Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 26, 1878, Page 4

1MS OF SUBS 1N AD'AIH“:'H!‘I'AUI I'llll.‘llll). Pt orn Freany shent Foturday ¥t pecimen eoy lve lost-Ofttce address fo fafl, Incloding Stste and Teunty, Llemiitances may be made ef:ler hy draft. exprosm, Tost-Oftice order, or In rrirtered tetter, at oor riak. TERMS TO CITY BUBSCRIDERS. Tallr, deileved, Sunday exeepted, 23cents per week. intly, celivered, Euncay fncinded, 30 cents ner week. Adiren THE TRIBGNR COMPANY, Corner Madtson and Dearburn-sus.. Chicagu. Til. Ordera for the dalfvery of Tux Trinux® st Evanston, Ltglewood, and Hyde Park teft in the counting-room willrreeive promit attention. TRIBUNE BRRANCH OFFICES. T Cricaqo TRIne g has estahiishied branch offices or tho recelpt of snhscriptions and advertisements s vllows: NEW YONR~Doom $0 Tribune Buflding. AUDEN, Manager. %, Frauce—Xo, 16 Rus dc Is Grange: R, Agent. Rug.—American Exchange, 11110, Agent. F.TyMo- ntellere. 449 Strand. MeVicker's Theatre. Madison street. between Desrborn and State. ** Wom: 800t the P'eople,™ nnd ** That Biersed Laby, Baverly's Thentre, Dearborn street, corneraf Munroe, Engagement of Mr, and Mes, Wiillamson. ' Struck ORL" Iaoles*s Theatre. Tiandoiph streer, tatween Ciark and LaSalle, Eae gagement of Mis Fanny Davenport. ** Pique.” Academy of sMusic. Tahted strect, between Modlson and Monroe. ety entertainment. iamlin's Theatre, Clark street, opposite the Court-House, ghanistan Carmen,* Va- *'The Af- Metropalitan Thentre, Clark strect, oprosite Shernan House. tertajument, Varlety en- 1'nlon Park Congregatfonnl Clinrel, Coraer Adnland aycnua and Waehington street, [llus- trated Art Lecture. Subject: **The Vatlcan,” White Stocklng Park, Lake shore, Grand foot of Washington strees, 'FIIURSDAY, DECEMBER 2¢, 1878, A mournful incident of thq cold term fn France is reported in the cablo disputehes. By the breaking of the ice on & pond nt Chapello Moche, a town near Paris, forty- eight children were drowned, Senntor Oaresny raturned from Washing- ton on Taesday to spend the lolidays at his homn in Decatur, Helsin fine health snd spirits, feeling that thero is no canse for worry over the result of the coming Senn- torial contest—n matter which is in the hands of the Republicnus of Illinois, whero he i3 coutent to leavo It. e ——— Gen, GanrreLp modestly disclaims any de- sigus npon the Obio Governorship, and ox- rresses o preferenco for Cuantes FosTen ny tho man to lead the Republican host to vie. tory uext October, He thinks, however, that the Conveution will sce toit that no mistake is wnde, and that in the meantimo nobody need be at the trouble of eithor sc- cepting or declining the nomination in ad- vauce, 52 ———— The ofticial inyuiry at Barlin into the Pon. merauia disastes hag resulted In tho acquittal of tho Captain and officers of the ship from nll blame on account of tho terrible disaster, 1t was roported thal many lives were lost through the solfishness of the crew, but the finding of the Board of Iuquiry mnkes no wention of this, asserting, on the contrary, that hunau effort could hove doue no mors to avoid the collision or provent loss of lifu. Secrotary Snenuan, who arrived in Washi- ingtou yesterday moruing from his finnl wute-resumption visit to Now York, deufes tho story of Hewirr and others that the First Nutioun! Bavk was favored by boing wnde the Govermuent depository of funds umonnting to abunt 235,000,000, He ss- serts that this bank was chosen by the Syn. dicite s a redemption agent, nud nuver wus iutrusted with a bond uutil it had beeu puid for, L, T R The Honest-Moury Lengue of the North. west propose to celebrato the adveut of a return to specle-payments Ly a meeting to Le held in Chieago, Rightly cslenlting that'the frivnds of & wound snd stabla cur. Teney would Lo gldd to listen to an nddress by (en, GanrteLd, o uan’ who hins tho rare fuculty of presenting fiuancial views Iu a wost attractive forw, the Committen bos Ine wited bim to speak ot the resumption ratifi. cution meetivg, and he has eccepted, nam. iug Thumday evening of next weok, Jan. 2, s the dute, —— An ecelesiustical contest of more than local interest is fu progress at Oshawn, in the Dio. ceso of Torouto, which the civit judiclary will Linve to wettlo, sud which lnvolves the question of the right of a parish to choose its spivitunl head, In the abaence sb-cal of the Uiskop the incumbeuoy beeame vacant, and s wiuvister entirely to the liking of tho con. gregation was callod aud entered upon the work, Upon returning tho Blshop refused to coufirm the seleetion, but desigunted another Rector, whoss High.Churol views rendered bica unaceeptable, Ifo way logked out of the church by tho Wanlens, and straightway went into court for an order compellivg them to give up the koys, Tho caso Iy still pending, —— The fury in the Mack wmnrder tylal at dunesville passed o very secluded Chrlitian, which fact was due to the requivements of the Novised Statutes of (ho State of Wis oousty, It seems that they wero ready aud willing, sud probably anxious, to rendor their vordict, the only thing lacking beiug iustructions from the Conrt on s minor point of law or ¢vidence, For this purpoas the Judge wos suminoned sud the prisoncrs brought in, that the wauts of the twolve tuight bo attended to, It was, hLowever, discovered, when the Court had assembled, thut o statute stood in the woy of further progress at that particular time, the law providing that on @ public hLoliday Judges of Courts bave no authority to iu- struct jurics uy to their duties or even to receive a verdiet, [n this predicawment, the ouly thing the Court could do was to adjourn uud leave the jury to reflect upon tho beau- tivs of the law which made Olristmas a holi- duy for everybody but themselves, Christwus in Clicago yesterday was chief- ly su uilair of iudoor ¢ujoyment, the weather Leiug & trifle too positive for opeu-air cele. Lration to any extent, but just of the sort to erluues the comfort of a duy ut Lome. thiat the clurches were negleetel. Tastoful docuratian vie the Fule, und utivn servies Not | were numeransly held and Inrgely atteuded, Tho charitable inatitutionn received their due share of generous remembrance, tha theatres entertaiyed hotiday crowds, the jail prisoners wero ngroenbly remindea of the fact that the inat election gave them a moraliberal landlord, nod if there was anybody. who. wam'tin n Christmns frame of mind it \Wa the people who fignred in the murder fi'fil in progress at tho Crimina! Uourt—tha lawyers who qnarralod, the Judge whe Xipt them from coming to blows, the jury who were being tatked to death, and the deféndants who were prinfully uncartain as to the coming verdict. Ontside of Chicago, so far an the dispatches indicate, peopl generally had a cold but merry Christmna, THE GOVERNMENTS L0SS A BANKER'S 0. AIN, Thero Is a chinrge agmust Secrotary Sner. MaX that e hss been extending special fa. vors to the First Natfonal Bank of New Yark whereby that institution has been onabled to make n proflt of saveral miltious of dotlars during the lnst six or seven months, Thia charge grows out of the proceas of refund- ing the Govetnment G por conts into the new 4 per conts, and it will probably receive some additional attontion from Cougrosy aftor tho holideys, There sre two sides to the cage, but it {s of suflicient importance to demand Congrossionnl ingniry: it snch in. quiry result in clearing Mr, Surnyay from all blame in the matter, it may still lesd up to n cinuge in tho Iaw, which now obliges or permits an enormou’s vost to the Govorument to the advantage of the banks negotlating the salo of the { per cent bonds, It appoars that, uuder ihe present law, tho Goverument fa compelled to pay doublo in. terest durivg throo mouths,—¢ per cent on the called Londs and 4 per cent on the new bouds, making 10 per cent inall. The now bonds st bo subseribed for beforo thera cau be a call to thie sante amonnt for tho old bonds, and this call nust antedate by three montls tho actual redemption of the old houds. Thus the Govornment {ssnod July 1, wo will say, 320,000,000 0f the 4 per cent Londs to the First Notfonal Bavk and called 20,000,000 of the i per cents, which did not mature, however, bll Oct. 1 following. Dur- ing this period, thes, the Governmient had ontstanding obligations for £40,000,000 in- stead of ¥20,000,400, aud paid G per cont on one-half thatsum nud 4 per cent on the other Lolf. In this manoer the bonded indebted. ness of the Govormnung wad telnporarily in. creased, which fa forbldden by law, but Sccrotary Burraax insists ihat other pro. visfonsof law requires that the transaction be made in thisway. But Mr. Hewirr also chorges that the First National Bauk had still another advautage by being permitted to retain the 20,000,000 gold subscribed “for the new Londa by putting up as collateral the called bonds perding tha procesa of thelr materivg. During the threo mouths, then, the bank not only njoyed the interast on the two sets of bonds, but also such iu. torest as it could earn by tho use of the gold left with it'on depoult. A statement of the Government balances in the Natfonal banks at the first of each month from April to De. cember shows that the Firat National Bank constantly had 8 mnch s all the other bauks put together. Thus, on the 1st of May the First National hiad $19,000,000, aud all theather bauks together only 820,000,000 ; on the 1st of July tho First National had 212,000,000, aud all the other banks £10,000,000; on the 1st of Novomber the First Nationnl biad $28,000,000, and all tho other banks £411,000,000; and so on, ‘Che point made ngafust Mr, Smeruay is that the Inw does not require that the gold aubgcribed for the 4 por conts shall be left on depoait with the banks while the ealled 6 per cents are maturing, and that bo' should not liave given the bauks thiv,advantage without exacting interest that Waould'Ta' part offset the double interest pald on the, bouds ; wlso, that tho Secretary favored the First Natlonnl Bauk iu these tronsactious in a consplonous dogree, ‘The roply mado on behalf of the Becretary i that the balances appearing on tho books are merely nomingl, aud recorded for the purpose of facilitating the uxchauge of the bouds; that the gold fs not actually on deposit during tho three months, but i siwply Assmed to Lo thore in order to effoct the exclinnge of the called G per cents for the now 4 per conts, and that the Iirst Natloual Bank nppears to be tho Inrgest Lenetiviary of the system of vxchange bocauso it was the chief American membor of the Hyudicato charged will the uegotiation of the new londu. 1roper investigation wiil roveal tha relativa morits of each sido of the cuse ; and, whatever clse way by the ont- cote, it certuinly ought to lvad tosucha modifieation of tho luw as will reloase the (overnment from the puyment of double jo. torost during the threw months pendivg the exclinnge. Wo uniduratand that Sucratary SiEuMAN himseif snggests that the time In- tervening botweon the eall and the maturity of the 6 per cents shall be reduced to ten days, and this wonld seem to be reasonable, sluce the great bulk of the bnsiness of re. funding is done through the banks, AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP IN GERMANY, Tho publieation of somo of Bavann T ron's correspondence with the Goverument ou thie snbject of the naturalization of Ger. man-Amncricau vitizors i lkely to bo of con. sidernble servicn in determining the morits of thu controversy that lLas grown ont of severnl recent cnses, Mr. TAYLOR wes ex. cullently qualitied to judire hupurtinlly as be- tween the German Government aud the revie dent claimauts of Awcrican citlzenvhip, sluce he wns at once n thorongh Ameriean, and yet in full sympathy'with the German people, The Infyence we draw from snch portions of hils correspoudence av have ale ready appeared in print I2 that ho was satis- flod thut the status of Awerican citlzenship in Germany under the existing treaty is fair, and that the Germnnn Government i not disposed to cncronch upon eny of the rights whick the cltizeny of German birth acquire under naturalizatiou ju this country, ‘The present treaty provides that a residence in Germany of wmore than'two years by a naturalized citizen of American birth shall Lo construed as a permancot residence thoro aud subjects such person to tho duties of German citizenship at the option of tho Ger- man Governmont. This condition operates to preveut Germau subjects from acqniring Americau citizersbip meraly for the purpose of evading the daties of German citizenship, aud yet it Las saved tho Amorican Govern- meut from much embarvassment which it previously expenenced in protectivg the rights of German-Awmericay citizons who were mercly visiting thelr native land with- out auy intontion of residiog thero or of forfeiting their American citizenship, Mauy cases cited fu Mr. ‘Tavron's ofticial correspondence show that the alleged in. fractions upon the rights of Germsu-Amcri. cau citizens visiting their native country grow out of their ignorance of the iuter. nationul agreeteeut goverzing their cases, ur out of wn owrroguut el fuandullu asnumption of which no theory of iutornational law wonld war- rant. Thne Mr 'Tavion had frequent applieations from young men amd their perents to aeccrtain whother a rexidenes of five years would ontile them and their children to perpetunl protection a4 American citizens, when returning after that period to reside pormancutly in Germany, Every smich applieation implied a frandulent in- tent, v1z.: Tho purpose of eseaping the dutica of German citizenship without fore- going any of its privileges, and also of acquiring the rights of American citizenship withont inenrring any of its duties or responsibilitics. It wonld not be to the ad- vautngs of either Government fo encournge this donble fraud, There undonbtedly have ‘been a good many naturalizations that wero intendod to operate in this way, It is also pratty ecertain thal many of the cnses in which the Glorman Government is carged with having violnted the righta of temporary residence in Germany have arisen from the unwillingness of the German-American visitora to comply with the local regnlations during their sojourn, Boma of them negleet to declare the probable term of their stay In Germauy, nid oven refuse to do so whon & request to that cffect comes from the nuthoritles. Bomio of the other assumptions of exemption fromn local police Inaw awe simply preposterons. Oue (lermnu. Amerienn wanted the protection of the Amerfenn Legntion because the authorities desired to compel bim to huve his child vaceinnted in complisnce with local sanitary regulations, Another wanted an interven. tion of American nuthority to enable him to voto at a Geruinn election, as thongh Ameri- can naturalization could bo made available to secniro the lughest privileges of German citizouship! It iy not the busivess of the Ameriean Government {o protect any of its citizenn, native or naturnlized, iu their igno. ranco or deflance of the principles of intor~ natioval law, The naturalized German.Amerioan citizons will do well Lo resist any ngitation for tho ropeal of the treaty of 1868 that may be suggested by individual cases of alleged in- Justico on the part of the German Govern- ment, '[hat treaty sffordy them the surest guarantees ever secured for the reeognition of thelr rights, aud its termination would revive tho coustant and troublesome disputes that occurred befora its ndoption, The re- Intions of the two Governmenta are of tho most friendly and cordin! character, We do not boliove cither the Inperial or Loeal Gov. crnments of Germany hiave any disposition to infringe upon the proper rights of (ier- man-American citizens who may lomporarily sojourn under their jurisdiotion, aud we are suro that tho United Htntes Government ix dasirons of enforclng the fullest vecoguition of such rights, The poiut {s that the terms of tho oxisting trenty afford the best gougo our Government has over had for detormin. ing tho oxact priviloges thnt pertain to naturalization, end for proteoting German. American citizens in tho enjoyment thereof, CO-0PERATIVE ETORES 1IN ENGLAND, The ca.operativa storo system has proba. bly beon teated’mors thovoughly in Evgland than alsewhere, In this conniry theircareer lias been short-lived. Tu Englaud thoy have flourished longor, but the sigus that the old aystem s coming to an end even in that couutry are uow apparent. 'The mont sig. nificant of these signs is a change in the system, aud a chango for the worse. Bo im. portant and universal is this chiange that tho English papers nre dovoting minch space to it. As the Palt Mall Guzette mokes the clearest statoment of it, a reamno of its arti- cle will bo of interest to the general public, a8 well as to those who have Leon jdéntified with the systam in this country, ® The original theory of (he co-operntive store wns o shnple oue, Bervauts were appointod to do the wark hithorto doneyy the sliopkeeper. In this way tho net cost'ot the goods su pplied, and so much of the cost of distribntion as it wos impossible to get rid of, were paid by tho purchasers, while the profits hitherto made by the shopkeep- ers went futo tho customen' pockets. When the theory was put into prac. tice, 1t wns found that . further outlay was necessary. siuce money must be provided (o pay rents and for the purchase of goods, 'I'his money had to be borrdwed al intorest, and the parties who lent it be. eawio sharcholders in the store, ‘Ihus far all wns legitimnte, und under the operution of the systom the stores were very successful, 60 much 6o that thelr number rapidly in. crensed, and they Lad to refuse to admit new wmowbers except ay vacaucios might oceur, Tt wen the very foundation principle of the wystem that the tarifl of prices should bo so fixed ps to cover us newrly uw popsible the sxact outlluy ; Lutas the buninens increhsed aud the control of the markel grow more and 1mora closo aud advauingeous, the margin bu. twoon money pald out ainl monuy taken in constantly grow lavgor, until at last the quen- tion what to do with the surpius demanded au auswer, 'The proper sposition of it, in nccondance with the theory of (o Rystem, would bave beeu. to pay it oved ta thu enstomers, xinee it cutio onginally ont of their pockets, All that the sharcholders were entitled to was a far interest repre- sonted by o fixed dividend. Aw (be Guzelte soys: *Juwns {udispensabile doubtless thint something more thau this should be token out of thu customers’ pockets by wayof precaution agninst accldent; but, 50 soon o4 the margin scenmulated wos more (hau sultivient to cover thiy 1isk, the propor coyrie was to di- vide it smcng tho customers fn proportton to their purchases. 1f ono mwan had spent £100 durleg the yeer at the sloves and unother £50, ard there vemalned at Christ- mas 8 margin of £15, it was clear that £10 of it Lind begn pald by the former aud £5 by the latter over nnd sbove what, on the eo-op- erntivo principle, it was necessary for them to pay ; end the remedy for thiy Inevitable exaction was to puy them back tho sums they lLad sovernlly advanced.” Instead of this, ju nearly ell of the leading stores, tho surplng hios Leen oppropriated by the sbarcbolders, sud thuy, instend of Dbe- Iug lenders of woney to the story, they in reality havo beconso its proprietors, ‘Fhe Guiette olso iudicates otbier poluts of de- parture, ‘For iustauce, the cuitowers have always been required to deposit u mmnll registrotion.fep 1 return for their tickuts, while all the sharebolders who are custonicrs are sallowed to purclinse withont paying for thisir tickets, a practico as iucousistent as it would be to allow a rilway shareholder discount on Lis trausportation. Again, the practice is to distribute goods for sharehould. ers free of cost, while cudtorers are charged for it, < ‘The result of theso changes has been to wake the skarebiolder the proprietor instead of the creditor of the store, sud the custow. «ry, instend of purchaslug from themsclves in co-operation, paying only tho necessary expeuses of thu ugents they vwploy, ere puiclesivg from b v ‘. TRIBUNE: the This new et of e ot once removes the guaraniees which the customers have had heretofore, Under the operation of the old sy tem they wera not linbla to vecclvo inferior goods beeauso the prives would have to be correspondingly low, and they were freo from any danger of overcharging bLocause there was no motive to do it, siuce whataver surplus acorned went back to the ctstomers, Naw, however, the sharcholders being pro- priotors, the very samo evils confront tho customers that indneed tham to band them- selves togethor for velief. The sharehaldors taking the profits hiave juat tho sawe induce. ment to charge high prices and sell poor gooda ns other tradesimen, rud; besides, the opportupity for frand and embezzlement s Inrgely inereased. 'They bave returned to thesame point nt which they started, and find themselves face to fnce with the samo diftl- cultles. The gencral result, though it bos Leeu reached in a more roundabont way, is the smno as that whioh characterized tho system in this country, aud the customerns are already finding that thoy eau purchase to better advantage in thy competition of the opon murket than they can in the monopoly of joint-stock companios withont any yuar. autees. THE ARMY BILL We gave gome dnys ago a synopsia of so el of tha Lill reported by Benntor Buay. sy for the reorganization of the army na related to the changea in munber of the regi- ments, the substitntion of tho battalion for the regiment nathe unitof the army, tho increase in the number of Lntinlons to a reglnent, aud the numboer of men o a battalion, We nlso pave n statemont of the proposed thorongh and wholesalo reduction of thennumbeorofofiicors illingstal appointments underthe variousdepartmientsof tho nrmy. We suggested at tho time that this interference witls the purely ornamental branches of the army would provoke the most serious oppo- sitlon, Tho number of ataff officors is 74 per cent in oxeess of the wauts of the service; that is, 75 ont of overy 100 might Ve "discharged without wenkening or impniring the servico in tho least, ‘I'hiese staff officers owae their nppointments to socinl influonco; thuy belony to *rospect- ablo” or * first” fawmilien; they nre reticved from duty in tho field, and thoy are put in the wny of rapid promwotion, nud lve at headquarters, where they form a brillinnt aud “udmirsd part of fashionnble mocioty, While thoy lead tho “Gormen” with dis- tinghished graco aud ability, their less favored soniors who serve in the lino apend Aheir daya and nights in eamp or at forts on the frontier, watching or pursning the *nn. tion's wards," the I[udiaux, Staff officers aceupying ‘“npartments” at the hotels in Washington onjoy the luxury of ' forago " nnd *fuel” nllowancos on an equality with tho offlccry of the line located in tho lava. bods of Oregon or ou the bauks of tho creeks ond streams in tho domnain of REp Croun aud other gontlemen of that solect: branch of Americansocloty, It is said that alroady the mnids, wives, and widows, the expoct. ant wives, the mothers, the nunts, and siaters. in-daw of the woveral huudred wnpernnme- rary and purely vrusmental staff officers hava obtained written promisea from a majority of the Henato againat that part of the bill which breaks up a notorious and scandalous abuse, Wo will not beliove that the Bonate is na weak ag°has boen reprosented until thero Lns been a voto on the question, The bill, however{ commondable . and proger iu itself, hns soveral provisions which aro objectiounble, nnd ote of thewe is repre. sented as containlug an enormons private job. The bill substantially abolishes tho nationnl nrmories ab Springfield, Mass,, and Rock Island. It is said that one or more wan. ufncturing establishments in Rhode Tsland are prepared to manufacture all the nrms and perforni all the other york now exe- cuted at the national armories, and they nsk that the Qovernment go out of tho business nud depoud ou private estublishments for whatever it mny nead, Of coursa * thero’s miltions iu it," and this proposition ey have more strength in Congress than the other to abolish 360 useless ofilcos, A wemorial bus been presented to Con. gress by officers of the lino protesting agninst tho oppressive discriminations made by law at preseut agalnst those in the fleld and in fovor of those on the goneral stafl. Bomo parls of thiv wemorial Luve & pungency that ordarily would be effective, but which will probobly fall when opposed by the softer blandishinonts of socisl solicitations und appesls. Bome of the points way bo thos stated. A cadet gradu. ated mto tho eugincers or ordnanco is ad- mitted to *“n close corporation for life,” whero: pronotion is rapid nud labor ensy, whila his clussmate ¢ goes to the frontier to instruct stupid recruits, tame horses, scout, sucrifico his life in an Indian fight, or waste it away in the monotony and loncliuess of gurrlson aud camp,” Stafl officer bocome First Lieutennuts in a yenr or two, while those in tha lino do not rench a First Lieu. tenacy in less than ten years, Thero ure thirty.seven Scconil Licutonants of tho line who liave seen twelve yenrs' servica waltlug for promotion ; all tho First Lloutenants in the cngiucers were promoted within four years, aud jn the ordnance in from two to seven years. ‘e memorlal continnes, on thesubject of Quartcrmanters, Conunlssaries, aud Poymasters, ns follows: Allofthe vencral stuffnre provided ng considernbla expense, With a7 vreater asvistance, and ollice us unal convenlences und cmnfurte, shan 8, W rin wimdiar datics, Thia bee e 1 and thay walure o Y peotide, uartetmanters, Col have cleris, 1 BUrrunN, ¥, ) o Chief Quariernausters ana Commisearies fres quently proeire to bo urescrivel ralos (or Post auil Fivld Quartor: and Commissar.c4 which are puyseally iy f obsgrvany, us liwy sequire the Licutenant o bean bwo pluces at unce, or 1o render mure et wnd Teporty 1han he cal pote ity make out, ¢ chivte, however, fabe cure (0 hcep 10l oF the money oy (e Qi s, preteure That line oficers may b (hey transot then but litle money, vouchery themeeives, A Pust rarteriaster hus often to wake out & vouchve, ket the puyeo 1o oizu the recelnt, flion Bk AL 10 tie disbureing ollicer, Whu wends & ta phe vagec: s preut deiuy i pavinenty, Yol ouly trout th thae thus wasted, but that’ cuns suuied 10 corrections and espianatione by mail, and men frequently sell their elams at a dfsconnt, being unnbic to vall, + Judge Advocates rarely pr their tune In erttictsing thoss sud e courtvuiarilal, Aud this sy to the engineer staff ¢ "I'Lera fe, afte: potalng sa'very alstruse in bullding breakwaters aud jeitics, dredzing, pubiing enzyy, etc,, While sowme of the duties of fue enuipeers BUYhL by perforined bY bicn leas ex- pensively educated, Triangulaion b4 a jong wor but "m,f €ivali3ua ane Bot airsio 10 tackie it o withoul line escorte, whicu they can rarely abtun, but whicu the » d miltary envin Lave whengver tl any clauce of da; Haviug udvised that the Sigual Service be made u civil instead of u military duty, the wemorial thus Lits off thy business of the Ordnauce Luresn: Urdnance and explosves are meriy machies sug cuewlosis, and Lo yreat suility (8 nevded” to superintend 1har punclaciure. A far duy s, tho Urdnance Departacul bis wiven us te or nothiv, cousldering the cony Heee Dl vpportuniticastovided, uliboush it hasseized Lue iuveutions of vtuers aid ured then freely wihuat poyment. . . . O of urtillesy, tutuntry, urd cavuiry'c 2 0t o thelr Own ari Bid Dibadyiaiitn; On cxtuvagant, ud pav most n o, but occuny fled forthat duty cont L3y couid viivd 1 trelde on propnsitions which sre now aent before e ardeor Into” the tiehl for trial, fnvolving dety and o3, L curevenmbe, | hoobles, Rots: apurs and sto £ andilizbn cans, ereat-coat #ieapy, knapsack canteens aid strape, elothing baye, knives, cups, ete., cte., s amont the mysterles. Aud the following on the subject of elvil- inns fu military clothes and wearing military titles i3 forefbly presonted « Wy shonld chief elerks, prosccnting-atlorneye, matearalogistd, “cashloes undd teliers, purchasing, fornarding, and conmission ngen othinz man- ffacturers, clvil enyineers, or dupermtenents ot tachine-shops and laboratories. have, an sich of- fieluls, miiltary titiesy They rarely wear nutform, but would he shocked 1f adareseea ae plain Mister, If they ate military moo. ds mans of theni are, lot them licor s ehare of the dancers and fatiges of o suidier’s life. We dre willing to ailow them chances for tlte honors for 8 share of thetr com- forie: and we earnestly aek that they be estopped froni pretending to reniresent ue in the great vrn- tres of civiiization, while they are really pursnimg thelr own alms and purposes, Tt is probable that the lino officers will have the sympathy and support of uine- tenths of the people in their appenls for Justice aud fair denling, and it will bo fortu- nate for the army if Congress shall make the reform so enrnestly needed. At present the whole artay suffer in public ostimation be. cause of tho nbnses and scandals properly belouging to the staf, and it is but jnst-that the .whole army ba rolievod of this odinm and the nbuses abolished. The London T%mes of Dec. 11 contalns an ex- tremely Intetestiog letter from Dr. Scuniz- MAKY relative to the palace of Prias st Troy which e has unearthed.. Although he has not yet examined the whole of it, he is already sat- Istied that HoMER could never bavo sccuit, te says: “In fuct, by HoMmi's description, we are led to expeet Lere a palace of oolfshed stones, contalulng the fifty bedchambers of Prias's sons, and just opvosite to them, In the court, the twelve Ledchambers, equally of pol- ished stones, of the King's daughters, Dut as ut bis time public edifices, and probably also Royul mansfons, were bullt of nolished stones, #0 he naturally attributes the same architecture to Prias’s house, magnitying it with poetfe 1i- cense,” D Bennigsmasy deseribes the honse a5 bullt of unwrought stones joined with clay. A corridor, forly feet long by slx feet brond, leads to a little chamber seven fret by four, wilch Is nearly filled un hy o singlehuge Jar, iled, Hke al! the others, with beautiful terra-cotta vases, By a toor only two feat wide tnls chamber communleates with another, twelve feet long and seven fect broad, Which contains three Immense Jars, five feet Nifgh, four fect broud, and two Inches thicl ‘This room apens fnto another chamber twenty- four feet long und twelvo feot brond, runntog parallel swith the corrldor. and beyond this Is o small room ten fect long and cignt feet broad. These ate all the rooms that the Doctor has vet examinell; but from these and other slgns he catimates that the painee must have been six or seven storles kigh, with ‘over 100 rooms, Thean rooms thit he haa entered he Is positive were the storervoms on the ground-floor to which tioxen refers when ho descrites Hecuna as descending to the storcrooms where the embroldersd garments were pre- served, Among other remarkable dis- coverfes made by Dr. SCHLIBMANK In these cxcavatlons are the walls ot a still more anclent bulldine direetlv bencath the walls of Prias’s palace, which must have been built by the people of tho first city, because all tho rewmains of pottery are of a color which ls never found {n the strata of the second city. e bos alsu acovered on the cireuft wall the remains of the tower-llke houses which were used both for defense and ornament, Hke the house of RamAn described by Josnua, and that the triple gate was hullt by the innabltants of the flrst city. He says: *The suceceling peo- ple. whom T identify with the Trofans, had merely repafred the gate, covering the whitn flags with others of ‘u reddish color, and tightencd the side walls of large white stones by a masonry of the same reddish stone. The reddish fiaza having sullered too much by the white beat in the conflagrition have ucarly all crumbled away sinco ! brought them to light." AL An Obla fellow bas been atudying the recont ccnsus of the District of Columbia In order to prove that tho Buckeyes bave not gabbled every- thing, Of tho 160,051 Inhabitants of the Dis- trict, according to the census completed last muonth, only 1,573 were born in Obilo, while New York has 8,634 and Pennsylvania 4,75, An- other enrlosity of the ceosus 18 the extent ta which the Southern population hias been elimi- uated by the War aud {ts resulte. Of the pres- ent population there were born In Alabama 2183 473 Florida, 09: Georgla, %05 Ken- Louislann, %105 Misslasippl, 2053 e, 2603 ‘T'exns, 835 South Caroling, 409, Ohio bas not yet had hershare of the *fly-blown remnnants that [all from the table of esveutive favor.” M, HAvEs onght to sce to thle matter, —— Little by lttle are we getting at the real socret of the Glasgow Bank fallure. Bad man agement bad as much to do with it us Cowarlght dishanesty, althouch the'latter element was not at uil Jackine, Mr, Fuexina, of the firm of Ssuri, Fremxe & Co., whose fallure was re cently onnounced, has just publicly dectared that his house was bankrupt in 1870, and would bave suspeaded had not the (Hasgow Hank, to which they owed $740,000, prevented them, In Junue, 1578, their unsecured debt to the bunk amounted to the enormous sum of $7,500,000, but even then the Directors refused tu ugree to (helr suspension, aud coutinued to advauce money to them. —e— The Democratle orgun In Washington, the Sentinrl, ta golng Ilu to yeform the purty from the fuside. With wonderful caudor it declares that * There Is a splirit of dishonusty pervading soma Democratie politicians which must be killed If the porty shall be victorions. ‘I'nut helng the cuse, we §ay that fn such men as Sen- utors Brek und VoonuEEs aud Representative Ewixg, and somo few more, the Democrutle party hos its bitterest enemics, BLAINE, CONK- 1180, and all tho Tepublicans cannot harm it haif as much as those rencrade Democrats do every day.” That Is the sort of 8 Sentinel to have on the hi-tawer R The New York Underieriter Is an lusurance Journat which has Just cutered upon the iwen- tleth yeur of Its existence, and comes out in the new und lmproved form of o monthly waga- zine. From a cbardcteristieally havpy poem under the titlo of “The Truly Rurul Mutusl Life-Tusurance Compante,’ which I8 announced as tho frst of a serive of ¢ Tusurauce Ballads,” it appears that this perfodival will benceforth enjoy the luvubrations of Mr, (ieonaz 1. Lax- 10AN (tho “ .Esor " of the New York Woril), who van find fun in the wost scrlous affalrs of life, lusurance seaders sre to bo congratulated ou this fact, ——— The dauzhter of one of the Dircctors of the broken Glasgow Bank offered to .go to joil in place of her fathier, but that was a sort of via- slous suflcriug, tue lonorvat for thu gulliy, that the authoritics vould oo permit. Aud yet it mizhit not bo so whie s shot at justice, after all, Thousands of defaulters, forgers, and other erlmluals beeome vo through u desire 1o be sble to gratitv the pride sud vanity of the temale wmembers of the famllv, Tuall cases where ex- travagant wives and daughters caused the rulo they ouzbt tobe allowed to suffer thelr stare of the penalty, e — ‘The Massachusetts Republicans in Coueress fecl relieved of tho responettility of Bex Bur- e The Genéral Is wapdenng about wonder- inz where he shall “go,” as Wenyreg did in 1553 atter the dswremberaent of the vid Waig partv. BUTLER is & sort of political orplan. He and Davip Dav1y are # The Two Orphama ¥ 1w American politics, We don't say which Is blind, o ———— Dalroid cowpanles, or rather the stock- hoidery In those corporstivus, begin 1o yuestion the propricty of allowing express compaules to o the best aud mwat profitable part of the Laativee that §3 7 tdbsdaind Wi thel dlnes. They are asking, In view of the entire absence of dividends, vr the recefpt of very emall oner, why iUi that the em; loyes of a railway com- pany cammot accommodate the publie ns promptiy and well fn earey ing smull packages as 1arze ones. To thla end, an Enelleh paver sayn that tho announcement 1« made that twenty-five 1allway companies in England, Wates, and Soot- Jaud have rosolved to tssue from and after the et of January nest ratlway stampa tothe public of the denominations of 8 cents and 16 centr, which aball carry parcels of two pounds and four pounds reepectively throughout thely srhole aystems. They have also ngreed toaccept parcels at there welehts and ot these rates through- ont the whole of thelr aystems, and to grant an fnsurance up 1o §5. - - ———— e Although the - Heatlien Chiner havo habils quite unlie ours, there s one practice In vogue n China that the people In more clvitized conn- tries would do well tu ndopt. When a savings bank fu the ** Flowery Kingdom; fails, the bead of the Prestdent of the institution is niways reckoned among the nsscts, and that fact haaa very strong tendency to keep the coneerp sole vent. It operates muuch better than a boud Riven by the Dircetors for the falthfu} perform- ance of their dutles, sighed by other frresponst. ble parties, e —c— Ta the' Editar of The Tribune, Mo., " Dec, 2.—Please anawer the Did Gen, MeChrrias deht the battle of Antieiam ? (21 Wax hn ever relieved of the comnand of the Army of the Polomac nrevions to tuat battlo ? (i) Wan he reileved pon hin retnen from the Peninsala camp: ) AL ANSWER:—(1) Gen, M L.LAN commanded the Unfon army at the battio of Antictam. (2 nad 8) He was relteved from the command of the Army of the Potomae fimmnediately after his return from the c¢ampaign on the Pealnenla, but wan restored agatn after Porn’s disastrous rampaign, kuowu as the Second Dull Run. om— As matters now stand, the Rerublicans ran very wail ufford to tet the cipher-diapately bust- ness stand as 1t does, with all the edium at- taching to the Demoeratie candidato for the Prestdency. It Is the Democracy that shonld eall for an fnvestigation of these damseing charges, and purge thelr party of the shame, clthier by proving ‘TILDEN lnnocent or by throw- ing bim overboard. . et e .t Unlees Scnator 1lowr can prevall upon tho Milwaukee Dai'y Murphey to quit peaistig him, he may as well withdraw from the Senoturtal canvass in Wisconsin, Tho Nenator can stand anythiug but the approbatfonof that sheet. And that the Mwurphey should puff him on Chrlstmas Day | Too had. L ———— Those gentlemen who were defeated for Cone gress lnst fall may possibly tind gome pleasurs in knowing that nv less than five memnbers of the prosent Cougress have dicd since they were elected, Washington fsn’t the heolthiest place in the world, Senator Bavann's family have had a gort of pre-emption on the Scnatorship from little Detaware, Iis father was fa the Seuate two terma. His grandfathier held it thirteen yeors, and one of his uncles elght. Bavanp bas been fu siuee 1869, 5 ———— - Perhaps several Senators thoughit the Briie nvestigation would redownd too much to that gentleman’s credit, and for that reasvn declined toscrve on ft. They are fo favor of somcbody else for President in 1880, Southern Congresemen leld a meeting tho other uight to express the thanks of their con- stituents for the afd rendered the yellow-fever | suflcrers by the people of the North. ———— HEWITT 18 sald to be out 100,000 for money spent fn the vain effort to elect TiLpEN, And yet HEwitr 1s fn favor ol un Investigation of the cipher-dispatehes. 0 —————— it wonld be a Joke if the great shownan Ban- Nt should be elected to the United Stutes Benate from Coffnectleut In place of that other Bansus. e — e A than fn Califoratn lias been fined for making sausages out of cats, Cat meat fs sald to bea good lmitation of pork, and fiee from trichinw, All the Democrata In Ohio who hunker nfter ascat i the United State Senate are mad be- cause TrurMaN won't run for Governor, ——— A man 55 years old in Callfornla has Just eloped with o arricd woman who has seven children. ITe took them all along, e e ———— Canyre lins just celebrated his elghty-Ath birthday, and ia as sour snd crabbed os ever, e — 5 “ Groroe Er1or? will edit her fate busbaod's works. SENATOI OGLESBY. Mo Is Confident of flelug Mis Own Suca censor, Buectat Pienaten 10 The Triduie, Decatus, L, Dee, 25.—8enator Oglesby ar- rived bome from Washington yesterday. N representative of Tug Trisuse called at the residence of the denator lase night, sud found bm fn robust health and excellent spirits, Around hitm wasgathered hls futercesing fanmily, Wwho grave your eorrespoudent u cordial weleume, When questioned upon the coming contest f the Heuatorlal scat, the Fenator's plulnly fodleated that the matter worryjne him rcri' much, le has doubt’ that the Republicans will by bl when the time cones, ts very contide bite returned, and such s the bellef of Avell- ‘osted Republicaus of Lhis city, who say that ‘.umu el al. are fujurivg their chauces, If they have uny, In making suchi tremeudous efforts 10 oust oue of the braveat voldivrs and troest Re- publivans thut has pver honored the State as its representative (n the United Sintes Benate. The Senator, besides having the full supnort of Jo- putdlcans, also nuimbers amouy ks friends men of all politieal fulih who will be glaa to have him re-clected to the 8 wanter lan't n e e a ST, LOUIS ITENS, 87, Lows, Dee, 2%~The Court’o! Appcals of toa referea, Tiis dectston places quite s umnber of persons whose suits were placed in the hands of referecs in very unpleas- ant posifons, Some seventvefive represeututives of (nelr- ance compunies dutug buslucss in 1hia mf’ have petittoned Mayor Uverstolz to remove 1, © Sexton frm the positlon of Chilef of the Fire Departinent for ulleged mismanugement of tres . ‘The asserting contulned in the Bt, Louls cor- respandence of the New York Sun, pubished to- day aml telegraphed over the cour ({3 that Juines B. Euads had been fudieted by $he United States Groud Jury here | untrue, It Dxsup- posed. but nooudy knows i for a fact outside of the ofliciuls, thut the - Uraud Jury are fnvestie wating the uifairs of the defunct “Bauk of the Statu of Sissourl, and 1t Is vonjectured that an Indfetoent viils bo found azulust gome of the old Directors, but, as the Girend Jury has inade no presentinent ty the Court yet, notbing dell- nite regurdiug the matier 1s kuown. = — SUICIDE. Hoecial Diswiich (v The Tridune, * Gavssuuae, i, Dee. 23.~Our citizens were preatly startied by tho report that Dr, M, M, Hereman, an old aud respected physiclan, had committed sutclde by taking adose of morphine, aud was found dead in his uflice ut 17 Bouth Haciue streer, Tno cause of this rash act fe at redent 6 wyswery. or. lerentan enjored 8 arse practice, and wasesteemed by atl,. Hewne a protubient Odd Fellow, agd will probably e buried by that fiatermty, ‘Tuis s the second phvsicion ere tuat bos ternfuated his Nie Jo this wenner during the past Bine wontie, ———— KEROSENE ACCIDENT. Spect:il Divoatch fa The Trivure, . JANESVILLE, Dec. 25.—While Mrs. Jahn Btnuger, 8 widow lady living In the First Werd, was baudlfuy a kerozene 1awp sbout 12 o'clock last night, the lamp exploded, throwing the ofl upon ber clotbing, setting it on tice. Her two SULS LULIC 10 U mvment niter aud extinguished the anies, but ste was »0 badly burued 1bay it 12 thouy t alic wili sot survive = e e R A 41 MURDERED, Dee. 23.~=Tu @ tight to-niebt ot 16 Brown Killed Juhn Regaltla, Laniuu Vere arrested. NEw Yo Buxtur strevt Boows and o CHRISTMAS. © The Obgervance of the Day In Chicago. ‘Religiotts Rervices' In Eplscopan and Other Churches, Sermons by the Rev, Brooke Heriord and Other Pastors, How It Fared with the Criminals, Or. phans, and ANifeted, The Prisoners in the County Jail Luxuri- ate in Turkey nnd Dnmpling, The Widow and tho Orphan Are Thankfal for Poorer Fare. Obsgervance of the where, Day Elge~ CHICAGO. A GENERAL HOLIDAY. The great citv wore a lolidry aspect, The brstling trade of the days and weks preceding the suniversary of the great natal day wheh all Christendom is wont to celchrate had, for the most part, been profitably and satisfactorily done, and nothing but a few toy-shops, candy- * atores, cigar-stores, drug-shops, and saloons of varlons degrees of reapectability, remained open fo the world, and for the arcotnnodation, wore particulorly, as far 04 the shope were cor.- cerned, of stray passers-by who had put off the dayot buving il the eleventh or even the twelfth hour. And even theso wore open inly a part of the day, tradesmen having as good clalm to Immunity from business ptirsnits on Christmas Day, or at least n portion thereof, g any othier class, The weather wasall that coulq be desived, Instead of the rain and slushof the previons year, there was . the lcecovered eround, the clear, frosty, Dbiting alr of the Aanttobs wave—or {ts near relntive—and *‘the ley faugs and churllsh chiding of the win. ter wind,” tempered in 4 measurs by the sun Which emierzed from the winter sky omt Hiom- Ined and warmed to some degree the creat warld beneath. ‘The merchant-princes who buy and sell conl and reap comlartabio profits there- ot had thelr scason of thaukfulness yestorday, The wiid, gs 1t Llew atout their ofllees arid their polatlal residences, and the amoke as t6 canie unt in curllns wrenths from thelr chiin. nay-tops, sugrested comfort within and visions of ‘yreatee and greater profits as the soason ail- vanced, When Thankeciving cante the pro< pect wusa little dublons to them, The word of promise~from Old Probs—had been held to thielr cars only to be brokento their hopes, and they were even wont to denominate him os **a Jugzling flend,” to whotn vonsclence was an unknown quantity, Su they dechled not to be thankful ° fust then—not if they knew {t—and patfently walied for develoge nients. For ns much as a week before Christ- mas thoy had scon tho Joyful frustion of their hopus, and yesterday they were thankful that they were not as the poor’ are,~without coal,~— and they eelebrated tho day without regard to cxpeuses, kuowing tkat they would rean 1f they fainted not aud the coal supply held out. Glec- fully the plumber figured up tho profits which had already enured, und which stili promised to vnure, to bim befura the season closed, For these twoclasses, and for others whoee hopes liud been deferred, Thanksgiving and Chrlstmas came together. The obseryance of the day, In general, rus much alter the stercotyped form. The carly murnlng, with its revelatfon ot secrots in atovk- fuga ond surprises for the older children who had grown out of the Santa Claus jden, was suceeeded by the early church serviees, Hieiy large numbers of Chicage's population partict pated. This, in warn, wos followed by the delightful fawily reunjon as the family dinger, whose attrartionis need not be amplified orgglow ngiy set forth In prosy descriptive, Thore were those, of course, to whom the gorgrous down- town soloon was ou attractive featurcin the programme which they lisd earefutly matured tor the proper celebration of the day, aud some there will be who witl this morniug repent tbercof with headaches und soda-water, Un- doubtedly there was consldersble sufferivzg among tho yuoror classes, but ntich of It whicn caine to light was relleved by beneyolent hands, ‘‘open as day for melting charty.” Take it for all in all, It was a Christmus whose ltke has not been fovked upon i Chicago for several yvars, and of {ts cclebration yoesterdey nobody van suy that it wos ** more houored in the Lreach thau the observance.” CHRISTIANITY, MESBIAN AND BT, PAULY ¢ The vengregations of the Church of the Més. siab (Unitarian) aod of 8t. Paul’s (Universarist) Church united i o Christmas service in the forenvon at the edillee of the forwoer, and thelr respective pastors, the Rev. Brooke Herford undt the Reve D Ryder, con- dueted the exerclaes, which were repdered bleass ant aod Jutercsting by excellent musle by tho chofr. Ilymns were sung and Scripture read that were sppropriste to the comlng of tho Savior. The ev. Dre Ryder dilivered a brief disconse on bristion Uniey.”* Ha went back 1 years, when the Roman Fmpire was isiug, Greeee was fading away, Tyre was gising awuy to Curthiage, and the sands of the Qreat Descrt wers Lprylug the greas citics un the bauks of the [Fupbrates aud the Tiens. The uatlons that then moved the world had wighty borders, und they wrocght onlv for their uwn ‘uerandizeniont and power. Relipfon with them had 1ittle to do with 1ite, and relutel unly to the gode; 11 way yot the expression of man's duty to man, Abraliswm first clearly Juimed duty to relipion, and taugut the aoe- trine of one tlod und the uioral law, but the Jews limited _the conception aof this duty to thewselves, Clinist aceepted the conzention of God, ond tegardod dl vations as one; He sought o ituite 81l upon the busls of unlon with lod, separate frout ull the natons uud indepondent of thelr boundarles, "The promise at firit wus small, but finally this uwnion of all i -Christ Lecame auore aud more a facty the wail ot purtition was broken dovn, and no nattun was exciustvely the ehild of God; _the kingdan of Ged bridged carth and sea. Punl, of all the Apostics, was the greatest represertative of the broad doctrine of Chrlstian unton, and ke exvimphified (L his request 10 the peoply Macedonls to take up a collection for tho needy pour 0 Jerustem, That was the flnt ot thiat kind Wwithin recorded history, Chirl Biod vome te mean the gcacon of ol did noty I hik thoughts, cotuect duiy to others with thi professon of the Christlan st The teat question with ns touday was: Is Christ bora in vur hearts! The Chirlettat's Wes ol today was holiness In the Leurt, Trua “holtuess had - fts root God, The hollness of the New Testameut was, Christ fn us the hope of glopy, ‘Tho Chrigt we loyed gave the h-knetl fo every form of tyranny und sin, To-duy the world's fdeal was hollndss, 1 ke ou the subject tev. D, Jlerford d-WilL' s follo Critlveare uop quite agreed as to the exact rendering of the Just clatse of that old Clatst- mas song, In our verslon it reads: * tood-will towards aiens’t sore say It ought to reads * Pegee on earth amoug mien of wood-will™s while others agatu: * Good-will smonz_ jucn. 1t does not matter much, any way—only keep i the pood-witl: ond you may G the preposition tu sult yoursell, It you hegin with *guol wiil towands pen,” IL will by-and- Ly ges round und Ue **good will umong men "'y 105 gowa will 13 jufectlous. In the beewoning it was unl{ fu Chiriet, Even His Disciples Qid pot beglu wlth it ‘Tuey begay l:f' wautiing the chict sud with ocing ready witn *fire from u on the villagers who woutd uot find 1 bospltality s but somebiow that spirit of tlcir Master's good will touk hold of theu and changed thew, and through them It pagsed out tuto the selitsn, strugeline, fizhting world, snd has becn worklng **ainong " mey ever sluce. It is ull the more remarkable, Lecsuse thls 1s niot what the organized representutives uf Chiristlanity In the world have tried for. The etlort of chinrclics, awe witer ace, has been to muke out that Clristlanily 1§ just this or that svstem of ductriues or forimg. “These have been witat they have set up and Inslsted upou. We do not read of any church that ever, et up ad s cteed 1 belfeve in rood will.” We do not read of any church that ever persecuted people Jor ot beiue “rouna? on the wmatter of Hlov- fug one's uclghibor.” Noj it fs u vesy aifferent sort of thivy they Bave beld up, as'the specal searticles,” or *five points,” or what not that A Juan miat belicve su. Bur Chirlst’s Splat 1o stronz for them. It bas ke t woing, cven thongh other things bave been put before It 1t baa keptaiive (s