Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 19, 1879, Page 4

4 TUE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDA JANUARY 19, 1874—SIXTEEN PAGHS. . Justice by Gov. TAYLOR fu 1874, to fiy out T¥ye Teibune, | TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. ttances may bemade either by draft. express, Furt-Utice order. or fn registered feccer. at our risk. TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. o Telly, éelivered. Sunday excepted, 25 cents per wéek. Luily. celtvered, Suzday Incladed, 30 cents per week. ece THE TRIBUNE COMPANT, Corner Madison and Dearbarn-eta.. Chicago, 111, Orders tor the delivery of Tue TRILUNE av Evanston, Euglewood, and Hyde Parg teft in the coucting-room ‘wilijeceive prompt stiention. TRIBGNE BRANCH OFFICES. THE CRICAGO TRIBUNE has estabiished branch ofices fertherccelpt of subscriptions and sdvertisements a3 Hollows: LW TORE—Toom 29 Zribune Bullding. F.T.Mc- Menager. France—Xo. 16 Rue dels Grange-Batelfere. 3. MAuLEE, Agent LONDOY Eng.—imericap Exchaage, #49 Strand. GeL P.°. R.".8..,329. vening, Jad. 33, 3t our Monroe-st.” Jnstaliation W. BARNARD, 312, Com.-ln-CBtet. outicers. Syeclar Convocation Mo H E ik, Work on the Mark 3. Degres. v Iting Com- uus are invited. pauivunarciavited, iyonef o croe uop, T.—Stated ¢ 12 ex- (APOLLO COMUANDERY. 3 Gnclave Tuesday cveninz, ygted lxtmlx e Oracrot i Temine il be conterred VIsiitug Sir Knights are alweys welcome, S e o aaers™ ¢ ANERIRRNY, hdcorder. 81, RED C{i0SS OF R. Saturday. Jan, 25, & M. CARI, M. F. Sav. CHICAGO CONCLAVE. £33 G tegular itengsrvou lock. N . 3. AUSTLN, Recorder. SUNDAY, JANUARY 19, 187. It is now said that the German Govern- ment will make shori work of the Socialist questicn in the Reichstag, so far as that Dody is concerned, when it shall meet. A rumor is carrent that the Social Democratic members will not bz allowed to take their seats, or, if allowed to do so, will scarcely be- come warm in them before their expulsion will bave been determined by the majority. The Receiver of that unfortunate concern familiarly known as the Bechive submitted his Lall-yearly report yesterday to Judge WrrLiaxs, and it appears that he is out of pocket to the amount of $8,927. If things go on at this rate it will become necessary by und by 1o levy o contribution upon the ereditors of the bank, unless Mr. Wanp is more than buman =wnd is willing to go on advancing. 1t is yet a matter of uncertainty when the Congressional Sub-Committee on the BLobg- 1T investigation will reach Chieago. The Congressionai business. which caused the do- lay of proceedings is now out of the way, but a new diflicuity has srisen in the House barving failed to make any financial provision for the cxpens& of the Committee: Until discover they have been frightened at a shadow. They have descrted a trne mon to serve a grasping, insolent egotist, who can punish nobody, and would not reward them if he could, as he never pays lick- spittles for their craven service —_— It is found that the troops sent in pursuit of the escaped Cheyennes cannot, with any hope of success, attack the Indians in their intrenchment at Park Ridge, and reinforce- ments have been sent for. Meanwhile the military suthorities have projected a scheme by which it is hoped the capture may be effected without a bloody conflict. Rep Croup, the old Sioux Chief, has been indnced, after some coaxing, to permit a select com- mittee of fifteen from his warriors to penetrate, if they can, the camp of the hostiles and exdeavor to draw them out of their retreat. If this can be accomplished by moral suasion, so much the better for all parties; but if the Cheyennes persist in defying the troops the said Select Committee will be authonzed to employ sorco other means to accomplish- the result. Lieat. Dopp has started on this mission to the Pine-Ridge Agency, and it is hoped that the policy of setting Indian to catch Indian will put a speedy end to this troublesoms campaign. SALARIED JUSTICES. Mr. Mose WEeNTWwoRTH might mske a better use of his position in the Illinois Leg- islature than by introducing a bill to pay Chicago Justices of the Peace a salary, and saddle upon the city the expense of support- ing their establishments. He wants Justices paid 2,000 s year, with an allowance of $§750 for clerk, - pay " for: their office-rent, attendance, etc.,’in lieu of which they shall turn over-'tho fces to the city. There are nineteen Justices in Chicago, andtheexpense \of each office would amount to not less than §5,000 o year under Mr. WeNTwoRTH's plan, or an aggregate annusl increase of about $100,000 in the city expenses. Itwould not be safe to estimate any offset in fees, for the Justices would not then care particularly whether the fees were ever collected or not. A good many reforms are needed in the adminis- tration of Justices' offices'in this city, but wa fail to see how WENTWoRTI'S proposition will . lead up to any one of them. It would result in the establishment of nineteen new Courts, with the usual paraphernslis and append- ages, and the creation of a new and extensive set of salaried officic’s. It would enlarge the field of local politics and incresse the power of the ward-bummer to precisely the extent of the new officials and the amount of new city expenditures. Every Justice would demand large apartments, with costly fur- niture and pretentious fixtures. Beginning with oneclerk, the otium cum dig. of the new position would soon require additional clerks, bailifis, janitors, ete. There would be & foundation whereon to build &8 mountsin of expense. A stited salary for every Justice would also be a leveling process that would place them all on the same plane, whether good or bad, lazy or in- dustrious, drunk or sober. Under the present practice, a hard-working Jus- tice of the Peace, who commsnds the confidence of the commaunity, can earn from $£,000 to §5,000, perhaps, and the office is sufficiently remunerative to attract good law- yers and men of a cerfein ability. Once the needed appropriation is made the mem- bers of the Snb-Committee will not ba in any surry to travel West on their mission. Tae French Republican Left 1o the House of Deputies bave finally decided that the Governtacnt programme announced several sizee is not satisfactory to the great ¢ of tha Republican party. They have therefore, in caucus assembled, determined attach the salary of £2,000 to the position, with no legitimate way of making it yield anything more to the occupant, and no good lawyer or man of fair ability fit for the place can be induced to accept an appointment, whils the office will become a bait for bum- mers and chenp politicians. The change would only result in an incrensed expense to the community, while it would degrade the to opposs its adoption, and call for a vote of want of confidence in the present Ministry. They will, however, before taking this ac- tion, give the reigning Cabinet an opportuni- ty to amend its declaration in several vital point. which will be named by the Radical leaders. Thé Senstorial caucus at Springfield on Fri night refused to vote or permit a vote ou the following resolution, offered by one of the Cook Courty members : ** Resolred. That the Republican cancus of the Thirty-Gith General Assembly whl select no man who voted forand kept tne back-pay, commonly Luown as the Salary Grab, and no such man is en- titled to the sapport of the Republican party for ae next United States Senatorship. ™ Tle majority of the caucus voted that this resolution was ‘“‘out of order,” and would zot allow it to be considered. It would, per- Laps. have becn better if the caucus had met the questior: directly, and voted upon it. The majority, in voting for Logax, one.of the foremost advocates of that disgraceful act of 1obbery, and in rejecting OGLESBY, whosad labored to have that sct of plunder repealed, showed their spproval of the Salary-Grab in & cowardly way os clearl{ as if they had voted squarely against the resolution or in indorsement of the Grab. - It is not probable that the action of the caucus will be per- mitted fo be final. A resolution substantially to the same effect can be offered in each branch of the Legislature, and a vote can be compelled on it. A consequence will be; that the Republican members will be forced the first step in the degradation of the party consequent upon the election of Lo- Gavy—to indorse that most rascally act of modern legislation, or stultify themselves by voting for Locax and against the ** Grab.” The caucus supporters cavnot condemn the purioining cf the money and then vote to re- ward the taker with the Senatorship with- out plucing themselves in a more disgraceful and indefensiblo position than that of the grabber himself. The cnucus voje for Gen. OGLESBY was for below the numMr of members who desired his nemination acd had informed him they intended tosupport his re-election, but there were a score of timid sou!s who did not pos- rexs the courage of their convietions. A close canvass on Wednesday and Thursday shuwed that OGLESDY's zetunl strength was cight or ten short of a majority of the cau- cus. There were forty-six or forty-seven members who would vote for OGrLesBY if he | «c.uld be nominated, but, as it required fifty- four vetes to control the caucus, about twen- ty become frightened for their personal ivation, 22d deserted to the Locax rowd to conceal their real sentiments uud hide themselves from calamities which ~ their lack of backbone con- jured up before their imagination. It was this defection that suddenly swelled LocaN's' 60 supportérs to” §0, and reduced Oasrspy's 46 to the 26 who stood by him. In oll contests in life there is a class of men hose highest impulse is to be on the strong- est side. Locax had established a sort of r-igu'of terror over ‘the weak and‘eringing of - members, and ‘fri'ght'en *them through his claguers into the .be unless they deserted Gov. O6rEshy; -thers. was no salvation for themselves, and they would be politically damned. Tkese timid and craven souls will live long enough to office itself, and incrense the abuses that alreedy attach to the trial and disposition of the winor civil suits. Mr. WesTworTh's bill shounld be unceremoniously strungled in the committee-roos THE MORMON QUESTION. The recent decision of the Supreme Court affirming the constitutionality of tho United States statute probibiting polygamous mar- ringes in’tho Territories has giver a new im- petus to the Mormon question, and seems to open the way at last for the ultimate extine- tion of the Mormon practice of one man’s marrying several wives, at least so far as the jurisdiction of the United States Govern- ment reaches. The law prehibiting this practice has been ox the statute-books ever since 1862, but the attempts to euforce it bave been only spasmodic, and mever till now has it enjoyed the force of an approval by the Court of last resort. The result will be o demand for additional legislation, urged on the one hand to make the prosecution of the Mormons unsparing, and, on the other, to extend some sort of immumty to those who have slready contracted polygamous marrisges under the toleration of the au- thorities, and to legitimatize the offspricg of such marriages. While the Supreme Court’s recent decision ought to be used to place Mormonism “in the course of ultimate estinction” by a vigorous enforcement of the penalties for all polygamous warriages contracted jin the future, there are many considerations of humavity and public policy that suggesta certain immunity to the families that are already organized on the polygamous basis. A justification of the latter course may be found in the neglect of the Government to enforce its own law in the past,—a neglect which has resulted in the formation of numerous elliances which it would be cruel to disturb under such’circumstances. Thou- sands of poor, deluded, and dependent ‘women would become outensts, and tens of thousands of young lives would be blighted with infamy, by aby sudden and universal disturbance of the polygamous relations in Utab. Public policy also requires s con- sideration of the responsibility that may be thrown upon the Government in case a gen- eral disruption of Mormon families should make puupers of o numerous class of help- less women and children. Congress caunot take further action on this question without giving these matters proper consideration. The most interesting feature of the Su- preme Court’s opinion is in regard to the constitutionality of the statute, as it involves a discussion of the extent to which religious convictions ¢an be set up &s adefenso for a violation of law. ‘‘Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,” is the first clause of the first amendment to the Constitution. - But the Constitution nowhere dcfines what #5 meant by the word *relig- ion.” Chief-Justice Warre reverted to the earliest anthorities and State papers for the most trustworthy construction of the term in its relation to theState. In the preamble of JerrEmsoN's act introduced in the Virginia House of Delepates before -the American Decluration of Independence was adopted there was a protest against the interfer- ence of the State with religious liberty, and it was added: *It is time enough for the rightfal purposes of civil govern- ment for its officers to interfere when the. principles Preak out into overt acts against peace and good order.” This has served as a foundation for subsequent notable utterances on the meaning of the constitutional prohi- bition of Congressional interference, and would indicate that this prohibition was never designed to cut off any regulation of social relations deemed ‘necessary to preserve good order and maintain .the forms and authority of government. The marriage re- lation is not only one of the most sacred but also one of the most useful eloments in society and government, and all tho States of the Union at all times lave prohib- ited the practice of polygamy as sub- versive of good order, public morals, ood the welfare of the community. The same considerations demand of the General Government a similar regulation as to territory under its exclusive jurisdiction. Congress has the same right to prohibit po- lygamons marriages that it haos to pass any other law of & general police character to prevent results that -are deemed burlful to society and the State. Haring passed such a law, which is approved by the practice of all the States and by the experience of all civili~ zation, n religious conviction cannot be plead- ed as an excuse for the violation thereof; if that doctrine were admitted, then all laws could be violated with impunity under a sim- ilar plea, and the Generel Government might as well abandon the effort to regulate and control the local affairs of such people as should elect to reside i United States terri- tory not yet orgenized into a State Govern- ment. ‘The Supreme Court’s decision is founded in reason, and must be made the basis of a crusade against Mormonism; but such crusade, sure fo succeed in the end, tan afford to bo tolerant of what has transpired while bemng strict as to the future, APPROACHES T0 THE PARKS, One of the bills befors the Legislature in which Chicago has a lively interest is that introduced by Senator Basm, providing that the Park Commissioners, with the consent of the Common Council, may acquire the same control over some one street leading to the parks as they esercise over their own .boulevards and driveways. Thero ought to be no opposition to the purpose.of this bill, and it should be passed just as soon as the Legislature is satisfied that it 1s in a shape to securo the end in view most expeditiously and cheaply. The people of Chicago hope that the bill may mature into a law early enough to ennble the South Park Commis- sioners to extend their jurisdiction over Michigan svenue and provido a re- spectable driveway for next summer. The Cook County delegation, and such out- side influence as can properly bo brought to bear, should assist Senator Bisg in passing themeasure at the earliest moment possible. The people of Chicago have spent enormous sums of money on their varions parks, and, with the single exception of Lin- coln Park, there is not one that ean be reached withovt enduring personal torture, and risking lifo and limb in the effort to go toere over dilapidated pavements and through elongated mud-holes. It has comsto bea universal conviction that the only way in which & respectable and comfortable ap- proach to” these parks can be provided and maintained is by making some one street in each division of the city 2 p#& of the park system, so far as police regulation is con- cerned. This is the only practicable method for protecting such a thoroughfaro from the ropid destruction of heavy teaming, which naturally seeks the particular strcet ihat has been most recently improved. It is use- less to expect the owners of abutting property to renew a pavement every year or two for the benefit of park-visitors: they will mot do it. Noris there any authority for doing this at the expense of tho city, and it would be unwise to establish any such system. The Park Commissioners, however, are able to keep their own drivewnys in ad- mirable condition at a small outlay by ex- cluding heavy teaming, and by coustant watching and timely repzirs. The streets that would bo selected for park approaches, such as Michigan avenue in the South Di- vision, aro already filled, graded, and curbed, and the cost of improvement wauld be com- paratively small in the first instance, and scarcely an appreciable addiiion to the gen- eral park expenses thereafter. 'T'he unanim- ity with which the people of Chicago de- mand the privilege asked by Senator Basm's bill, along with the fact that the matter does not specially coucern tho remainder of the State, ought to secure the prompt passage of the measure. —_— THE FRERCH REPUBLIC. The Republicans in France are now brought face to face with the completest test to which they can be subjocted, and that is their capacity, being in full possession of =ll branches of tho Government, to govern themselves. Hitherto the Republican party in France has had to contend with organized and formidable opposition. The *Constitu. tion imposed many checks upon the absolute rule of that party. In the first place, the Senate, under its peculiar orgenization, was strongly conservative, as well as a firm and somewhat obstinate schain upon the more radical Assembly. The President was so con- servative that, with any hope of popular sup- port, the probability is that he would long since have deciared for one or the other branch of the Monerchical party. At lost the Executive and the Republican As- sembly reached the point of collision, and both parties appealed to the country. The result was such an overwhelming Republican mejority that the Execntive :submitted, and formed a Ministry satisfactory to the Ke- publicans. . Th Senate, however, remained conservative, and was not, like the Execn- tive, subordicate to the will of the Assem- bly. The Inte elections hove now in turn revolutionized the Senate, which body is m full political sympathy with the other branch of the National Logislature, 'The Govern- ment—the two branches of the Legislature, the Cabinet, and the President—is now for the first time controlled by Republicans, and the Republicans ave for ihe first tims in a position to propose and enforce progressive reforms. ‘The army is yet officered in the superior departments by commanders who are not Republicaas, and the'courts are pre- sided over by Judges many of whom are not Republicans, and many of whom have come down in office from a time anterior to the Republican party. Tt is proposed to legislate changes in these two branches of the public service, and to make other changes of o character more or less radical. Taese changes, or reformns, meet with’ opposition among the Republie- ans. So strong is the opposition that the Cabinet in stating its programme was not prepared to indorse them, nor yet was it pre- pared to oppose them. The resalt was that all factions—and there are no less than four factions of the Republicans—are disap- pointed. Those in favor ot extreme party tule are irreconcilable: they insist that the whole force of the Government shall be em- ployed to dispossess a1l men of office who are uot extreme Republicans. They are for radical chauges, Other Republicans are for the changes to a himited extent, while still others oppose any and every scheme to make the Judiciary a mere party vehicle. The 'atA tempt to adopt and put in practice the prin- ciple that *To the victors belong the spoils,” and that all offices of whatever character should be apportioned among the members of the party in power, has never been recog- mzed in France, and the Republican party is threatened with a disruption on that ques- tion. It is not yet determined whether the French Cabinet will be sustained in its non-committal course, mor to what extent it must concedo in order to main- tain its power. It is not, as all previous ques- tions have been, a controversy between the Republican porty and the Opposition ; it is whether the Republican party must itself divide into two factions, and which of these factions must rule. The Republicans, while in an overwhelming majority among the people, include in their number thou- sands who oppose these radical and extremo measures. There are muititudes of Repub- licans who are hostile to GaMBETTS, and who insist that e shall not be clothed with offi- cial power. So strong is this conservatism- among Republicans that it is questionable whether, if ho were placad at tho head of the Ministry, the people upon an appeal to them would not go back, not to monarchy, but to such conservatism as would put all radical leaders and all radical mensures under the ban. The Republican party in France, there- fore; is now met by a new foe. Is it strong enongh to govern itself? Is it strong enough to maintain its sup'renmcy against the discontent which exists among its own members? If the Republican Ministry be overthrown, what will the uext one be >—and will that be sustained by the country? In this struggle between the moderate and the extreme men of the party are involved mat- ters of grave consequence to France and to the Republican Government. The reaction against Radicalism is one thing; tho adop- tion of extreme or absolute rule is another H oand both threaten tho pesce of the Re: public. v ' The present Republic of France differs from its predecessors, because this is gov- erned by a Constitution imposing checks and balancos even upon popular will, while in e previous Republics legislative mnjorities ‘were absolute, and, it may be said, irrespon- sible, in their authority. The presont Re- public is a Government of law, 2nd is not one of forca except in the maintenance of the law. This Government of law has been 50 far carefully preserved, and. as the Jast election showed, had won the full cunfidence of the nation. Shall it wreck the Constitu- tion now by estreme measures? Shall the Republican party now destroy itself, and thus destroy the Republic, in the very mo- went of its highest success and prospority ? THE OPERA SEASON. The first week of the scason of opera by the troupe from Her Mejesty’s Theatre, London, under the management of Col. Alrresoy and the directorship of Signor Arpity, a leader and composer long known to fame, has closed upon a remarkeble mu- sical success. The troupe has given us two performances of ‘‘ Carmen,” one of **Son- nambuia,” one of ‘Lo Nozze di Figaro,” two of *Lucia,” and_ one of “II Trova- tore,” representing Brzer, Brrrist, Mozanr, 0x12ETTT, and VeRpr,—a wide-enough range to suit nearly all tastes. Of these repre- sentations ¢ Carmen,” _*Sonnambula,” and “Lucia” were given up to a standard of excellence that has.not been known hers before. ‘Il Trovatore” was given very smoothly, and in somo parts with great power, “LeNozze di Figaro” nearly repched a fiasco owing to en unfortunate, bus none the less silly and miserable, jangle between two of the artists, which would have been of little account had it been confined behind the scenes, where it belonged. 'Tho personations which stand out conspicuous for great merit, and renk as really artistic productions, are Mme. Gees.’ TER's Amina and Lucia, Miss Havr’s Car- men, Den Pueste’s Escamillo, Garassr's Ilenry Ashton and Conte di Luna, Caxea- NINU's Edgardo, and Mme. Labracne's Azucena. It is the prominent feature of this troupe, however, that one does not have to look to individuals for his pleasureand enter- tainment. It is not like a comet with g bright star at its Lend dragging after it n long and inconsequential’ tail. The Pprincipal artists are not only adequately but strongly supported. In every representaiion the little parts have been excellently filled, and this has never been dome here before, VWith the firsi end second parts strongly cast, and backed against a large, efficient, spirited, and well-trained cho- tus, the vocal ensemble is all that could bo desired or ecxpected, and reaches that high standard which critical opera-goers have long sighed for but never supposed they would have. Behind the footlights sit an orchestra and a conductor more than worthy to support the artists and chorus of this troupe. It is not only large and full in all its parts (being the largest band ever brought here for opera), bui it is composed of musicians of longand thorough training, many of them having summered and win- tered with Tnropome Tmowas. who are not only competent to play tho notes and to sup- port the singers, but who play with rare spifit, vigor, precision, aad expression, and are soseif-reliont that their skillful conductor seldomn has to give them any attention; much less lubor with them, which lesves him free to keep the vocal part of his forces well up to its work. The result of the strength and excelience of this triple combination is such anensemble 2s we bave never had bere before; nud old works like * Lucia,” ““Sonnambula,” and ¢ Trovatore,” which Liave been given hero scores “of times, gp- peared like new creations. Can- suy one fail to see how thin and wenlk the “ Carmen™ of the Srraxoscm troupe was in comperison with the snme work as given by this, with its extrnordinary vocal eusemble aud full, rich iustrumentation? .Can any one who bas assisted at performances of * Lucia” in this city reeall one that was at all comparable with the splendid reprasentation by this troupe, or one that can be praised without qualifieation? “Luecia” was - the second opera ever given in Chieago, and the first to be given entire. It has beea performed twenty-four times, and we cannot recall a representation that eun be compared with it. Now, what will be the result of all this? We hear o great deal of talk—and a great deal of it twadJle—about educational work in music. Col. Muirrrsoy has been quietly doing some'of this work, od has sacceeded in revolutionizing operatic tasts and knowl. edge in our midst, The consequences of his work are already apparent, thongh the season is but balf through, To pat it in very plain Eaglish, he hus quietly shown us that wa have been considerably humbugged in the past, and that some of us at least were simply enjoying ourselves because ignorance was bliss. Now, however, that he has shown us how opera should be done, it is safe o assume that audiences will be more exacting in the future, will be very impatient of troupes scarce half made up, will not tolerate concert-singing in opers, and will not be satis- fied with the performance of an opers’ be- cause two or three of its arias have been sung well. Opers troupes with two or three stars, twenty or thirty sticks, and a dozen' fiddlers will beat a discount. Thisseason has shown that people are willing to pay a liberal price to hear fine performances of opera, and theywill be apt to ask the next time whether they are getting their money’s worth. There is nothing like having a musical standard by which to make measurements. We jogged along very complacently with our old or- chestras until Tucopose Trouus happened Lere one day, and since that timg the stand- ard of orchestral music has been elevated here. We should probably have joggedalong in opern the same way if Mr, Mapresox had not brought his great troupe here. -It may be that this bluff old English man- ager-cares little for congratulations, and is not aware that he has been doing anything more than he ought, but none the less the thavks of our opera-goers are due to him, and thero will be no one so churlish as to refuse them. Their gratitude is also dus to Mr, Havesty. He has more than fulfilled all the promises he made, and has omitted no detail that would minister to their con- venience and enjoyment. . POLITICAL EFFECT OF THE DECLINE OF FAITH. Dr. J. W. Drapeg, the well-known author and scientist, writes in the last number of the Princeton Review of * The Political Ef- fect of the Decline of Faith in Continental Europe.” Dr. Drarer has decided views of the part the Church, and particularly the Catholic Church, played in arresting the de- velopment of the human ‘mind in Europe during the Middle Ages. Those who have read his ¢ History of the Intellectual Devel- opment of Earope ” and his ‘‘History of the Conflict Between Religion and Science ” will remember that he laid a heavy hand on a number of venerable ecclesiastical institu- tions. They will remember, too, that he did not in all respects deal fairly by the Church. He showed the dark side of its work, ‘its attempt to hinder free thought and to merge individual fastes, capacities, and feelings into a simple expression of its own will and power. But he did not ad- mit that the Church had done any good. Ho did not give it full eredit for its indirect, and perhaps undesired, elevation of the masses at the expense of the nobles and the Kings, nor for its early patronage of learning, nor for its preservation of the materials for:culture and enlightonment. These were. it may be said, only incidental benefit;, For all that they were real bene- fits, and deserved to be fairly stated in any survey of the work of the Church, The Church was reformed from within, not from witliont. The principal reformers, Wicx- LrFFE, Lurmer, Enasuwus, Canviy, “ and Kxox, were brought up and edncated by the Church. She put weapons in their hands with which they afterward cut her asunder. ‘Who can say that Luraer would have made hendway against the power of the Church if he had not been a learned man himself, able to meet and refute the arguments of the hierarchy, and to put the Bible into the vernacular of his own country ? But, if Dr, Dearer did not do justice to the Church in bis previous writings, he has made some amends in the present article, Not intentionally perhaps. He is still bitter in speaking of the Church of the Middle Ages: He declares that Grecory the Great was *‘a ferocious and superstitions monk”; that Italy was in his time, sud for a thou- sand years afterward, a hotbed of ignorance and vice; and that Christendom was “ g theatre of stupendous miracles, ecclesias- tical impostures, spiritnal appearance.” Bnt one thing, he says, the Church did then which most of the rulers of Europe would be glad to have it do now if it could : it held in check the passions of men. It substitnted authorily, not only for reason, but also for unreason as exhibited in some of its worst forms. The instinct of self-preservation made it dread anything like revolt against the powers that be, unless that revolt were directed by a still higher power, namely, the Pope. Hence the Church in the Middle Ages prevented the development of that spirit of uhrest among the lower classés which in Intter times has taken the shape of Nihilism, Communism, or Socialism, ns the case may be. The political effect of the decline of faith has been, fivst, to limit the authority of the Church, and, secondly, to give an impalse to the formation of Commaunistic societies, The Church may well boast that, if she has gone down in the struggle with free thought, she has not gone down alone. She has car. ried with her some of the proudest Govern- ments that ever ruled in Europe—notably those of France and Spain. Only, unfortu- nately for her welfare, the Goveraments that Lave suffered most have been those that she would rather bave spared, and their suffering s been largely due to their devotion to her. Dr. Drarzr does not commit the great mis- take of arguing that the motive force which hes produced Nihilism, Communism, and Socinlism has been the decline in the au- thority of the Church. He has endeavored rather to show how, with the diminution of resistance, the effect has increased. “In the Middle Ages religion acted as a resistance to human passions. Its power has been dimivished, and those passions are less re. strained.” The medieval man was taught to believe that there would be & com- pensation for the afflictions that befell bim, and that his wrongs would be righted, if not in this world, in the world to come. The modern man has learned to distrust the torchers that hold out these promises, and to disbelieve in the promises themselves. How closely Com- ‘munism is allied with Atheism we have hera. tofore endeavored to show. The closeness of tho alliance is due to a double sot of causes, oaly one of which has been pointed out by Dr. Draves. It is true, os he has said, that the poor and suffering portion of mankind, when they come to believe that they are not likely to find another world bet. ter than this, often think it would be a good iden to try aud improve this. Their idens of improvement are crude, They look at things from a personal and selfish point of view, and if they had their way would do terrible wrong to others in endeavoring to better themselves. If there is no Hereafter, they say, ‘let us make the most of the Present., Let us eat and drink, for to-mor- row we die. Then comes the second train of reflection: The things that be are not ordasined of Gop; anybody who can has the right to change them ; it is foolish and stupid tobe worse off than your neighbor if, by simply reaching out your hand, you con take what he has. We will not go further into particulars and inquire what effect the destruction or modification of the doctrine of rewards and punishments has had upon the people. It has always been, to our way of thinking, a curious argument, which has been advenced in some querters, that the promise of a terrible hell for the wicked has hiad little or no effect upon the people who believed in it. The seme argument hes been advanced in favor of the abolition of capital punishment, but not always with marked suecess, The total extinction of religious belief is not, kowever, the sole, or even the ch{ef, cause of Nihilism, Co.munism, and Social- ism, though Dr. Draper makes it to be so. There is another cause which he almost un- covered, but slurred over finally and buried undera monstrous misstatement. ¢ Underthe Italian system,” he says, “ the population of Europe had not doubled in a thousand years.” The implication is here cleatly that the Italinn system was respousible for the slow- | growth of population. But just the oppo- site of this is true. The Itelicn system has encouraged the growth of population ever since it has been s system. The slow rate of increaso In the 1Aliddle Ages was due to constant wars, aloose morulity, and gross ignorance of hygiene. Since these causes have been in part removed, the Ifalian system has had full play, and it has made the population of those countries in Enrope con- trolled by it increase very fest. It has en- couraged early marriages, acd made child- bearing o religions duty. The consequence has been a great addition to the population, and an enormous pressure upon the land. The fact that Communism has developed more fully in Catholic than in Protestznt countries, if it be a fact, is due to the infla- ence of the Church in this respect more than to any decline of religious faith. Dr. Draper may reasonably urge that he was not discussing the ection of laws of popula- tion, but the political effect of the decline of religious faith. He might well, however, since he cut so near en important and cari- ous truth, have fairly bronght it out. MAPRYING FOR A CROWN. Geozce IIL of Eugland had a .numerous progeny,—niric sons and siz danghters,— enough, it might be supposed, to farnish lineal descendants in suflicient number to have removed all question as to a failure ure of succession. 'The oldestson (and grentest reprobate), Georce IV., was married several times, but married only once in accordauce with the law of Eugland. This wife he dis- carded, aud his only daughter, the Princess CranroTTE, became the sole heir and éx- pectant successor. She was married in 1816, ond her death, a year later, destroyed the expectation of a successor by that line. Gronge IV. was then 55 years old, and a physical as well s moral wreck. The other sons of GronGE IIIL had not led very irre- proachable lives, but they, upon this failure of a succession, immediately proceeded to marry, witu somewhat remarkable results. They were (1) Freorrick, Duke of York, married, and died childless in 1827. (2) Wrzr- 14y, Duke of Clarsnce, born in 1763 upon the - death of ths Princess Cmar- prorre he renounced Lis rumerous fam- ily of sons and daughters, and their mother, and in July, 1873, being 53 years of ege, married a German Princess, by whorm he had two children, both of whom died while. infants; he suceeeded as King in 1830, and died in 1S37. (3) Epwarp, Duke of Kent, born 1767 ; upon the death of the Princess CHARLOTTE, married, in May, 1S18, at the age of 51,8 German Princess, by whom he bad one child, the present Queen Vicroria. He died leaving no other child. (4) Erxest Avcustus, Duke of Cumberland, born in 1771, married 3 German Princess, at the age of 44, but the birth of VicTorra had cut him off ; on the accession of Vicroria as Queen of England he became King of Han- over, and his family claim that throne yet, though disposseased in 1866 by Prussia. (3) AucusTus, Duke of Sussex, married s subject in early life, and his marriege was nullitied aud bis children declared illegitimate. (G) Aporrrvs, Duke of Cambridge, married also for the Crown in 1818, but the birth of Vic- ToRIA excluded his children. (7) Two other sons died unmarried, and of the six dangh- ters of Grorge IIL three merried, leaving no children, and three died unmarried. Of the fifteen children of Gzorce IIL bu two left children; the Duke of Kent lefs Vic- TORIA, who rules in England, and the Duke of Cumberland, who became King of Han- over. All the other marriages for the Crown proved failures. 2 Thaere has been a recent case of anticipated failure of succession to the Crown of Hol- land, and two' Royal marriages with a view of securing the throne efter the dkath of the present incnmbert. The King of Holland, Wornax 1L, is now 63 years old: His wife, whom he had abused and outraged for years, died a yeor ago. He bhas twa sons, imbecile in body 2nd mind, and ot likely to succeel. After the death of the Queen, the bopes of the Dutch peopie turned to Princs Hexgy, brother to the King, and finally, a Year ago, he, at the age of 5Y, married the Princess Mary of Prussia, amaiden of 20 years of age. The purpose was to secure a throne for their childran. The ol King, however, was not t3 be thus Overraached, so, # month or more ago, he married a Princess of Nessau, aged 20, in order o have an lheir, and thus cut off the anticipsted transfer of the throne to his brother. Iardly had the King brought home his bride before Prince Hexpy died, leaving a childless widow. The King’s marringe, being solely induced by the design to defeat the succession of any heir by his brother, proves, therefore, to have been unnecessary, and the old brute may, and probably will, go back to his old repro- bate associstes. In the meantimo, he is (3 years old, and, if uo children come of his marriag, the stccession to the Crown will be s unsettled 2s if neither of these marriages had taken place. A sister of the King, who is mmiried to the Prince of Saxe-Weimar- Eisenach, is also childless. The Drospect, therefore, is that the Crown of Folland will pass to some distantly-related member of the family, unless, indeed, tho recent mar- risge of the King should result in direct heirs, e ———— Chicl-Justice EDWARD G. Rray, of the Sa- vpreme Court, has been nominazed by the Dem- ocratic inewmbers of the Wisconsin Lecislatura 3 their candidate for United States Senator. Heis u}wuz 70 years of age, and 15 universally Tecounized as one of the ablest men in his pro- fession in the Northwest. Before his appoint- ment as Chief Justice, he practiced Ia'.v‘in Mil- waukee, and there was hardly an important case tried ie Wisconsin for a quarter of a cen- tory in which Judize RyAN’suame did not lizure 3s one of the leading counsel. The two cases that have become historical in which Ryax ap- peared in behalf of the People were the jm- peachment trial of the late Lgyy HupBELL, o Judge of the Ctreuit Court, and-the fumous trial that resuited fn the ousting of WirLrax A. BARSTOW from the ofllee of Governor of the State, that he was trying to usarp. RYAN Wwas frst appofnted Chisf the unexpired term of Chief-yastice Lormerg, Dixox, aud was afterwards elected by the ple without opposition for the fall term of si years. He is an Irishman by birth, and was an intense and bitter ** Copperhead,” with ajj thag the term implies, during the late Rebellion, In the dark days of ’63 he wrote what is knowp i political parlance as tne “RYAN Addressn which was regarded at the time by both the friends and foes of Mr. LixcoLy's Administrs. tion as the stronzest argument ever put forthin Tfavor of State rights, as the South understonq it, and the duty of the North to abide by the requirements of the Constitution in quelling the . Rebellion. Tie vote for Judge Ryax for Uniteq States Senator will be purely complimentary, g3 the Republicans bave the necessary majority tq elect their candidate. e ——— LABOR. Labor slife! “Tis the still water falleth; Idioness cror despaicelh, bewalloih; Kecp the watcn wound, or the dark rast Zdre. Osgood. e We may farther remark that a dead map ne'er taleth; He who won't advertise soon Sheriff's saleth; ~ And the husband the letter his wife gave ae'e Taaileth. Sing, all! ——— The Oshkosh Northuestern notices “the re. Jolcing over the revival of the Italian opera In Chicago,” and has come to the conclusion thag - it is because ivhasnot been * revived” thers that Oshkosh is so dull. ‘We all speak the languaze flucntly," says the Northwsstern, ang children of the most tender age cry for it. Our barbarous Enalish answers well enough as g mediam for the barter of sawlogs and Inmber, of wheat and potatoes, or pork and corn whisky, but when vou need to express the emotions there is nothing like the poetic lanouage of the organ-grinder. . . . Weare critical, and the accent and pronunciation must be faultless, That is the trouble with Makre Roze; her Italian has a French brogue to it, and grated oa our nerves most horribly. This woald prevent Ler from ever becoming a favorite in Oshkosh. What we require is the pure and unadulterated article,—the real thing,—which ripples from thy tongue fracrant with the odors of garlic ang macaroni.” We are sorry for Oshkosh; but then BreLx EMERSON 15 on his way thither with a troupe of fifteen eminent artists who will giva the people some music that they can aporeciate, ——— The report of the Railroad Commissioners of Connecticut show gross earnings for the year to be $10,806,404, a decline of $300,000 as compared with lust year. The Tross expenses were 6,- 630,400, and the net earnings were $4,126,03, which ure $50,495 less than last year. Seven companies paid dividends, seventeen paid none, Those that did pay paid an average of 9.39 per cent, being in amount®$2,569,180. The number of companies included in tne report is the samg as last year, their stock issued being $46,40,- 140, and debt S1S,011,870. Total, $E4502,010. The total costof the railroads is reported ag $70,028,657.. For construction, $71,831,307; equipment, $7,191,351. The whole number of Dassengers carricd was 9,605,782, an increase of 65,091, with mileage of 213,472,681, an increass of 771,902 miles. The freight carricd was 3,91,- 795 tons, anincrease of 167,525 toms, with & mileage of 154,862,121, an increase of 17,719,074 miles. i ————— Prof. TIART, in his work on * Composition and Rbetoric,” quotes the following extract from an English publication, which shows the bad habit that some writers have got into: 1 got on horseback within ten minutes atter I gog sour letter. Wnet I gof to Canteroury I gol s chuse for town, but I got wet throngh before I oot to Canterbury, and I have go? such u cold oy 1 ahall not be able 10'get rid of in a hurey. 1 ot to the Tressurs about ncon, but flrst of all I got shaved and uressed. I soon go? inio the secret of eiting 4 m oriul before the Loard, but I could not gi2 wer ther. However. 1 gof ntelligence from senger that I shonld most ):kely get onan- Swer the next morning. As soon as [ got back 10 my 15 I gat my supper and gof to bed. Tt~rasmot lonyg Lietore I got o sleep. When Igof up in the. morning I gol my breakfust zud then got myselt dressed. that I might gel out In time to cel azan- swer (o my memorial. Asdoon as I gor it 1 ast into 2 chaise und got to Cantervury by 3, and adous. tea-time I gof home. Lhuve go¢ nothing more to say, and s0 adieq. e The ‘richest city in the world is said to b Frankfort-ou-the-Main, which contains a popula- tion of about 100,000. If its wealth were equal- Iy distributed among its inhabitants, efery man, woman, and child would have 35,000 each. Itis asrerted that therc are 100 Frankforters worth from $4,000.000 to 35,000,000 each, and 230 wlo are worth 31,000,000 and upward. The city is one of the great hanking centres of the globe. Its aggregate banking capital is estimated n¢ $200,000,000, morc than one-fourth of which the famous ROTUSCHILDS, whose original and parent - house is ‘there, own and coutrol. The annual transactions mn bills of exchange are in excessof $100,000,000. Its general tradeand manufactur- ing industries have greatly fncrensed siuce the formation of the German Empire. Y ———— The Duke of Edinburg cannot be called & model character by any means. There wasa nice lit:le scandal onee upon & time about his being photographed in Honolulu with a pative of the female sex on either knee, and another ope immediately afterwards when the otcers 2w’ gen’’men of his ship stole away from s Australianport without going throngh the pre- liminary of settling their washerwoman's bill. He also plays the flute. In view of the factthat Prince ALFRED has got rather the worst of it in that “conflict of veracity ™ with -an Eastern reporter, how would it do to call H. R, 4. His Royal Liencss? a2 —— The Washington Republican tells of the dis- covery of the names of seven Electors of A~ kansas in 1876, all signed on the back of 2n en- velope containing the Elcctoral certificate, in the handwriting of the same person. The story russ that when Vice-President FErry received the Arkansas certificate he discovered the frrez- ularity in the absence of the signatures of Electors from the back of the cavelope, and permilted it to be sent back to the Stato for correction. When it was returned he presented it to tue Joint Convention of Congress, and seven votes were counted for TILDEN aod HEX- DRICKS. ————— The Porrer Committee has been the butt of 2 good many jokes, and this is ove of the very. latest: Mostrating thie predicament of the Porrer Com~ mittee, REED, of Muine, 3 member, tells 2 story. PorTER was advising with him as to what shoult be done, when Rezp exclaimed: **Oh! this aia’s our funeral! Do as yon like with the corpse. UD I Maine, " continued Rep, **there was & coun- try funeral. Toe master of ceremonies, owing o the healthy nature of the country, was a little green as to the course of procedure. laving de- Jivered a short exnortation he aadressed the rela- tives of the deccased, exclaiming: *The consiny of the corpse will now advance and look at him” Iu this affair, " says REED, **we wantit distinctly understood that we are not the corpse’s cousins.” ———— There is a class of trimmer newspapers which 1a political strifes play the part of the batsin the 1able,—they first flutter to onme side and then 1ly to the other, seeking to be on that of the vic- torious. The only courage they ever show is in hissing and enarling at those who stand B2 for their cdnvictions of rignt and duty. They call healthy criticiem of bad politicans “vilifi- cation,” and the triumph of ringsters a “severe tebuke of the paper that exposes them. The driveling critleisms of such old granny sheets is . reearded by manly men with scorn and cot- tempt. ——— The Terier Committes is sald to be colleet- ing a large mass of proof which shows concla} sively that there was any amount of buildozing and, intimidation at the Louisiana elections. - Neeroes were shot down while at work in the ficlds. The report willspread beforethe country an amount of information that will astonish the natives in the North. : ————— Delezate CuxYoy, who represents the Terrl* tory of Utab in Coneress, denles that he ever said the Mormons would not obey the laws de~ claring polvgamy a crime. He rccently told 8 reoorter that * such statements from any sourcd were ridiculous, and misrepresented the tem- peramient and intentions of his people. They would obey the law uud submit quictly to the