be written again in ofform divested of arrument and dis- incumbered from the special combiuations and complications of facts to which the abstract principle is apolied. ‘The proposed reform Is no untried expel ment; it is asold as the literature of the law. The evolution of the law is from the usaze to the code. The usage is developed into the cus- toms; from customs are evolved the rules which are recorded in detached enactments and juai- cial decisions, and theseare finally stated and | arrangedin the code. Legal systems derived from the fnner consciousness of the philosophers liaye always been (ound vistonary and impracti- cable. Locké’s “American Constitution’ was, 2nd Bentham’s proposed ** Russian Code”’ would have been found, beautiful in theory and wortk~ dess In practice. The codes of the semi-barbar- ous European nations from the eighth to the twellth centuries were mere reductions of ex- Isting usages and customs towritten form. The codes of Lycurgus and Solon were nothing more. The law of Rome was essentially cus- tomary until -reduced to definite statement in the Twelve Tables. After these, Dew customs were developed and new edicts, consti- tutions, and ooinfons of juris-consults were pro- mulgated. From time to time the laws were collected in revisions called codes, and finally ahoat the year A. D. 584, Tribonian and his associates, under authority conferred by the Emperor Justioian, reduced the laws of Rome to & code which abrogatea all distinctions be- tween law and equity, abolished forms of pro- ceeding, and rendered comparatively worthless the 2,000 volumes before necessary to every law library. The purpose Justinian sought to ac- complish was declared in the constitution creat- iog the Commission charged with the dutyof completing the first code: #To diminish the length of lawsuits and do away with the confnsed mass of constitutions coutained In the Gregorfan, Hermogenian, and Theodosian codes, published by Theodosius, by his successors, and by ourselves; we_wish to ‘put them all together in a single code under our own guspicious name.” The datics of the Commissioners were thus preseribed: “We permit them, suppressing preambles, repetitions, contradictory or disused clauses, to collect and classify tie laws under proper titles, adding, cutting down, modifsing. com- pressing, if need be, several statutes into a single enactment, So a8 to render the sense ‘more clear aud yet preserve in each title the chronological order, so that this order may be noted by position in the code as well as by date.” ‘The great work accomplished under these in- structions remains to this day the model of every system in Continental Europe—the most enduring monument of Roman civilization. The vain titles,” says Gibbon, *“of the vie- tories of Justinian are crumbled, but the name of the legislator is inscribed on a fair and ever~ Issting monument.” The grandeur of his achievements for the laws of Rome have almost obliterated the memory of his many crimes against all Jaws, human and divine. 'he mest celebrated of the moderz codes is the one which was promuleated during the vevolutionary era in France by the First Consal. The revolution destroyed the feudal and ecclesi- astical systems in Fraoce and substituted in the Girst instance a system founded on the territorial divisious_of the country. Each province was furnished with its own peculiar complications— oue having as a basis for a _hetcrozencous mass of regulations the civil law of Rome; acother, sncient traditions; another, orders of the Kiogs and the decrees of the Imerial Coan~ ils. Cambaceres aud a lew associates fnaugu- rated the movement for a radical reform. In 1800 Napoleun created a commission charged with the duty of examinicg the schemes of reform which hsd been proposed. to agree upon the onewhich should befollowed, and discuss the chief princinles of legislation.” Tn 1501 the Commissioners submitted their report, which was reviewed by the Judzes of the higher courts, and fivally considercd clause by clause in the Council of State. With all its defects of ar- rangement and construction, it has remained the law of France for nearly a century. The revo- Iutions which have ovckturned the Empire, the Kinzdom, the Republic, and the Commune have not displaced the Code Napoleon. The prov- inces of France conquered by her neighbors have changed their allegiance, but refuse to surrender the code, and it is to-day the basis of the laws of one American State which at that time wasa province of France. Space will not permit even a harried examina- Hon of the codes of Austrin. Prussia, and TRussia, all of which were modeled upon that of Justinian. That the laws of the Latin races have been suceesefally reduced to a codified form will not. be disputed by any one familiar with the history of thelaw. It is claimed, however, in some quarters, that there is an inhereot difference be- tween the common law of the Anglo-Saxon races and the customary laws of Coutinental Europe, and that this difference will forever prevent a codification of thecommon law. That there are differences will not be denied; yes they relate to detail mainly, and are attributable to the different constitution of the pcople. The orincipies of general jurisprudence—the philosophy of positive law—lie at, the founda- tion of every legal system. ‘The resemblance of the common [uw to the customsry law of Rome, pefore the latter was reformed, strikes every student of the civil law. The common law of the mneteenth century is in the condition of the Roman law ia the sixth. Cicero in the case of Murena, and Bronznam in his celebrated speech on Law Reform, 1o ridiculed the same technical absurditiea. e barsh rales of the customary faw of Rome wera modified by the preetorian jurisdiction, as those of the common law of England have been bv the Chancellors. The fundamental princinles of both systems are the same. The differences correspond with differences of climate, quality of soil, occupation of the people, carly institu- tions, relicion, wealth, commerce, manpers, and customs. These control the appli-ation of general principles,—in some degree mold them; und in this lies the inherent discrepancies disclosed by comparative law. Every faith has many dozmas common to all religious systems,—every system of jurisprudence and many orinciplca of uni- versal application. The civil law was rednced to systematic statement; the common law not only can be but has been. When the law literature of England did not comprise 100 voluwans,.Lord Bacon suggested a codification of the statutes und a revisfon of reports on the plan of the modern Icading cases. “Near ~the close of the last century Bentham, the pupil of Blackstone and friend of Maosfield, commanded the atten- tion of the world to projectsol law reform, marvelous for their scope and originality. * In bim was-combined the philosopher, the law- giver, und theagitator. His investigations were radical, and his utterances bold and emphatic. With but an empirical knowleage of human na- ture and oo expericnce in affairs, he proposed a code which_shonid abrogate all customary law, ft was for Bentham to devise and Romilly and Brougham to prosecute the achemes of reform which have been accomplished during the past century. ‘I'he commercial lawand methods of procedure bave received more attention than any other parts of the Jaw. As late 23 1816 a commission created by both Hous¢s of Parliament conclud- ed that it was impracticable to_codify the law of England, From 1832 to 1855 the practice wag tinkered,—improved as much as the conservative temper of the English Bar would permit. At last the fondest hopes of Bentham are being realized. A code for India, prepared mainly by Macauly and Stepien, has been enacted. Courts almost as old as the En- glish Constitution, and supposed to be its prin- cipal bulwark, have been swept away to make place for & more simple and rational judicial orgapization; the differences between law and equity exist no longer, equitable rules having scenred a precedence over those of 1aw; lorms of action, technicaldistinctions, and legal fictions 1o longer have a place in the laws of England. Even the work of codification is being presseq with all speed consistent Wwith a proper execu- tion of the work. The new Criminal Code pre- pared by Sir James Stephen, one of the most radical measures ever submitted to a legislative body, was introduced and jodorsed by the At- torney-General, and its cnactment at an early day is conceded. Tbis will undoubtedly be fol- lowed by the codification of the otber brauches of the English law. 3 The first movement towards codification in any American State, of which 1 have any knowl- edge, was made in Massachusetts in 1835. Com- missioners were appointed by Gov. Everett un- der a lexislative resolution by which they were instracted to “‘take into pogsideration the practicability and expediency of reducing to a written and systematic code the cummon law of Massachusetts or any part _thercof, and 1o re- *xurc thereon to the next Legislature; subjoin- D to their report a plap or plans of the best method by which such a rednction can be ac- complished.” ‘The Commissioners consisted of the fiou. Joseph Story. the Hon, Simon Green- leaf, the Hon. Theron Metcalf, Charles E. Forbes, Esq., and Luther A. Cushing, Esq.— Dames familiar now to every American lawyer. Iie reort of the Commission, from_the pen of Judge Story, is distinguished for its candor, thoroughness, and ability. While the Commis- sion was of opinion that'a perfect coue for a so- ciety in the transitiou state was impracticable, it was declared to be both possible and desirable to reduce the settled priuciples and rules to a systematic statement. The move- ment produced reforms fo pleadings and prac- tice similar to those adopted in England in 1853 and 1855, as well as a more systematic statement of maoy branches of the law. The work accomplished, however, did mot realize the hopes of Story and his associates. New Yok, by constitutional provis{on adopt- ed ia 1816, requircd the Legisiature to appomt Commissioners, ‘* whose duty it shall be to re- vise, reform, simplify, and abridge the rules and practice, pleadings, forms, and proceedings of the courts of record in this State, and to report. thercon to the Legislature.” The Legislatura of 1847 complied with both requirements of the Coustitutior. Some of the members of the Board, charged with_the duty of reducing the whole body of the law to a systematic code, died, otbers ‘resigned, and none made any progress in the work. ln 1530 the Board was _ abolished. In 1851 it was re- modeled, and. a5 _ rcorganized, was was composed of David Dudle& Field, William Curtis Noyes, and Alexander W. Bradford. -In 1865 they submitted, as the result of their un- compensated labors, a Politizal Code, a Civil Code, and a Penal Code. For fourtern years these reports have laid upon the taoles of the two branches of the General Assembly, and but lntle if any progress has been made in their consideration. ‘the Practice Commission was composed of David Dudley Field, Arphaxad Loomis, and David Grabam. “The several ro- ports of this Commission were en: mn 1850, The Commission observed both the letter and spirit of the constitutional requirements. The system of practice by them reported and by the Legislature enacted bas since been perfected by jndicial construction and legisiative revision. ts principles constitute the basis of systems of ractice edopted in a majority of the States and. l’xexrfllories of the American Union and ia En- gland. In 1370 the Legislature of California directed the appointment of 2 Commission which should be charged with the duty of preparing a code of laws for that State, to_be reported to the Legis- Iature at its pext session. The Commissioners appointed were the Hon. Creed H?'manu. the Hon. Johu C. Barch, and the Hon. John H. Mc- Cane. The codes reported by Field, Noyes, and Bradford, of New York, were adapted to the statutes and decisions then in force in California —that is, made to conform to the exisling laws of that State. The report thus made was re- vised, the Advisory Board consisting of the Hon. Charles A. Tauttle and the Hon. Sidney L. Jonnson. Thus perfected it was enacted, and contains the Lody of the law of that State to- day. An.examination of the California Code shows that it is much more complete in detail than the one upon which it was mudcled. Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Iowa, and sev- eral other States have adopted codes in which the statutory law was arranced on & logicsl in- stead of an alphabetical plan, but in none of these has it been attempted to incorporate the entire body of the settled law, or reform the setsled and complicated style of composition which has been created by the exceediog great cantion of the lawyers. A writer in the * Encyclopedia Britannica ** questions the ability of a popular Government to frame a code. lcis true that the codes of Theodosius, Justinian, Frederic, and some of the others mentioned, were the productions of Imperia! Governments, and that the Code Na- Doleon was promuleated bya Republic domi- Dated by the gerius of one man. lv must be remembered, however, that the rcvoluiion im France, which made law reform possible, was the popular movement of the age. T Enghsh Government is a monarchy it form, a Republic in reality. In England the whole of the commou law is being reduced to concise and systematic statements a8 rapidly as the magnitude of the enterprise_will permit. The California Code is the production of a Re- publican State. _ : ‘The objections to 8 codification of the com- mon law and the obstructions which lie in the way of the work will be hercafter considered, but it may be remarked now that it is dififcult to discover in them anything peculiar to pop~ ular Governments. That which is beiog accomplished in England and has been in California is practicable in‘vlllb nois. . GATH AND WHITE. The Former Interviews the Latter on they Subject of Silver-Mining. Corresgondence Cincinnast Enquirer. On the question of Western mining, Mr. Hore ace White, who has been through that country, gave some interesting information: ¢ The Leadville mining district in Colorada will have 30,000 people living upon it before next fall; in Chicago I found that every other man was taking an interest out there. Mr. Leiter, the wealthiest merchant In Chicago, was paying a visit to Colorado for his health, when he came to an excavation that had been made by a Mr. Stevens, who offered to sell one-half the mine to Mr. Leiter for $40,000. Leiter thonght he counld afford to lose that amount, and he bougnt $500,000. He will take $1,000,~ 000 out of it. I understand that this mine, called the *‘Iron Mine,” is like Senator Chaf- fee’s mine, the Little Pittsburg. They are both believed to be the trne fissure veins going tu- ward the centre of the earth, while most of tha other mines in that rezion seem to be over- flows from those fissures. The Leadville dis- trict is composed of an ore whica is smelted.” Mr. White said of the newly elected Scastor, Hill, of Colorado: “Iam toid that his political prominence partly arose from his contest with Lindsley, one of the Democratic aspiranta for Governor. Hill had large smeltiog works at Central City, and Lindsiey’s railroad conceived the plan of taking his profits by raising the freights on the ores. Hill said that in sucha case he would take up his mill and move it to Denver. The raifroad men replied that Hill conldn’t afford {t. Nevertheless, he did take up his large works and stamp and shipped the whole to.Deaver, where they now are. It re- joiced the Denver people, and was a factor fa bis election to the Senate.” As to the failu.e of the Bonanza Mines, Mr. White said: “ [ am told that at one time Sena- tor Jones, of Nevada, was §1,000,000 abead in s specalation on the Sierra Nevada Mine. Mr. Mackey, the wealthiest miner and operator on that coast. sent word to his Superintendent to take a look at the Sierra Nevana; the man at the top of the shaft would not let the Luperin- tendent go down into the Ophir Mine and take some cross-cattings—they would bring him into the Sierra Nevada. He got three men wita buckets of ice, and went down the shaft and went 3,000 feet through those rocky cuttings at a temperature of 125 degrees, supporting life and strength with the ice. This brougat him right into the Sierra Nevada, and there he found ‘that the advance misers, following up ®ie ore, bad struck a wall of porphyry.. He telegrapled to Mackey when he came up: * Headers in the Sterra Nevada struck porphyry this day.’ Mack- ey knew very well that when' that happened it meant the end of the ore.” B —— Color-Blindnoss. o~ Experiments made In Germany show that oul of 2,000 school-buys sixty-seven were unable ta distinznish between colors, but that out of 2,318 girls only one was * color-blind.” A cari- ous explanation was offered for the fact that the prooortion of color-blindness was greateramon dewish thao Christian children. The sense of was said, was less developed among tiie than it is to-day, and since the Jews have preserved = greater purity of race and blood than any other people. an inferiority of yision mightireasonably be expected. itisnot, however, true that suchinferiority, on anaverage, exists. - ———— Penzance and Cockburn. . Caleb Cushing is dead, but Lord Penzanca is proving himsclf quite competent to worry Sir Alexauder Cockburn. To his pamphlet of abusive criticism Lord Peozance has replied by a curt letter fn the Zimes, beginning, “ Ay deay Chief-Justice. I bave not yet read your ~pam- phiet, or an¥ part of it, and do not inteud to,»