Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 11, 1879, Page 16

"THE GOVERNOR. His Biennial Communication to tho Hlinois Legislature. A Kew Hemarks Concerniug the Lubor Troubles of July, 1877, The Necessity, Therein Demonstratsd, of an Efficient Force of State Militia. Importance of n Revision of the System of Itevenue and Taxatlon. Generally Batisfactory Oondition of Affairs Among the State Institutious, Execorive Oprice, Serixariren, 1L, Jan. 8, 1870, —Hellow-Citizena of the Senate and Howe of Reprezentatives: Two years have pasacd sinee the representatives ol the people Jastassembied to duliberate and legisinte upon the important dnterests, of their constitucnta fn this State. Durfug this tine the people bave been favored v:(th usuat healtly nnd the scourje of diseasc, which Lias so atilicted portions of our land, has heen providentially stayed and orreated nAts fatal zarecr nt our very border. ‘The hurvests have becn bountiful, especinlly for the year just red. The trade and industry of the State are reviving, and the spirit and courage of the ncople take new life from the cvidences un every hand that there are prosperons davs for this State and nation i the immediato Tuture. The resumption of specle pavments by the Unlted States Government, after & suspension uf sexenteen years, is onc of the grandest focis and achievemunts In the financtal history of ua- tlons. Its accomplishiment fa evidence nllke of tha wise councils which bave governed our pol- fey, aed of the enormous resources and surplus production which have mado It possible. We Jiave abundant reason to give thanks to the Giver of all good for the favor which been shown us na 4 people. I eongratulate you upon your aesembling together st the opening of a new year under so favozable clreumstances, THE CHIER DUTY OF THE GOVERNOR, under the Conatitution, is exvressed In the obli- pation whilch it itnposes upon-him to “take zare that the laws be fafthfully exceuted” Iua scuse, he {3 doog this fo the performance of every proper ofilelal act; but the obligation scems graver, and the people bave © morc vital interest in the man- nerof It discharge, when the publle peace ond the lives and property of law-abiding eitl rens are in jeopardy by reason of organized at~ tacks, or uxoored to the menaces of nmob, A Government wiich fails to vrofect the life and property of {ia citlzens comes short of fulfilling tho first object of its creation and inaintey- ance. Alter the era of prosperity which folluwed the War there naturally camea period of depres- slon. Hard times set In, and many laboring men connected with rallroads, mouufacturing and mining establishincots were thrown out of work, and the woges of those employed were, from time to time, reduced, As tie result of this condliton of thinga they became restlcss and dissatisfied; dissgreements ovccurred, and frequent stakes followed. Finally, in July, 1877, the quiet of tho people was suddenly ‘roken, snd the businoss of almuat the whole rountry was stopped by assemblages of nem, who, in violation and deflance of law aud of the civil suthorities, took posscasion of rail- roads, mauufscturing establishmonts, and wincs, and forced the owners, and those willlng and cager te waik, to atop work snd submit 1o the dictation of the rioters. Ko unlooked for wero tliess oceur- rences that few of tho States had any prepara- tion for_them, < At somc places there wus wreat Toss of 1lte and propertys but o aur awn State, with the esception of the sad ovcurrences of one day in the streets of Chicazo, the whole gecord of suffering and loss is told when the sqntement {s inade thot for a week many of the galireads, miucs, and muonufacturing estabilah- ments wero under tho rule of lawless men, and the cominercs of the State was almost ot o standstill. The act nnsscd by the last General Asscmbly, in 1877, providing for THE ORGANIZING OF THE MILITIA, had been in force Lut a few days, and nothing had been done under it to oreaufzy the mititary force of the 8State. ‘Ihere was no adequate preporation for the troubles which so suddenly cnume 0o us, H\'L'rf' nllitary vnmrulx)‘ In the Btate, however, whether mustoreit into servico ar uot, and whether armed and equipped or sot,—uone of them belng fully equinped for uctive duty,—responded to the call upon them, and held themselves n readiness to co wherever orndered, and to D uny duty, ns soldiers, which the exigen 1he time demaoded. Ammunition was vrocured with ull posstble dispateh, and as soon as the Natlonat Giuard could reach the dilferent points in the State where the rioters were interter) with lubor, and in posscesion of rallroad traing and wanufucturing aod mining estublishments, WL nuluwful ossemblazes were dispersed und business resumed. While the strike and rlot- ous Jawlessucss resulted in vo deatruction of wruperty fn this State, it cost the State a cou- slderoble sum of money, besides the loss sus- tained by citizens In the futerference with thelr bustness, o otflcers and men of the Illinols Natlonal Guard nre entitled to the heurtlest thunks of 1he people of the State for their promut and efileicut scrvice. As siready stated, oyery mili- 1ury oranization n the Stuto was called to duty, sl wos cither i sctive rervice or ut fts wriiory awalting orders tor ubout flitern days. “Fhe rallway-traing, sud machine-shops, nud fau turfes I Chicao, Peorhy, vig, Decatur, and Fast Bt Louls were the handa ot the mub, us well os the mines at Braldwood, TaSalle, and o vther places; and all theso Pluces were nrgently demunding o military force 10 ald the civil nuthorities fn theiretforts 1o pro- eerve the peace and enforce the jaw, A il tury force was placed on Jduty at ull the places nomed above, with strict orders to uct subuordi- nute to, and {n asalstancs of, the eivil authorl- ties, Their Lebuvior throughout was unexcep- tiotnble. > The members of tho iols Natlonal Guard fociude representutives of every liosorable weeu- pation; sutne arg men who hav of large Lum-cu Interests, others are workiug for dty wages, oud dependlng upon their wiges for support. ‘The tims and attention which thesu men gave, o respotss to my eall upon thew, fovolved to many u serlous sacritiee, TUEY UAVE THEIR SERVICE PREILY, Tho law of the Stute ilxve the rute vl pavinent for such serviee, but no approbristion had bheen watde to mect this untoukea-lor coutingency, and B0 udequate (Uil was at the disposat ol thetioy- ernor to detray the expenses of suuuunemur ey, The cunsequence §s, the National Guard have not been pald o dollar for thelr services. 1 have un three ollier oecasioes, ut the request of civit wuthorities, vrdered the militis to report to the Bherlils t asniat Lhet 1 preserving the publ: ll:clufu in the Couutics of Lasalle, Pike, and St. slate, “L'uu subslatenco aud pay of the miiitery forcee, aud thelr traneportation from one poiut to unother, has Leeu estlmated by the Adjutant- to amount to $9,80.27, of which iuard, $10,- 874,53 1o the ratlroad comuvanics, snd_ 83,7455 Ia the total expeust of subsisten nd Quurter- gster’s stures, of which last-numed swmount 4,820 bus beew puid vat of the Coutlngent Fund of the Governor. ‘The bills which Bave. been pald wro principally those o sall smounte, Tur canfp equipie, subsistence, sua medicie, 1 therelore recommend that ay appropristion be wade, without delay, sutllclent o vay the mdlitia for their services accordiug to the pay- rolis spptoved by the Adjutant-Geoerul, uud now in hispossession; aleo, to pay the rallroad cumpavics the amounts that sbull be found 10 Le due them, and the uopaid balaucs ot Quarter- migater's urd subststence bills. THL QUCULBESCES OF JULY, 1877, gave a preat hnpetus to the oncanizition of the wilitta under the esisting fuw, 1 wkewreat wleasure fu calliug your soecial attentionto the tepurt of the Adjutaut-General, which g hustory ol 1he operations ol the milita 'y force of the State tor the last two years, together the expenses thereby lucurred. The sugeestions and recou- wendatious of the Adjutaut-Geuesul fu relation 1o tue cquipent of the Nattonal Guusd so thot ready for active duty, the vutlding of s uew Btate arsensl oud the sale vl the present vue, 1 woet cordially fndome, and the with o detalled statemcent ol tney may atull times W 1 aio recomuieud t Adjutant-teveral be ym{:lcd with licr the salary of eused, and that be be used force fu bis oftiee. I July, 1877, when the *tatrike," 3 1t wos duty w0 estoie cullad, ~was - of the Id\'l.l in proitesry authoritl thy first CIHilCAGO TRIBUNE : 1, I8MM—SIXTEEN the law and maintain the veace by what- ceeer meana necessaryi ahd na a step to thie, to weenre the dispersal of all rincous assemblazes of wien, whatever might be the prefext of thelr coming together. ‘The fact fz, that there was, ot no thne in this State, any whit-spread or organfzed strike owong the Talun e classes. There was o geeat deal of die- satfsfaction at what the employed. in certaln Hues ot indusiry, n-e\nnlml ax an oppressive re- ductian of wagés, Woen trouble twoke out in the Eastern States a very fow ulrlmh'nl.crlrtu amonz the Inboring men, joined by the idlers, tramps, and generally thoss who make up what Is kuown ns the *danrerous classes,” takiog advantags of the geneeal alarm, were cnabited, 1or a few day onty, to paralyze the industry of the State, Many a factory closed ita doors, and many a rallroad stopped fis traing, among whoso emploren ot a sinzio mon was [n etive sym- Path with the mob. The vazrant, the willtmlly {dle, was the chief element tn all thesa disturbances, and wa have to recognize the fuet that we bave amonz us a clues which fs ready, at all times, to joln in uny movement lookinz to a disturbatice of the peac: and nn ovportunity to plumler. The samel events which taught us this fact alan #hut us huw aure and affcetivo arc the agen- vies tor the preservation of peace which the State has at command, aud the lawleas vlasses bave lenrned that therc I8 power vuough to thwart and punish any sttenipé lo override the law, disregurd civil authorily, and interfre with the righta of poaceable uitizens in the uso of thelr properts or the dlspoeal of their labor, The experlence uf Lhie last 1wo years confiring my viens expressed in my address to the Tlirtleth General Assembly, aud I may bo allovied to repeat them heres ‘f'ac spirlt of our Iustitutions and the temper of our people are hoatile to a stumling army, aml Iam opposed to any polier, State or Na- tonal, looking to voverning thee peonie by the bayouet, Yet (n the most highly-clvilized com- minities a tratned militln, reerited from the ntelligent and fudnstrious ciasscs, fa an aknost tadlepensable ausiliary to the civil fpower fu the Interests uf ponce and good onder. KXPENSES OF STATE GOVERNMENT. The vondition of the finances of the State, as sliown by the reports of the Auditor ated Treas- urer, I8 as fullows, omitting the loeal bowl funda which the Stare receives and disburses as a trustee for the municipalliles, the Ilinofs River linprovement Foud, awd the small amonnts i sowe minor fmwis wnlch are ulso Tield tn a trist capactty s There was fn State Treasury tct. 1, 187! General Revenoa Fand $1,787, 607 .'ltlmm Kehooy ml"l‘;'fi"l' = l!lud 1inols Central 1'd’ Fund . $1,001,080 Receinta for two years end- ing Sent, 30, 18/8— Stale taxes* Generad Revenue Fand, &1, State School Fund, 114, Military Fund, PR oty Centeal 1°d Fuod, ., Total.... Dislnireeinen! 3 ending Sept. 0, 1878— Geueral ltevenue Fund, Kiate School Fund Titlnots Central 1t'd Fund Militury Fund... Halalance in State Treasur, € 1678 (deduct’ys all n Aliluary Fuad... Palance,cesvees ae sear $2.112,223 A further exemination of the disourseincnts from the State Trewsury during the biennal terin gives the followlng result: ~‘The disburse- ments of the Btate School Fund have been in the gayment to the vounttes of school tax fund orders, nnd tho galary and offlee expenses of i Baperintendent of Public fnstruction, The Illinols Central Raliroad Fuud disbursed bis been used in the payment of the principal and interest of the State debit. Tua Miiltary Fund hos been dishursed to the commanding oftcers of the several regiments, battalions, ete., nuder the appurtionment made by the Adjutant-Gens erul, The chitel iters of dishursements, those of the Gevernl ltevenue Fand, which for the {\m yeara smount to &3,544, 9, arc as fol- jotys Exacutive—ombracing exvontes of ull ofivas and dopartmenta of the Stata Government not specified below.i.... $101,478 Judiclal ... . 476,916 Lugiwiative, . 37,030 ducational.e. o haritable,.. .. Correctionsl . Buildivg and w Tiouse 234,065 Canal .. U4 Printing, 81,271 Mincelluncaus apecial appropeiatio including taxes resunded. ... . 120,023 Totaliueieasnae-sanrnnnss . 8, 538, 937 KTATR LD The principal of the tonded debr of the ¥ate, untatunding Oct. 1, 1870, wan. . $1,478, 0600 Puid dilelng tha teo seats enalug Sept,”" 70,2 80, 1 £tate debt outstanding Oct. 1, 1478, $502, 812 Since the 1t of January the Treasucer hun poad In New York, In prsuanco of legul notice, bundsto theawonnt of Debt now autstandinRecewesrerene o Of this amount there 18 now dus and payabie, at tho pleasure of the State, Tue remalnder.ooaoee oo . 5,400 will be vayable, at the pleasure of thejdtate, on and atter Jan 1, 1850, It the Legislature would provida for the pay- ment of schiool-fuad fnterest orders out of tho (Gueneral Revenue Fund, as wus done prior to 1873, the Illinols Rafiroad Fund will more than sullice to pay atl the prineipal of the bonded delt of the State by the 1st of Junuars, 1831, ‘Thus the State can'ba out ot debt when the next Lecislature convencs, and thereafter, under the Constitutivn, such fund s uppro- priated snd set apart for the payinent of ordl- uury vxpenses of tho State Unvernment. MUNICIPAL DEUT, Tho Auditor,in his report, furnishes you with a very valuablo and instructive table uf the munielpul debt of the State, 0 which ha shiows that it wegregntes E5LSILGIL Thu lurger purt of this debl hus been incuered in muking usetrl aud necessary local lmprovenents, und is represented by valusblo munbipal vroperty, Ationt #) pee cent of this total ot municipal debit reprcsents the raliroad-ald debt of the mu- afeipalitics of the State. The Constitutlon of the dtate aow forbide all counties, uitles, or other munleipulities from makieg subacrintions to capital stock or donations in ald of any rall- road ur private corporation, und further torbids the Incurrimg of uuy indebteducss to sn amount, Inctudhng exlating” indebteduess, in the ageres gate excecding & per cent on the value of 249,670 the tuxuble wroperty thereln, ‘Thesc are wise und lortunate provistons, snd - unger them the municipal debt ot the Sl 18 now decreaeing, and will for some yeany con- tinue Lo decrease. The use of muufvipul crediy 10F ubY eXTFBVORING OF URDECUSEATY PUrpose to such cxtent us would be o serivus njury to the munlcipality, 18 anpossible under vur preseut Cuogtitutiun, REVENUR, 1 wish to respectiully urze upan the Legisla- turs the fmportance Ot @ varelul cosideration QL e revenie syate. The Aiditor has sug- vested suine dimendments which arc desienel fo nsure the wore propt eollection of 1axes and o fuller dud wore equal assessiuent, and it 1s of great Nnportunce that chese amcudinents should he ndopted, ur somo legislation bd luvking to the sutc Winle mnch can he done and should specdily Lo HBBROVE OUF PRCSCNL Fevende nysteim, Wwe also buve W consider the yuesiion whether 1t Is desmrnble by constitutiotal simendment to make gote altcration of tho system ftsctl, The laree royenue réceved from the Ihnols Central Rallroad, und which will so soou be uvailable for payment of ordinury State eXpeuses, provokes the Ingniry whetier it oy not be possible oy & aystem of Jcenevs, nud Luxes 0o corporate cupls tal stock and neonw, W ralae all the general reveuuu fund i w manner which will dimiulsh the expenses of voilection, save the cmbarrusse Inig and dinleult questions coonected with the equatization of Assesstucuts, and pe I substan- tial secondancs with the theory of our presont systen, that every person or vorporution shall pay tuX fn just proportion. It is o fuct that tue present systeu, in ts practical workiogs, 1alls shiort of the coustitutioual requlrzments under which it is frawed, ‘Tosectle this inquiry will lovoive s large amount of lubor by cuilipetent persons i the collectlon of wtatistics, aud the study sud com- varlson ol the reveuue system vl ulber Slutes und couutries. 1 recomuicad that the Legialu- ture provide 1or this work being done by comuit- tee or countalesion, us they may deew éxpedient. Whatever tisy be donoe, however, to cqualize or afiuplity ths Lurdens of tuxation, they still ore burdens, and the reater auty of thuse wio muke and of those who eXccute the laws re- watus b the oblization to sce thut whautever wonvys ure ralsed sbail Lo egouowically wud bouestly expended. o € NTOUEST. Thls Btate bas always regulated the rate of fotercst fur movev & 10 0D OLET CoU- tructs. Thu act of M 3, 1814, wade the rate U per cent per aunum, but declared sov rute lawful for the payvuicnt of which sy express voutract hod been uiade, Tho Revised Statutes ol 158 legulzed woy agreed ate up Lo 12 per cent per annutn, The Revlaed Statutes of 1545 autburized the collectivn of § per cent per wu- nuw, 3ud vo wore, Iu 1349 18 Was wade lawful o etipulate, by written coatract, fur ths pay- ment of 10 per eent per nnnum for nse of money loaned, and in 1857 this provision was extended to all contracts. 4 Tu commerclal centres and fn plder, communt- thes, whiare the home supply of capilal 12 fully up to el the wanta of t i taay unswer (o atiow the rata of interest f 1 hy the taw of dennd and supply, which prices Lor all staple commotdittes, oo Hiates, wlere aceatanlated copital i< not sufilcient to mect all the demanid for tte use, nid resort fa hed to out. side sourees of sup) all purcly azricnit- ural connmunitles, experience haa shofih that a maxinnin rate shoulid e fxed by statute, Tu Chicago, andin 8t. Lonls (whici fs amoney mart for kome portlons of 1Hinois), the erdinary commercial rate lias, for rome time, heen 8 percent per annum. sml there have been long pe- riods whien the bulk of transactions have been at st lower feures, . Tiere {8 a peruraneat low- erine of the rats of Interest, resulting troin the tnereastige amount of acewronlated capital seck- tng employment in thos cities, This Is cqually {rte ul‘ over the country, and may be [Husttated by an examination of the financfal reporta of New York and other Hastern eities. but ot of all by the fuct that the Unf Siutes (Govern- ment has leen able to reduen the ratoof inter- st o its toans from £ per cent per unnnm o 4 per cont per annunte Tu view of theso faels, 1 Delinve the time has come when, fn this Suete, e shouli reduce the maximun rate of tatendst 10 8 per cent per annum, and 1 recommend that the Legdalature amend Clupter 74 of tha Re- vised Statutes to that effect. SUCRETANY OF STATE. 1 place before you, herewityy, the biennfal re- vort of the Secrctary of State, and to its fall and falthful recitals You are referred for inforima- tlon upon tnany fmiportant toples, which are wurtl,v of your careful consideration. I respect- fully call_your attention to the revord of _pro- cecilngs hod under the act of May 21, 1877, (o sceare to the State additional Capltol ;irunmh. The Commissioners aopolnted under that law awarded an srpregate of compensation and daniages for the grounds sclected of &H,100, aml thy Attorney-(icneral has justituted suit tor 1hic =une, with coste, againat the obligors ol the bom? rtven by certain citizeus to the neonls of the State of 1llinols, guaranteeing the convey- anco to toe State of the land n question. I ogree with the Becretars of State In his re- quest tor an additional uppropriation for the In- vidental expenses of thia General Asscubly, and for the care of the State-Jlonze nmd grounds, and for an udditional approdristion to pay the contractors for State bindine. “The Neate Iistorfeal Soclety and Natural Tiatory Muscum,” ecstablished by nct of the “Thirtleth General Assembly, has mmde a very natiafactory beolining, and calle for furcher atd at your hapde, which it eminently deserves. ATTORNET-GENEIAL, The duties of the Attoruey-ticneral’s office have become vory numerons and nportant within the last few years, ‘The blennis] report of the Attorney-Cicheral shows the number and charaeter of the sufts in waleh the Stato has nad nn loterest,—a very large number of the cases (nvolving™ Jarge sums of money for past-due 1axes from corporations. 1t is 8 rourve of sutisfaetion to know that nearly all of these cases have been disposed of In favor of the validity of the tax oesessments. aud the taxes have necondlogly been pald, I respectiul- Tv ask - ntlon to thie sugiestions of the Attorue ral fn relation to the defectsn the L werning the proseeution of tax Injunc- tlou coses, ‘I vane of The People ox rel, the Attorney- Glenvral vs. The_tllinots Agricultural College az Irvington was Rppeated to the Supreme Court in pursuance of the joint resvlutlon of the ‘Fhistiet) General Assembly, und the deelsion of the court below reversed and eent back, and a decree hns been rendered fn the coury below in_ conformity tu the. opinion of the Supreme Court, and the bulid- ings snd real cstate, representing procecds of seminary lundy, which fad previously beeu caonveyed to the college in trust, have been ro- conveyed to the State, aubject to certabn lens. Te wiil bo necessary for the Leglslature to make an sporopriation sufllcient to pay off these liena, or such of them ns way be (inally establisned, {n order to protect the intereats of the State. Your attentlon is spocially enlled to this matter, os the judgments and otlier llens should bo dis- charged, and some provisfon made for the dis- position of the Innd In accord with the original purpuse for wlhich the samy was granted, ‘The Attoroey-tencral has, during the laat two yezrs, prepared and delivered to the officers and persons calling for them a larre namber of opinions, which are valuable guides in the ad- minintration of publie affairs, 1 recommend that you provide for the publication and distribue tion, in huok form, of the opinfons of tho At~ torney-General, wnd that you request him to +reloct for publication, from tho fles of his of- fice, thoso of public charscter and lnsting in- terest. EDUOATION. 'The report of the Supcrintendent of Tublle Tnstruction Is well worthy of your cunsidera- tton. It coutains much valuable informatlon on the subject of education, and sugiests many changes of the present law, to which [ invite your attentlon. ‘Tho condltion and offalrs of the two Normal Unlyeraitles aro ably presented in tno reports of their Trustees awd ofticers, [rom which you can learn what leislation 15 necessary for their ben- efit. "These Inatitutions are doiny a very usoful work ns n pecessary adjunct of our counson- schiool syste 'The wisest cconomy dictates a lberal provision for the maintensnea of our cowmon schoola and these universitics, ‘They department of the Government ) 1s now tully recognized, in all civilizod Stutes, us st importaut ractor fu insuring pros- perity and preserving public order. By the seeeptancs of the endowment fund, conirlbuted by the United Btates, Nituols has, think, very 1y nudertaken, fu the Industrial Unlversity at Champ:tizn, to found a Btate Uni- versity fu’ the fullcst and broadest sense. In obudlenco to the practieal splrlt of the age, the deslgn has been to provide & school where' the youth of our State can acquire the scleutific ru- diments needed n thelr several callings aod 11 sufts {0 life, with opportunitics tor the highest terury and artlatic culture, tution hay eniered on fta second dec wives the brichtest promises of a long g honor uud uselulness, The tepurts of its ofll- cersand trustees whow its conditlon, and 1 rec- ommend the upproprintions for which they usk, AURICULTURE. Tlinods ta pre-cinently au aericultural Brate, and causes Hkely to ald” i the mote rapid de- velopment of our ugriculturol resources should receive eareful attention, Our soil and climato ore peculfarly adapied to the profiteble peedue- tlon of a yreat varlety of erops. Much the lurger worttan of our prople are ungaed (o avicult- ural pursuits, snd 3 prover recocnition of this wealtheproditelng elads, 1 trust, will 5ot be over- touked I your detiberations. Legtshtion tor the protection of sheep, and for the prevention, us fur as possible, of dlscases amoog furm ante mala, I8 especlally demanded. ‘Tne Devartment of Auriculture, under the control of the Stute Board of Agriculture, has rewdered the Btato * valuable service. and desurves nioro than a possink nottee. ‘The re- borts of the conditlon of the growing crotm, vablished by thet Depsriwient fn monthly civeulure, nre hizaly valued by all intercated In our praductions, Complete statistics of the agrienltural resources of the Biato sre moat usctul, and whutever leglsiation way be deemed necessury 10 secure them, and lusure their ac- il be adupted, tate Agrictitural Muscumn, as an ad- vertiseinent of our varied resources, and us u means of oxtibit of our products to our own citlzens and visitors trom ubruad, promises when complete, to he s vuluable collection, au is worthy o1 support. 1 recomniend the usual sopropriations fn sld of the Lepartuient of Acvicultare and of the Bute Hortteuttural . Socl sl for the ex- peuncs of the Btate Entomologist, Clusely altied to the fnierests of agriculturo & the fimprovemont of the common highways. Wa neca better roads for the transportation of furin products to market, Bad rouls at cerialo seasons of tha year furin ono of the wreat dis- advantuges of our rich soil, and 1 think there can be sume plan devised by lepslution to en- caurage thelr perpiauent finprovement. ‘Fhe Inirtictts General Assembly submitted an ameudment to the Constitution, providivg thst the General Asscwmbly may pass laws per- mitting the owners of lunds 10 construct dru‘ng, ditebies, aud leyees fur szncultural, ranitary, asnd miniug purposes, ete, The proposed amend- et was voted upon ut the last cencral elee tlob. aud was ratitied by w very large majority of all the votes cust, The sublect of droinaze s vne of great bnportance, dollions of bushels ot graln way bu added to the cron of our State by the proper drainaze of our level lauds. The ameudinent to the Constitution will now permlt such tewislation us wsy be necensary Lo carry out any ressonable system of dratvaze io tho Inter- vat of an fucicased production of the soll wnd e smproved bealth of the people. HAILBOAD AND WAREHOUSK COMMISSIONELS. The report of the Rullroad sl Warchouse Commissiouers for 1577 uad 1578, which will be laid before you, routaius wmuch valuable wfor- wation relativg o the coudltion uud vperation of railroads und the shipaent and fosaection ot crain, ‘Ihe report of 1578 shows o substantial ucrease futhe tospare und curnings ot rabl- souds in 1873 over the amouut In 1577, This fact. [ ihink, moy be regugded a3 wn evilence of returniug prosperity to the country, ‘The grow- {uyg dlsposition of “the rallroad corporutions to recudnize the suthority of the Comumission in all waticrs subject to Its coutrul fs uuted with satlsfaction. ‘¥oe Comssionend bave done ull in their power to entoreo the law ju relation to rafirouds and thelr operation. ‘Tley ore mict by wuny coiburrassincots and dillculties, which they bave pointed out aud discussed fu ther re- port, 1o which 1 sak your atieution. Nearly Lalt thy 5tates tave cstabllshied Boarus of Kali- road Comnmirsioners, and many nther &tates are likely enon to do so. I think the people of the cointry are cansinced of the Imnortance of maintaining sueh 8 comniszion, and {hat cor- pozationt eroared hy the State must he subors dinate o s soverelunty, Frecuninend that the Iy creating the offeo of Railtoad and Warehonsn Commizsloners bo wmended £o 1hat the tern of offlce be four vears Instead of twa. ‘The Graln Insnection Department, under the cantrol of the Rallroad and \Warehouss Com- missfoners, I8 now admintstesed with very gon- eral sadisfaction to wll concerned, Thi ship- ments to Chicagy, repovted by the Chlef In- soector, for 1878, show an enormous guin over 1373, ond the fact that tife businces of fnsnec- tlon 1s sv well managed is increasing tho publie confidenca In the wisdom of State spection. STATE NOAKD OF UEALTI, Tho act to create and catabiisly a Xtate Board of JHealth went (nte foree July 1, 1877, and very anou afier that dotla the Board was orzanized and entored wpon it duttes, Thao blanks and {uatructions for rezistrationof births, narrl and deata wera prepared, and the avatem inangurated fn 1873, with reanits tiat are sery ratisfactory for & bemfoulng, and which will be placed before vou as zoon as they ean be col- iected and tabulnted. Tho tloard of Health has performed with great siieeeas the fmpnrtant woric Imposed apon it hy the Medieal Practics act. It contalns represontatives of Lhe Jending medical acliools, whio have worked fn eiftire harmony, and have sought to scenre for the people of thie State the gredt oavantapes which &lie law intended to ive, by the elevation of tho standard of quali- flentlona for the practico of medicine, Many delfeate questions buva arisen tn the discharge of this branchot th@: duties, and while they have alned 1o falthiully execuls the law, they litve also been carcful ot 1o makc it a menans of oppresslon ur perseention. Mote than 5,000 iersons practicine medicine fn this State have complied with the taw, and received certificater anrd {t is estimated that 1,400 persons who hag been practiclng medicine, and wera unable to eotnply with the law, have left the State. ‘The Joard of Health recommena that provision be tnade for the publicetion, in book forin, of tho svister of oractitioners who have compled with the law, Owiniz to the pressure of the work imposed by the Medieal Uractico net, tho 1ibard has not done muth in the way ol sanitary investization, but they have orepared ascieme fora combplote eanitary and topographicat survey of the State, which witl be placed hefore you for your con- siderution. Durlng_the yellow-fever” epldemic in the nutamu of 1878, they did good serviea in nssisting munieinal authorities, and I am satis- fied that the partial quarantine established at Calro was very useful i hindering the fncroduc- tion and apread of the discase, and 10 ‘allaying extitement and preventing paolejn the neigh- boring towns, BTATE-JIOUSE. The report of the Nute-House Commissioncrs gives a Jull flvancial statement, fuchuiior the date aud amount of every uppropriation for the bullding, and alsv recites in detall what remains to bedune for fta camopletlon. The Thirtleth General Assembly passcd an act avproprinting 8431,712,18 ¥ for the L‘(llll(flb’l‘nll and furnlshing of the new BtausHouse," subject to ratitication Ly tne peopie nt tho pucceeding wenerul elees tlon, The appropriation was submitted, shd yoted down by the peoplo by a large majority. Little remnina to be duno o which the usuful. ness or practicnl features of tne bullding are b yolved, but I am convinced, s I think you will e when you have given it personal examina. tion, that the futerests of the State demaud s carly complecion fu all ts parte. COMSISHIUNERS TO PARIS EXPOSITION. Under the provittons of the act of Congress I nominated, aud the President of the bnllcu Btates apnointed, John M. Gregory and Osborn 1. Kelth a8 honorary Comtnlestonera to repre- sent the State of filinofs at the International Imiustriol Exposition held in Parle {n 1878, Ihese gentlemen prepared, and I caused to be printed, o pamphlct fo the Frenen language, coutaining sketehes of the history, eography, geology, nnd other patural festures of the Btale, its agriculture, commerce, manufactures, aud educatioun! ystem, with & deacription of its chlet commieicin! city, and other Interesting facte. This was freely dfatributed at the Expo- sition, and I bave sbundant cvideuce that it was highly appreciated, uot only as a description of this State, but a8 n roprescntation of tho gen- eral eharscter of American States and justitn. tions, ‘The Commissloners have prepared a re- port, which will be placed before you, in which they have embodied the results of a careful stuily of the leading extlbits, sclecting thoso which give_Infaration most valuably to the citizens of Iihnols. I recommund that an appropriation of $500 be made to Dr, Jo M. Gregory tor Iis services in preparing and superintending the pubtiention of the pumpls i French, und to relmbursy him for vleric-hitd and other cxpenses conneeted With the prepuration of the report. COMMISHIONER 1O BTOCKIIOLAL Lappointed Fred H, Wines, Sceretary of the Stato Bourd of Charities, 8 Commissioner to attend tha Interrational Prison Congress, held at Stockholm, in August, 1873, 1w report us Cowmmlasioner, which ts incorporated in the biennlal report of tho State Board of Charltles, cives, in addition to o rn?»uu of the Congrens, uch vuluable (nformation couverning pen: and charitabie nstitutions which he visited PLENITENTIARIES, ‘The full and explicit reports of the Commls- sfoners und Warden of the Illinofs Swate Peoi- watlary ut Joliet furnish alt the facts and tables needed to euuble you to have o complete knowl- edue of the uflalrs of the vrison during tho last %0 years, Its cxnenses, its cornlngs, theantount of it indubteduess, the health of the convicts, and, generally, the disciplitie of the prison. The fudebiedoess on the 30th of September, 1574, was £50,600.23, which nmount should be appro- priated, and the debts patd without delay, This prisun has been self-supporting sinco the carly part of Jast enminer, but when the present onrd of Commiissloners touk vontrol, und for a yeur utterwards, it was _overcroivded with vons victs, and in the gunoral dej un of busiuvse it was hinpossible to secure work of any kiud, ut uu‘v price, lor suversl hundred of theni. vall your cspeclal uttention to the sugges- tion of the Commissloners and Wanden fa favor ol & lurthier sppropristion, 1o hedruwn upon by the prison, tu svold the necessity of using credit, und the consequent expeuse i fnterest nnd the bigher prices paid for aubsistence snd clothing, "These ruggestions coue with equal fores from both prisons, und whatover you may deem proper to do fn response to thein should apply to Loth, ‘Il nct passed by the ‘Thirtleth General As- sembly to locate, coustruct, and curry on_ the Boutnern Iliinon Penitentlary csme’ in force July 1, 1877, ‘The Commissloners appointed nn- Qer thls law catered nt onee upou thielr dutlee, and altor very fuil consideration they finally agreed upon a gjts for TUE PHISON AT CHRSTEL, This selection of locality und site wos ap- proved by the Governor, Auditor of PublictAc- counts, and Attorney-General, 'The truct pur- chased for asite contuing 1323¢ acrce, withamplo frontuge oo the Musslssipp! River. ‘The Com- wesioucrs found great dilliculty In sclecting o place having all the proquisites seclted in the uw, viz.; ‘‘conyenience ol aceess, vlevation, dramoue, never-failing water privilege, conven- tenca to both quantity andsquulity of ¥tone und thnter,” with 100 acres of lail 3n ong Imdr. ut arost nnt toexeced 820,000, Many locslitics offervd pomsessed some uf these quullties. Thu ditficulty was fufinding one which vomblued them ull. The locality ut Chester comes nearer to u coplete complitunice with the law than uy other point which the Commsidoners cxlluthY. After the location the Cotandssioners vro- cured satisfactory plaus for s Warden's house, und cell-housu with capuclty to notd 400 con- victs, udvertised for bids, and contracts were made for the erection of these bulldings, A temporary house was bulit for thy uccommoda- tion of the oflleers, A brick building ) feet lony, farty-four fuct wide, and two stories high, ‘was ballt Tor & temporary prison, aud will, luter, be usctul and uecessary as @ nrachine shop, Oa the 20t of March, 1878, 200 prisupers were sent frow Jolict, thereby eiving much necded a3 NCLIEP TO THA NOUTIERN ¥rISON, ‘The cell-house, with capacity for 400 couvicts, was vanpleted vn the st day of October last, and eluce that date courts jn the Southern Peuls tentlary District have been sending convicts to tha Chiester prisow. It s evident already that thedivision of the State by See. 11 of tue South- crn llinois Penltentlary ace gives the South- ern Pemtentlary o larger dsteict than it csa ror some thno aceotnmodate, und 1 therefors recom- miend that authority ve fisven 1o the iovernor 1o fix the Huits of the Northern and Bouthern dlatricts, respectively, oo the jolnt recommend- atfons of the Buurds of Cotwmlssloncra, ‘Ihe appropriation of $200,U% for the South- cru Illinvls Penitentiary was for the sclection of o site, purchaze of laud, sod the erection ot bulldings, Tho act also provided thac the Com- utlsslovers should, us specdlly s practicable, be ready for the safe-keeplug of a laree number of couvicts to be trausfeered from tho Northern prisou—the wbject of tha Leyistature belug to relicve the Nortuern prison, und (o use convict Isbor fn the voustructionof the new ooe. Thers was Do spectle appropriation fur the payment of oflicers aud meb 1o guand tue prisoners, or for clothing and pubaisteuce of tbé couvicts, or {ur evll turniture, sud’ neccssary tools o wake thelr lnbor wvalluble. The Commbasioners bave belisved that, under thesy cirewmctanees, a rea- sousble coustruction of the statute, tasen us a whole, permits them to use such portion of the BDPropriation &S i necessary to ¢quip and carry 0B the vrisvn. ‘I'uu reports of the Cummissioners aud Warden show the prouruss of the worls, present fult g- pauclal stalewents, and give sb cstiwate of the WwLULE necedsary to cowplele the pitavn accond- ing to the deslcu, I a3k vour attention to thess cotnpan! 05 peraun tho's countris for a inarket for the b"IkY products of n reporte, and recornmend such approorlatiol wiil sceure completion during tho years 1870 185, and alzo that you make such other pro- vislon a8 will ennble’ the Commissluners to take care of the prisoners without fn-nrring debt, On the first doy of this wouth Joller prison held 1,543 convlers, of wlom 1,528 were men amd 5 wo ‘hester prison held 313 con- viete—S4 men and 4 women, PARDONS, 2 The pardoning me' of the Governor In- volves n lnborlons Hne of dutles, which are very closely allied Lo bis obiization ta take care that the Iawa be faithfully execated, Every pardon fmproperly granted is not only in such partien- Iar case an omisslon to falthlully exceute the lawe, but it goes sumo way Lo weaken the deter- rent influenco which ts one of the ohjects of the punishiment ot crime. To avold the donger of belne misled by ex parte statements, I have adopted a rule requiring that notice of the in- tentfon to apply for o pardon shall be given by threo weeks' mdvertisement in the county in which the oifense was committed, and that” /1l apulications shall first be supmlited to tho Jdidee who presided ab the tral, and to the Elato's Attornoy who proscented, for such state. went or recommendation, if aby, as they mny sew proper to moke, Experience has shown the usesof siich advertiscnient where the Applica- tlon docs not. fully or fairlv state the facts, and 1 an satisfied that the operation of the rule hus :,nlccn to reduce tho number of frivolous applica- ons. TOARD OF OUARITIES. The 8tate Charituble, Educational, and Penal Tnstitutions of tiinois may be divided lnto two classes, those which are, aund those which abe not subject to the Inspection of the Board of State Commisstoners of Public Charities. The oaly Institutions exempt from this supervision ary the Univerities and the Penitentinries, Of the ten jnstitutions connected with the Board, uiua are in actuat operation, viz,: the three In- eaue Hospitals, an Institution for the Deal and Dunb, and one for the Blind, sn Asylum for Fecble-stindcd Childran, the Holdiers’ Orphans® Home, tho State¢ Reform Sehookh, #nd the char- itable Eve and Ear Infirmary at Clileago. ‘The Tuirtfeth General Aseembly appropriated for e use of theso nine fnsticutions, for all pur- poscs, for two years itom JJuly 1, 1877, the sum ol $1, , 8 portion of whizh was for thelr cnlarzenient 1o nccommodate o greater number of unfortunates. ‘The sawe fusti- tutions ask fur approoriativns tho present Ceneral = Assembly to amount of a little over $1,400,(00." The Com- nissfoners of Public Charities, whose duty it {s, under tho statutc, to revise these requests, are of the opinfon that an sppropriution of about 1,500,000, or $600,000 for each of tha two years, will be sufficient to meot the actul, necessities of tho vase, but do not regard it o8 prudent to %o below this figure, n view of the larce n- crease in the oumbcer of inmates, eapeclally of 1nsanc patients fn our hospitals. This Board haos heen vigorous in the exercise of Ita fune- tions, fearlesn fn tho oxpressiou of its opinfons, and has held, from its organization, o pretty evon middie course between pursimony and ex- travagance. I therefors cornmend the report of the Board (in which you will tind detalled estl- mates and thoe reasons for them) to your careiul attention. 1 am substantially in “accord with the views theraln expressed, A gratifving cvidence of tha prudent manage- ment vifeh our Stats charitable institutions have had i3 found ia thu fact that tbat they bave kept within thelr sppropristions, and that cvery one vartivs over a balanceof sppropriation uncxoended, ‘The reports of the Trustees and oflicers of -the several institutions will repay vaur vareful cousideration, which yon should hestow to enable you to make adeqinte provis- {on far thelr necesslties, At this point I tuke the opportunity of say- ing, that to thy COMMISHIONERS OF PUNLIC CITARITIES, to the Trustees of the State institutions, and to all other unpald oflicials o the Stute, 8 heayy debt of obligntion is due, on the part of tho Commaonwealth, for a largo amount of. valuable service of the best description voluntarily ren- derud, without rewara or the expectution of any other thau the consciousness of duty faithiully performed and the gratitude of the publie, to whicii they aro certalnly sotitled, The last Legisluture provided for the con- struction of s fuurth Hospital for the Insane, nt some paint to be deterinined by Commissloners of Locatlon, to be appointed by the Governor, ‘I'ne Commission supointed by me selected a farm of 251 ucres noar the City of Kunkakee, An approprlation of $200,000 was made for the purchuse of land and tho ereetion of buildings, tha greater part of which has been expended by tho Trustecs in the construction of thosu parta of the gencral plan essentinl to the running of the Itospital, no that any portion which may bo at anv time completed and ready for occupancy by patients may be put in usé lunuediately, The working department has been plavned for an institntion of suiliclent capavity to care for at least 500 patlents, munuy of whom will, of vourse, be chronie cnses of insanicy. ana for these tho hoapital will be nlso an uavlum. The ‘Irustees estlinnte tho total cost of the huspltsl at Kankakec, for 800 inmates, on the plans sute- gested by the architect, at about 830,000, 3t which §200,000 hus ulreudy wobropriated. recommeiid the appropriation of such un amount. us may bo deemed udvisuble for the prosecution ot the work of enlurging the capacity of the Nospital, on such plan as your wisdom inay dle. tate, so that the lusaue i our State nmy Lo nearly ull cared for. Of the necessity for this huspital there ts no doubt,” and, that belng ud- mitted, the mors energetically the work is push- ed to commpletion, the sooner the State will reap tho benellt of the investment already made, und the more cheaply aad qudwhll’ll{ {s the whole work liiely to be accompllabed, 1t will bo nee- essury, 8180, Lo approvriate an nmount sufilclent for the maintenaoce of whatever unmber of vatienta the hospital will accommodate, until tho tins of the seting of the nest General Assembly. You wiil flnd In the reporta of the Hopitals for the Insuue somc suuwestions as {0 tuo chiange In the law for the commlument ol nsane persuna to the hospltals, und nlso asto the sepuration of the cruninal from the non-crimi- nal insane, which sre mportant and should re- cetve copsiderution at your hands. The ques- tfon of thy treatment of insane convicts is also discussed o the report of the Jollet Peniteu- thary, THE CANAL. ‘The report of the Canal Commissloners is ac- by the revorts ul thelr Generml endent and Cbiel Engineer, and cou- talns vthing needed fur a full knowledge of their atTatrs. The expenews of sdmlutstration and maintenauce, with the neceesury reuewals t atructures, will continu to use entire incomu of the o “Phe Hlinols & Michiga sl has cou- tributed largely to the growth and develop- ment of the State, und 5 1s ctitl of vital fmpor- tauee that It b kept {n such condition as will fu- surg its brnest uscfulucsa. Much remuios to bo dune to carry out the orluinal plans of the system ol water comuunivations between the lnkes and the Mlssissippl River. The Lecistae turo should preseut the subject I the strongget manner to our Representutives o Congress,‘so os to impress upon them their duty to secure from the Ueneral Uovernincut further aid for this work, Situated as we are, dependent upon distant superl our soll, our people are e all matters affecting nsportation, The water routes by tho lukes and the Misslssippd River” are of equul Jmportance to thein, We nust do all we can Lo mulo- taln uud Jmprove the counecting porilon of the route which lies witnln our own' territory, We uro alsu equally mterested fo the mprovement of tho Lower Mississippl River, Our growing trode with Central and South Ameriean States should be fustored in every legithuute way, sua the stiortest und most direct trade routes shouid be developed for the trunsportation of our {amdm:u, and of thoss which we rezeive 1o re- urn. elally Interested In APFELLATS COURT. ‘The Judges of the Apoellate Court for the Firat District bave wiads a repors, which will be placed before you. There was no nkpmnrlnllnn inade by the lusy Legislature for the espeuses of thefrcourt. They have rented roows and bottgit necedsary supplive, and thus incurred ndebteducss, for the payment of which § recom- end that an lmmnedfateappropriation bemade. I call your attention to the rewaerks of the Judges about a jibrsry for their use, for which provislun should be made. COMMISSION OF CLAINA, ‘The Auditorhas, o pursuance of law, included 1o hia olenninl roport a uetalied stataiwent of ull® awards made by tue Cominfasioner of Cluius, thelr sesston in August, 187, and I recom- end un sporopriation for the pavment of the s allowed, which smuuut, jutbe aggregates, COLN AND DOUGLAS MONUMENTS. The lust Geperal Aswumbly bassed an act making 4o approoriation ot §27,000 for the com- pletion of the Linvoln Munumunt. The smount appropriated was drawn frum tue Treasury sud, a3 will uppear from the report of tho Monument Assoclation, a portlon of the fund wits pald ouc 1or work done, uud tho balanco i3 beartuy futers eut und well sceared, to be pald as the artist vrogresses with the sdditlons] geoaps of stat- uary on which he 18 now cuuw:fi. Itis cxpected that br the tine of the meeting of the vext Gieneral Assemnbly, the Lbneoln Monument will b completed without further cost to the State, ‘Fue sawe Ueneral Assembly passcd sootber ¢t appropristing 350,000 tor the completion of the Dougtlas Stubument at Chicago, sud vawed uing Cutumissioners to 1ake charge of the work, Fie Commivaloners pawed tu the uct were amoug the wost emlaent wen tn the State, who were friends of the deceased statesman, They have masde a winute report of the work sud 1te cost, which shows thae when the tzures on Wlich the sstlsts are uow euvuged are tiuished, PAGLES Justice 18 doue uud hels clfort to abtain it themselves. the monument will ubstattinlly completed, exeent the hasrolinry wwnleh are 4 oart of the urlginal desden, ‘The Commissfoners estimato that 89,000 In acatition to the sn now on haud Wil ha require.d to finkah the moument in alt Its parte, ami provide means for taking caro 6 it for the nest two years, [ resicetfully ree- omuend that thia siun be uppropeiated. ‘The eervices rendered by Lincola sud Douglas to Ilifnofs nnd the nation, the honorand famo conferred upon their adopted Stato by these vatriots and atatesmen, and the love which the people of our Btate cherish for their nanies and memoties, render it unnecessary for me to do mora than suggent the propriety of making such aporopriations ns_will complote thess monu- ments, and provide means for taking care of them for the years to come. PSTIMATRS. The Conatitution makes it the duty of tho Governor, in his incssage to the Legisiature, to “present estimates of the amount required to be raised by taxation for il purtoses,” In obe- dience to the eanstitutional requirement, 1 sub- mit the following cstimntes for ths two yeara ensuing, the detalls of which, thouglh not here ?:Iven, have recelved my carcful consjderation: istimntea of the amount of money required to be ralsed by taxation forthe nextiwo years. For general Btate puroosea. FExpenscs ol tho seversl Dopartments ot enumerated below: Legiatat Execitive Judieial... Ex!)vnul of Atate charitabla institn. tlons and to constraet tern Asyls for the insne Expenses of Unlversiti To constract Houthorn pay expenncs of huth prisons. 500, 000 For conveying convicts and arresting IIRIIYeS.iias <o oore seveen s 82,000 lnuia Yorional (uard. . . 3 Deticlencies: Milttary... .8t 00 Misceilancons... 40,000 —_— 122,00 $4,027,000 For State achoo! purposes One million dollars per annum... «..$2 000,000 ‘The duty of providing * for all the appropria- tlons necersary for the ordinary and contingent expenses of tlie (fovernment untht the expiru- tlon of tho tirst flacal ¢}umcr after tho adjourn- ment of the next regular acasion,' as well as of determining what appropristions ave necessary, devolyes upon the Leglslative Devarcnent o the Government. The estimate by the Governor mercly serves 68 a basis upon which ta begla the work of legislation. I may, however, with- out Impropriety, call your attention to that elause of thy Constitution which aeciares that the natount of gnruprlufim\u elnll not “ex- ceed the mmount of reveouc authorized by law to be ralsed,’ and suggest the fmportance of the task of adjustiog the reiatiou botween lucome and expenditure, and of Nmiting the awin total to n reasonable and proper figure, The oxpenwes of a great State Government ke that of Hiluois are necessarily great, uven with the utmost cconowy In appopriations and cxpenditures, They are not luige, however, fn proporlion either to our pupulation or to our re- sources, ‘T'he tax for State purposea is lurdly feit by the peoples our expenses are lght n compariaon with the cost ot uthier Governments of Stutes of equal populalion with our wwnj but ns the Stale grows, the cust of the UGoveru- ment grows also, and ju inany respccts the tom- plex relotlons of denser popnlations increaso expensva In o more rapid rutio. In all that pertaing to the construction of Lulldings, aud, i u less degree, in oll the expenses of running the Btate {nstitutions, the purchusing power 0f monoey 18 greater than it has been for nearly twenty years, and it {s only for thls reas sun that it is possible to cars for ‘and support our 8tute fustitutions, with their nnmber and capacity alike largely guirmented, without any very coaslderable fucrease in the aggregate of taxation. - Helying upon the patriotic zeal which you bring to the discharze of your Jdutles, I look for n result from your labors which will rebound to the welfare aud honor of the State, AL Currom, Guvernor, CURRENT OPINION. Tho Proatdential Iot-House. A'ianta (Ga.) onsittutinn (Dem. ). Ten't It ubout time that the Awnerivan people change their Presidential hot-bouse from the viciuity of Ohlot A State That Ought to Iave Something, Columbuz (0.) Dispaten, If wocan't bave snother Ollo man for Presl- dont, at least glve us an Ohloman for Gov- ernor, The great 8tate of Ohlo ahould insist upon that, Gold Reduced to the Ranks. Nasrilie (Tonn.) American e, ) We see the Jethronement of a master In gold, the tyrant has become thoslave of commerce, an humble instrument of exchange. Bilyer-Remonetization, Memphik (Tewn.) Avalanche Und.). But for silver-remunctization the legend on the Walt Street Exchunge—*Gold 100 flat ¥ would not havo appesred on the blackboard to sadden the gold-gambier. A Yiy-Rpeck, Cinctnnail Enquirer (Dem.). Bayard's frieads clajin too much territory for hitn, Think of the lttle fy-speck of a State of Delawara controlling the solid Houth, and New York, New Jersoy, and Conneeticut besides. It must be discouraging to Tilden. Grant and Okl Washington, Cinetnnatt Cammercial (Ind, Rep,), In the debatine socictics the question whether Grant is “a biger man’ than old Washington has quite superseded the old favorite as to the comparative sutleriog of the ludiuns and the Uegroed. Istind, Cintinnals (aseite (Ren.), 5 1f the dominant classes in the 8outh still con- Uuue to think v enhinuces thelr respectability to keey a large proportion of the population fn ignorance, they must be stranzely Liind to all wconomical, as well a3 moral, lcssons, Tho Negro. Uslea Remubltcan (Ker.). The desire to got the uegro out of politien 1s universal und commenduble; but (¢ fa seen that he never can bo climinated from polities until pructically, us well as theoretically, conceded perfect political equality, Bayard. Wasrington Rewubdlican (es.), Mr. Bayard fs avother one of that numer- ous caravan none of whom will make sny But if it should cume his way e will suddenly become buuche backed,~s0 much 80 that he can't throw 1t over his soulders. “The Hlondy Shirt., Dustoos Adcertiser (Bep. ), Only under the bloody-shiry banger can the Republican party win the pext Presidentia) eleetion, Mr. Uarrison declares, ‘Thou the parsy 16 likely to lose the election. W take it Lo by {mpusyidle 1o rally the North by thut ¢ry, aud undesirablis 11t were positble. The Kycamore's Danger, Pittsburg Inapateh (Lau. ), 1t 1s feared toat Besator Voorhees, of Indisna, will explode sortly. Resumption having come without sny shock to the country, cootrary to all predistious, and political necessity haviug sat dowp llke s mountain ou lis safety-valve, his ntertor pressure muat be sowestuiog uwlul, Grorgis Not Solld for Tiden, Auguata (6a.) Chronicls (Dem.), The New Yurk 2'ribune says: * (Gieorgia {sin tavor of ‘Tliden, with = platform of any princi- ples which cun be guarauteed to cateh the most votes.” Georgia s uot fu favor of ''iden, and 11 e should be nommnated thousands of Dewo- crats fu this Stata would refuse to go Lo the pulls ou the day of election, Gone, but Not Lamented, Counctl Blugfs Nompareit e\, Any Nst of the Hllustrous desd of 1878 i manifestly incowplete which docs not lnclude “The Ohio Idees™ The fall electiuns tintshed it very summiuily and effectively, and resunption to-day precludes all possibllity of resurrection und & ll¢ bevond the grave. Tt is a very wad vase, but what Is the demsgoguc’s loss Is tho country’s guin, A ¥ine Chance for Lamar, Utica tiernid (Bten. ). ‘The Southern statesmen and the Bouthern press bave had but one stasdard explanation uf the overwhelming Dewmocratic majorities fa tho districts where the negre population {8 kpown to largely prepouderate. They Inalst thas oll these pegrocs bave been voluutarily converted to the Democratic party. Ifthis lsso, It is o very stnple thing to demoustrate it con- clusively. 1f the South Caroliua negrovs were all yoluntary Democrats st the last election, tocy will all gladly testily to that fact now. Mr, Lawar eapecially bas wads this wssertion so - positively aud pathetically from his aea Renate that ho shouid foel’ 16 o natter o £onal pride and_ honor to establish betore i, Teller Committes the truth of his remariy statements, b Itequisiten for & Domacrntio Candidaty, Curdetia (1ep.), s It Mr. Thurmaon cannot stand the inegy strain of acanvass for Governor, whateay the Democracy expect of him In o roen for b Presidency? In theso days A Democratie capgy, date for tho White House must have'elther tpy brains and cloquence of a Stephen A, Dyugjy or the munez and ennuing of n SamuelJ, Ty don, In either vass it's & great stratn, The Moral Forcrs Hecuporated, Raltymore Gazette (Dem., ). Tt 1t be truo that Mr. Tilden has mare money enough fo Elevated Raflroad stock to cover gy, cxpenditures of his Jast rald on the l'rnu\lem-y tho smnll candidates for tho Prosidency, why are short of % Copenhagen, had hetter be loak. foi for nice quict sfde-tricks, for Samuel's Joo. motive will comu booming down tha nain liny one of these mornings, scattering things Culifornla qnow—plo\v. 2 E 5 dikg.y The onks. New York Graphie (Md.). *‘Come back! come back " sha cried in gleg To Potter's Sub-Commitice; **Don't leave In sach a hnfl, " said ehe; **Come back! And I'll bo witty!" 4 Come back" Not thoy! They on "That Potler Ano.Cammition o 1 Mk With coat-tails horizontal sproad, Skedaddlcd (eom the ity Another Democrat Iteady to Unload, Baltimors Gasette (Dem.), \ Al tho next cleetion Tilden or bis representy tives will be routed horsc and foot, Thera | therefore, no uso talking about New Yorkand ' New York politiclans in connection with a Den. ocratic future. The Democratle party could nevaer carry the Grammercy Park load again, sq it should “never La called npon to do so, Thy West and South must forin a partnershtpy once, and prepare to name the next President, FEwing and the Lien, Asacritte (0,) Journal (Ken.). It {s now sald that Mr. Esing is 10 be put for. ward, aud, ns he {s always tickled with fancies, therae ia little doubt he will consent to the saef. fice. Certainly, if the “Oblofdea® 13 b *kopt alive, lr. Ewlng s Just the man to nurs it; and, if it Is to go down,into Its grave, hels the very projur peraon to boar it company. La 1t be Eiwing by all mcans, and Jet the people of Ohto get in another *lick ™ at the colossal hua. bug that bo champlons. The Maine Republlcans. . Mgfalo Conrter (Dem. ), ‘The Maine Republicans have indeed burned behind them the bridge to s coalitfon with ths Greenbackers, but they have thereby extiugulel. ed that ephemneral organization and wanled oft from thelr own party the danger of furthor de moralizatlon. Apart from the Natlonal signit. cance of thelr action, xh&y are undoubtedly stroneer fn thelr Ntate to<day thon' they were after the Scptumber eiection, and thelr prospeca for victory niext fail are as falr as at any previe ous election {n recent years. Fathinating St. Louia* Populstion, Daltimore Gasette, ‘The St. Louls newspapers finally got throuzh with their dircetory of persons who were williog to have {t known that they would recelve calls on New-Year's Day, Theso lista covered whole pages of the papers, and were published cvery day for a week, with additlons and cmenda. tions. The liste, however, are very valuabicas a basls of ealewtlation. Allowing one old mas, slx thildren, two wervants, aua o coachman for every lady advertlsing to “reccive,” we figure up tne population of Bt. Louls Lo the nice round total of G0V,000. ‘Vaniahed Into Thin Alr. Raltimore Amertean (Reo.). Tho rotten-money party haa recelved its mon tal wonnd beeause of the simplo circumstanca that tho provisions and exccution of the Shere man act of 1875 have cqualized the value of the zold and paper dollar i 1879, It flitted ocross tho stagey §n tho mtdat of doubt it assumed the proportivis of the Brocken glant,and now It dis uppears just s that spectredoes fu the dawa of sinlight. ‘The condolotves of the Nation sro tendered to the alleged Atntesmen who took it for a real and enduring thing, Narrow-Mindadness and Liherality, Paletyk (Y. C.) Obserezr (Dem.). The Rhode Island Legislaturo obstinately re- fuses to repenl the law prohibitine the fnter- marriage of whites and blacks, and the Sprivg- fleld ttepublican proudly poluts to the South Carollna Leglslature that obstinately refuses to repeal the Jaw P(-rmmln;: such unlous as_In murked contrust to the vurrow-minded New En- land body, Wa think, huwever, that for o the '.\'nrJn-rn narrow-mindeducas s yustly preferable to tha Bouthern lberality. A Hotemn Oceaslon, New Yurk Tribune (Rep.). That was ® sofemn occasion in Boston, oo Thursday, when Wendell Phillips pronounced what nay be constdered the funersl oration . over the late unlumented Gireenback party ‘Thicre were 6o less than elghty disciplea of soft money present, repreaenting all parts of New England, and tnoy must bave listened wilh zreat intercot to Mr. Phillips’ efforts to prove that the corpac was stiil alive, ~All that was necessary to convinee peonle of it, he said, was ta whow that the Gireenback party was the win- niug side. Novody offered to tako the contrat to do the howlng." Tha orator was rurd that i the nedro had received his forty awres and a mule, fien. Dutler would now bo Presk- ddeny, und evervthing would bu lovely. Which scems Lo indicute that the cooutry Lss the Millennaim. Piain Traths for the Kauth. Crncinnati Commercini (Ind, rrv), With the experlevco that we have had, we do ot look with vonfidence to tho uthity of avy - furthier scatimental longiugs for sectional recon- ciltation, **7The Soutth" must learn (rat aod thoronghly that It is the miuority scction; thab thers is equality of Btates, but not of sectionsy that ull clusms bascd npon the theory that #the Buuth " is one-half of the national wholy sr¢ unsound; thut, If the South asserts fteolf as 8 unit through disrezurd of the cowstitutioosl compart, ft inust bu overcoma by tho North as» it that the Soutliera cloud of soctionalisnt must be dispersed by constant proof of it uu- suoflhllllum:l\l tu thé Southern people; while the deprivutlon uf the Southern biacke of the free nizhit i suitrage, in violation of the treaty ol peuce between the Unlted States and the Bouth- ern Conlederacy (wa mean the sniendments of the Constitution following the War) can_only Do unawered by the defeat In the uext Prest dental etection of the pml)l- that hos reallzed power [rom the use of the shotzun and the stutled ballot-box fu securing o Dewocratic Com Eiesh UNKNOWN HEROES, Hlustrious men of every age and clime, ‘0 you we frecly give our reveront cato! Nour would we o'er forget those acts Whiteh beiehtly throygh the Dbt ah} the nsmens thut Sistory write: With glory crowted—are tavy alone the great] Hlow many bived snd died BuxoLWn B fu Who wrouzbt with patience ju their low o, Whoso week exuuples fow on Earth cap vuulatel We hear notof the battles that they fought With siu, and pride, and butoan vassjou strong, Nor ‘mid what wtrifo they uncomplaining wroughte Nor buw, perchasce, thoy sulfered gricvons wrduge 0 urials only e iheir WOTK unXuOWD, ‘Thiels patient hope through days of anxious care= For upwara far tu Heaven's shintug throne, Through waves of Jight and crystal delds of sir, Thuir sacridcing 1abor pleads, » voiceless pri 1t matters not how lowly the career, Nor waat the work, if Wrought wit3 porposo righty Aud ready hund or brain; whate'er the sbhere, Coutentwent surely wall our 1o} teouite. What though the warid shull not our otfoets beeds And ouknown workers we, too, live and die— ‘T huwblust task, woll done, 1e blest indeed; Aru there uot Aniuls watchiug froum the sky, Wuo will of self-avuyiag lsbor teetiry? ‘Take heast, tske heatt, yo unkaown workers all= Yuur deeds are Incunse otfered b Lo God. You histened potto Pleasure's siren call— . Yoursteps, unshrinklug, rogged batuways trod. Thouzh Damrless horo 0N Esoib, the Ancels keod A recurd of your self-deaying xoal: "Fuen let valivion o'er UUF monIOry BwEep, Your ilt herole frow the worid coucesl, — © Etornity, at laat, your greatiees will reveal. Lo M. HavEBsTICE. Itocx Istawn, M, Jso. 1, 1670, e —— Slie Knew Not Gold, Al an (M) Meuuslican. i A gentleman cunnected with one of the banke {nir fnatitutiuns fi $bis city olfered a youus 1.3 # §5guid colo us 2 New-Year's presest ‘Tud youn lady esauived the unfsmiliar piece 1ur tively, and tinally declined recelvug &, remark- 10 that sbe wus not 30 be footed “with @ biosd twentv-live ceut plece?