Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 1, 1878, Page 4

i, - q Ty erT T n o IS0 T CTDTRMTIN . SEPTIE e Tribae, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BY MAIL—IN ADVANCE—TOSTAGE FREPAID. $12.00 w0 2.50 i 50 150 S 380 Bt Give Post-Oltice address In full, including State and Counts. Liemittances may be mnde clther by draft, express, Tost-Oice order, or in registered letter. at our Fik. TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. delfvered, Sunday cxcepted, 25 Cents per week. Wocems per week. Addiess THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearborn-eus.. Chicago. 111 Grders tur the delivery of TuE TKInUSE at Evausion, Englewood, and Hyde Park 1eft [n the counting-room . wall secelve prompt ttvntion. TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. Tz Cricaco TRIRUNE bas established branch offices for the receipt of subscriptions and advertlsements as Zollows: NEW YORR—TRoom 29 Tribune Bullding. F.T.Me- FappEy, Maveger. LARIS. France—No. 16 Rue dela Grange-Batellere. 1. Manrem Agent. LONDOYN, Eng.—American Exchange, 449 Strand. DENEY F. GILLIG, Agent. HAN FRANCISCO. Cal. SOCIETY M ce Hotel. GS. ORIEXTAL CONRISTURY, S.° P.- T .S, ~.329. This Order of Chivalric Masonry are making gre: preparations for 20 cxcursion w Milwaukce ou Tues. Uay: Set. 17. THE annual scssion of the Supremg {otincll. S35, occurs at that time. and the ** Oriental Yrinces repafr thither as the special gucsta of Wiscon- sin Constatory. While in tue Cream Clty they wiil he called upon {0 unfte with the Miwaukes Thirty- svcunda 1n cscortiog aud paying hoir g Lhe Supreie Touncil, The Oriental Contistory kues fuliy canfpacd, sccompnied by wu excellent Lait of muslc. and, from 1lie breparations befni niage t Sfilwaukee 10 cntertum 1he command. & pleasant tiine I3 assured to ail partiel- pating. Trabi leaves thie Clieaxo & Northwestern de- votat 10 a. m. The Executfie Coummitiee havi cliarge of this excursion comalsts of Priuces G. W. Darard, H. . Pood. John O'Nelll, ' A, tzussel], “and E. . TGuey, 1rom whom all necessary {nformiation cau vé gbtaluca. RIENTAL CONSISTORY, ecial Assembly Thunday ness of importauce and drul. quested to be present. Al Princes 1nteudinz 1o 20 tg Milwaukee who neve not sswered st BOLISY one of the Exee: Tuerday, 34 fust., in unier 1o weure liotel tops. By order GIL W, BALENALD, Cotiin JAS. A. T. BIRD, 325, Grand Secr CORINTHIAN CHAPTER. cial Convoc.tion Mcn tay the Mark Degree. Visittug cof iuvited. By order of e ors on o cordinlly BALRNAND, 1L L HOME LODGE. No.503, 3. F. & A. M.—Speclal Communicatiun Monday eveninz, Sept. 3, &S o'clock Tor work. tors condlally s cd. RICK, Stcretary. APOLLU COMMAXNDERY, Yo. 1, K. T. Couciave cext Tussday eresiuy o B Celock. gruer of the Temyle will be coiferred. Visitors wel- come. BY orderut the Communder, e T J. 12 DUSLOP, Recorder. —stated The D. A, CASIMAN LODGE. No. 6%, A. F. & A. M. A ar Communieation will be ficld In thelr liall, West Mudison aud Liobey-sts., Tuesdas evening, AL M. Degree. Visitors welcomne. :30 sharp. A, DOUGLASS, Secretary. o Seul. 3. Waork o Gavel sounds m 7 of P.—4 full attend- GATUNTLET LODGE. No. ance of the mewbers {3 reqliested on Tucsday evening, Sept. 3, 10 take action for the rellef of sulering bregires tn the South, - ALMER H. WELLS, & C. WML BLACKBUKS, K. [£S] GOLDEN RULE LODGE. No. 76,4, F. & A. M. Tegular Communication T hesday vveninz, Sey business and work on Third Degrec. Visiiiny always welcome, Uy order . M. ren CHICAGO COMMANDERY, Xo, 19, K, T.—Stated Conglave Monday evenlor., Sent. 2, for Uusfuces and Forkon &, T Order, &' Sir Knlghts welcome. ! Com: i JASES E. MEGINY, Recorder. HESPERIA LODGE, Xo. 411, A. T. & A. M.—Cor- mer Halsted and ltandolol sts’—Kepular Communi- cation Wednesday evening. Sept. 4, at 8 0'clock sharp. Wark. By order of the W. 3. CHARLES il. BRADLEY, Secretary. SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1878, In New York on Saturday greenbacks ruled steady st 99} cents on the dollar in gold and silver coin, reputations. 1t is a fact forcongratulation and surprisé that the list of Luukrupts pub- lished this morning embraces so few of the heavy business-firms of the cit TlLe bappiest men in the country yester- day were the Registers in Badkruptoy. In this city the Register cleared £12,500 in cash onhis day’s business, to say nothing of the peyments that accrue‘to him hereafter. It is estimated that the erop of bankruptcies throughout the United States is sufficient to afford all the lawyers a fair living for a year to come. The wail of distress that comes to us this pleasant September morning from the in- fected districts of ths fever-stricken South ought to open our hearts snd our purses for the relief of the sick and destitute in those localities where pestilence walks forth at noonday. People in Chicago who are bless- ed almost beyond measure with good health, a fine climate, an abundance of this world’s goods, and surrounded by everything that can make life desirable, can hardly realize the extent of the distress aud actual suffer- ing that to-day afflict our brothers in those cities where tho yellow fever rages. Their Macedonian cry of ‘“Come over and help us!” cannot be answered in person, because an unacclimated man or woman is aimost certain to becomen speedy victim to the dread destroyer, so that we are thrown back upon hard cnsh as the best, quickest, and most efficacions agent that can Le employed for their relief. Thera is no language that will poriray the condition of affairs down there as it really exists, and the actual real- ity outstrips auy effort of the imngination. Any minister iu Chicago to-day who pro- nounces the benediction before n collec- tion is takenup for the plague-stricken cities is grossly neglecting his daty to humanity. A special dispatch from Mewphis to the St. Louis (.-D. tells the frightful story better than any ono at a distance can fancy it: *We are doomed—those of us who are yet spared.” “The death-roll of eeventy names tells a story as horrivle as that of Grenada's charnel-house. The new cases_ruu up to 100, of whom one-thid are colo 1tis o hell on carth fo live through the expeneice of fife here as 1t 38 tostent, Aheavy rain has fallen all duy, und the cool uir hax ehille mony u form in death. . . . Six physiciane from other cities arrived to-nizht, and there is room for as many more. The Howards are short of men, 3 Sx1Th, CoePER, and ANVERFON beins Sic catlng for voluu- Teers, but every brave mun in Memphs is already inharness. . . . The mortality is 80 horridle that men who came into the city formerly to 4o business ud to ieave at saudowd come o More, ... The disease_is spreading aumonz tie n roes very budly. The feroism of woman b shonc out in a thousand cases in the Jast week. where «he clings to those she loves il eatching the infection, she herself passes out nto the wreat beyond. You pave the list of the dead. Tmink of 8 dity of buli,000 white people und lmazine how 1t is,1n thisdoomed city 1o-nizht! We want oesides nuies more undertaxers, more hearses, and wore coffins. THE STORY OF THE BANKRUPTS. The sensation of the past week has been the daily list of bankruptcies, counted by the hundreds and nggregating millions of dollars, The end has been reached at Iast, and the repeal of the law which has enabled 1his universal liguidation by statute goes into effect to-day. The immense number and ap- palling amounts of these bankrupteies have no present commercial significance, unless it be found in the reflection that ell men must henceforth do their business upon a respon- sible basis. Perhaps it would be too much of a contradiction to maintain that a flood of bankraptey is one of the signs of renewed business activity and promised prosperity ; but it certainly marks the end of that long era ‘of prostration which was the nat- ural and inevitable result of the pre- vious carnival of speculation. The re- peal of the Bankrupt law may be regard- The statements of correspondents of Tre | ed 88 8 new point of beginning. There Trisuse regarding the irregularities of the Crow Creek Agency on the part of the Gov- ernment employes are verified in an inter- view with a prominent Government official published this moming. During -the past month Chicago bas re- has now been a general settlement; it may be presumed that the men who were hopelessly involved have improved their last chance of paying their debts by schedule; it is fair to suppose that the great mass of men are either free from debt or have suffi- cient resources to carry them through; at ceived 37,453 car-loads of grain by rail and | all events, there is now general notice that 1,613,725 bushels by canal, being au aggre- all men must henceforth pay for the goods gate of about 16,600,000 bushels. This is | they buy and discharge the indebtedness about the largest record for a month ever | they contract. The sum of the bankrupt- President HAves reached Fremont, O., yesterday evening, and met with an enthu- sinstic reception from his fellow-townsmen. He will arrive in Chicago in time to partici- pate in the opening ceremonies of the tional Firemen’s Tournament Tuesday morping. Reports from the yellow-fever districts this morning show a more hopeful condition of affgirs, and there is reason to hope that the worst 18 now over. A Chinaman in St. Louis pretends to have discovered that the ive of the disease, end has started South as cies recorded since the failure of Jay Cooxs, which was only the breskifg of an over- strained chain at its weakest point, would make an appalling showing, and yet 1t would not represent anything like the aggregate of business and speculative losses. All during this term, while the Bankruptey Courts have thrown open their doors to all the unfortn- nate and all the dishonest men, there have been compromises and settlements ~that represent losses althost equal to those ad- justed by’ bankruptey proceedings. There were eleven or twelve years of wild and reck- less specalation; there have been five yoars of depression and liguidation ; now wa start oking of opium is an nfallible prevent- | upon a new era. ‘Whether the new era will be a gradual re- a kind of medical apastle in the interest of | cuperation of former business energy and that method of cure. Why he has not de- clared hLis new principle before is not ex- plained. New York and Brooklyn have con- tributed $60,000 to the yellow-fever fuad. Some interesting and important state- ments in regard to our foreign commerce have just been published It appeans that the exports since 1865 Lave increased by $411,293,898, while the imports have fallen off since 1873 by £201,792,893, The ex- cess of exports of domestic merchandise <dver met imports in the last three years has been $485,552,520. Thus the country has sold to foreign countries some $300,000,000 more than it has bought. The exports of iron and steel and their manufactures has increased £6,000,000; cotton manufactures, 6,500,000 ; and brass, over £2,000,000. Foreign dispatelies indicate a great uncer- prosperity, or a repetition of the commercinl debauch from the effects of which we are now convalescent, is a matter that will be determined largely by legislation. Tbe good effects expected from shutting off ihe chenp and easy relief of a Bankrupt Conrt may be niaterinlly impnired by State laws which shall encourage reckless ventnre in offering ready escape from the responsibility there- for. National legislation of the kind so largely demanded by the Fiatists and Com- munists may renew the debauch for a time, for the American people are easily encour- aged to speculate; the cheapening of money by artificial nlfiation aud a geueral system of Government gratuities would start the Lall in motion sgain; but the duration of the revel will be shorter and the reaction more overwhelming than before. These last long lists of bankrupts should tainty regarding tho success of the Bosaan | Tecall the errors that led up to them only occupation on the part of the Austrian troops. Gen. Szarany’s division, which that they may be avoided. The mania of speculation grew out of the War. It was started out with the expectation of an ensy promoted and developed by means of cheap campaign, has been reported surrounded by ibe insurrectionists, and it is now a matter money and delusive gains. Everybody, from the Government down, did business on bor- of doubt if the troops sre simply in | TOWed money. The General Government 8 position of great daoger, or are completely surrounded and cut off from sup- borrowed thousands of millions; State, County, City, and Town Governments bor- plies. The resalt of the Berlin' Congress | Towed thousands of millions more; railroads, does not seem to be s favorable to Austria | MiRing companies, and all sorts of specula- s was at first supposed. ‘In fact, the devel- tive combinations borrowed other thousands opments dsy. afior day go to show the | Of Millions. Individusls, like corporations, sagacity and far-sightedness of the English | did. their business on margins, and fig- diplomat who 5o cleverly captured the | Wéd Congress and farthered his own ambitious schemes. Yesterdsy was the lnst dhy der_ the old. law, petitions in Dankruptoy could,bé Sled, 'nod advantoge’ wiis teken of Man; District Court of this city. up their profits on paper. Ey- erybody bought for a rise, poying o lit- tle, borrowing some more, and owing the most, on the original investment. -The 2 which, un- | purchaser of renl estate; unimproved and in- cumbered, is a type of an enthiusiastic specu- lative nation. * Iniférest Was too Ligh,” petitioners were rasidents of outsidg towns, | says -ona; it could mot be otherwise whyh although. the grekter part were'smyll trades- | the speculators were bidding agaisst-dach men in Chioago. - Thero is nasbing alarm,.f othor-for the use of money, qud when every jog in this unusual rugr of vietiins. | man who had accum "8 swplus found It ks slfcady been ported out. by-Tax | others eager to psy him a larger interest on TorooxE thot the work df purification was a | his mony necessity o "the. sercantile commanity. ‘than he conld eern in s legitimate buginds€] with his own time andlabor thrown Hénceforth businessmon will know where | in.” "*Taxes wero too high," says another; they stand, and there ill be fewer fictitions | of conrse they were, but the tax-esters only conld_ve & : The rise in value wastheoret:’ it by abot 300 pefsons in the United Statéa’| ieals: the!interest and tases-wers practical of "the’| and udavoidable. s ; imitated the extravagance of tho taxpayers. They went on with their uunproductive im- provements, aud renssurod their vietims by fignring up the fictitious values which they added to property in their asscssments- lists. The exactious of {he money-lendet and tax-eater were only natural incidents of the general debauch. Wien menrush head- long into debt, and are utterly reckless of expenses, thero will never fail to be others fo take advantago of the unrensoning mania of speculation; it is folly to blame npoa the accessorics the fault of the general system. The speculative lunaties are still ubroad. One set wants the Government to enter upon agiganticsystem of public improvements, and give avother false impetus to speculation by means of Credit-Mobilier companies. An- other wants an uulimited issue of fiut money, which shall remew the fictitious values by cheapening the medium of ex- clhange. Both classes are pulling together 10 thé common end of reviviug the ern of speculation, unmindful of tho lesson we have liad, avd recklessof the disaster th:tissure to follow. 'The fate of the country wisl depend upon the measura of their success or feilure. 1t may be ndmitted that a temporary renew- al of fictitious prosperity can be achieved by the means which the Commuuists and Fiat- ists recommend, but it con only be done at the cost of another universal bankrptey. which will come more quickly, snd will prove to be wore overwhelming, the next time. 'Phe gencral result will be determined by the wisdom or folly of our legislation within the nest year or two ; but every indi- vidoal can exert an importont influcnee by the conservation or recklessuess of his own course. ‘Ihe man who does business on Lis own capital and lives within his means will not merely be an agent in averting a repeii- tion of the pust five years’ history, but will be in @ better attitude for resisting the common misfortunes of auother era of baukruptey. Tho man who does business on 5 margin and lives beyond his menus is coustantly swelling the rauks of tkose who demund Government gratuities and cheap money, and ho will be among the first to go down when auother crash shall come. It may be uceepted as a fact thet money will never be cheap enough nor plenty enough— even though it be of the fiat kind and Tepre- sont only the cost of printing—to satisfy the American mania for speculation. The familiar capacity shown by Sast Wirxen, of Chicago, for borrowing and ** shinning ” is an Ameriean characterisiic, and o nation of such men could absorb and risk more cur- rency then all the paper-mills of the Continent could turn out. The supply would fail sooner or later, and the longer it lasted and the more there had been of it the worse would be the disaster when it should come at last, Individually, the sure way to avoid bankruptey is to avoid extrav- agance and speculation; so it is With a notion. The contrnsi between Francs and the United States, illustrated by the differ- ent habits of the two peoples, tells the whole story. AN IRISH SUNDAY LAW, As the Irish of Chicago made common cause (for the first and only time, we be- lieve,) with the Germans, when it was de- cided to resist the enforcement of the ordi- nance requiring the closing of the saloons on Sunday, the fact thal just sach anotler law has been passed by the British Parlia- ment to apply to the public-houses (saloons) in Ireland is a bit of foreign news that has a special interest here. This measure wes introduced some five years ago, but bas en- countered stubborn. opposition, and its pas- sage now is regarded with dismay by the politicians and with a good deal of distrast by the conservative classes, Ieretofore the law has required the closing of the driuking-places during certain hours on Sunday, corresponding generally with the hours of church-going. Such a law las Dbeen justiied purely as a police mensure, and as calculated to maintain public order during hours when ex- hibitions of drunkenness or rowdyism would be peculiorly offensive. The present law, however, requires that all drinking-places in TIreland be closed from Saturday evening till Monday morning, with the esception of those in tho five largest cities, including Cork, Dublin, and Limerick. The exception seems to make the measure elmost ludicrous. Probably the Irishmen in America would nop object to a Sunday Liquor law which should apply only to the rural districts, and leave the city saloons free to open on Sundsy as well as other days. The law itself was die- tated by the Church influence in Ireland, and, curiously enough, the Ullramontenes and the Oraugemen—the Catholic priesta and the Protestant ministers—joined hands in urging it ; but, while the Parliament finally yielded, the politicians have tried to save themselves from the wrath of the large con- stituencies in Ireland. The new law is very severely, and wo think very justly, eriticised on all sides, It is pointed ont, to begin with, that the practi- cnl effect will be bad. The favorite drink of Ireland is of akind that can be easily carried home in a Dbottle. If this practice sefs in, as o consequence of closing the saloons over Sunday, it may easily result in more whisky being cousumed betweon Saturdny night and Sunday morning than was consumed before. The man that former- Iy took one or two ordinary driuks of aSun- day may, under the new praciice, learn to copsmme an entire bottls; he may also get his wife @nd children into the habit of drnking, who had before been abstinent. The exemption of the large cities is also apt to have the effect of increasing drunkenness. Tho people of the rural districts who want to drink on Sun- days mny congregate in the cities, where they are more likely to indalge i n debanch than if they remnined at home. It is also remarked that the residents of large cities have of Iate years acquired the habit of mak- ing excursions into the coungry on Sundays. Now that they will be deprived of getting . their drinks in the snburbs they may remain at home, and thus increase Sunday drunken- ness in the cities. The law, in the shape it pessed, certainly seems to be 8 stupid one. Bat it meets with a general objection - on prinesple in many quarters, because it is- conceived o -be in - the direction of a Maine liguor law. . It has been remarked in England that any attempt in this country to cure the appetite for drink by legislation has been s dismal ' failure; and the conservative peopié of Great Britain have: no desire to gpeffe mistake repested.:there. It i8 grgggib that, if the saloons .are to ba cloted on Sunday in Ireland, the nest step #ill be to have them closed in England; the clergy and temperance people will undoubt- edly besiege the next Parlisment to this end. It is alsoargued that, if the saloons’ may be arbitrarily closed one entira -day, they -may: be closed altogether.. ““The one. standing argument against legislation of this kind.” says the Suturday Review, **is that it sacrit fices the sober man to the drundard; it leaves site slieep Luiraty in order thnbthe goats may not dink wors thuu is good for them.” Tt looks as thongh the Government party lhas conseated to s nwlward abd {roublesome law. et GLADSTONE ON ENGLAND AND AKMERICA, Mr. Grapsrove, the Baglish statesman, lias conributed n paper to the current nnm- ber of the Nyrth American Revietw, entitled “Kin B:yond S:a,"in which he makes o comparison between the English and Awmeri- can political systems. It is an article which will commend itself to American readers, not only because Mr. GLADSTONE has always been a stauch friend of this country, but also because he brings sueh keen observation aud profound analytical ability to the considera- tion of topics that the world has grown ac- customed fo listen to him as to a man who has something to say, and whose sentiments ave entitled to thoughtfal- atteution. As the article jn question is too long for insertion entire in Wae Trmuse, & statement of its more striking points will auswer tie purpose of bringiug it before the reador, and may serve as o prefacs to the perusal of the original article in the North American : Abont one-third of Mr. GrapsToNE's paper may bo callod introductory, and in this introduction he mnkes some genornl points, both as to the past and fatare, which aro very gracefnl tributes to this country, cowing from nn English sonrce. Ab the very outset he foreeasts the loss of commercinl supremacy which must happen to England in ihe future as the result of the development of our resources. M. GuspSTONE does not go 5o far ns Macavray, and piclure a roam- ing New Zealander on London Bridge, med- itating on the ruins about him, but e makes no doubt that America * will probably be- come what we are now,—the head servonut in the great houscholl of the world, the em- ployer of all employed, becauso her service will be the most and ablest. We have no more title agaiust her thau Venice, or Genon, or Holland has hed against us.” Passing from commereinl comparison into the region of political philosophy, he finds among the conditions of growth that Amer- ica hus the immonsa advantuge in the natural base for the development of “a continmous empire,” the distinction between n ‘“‘cuntinnous empire” and an empire “‘severed and dispersed over sea” being considered by Mr. GravsToxe 8 vital one. He considers that but a very few years will be necessary for America to distance England in population and wealth. While other nations have doubled or trebled their population in the last century, America during the same period has nsen from 2,000,~ 000 to 40,000,000, and, glthough the annual income of Great Brifain is £1,000,000,000, “ Ameriea is passiug by us asacanter,” andin 1850 will bo the wealthiest of all the nations, altnough the development of her resources and the opening up of her territory isas yet in its infancy. “7Phe Euglond aud the Americe of the present are probably the twostrongest nations of the world. But there can hardly be & doubt, as between the America and the Enagland of the future, that the daughter at sone no very distant time will, whether fairer or less fair, be muquestionably yet stronger thau the mother.” Considering the manner in which these great purposes sra to be worked out, and the methods by which these two nations are to contribute towards the well Leing and progress of the world, he finds that they have one fundamental condition in common, namely, tho attainment of sclf-government by the rational method of persnasion instead of the element of foréh, by the toleration of opivion, the fraedom of thought, the en- couragement of self-help, the cherishing of liberty, and the training of the independent spirit. From this com:non point, however, they diverge so far that America can never De * a reflection of Bagisnd.” While hered- ity is the very foundation-stona of English institutions, the Puritans, who supplied tho type of political manhood to America, com- pletely severed ‘themselves from tlus idea, and set up as their standard “ equality com- bined with liberty, and renewable at ench descent from one generation to another, like a lense with stipulated breaks.” ¢ They Dbrought with them,” siys Mr. GLADSTONT, gl that was demacratic in the policy of England, and all that was Protestant in her religion,” which is one of the most concise statements of the Puritan mission that has ever been mado. Before coming directly to a comparison of tho forms of government, Mr. GLADSTONE makes some very sharp contrasts in our favor. The first of these is, that we emauci- pated four millions of negrocs by a civil war, and preserved the industries and fran- chises of the South, while England emancr- pated one million by peaceful legislation in Jamaica, but ruined its trade and abolished its representative institutions. The second is, that this country could call a million and a holf of militia in the field and yet escepe the dangers of revolutionary operations aud military caste. The third is expressed in the following comparison of financial re- sults: More remarkable still was the financial scancl to “The internal & 0 a8 to exceed every A, of life ond death, It pursued and Dresent and every past examole. worried all the transactions of life. The interest of te American debt arew o be the highest in the world, and the canital touched 360,000,000, Mere waa provided for the faith and patience of the prople & touchstone of extreme severity. In En- #land, at the close of the great French war, the vropertied classes, who were supreme In Parlia- ment, at once rebelied agninst the ‘Tory Govern- meat, and refused 1o profons the incomie tax even furasingle year. We tiliged big. both then and 1 of our mitional dedt; liut Hix) apscd, all of them ex soars of peace, and we have re- ducea the huze total by about one-ninth; that is to eay. by little over £100,000,030, o scarcely more r.' "hisis the conduct of a sted into orders and d d forethouwht, and consoli- dated by 38 lonyg experience. Bul America coniin- ued louz to bear, on her unaccustomed and Still smurting «hould the burden of tne war taxa- In twelve years she has reduced bee debt by ,000,000, or ut the rave of £13,000,090 far eve:y year. In each twelve montlis she his coue what we did in eight years; her self-command, seif-denial, and wise forcthonzht for the future, have been,'to eay the Jeast, eiglitiold ours. 00, 000 1 ¥ tan £1, paper are devoted to aclose com- ison of our form of government with the English, in which he confines himself to a statement of facts without comment or criti- cism, except that ho is nof prepared to ex- change with us. We naed-not reproduce his | description of our own, as it is familiar to every American. It will be more interesting to glance at the British system. e names as the factors of English government the Sovereign, the Crown, the Ministry, aud the Commons ; ‘and perhaps we can convey to our readers the cledrest impression of his statement by giving some of his remarkable definitions. .Of tho Sovercign; he says: 3 The Sovercien in_England. s the symbol of the nation’s unity, and tie 4pex of the socal stracturé; the maker (¥ith adyice) of the laws: tig snpreme, ruof of the Church? the fountain?of justice: 2ue sule sourcs of noor: ‘the person’ to whom all itacy, all vaval, ull eivik service 18 rendered. ‘he Sovereimm owns vers lurge properties: receives and holds. 1 lay, theentire revenue of the Suite; anpoints.and & es Ministers: makes troaties; purdons crme, or ajates its punishment; wiges war, or cancludes peac Ives the Parllament; ezereisos fhe: 13 for the most part wiihoat ang soecifed restraimt of law: and yet enjoys, in resand to these and every her function, an abioluie fmmuzily (rom conse- quences, 'There is no provision in the law of the United Empire, or in the machinery of tie Const™ tution, for calling the Sove: counts and only in one solitary und imarobble, but verfectly c—taat of his suomitia? to thu juris af the Pope—is be deprived by statute of s throne. 3 As to the House of Commons, Mr. Grap- STONE shys ¢ The House of Commons is euperior, and by far superior, in the force of 1ts pahtical attributes, to any other single,power in the State. But it is watched: ML is criticiseds oy hemned in and about by n mulfitade of Gtner forces: the force. fiestof all, of the fouse of Lorus, the force of opnion from duy to day, particaiacly of the highly anti-puvuiar opinfon of the ler<ured mea of the wetropoli. who. srated close 10 tic sceneof 3ction, wield au fntluence zreatly in excess of their just claims; the force of the classes and profession<; tho just and useful force of the lucal 2uthioritles in their varions orders and piaces, Never was the t problem more securcly salved which rec- Guizes the e of o paramount power in the hody politic 1o enadle {t to move. out requires for it & depositary such that it shall be safe against invaeion, and yet inhibited from uggression. In drewing the distinction between the Sovereign aud the Crown, the preragatives and resources of the latter being placed in the Dands of a responsible ministerial agency which proteets the former from all assault, Mr. GrapstoxE devotes considerable space Lo the Cabinet, and draws the follow- ing curious picture of the Premier and his as3ocintes: Departmentally, he s no more than the first- licentions East.” Both were remarkable also for the absence of auy palpable trace of “the appetitiva part” of Lumanity, which disfignves nearly every otber character of ¢ Grecian pantheon. The main differences between the two ore, that Arorro is.less trasscendent in intellact and less active as a Providence. “*In Xer thers is a marked re- semblance to the Hebrew tradition of Logos; he rather corresponds with the Seed of the wonian which was to bruise the ser- peat’s head, while the serpent bruised the womaw’s heel.” % Every one argues, says Tooxe, not regarding the theory of Mr. GLADSTONE, ** thet by AporLro the sun is to be understood ; for the four chief properties ascribed to AroLro were the arts of prophe- sying, of healing, of darting, and of music; of gll which we may find in the sun = lively representation and origin.” Mr. GLADSTONE, however, meets and answers this objection, perhnps foreseoing that it would be raised, Dy saying: Tt is not unlikely that the Arorro of Hoxer’s timo was nssociated in the roligion of Troas with the sun; butin the Olympinu system the connection is care- fully shut out by giving to the sun a well~ marked, separateindividuality. Elsewhere we are told that Mrrcuny and MrvERva, instead of Arorro and MiNerva, were associated to- named of five perions. by whowm joimly the powera of the Lord Treasurership are taken to be exercised ; hie 15 nottheir master, or. otherwise thun by mere priority, taeir head; and lie has o speclal function or preroative wmber the formal constitution of Jhe ofice. He hay no oflicial rank. escept that of o Privy Councillor. - Bizht memb>rs of the Cabinet, wcluding five Secretarics of State, and several other members of the Government, taise oflicial precedunce of bim. Mia rigats and duties as the head of the Admiistration are nowhere recorded. He i3 almost, §f not aitogether. snknown to the statute law. Nor fs the position of the hody over which he presides less wngular han ii8 own. “The Cavinet lives and acts simply by understand- Ing, without & sngle line of written law_ or Con- stiturion to determine its relations to the nonarch, or fo the Parliament, or o the nauion; or the refa* tions of its mewbers to one unollier, or to their head. Tusits fn the closest sccrexy. 'There id no record of its procecdinzs, nor is there uny one 1o hear them, except upon the very rare oceasions when some imgurtaut functionary 1s introduced for the purpose of giving to it necessary informa- tion. In defining the prerogatives of the Pre- mier, it would almost seem as if Mr. GLap- STONE were improving aun opportunity to pluck off as many of Lord BEACONSFIELD'S ‘plumes as he can reach, for toward the close of his paper he returns anew to that official, aud says: He report3 to th ‘overcign its proceedings, and T 80 h.ts nan; diences of to¢ august occu- i of the throne, Il is bouud, fn these reports and audiences, not to couuteract tie Cabinet: not 10 divide it; not to undermune the position af any of Lis colleazucs n the Koyal favor, 1C he departs in xny degree from steict adherence to these rules, and uses bis great opportunities fo increnes hi3 own inilucuce, or parsue aims not shared by bis colleagues, theu, uniess heis prepared (o udvise theiz dismigsal, he not oniy depurts from rale, dut cominits an act of treachery and baseness. As the Caviner étands hetween tho Sovereizn any Parlia- meat, and 18 bound to be loyal 10 both. xo he stand$ between ais colleagues and the Sovereign, and is oound 10 ba loyal tv both. The Pru ister hias no Utie to_overnde any one of his lewgrues in any one of the departments. So far a3 he soverns them, unless it 8 done by trick. which is not o e supposed, e governs them by wnflu- ence only. Uuon the whole, nowhere in the wiae world does 0 great a suostance cist 3o small shudow; nowhere is there u man who has so much power, ind 8o little to_ show for it in the way of Lormai title or prerogative. In view of the recent jangles between Lord Beacossrielp and Mr. GLADSTONE, and the copious uso of epithets in which they indulged, it almost seems as if the Int- ter bad taken another chancs to get at his opponent, now basking in the Royal sun- shine, by calling his sttention to the very smuil shadow such a great substance casts. Throughout his entire paper Mr. Grap- sToNE loses no opportunity to display his lovalty; and to express his preference for his wn form of government over ours, and avow his preferences for inequalities; but this does not debar him from peying n can- did even enthusiastic tribute to the genins of onr institutions, to what wa have accomplished in the pst, and to tho superior position we are destined to lhold in the future, even at the risk of provoking hostile criticism from Eoglish writers and poli- ticians of the Tory side. He close his paper with the expression of the following con- viction : The great acts and the great forhearances which immediately followed the ciose of tae Civil War form 1 eruup which will ever be a noole coject, in his nolitical retrospecs, to the impartinl Wetoriin and that, proceeding as tiey did from the fre cholce aud cunviction of the peovie, and founded tiey were on the very princivles of which the multitnde is supposed to be least tolerant, they bave, in doing houor to tie Cmted es, ulso rendered a splendid sorvice 1o the seneral cause: of popular government throurhout thé world. HOMER'S GODS AKD GODDESSES. The most suggestive chapter in Mr. Grao- sTONE'S recently-published Primer of Hoxza is that which treats of the Homeric mythol- ogy. The suthor, in his persuasive way, describes seven causes which invest it with extreordinary interest. One of theso alone is sufficient to justify a coreful study of the subject. This is the one whieh Mr, GrLan- sTosE speaks of thus : While some portions of the scheme fthe Olymolan system| point us towards ag earlier and also o ruder state, and others in the direction of a luter and coreupt civilization, a third portion revesls a primitive basis of monotheism. ani fdeas in’ con- nection with it, which seem to defy explanation, except When we compars them with the most ancient of the heathen traditions. The suggestion of a basis of monotheism in the Homeric system is, it will be observed, very famtly urged; and it may well be that Mr. Guapstosk, who is something of an optinnst in bis way, bas in this case pernut- ted hiis hopes to interpret for him. However this may be, the opinions of such o man oh such a question ars interesting and valuable ; and it behooves us to inquire into the grounds of them. One character stands out boldly in the Olympian system as the representative of supersensual ideas. This is the character of Argexg. Mr. GLapsToNE estcems her im- portance in Homeric wmythology to be next to that of Zeus himself, and in purity of conception, mission, and imagination she is even superior to him. Tier power Is conceived of 8o hizhly that it seems scarcely 10 oear o superior. Down fo the_time of HoracE she etood as really the second deity in es- timation: and In mere precedence she sat by Jove at the Olvmplan banauet. but probably on the left Dand. with HEEA at the Tz, 1o the late ages we hevethe fully-developed legend that Mhe sprang adalt and full-armed from the head of ZErs. . .. From whence has a conception so power- fnl'ant lofty us that of the flomeric ATHENE he obtatned? Most of the Olvmpisn gods, thou they are ull more or less costumed, £ to #Deuk, in divine atributes, yet seem 1o edrrs them as tached from witnout, and to want the hizhest basis for their cnarscter. In this suotime ge wo besin to Snspect taatwe are dealing with sowething profoundly decine In zeneral teems, hier traite ure an intellectual supremacy, a perfeet exemotion from lairinity, a complete detachment from the materfal world and the fimitations nf time and space, wor<hin aparently umversal, the posscssion of the largest theistic attributes, w wearied activily in tac work of @ livinz Provi- dence, ancontrolled dominion over Nature and the Mind. . . . She isa goddess, nota voa; but she hia nothine of sex except tucrender, Tothing ol the woman except the form. . . . Sho i3 searcely ever descrived by epithets of personal ltowEr . bus kept clrefully In the tbe lezeni of the original wiicn was fiven by Pamts to Araese and to .Mena in awarding the prizo of oenatyto ArHEoMITE. {twas u Proic legend ‘and did ot weii agsort withthe noblencss of t idture by which he meant to present ATUENE to his countrymen. s . Sheand rhe alooe of the whole Oijmpian Court ftands in such close, inward, per-unal relations o tae sonl and rpirit ot tae inatvidual man, 4s even to_ recail the ideas awhich form the main basis of - the Hebrew Pealter. ‘Chough Mr. GLiDSTONE thus piaces ATHESE on a pedesta: by hersclf, he admits a kinship between her und Aporro. In both these characters, he says, we have *!clear indics- tious of an arder of traditions which, like the monotheistic elementin the Zzus of the Helloi, bad run through clearsr chaun2is than those gether by the Romans; so that if the two latter had a c>mmon origin and mission they had been lost sight of by the less imagina- tive people who ndopted them as divinities. The Homeric Zkus is probably & com- pouud of many derties “reprosenting the supreme theistie element of all the religions which contributed to make uy the system.” As the Zeus of the Helloi © lie appears to by in o particular degree a representative of an old monotheism which merges into su- premacy i a polytheistc system.” Tlo possesses even to redundance those ap- petites and passions which are conspicuous for their absence in Mixezva and AroLro. Side by side with them ke has genuine af- fections, snch as those which make him weep for Sinprpoy, and that sbstract ca- pacity in which he represents the higher motive power of theism. The very com- plexity of the character makes it profound, puzzling, and bewildering. It has awful msjesty, grandeur, and overwhelming power, mingled- with gross sensual desires, lust, selfishness, and triviality. Mr. GLADSTONE has well said, in one of the best bits of crit- icism in the book: Te often clorely resembles AGAXEXNOY, bat he also toucies uoon FALSTAFF, Weowe o him by etymalozy the word **jovial," and it 18 truly descriptive of his cnaracter on the naman side. A3 the very size and immeasurable waist of FAL-TATP lave to do with the charucter of s mind, so lurgencss in all things i an enfailing character- istic of Zzua. s intrigues are unboanded. His roguish joy in witnessing from (da the sirugeles of an Achaian wirh a Trojan soldiery may cal) up the recollection of the richi humor 0f SIARSPEAES'S ton the pepoering of his recruiis. But toe sume sentiment rises out of this miniatare o a higker seale and level when he cames to revol in that lerce encointer of the gode, which makes ArpoxEus, King below, shudder and bound from off nis throne. Contrast with the spiritusl element in Zrus and tho natures of Mixerva and Arorro the character of Hema, the Latin Joxo. Ske is of the earth earthy. ¢ Her pame suggests a substantial identity with Era as the earth-goddess.” Except when we regard her asa kind of moon to Zeus, shining by a portion of his light, her mythological attributes are not sharply marked. In the Tliad, the circumstances give her a place on the side of Troy; but she is made odious and contemptible by her weakness and cow- ardice, as well as by her merely sensual character. She is a member of the Olym- pian Court, bat one of the last in rank and eflicacy. She has great power over the forces of Nature, and she is puraly national. No descent from a monotheistic source can be traced by her. ‘Whoever shall resd Mr. GrapsToNE'S fruit- ful essay may not carry awayfuil fith in the monotheism of any of the Homeric mythol- ogy: but he will at least derive from them an ides of the manmer in which the Grecian. pantheon was representative of Grecian character. Here, indeed, is a theme requir- ing treatment even wider and more bold than the other; for when once it is esteb- Yished that the Grecian gods were the prod- uct in great part of Grecian thought and as- pirations, who shall say in what degree othar religions have been modified by similar in- OLIvER has sent to the New une 2 loug document purborting to give an account of her allezed relatious with ex-Senator S1MON CAMERON, wiom she has sued fora breach of promise, and gives the editor the dreadful notice that this is only the introductiou to a seties of letters whichshe pro- poses to furnish upun the same subject. The editor tells Mrs. OLiveR that he kuows nothing of her relations with Mr. CaMeroxN, and cares nothing, but, from the charaster of ber epistle, he is of the opinion - that she is an adventuress, and that her “purpose is to induce whoever ¢hoos to purchase the dirt she has to sell to become a sort of stlent partner with lierin the business of blackmailing Mr. Canerox,—the newspaper to do the work aud she to take the mones.” The Tribuné thea goes on to read some of the sensatfonal newspapers a lesson, and to administer a rebuke to them that they have long richly deserved. * When- ever any disreputable woman,” the Trivune con- tinues, * chooses to start a dirty storv about hersell and some conspicuons public man, she at once counts that practically one-hulf tie pressof the country will act as her allies and eflicient agents in promoting her blackmailing scheme.? This mption bemy correct, she goes to her victim and threat- ens puablicity untess she s paid to keep still, and ten to one the victim will *come down,” whether innocent or guilty, 50 that the threat of exposure is cqually potent for her nefarious purnose. And shame to say it, but it s true. nevertheless, that there is a large element mnong the respectable portion of the community that innocently aids and abets this cluss of blackmailers, to-wit, those people who jump at the conclusion that any charge against & man’s virtue is true, or that “There must e something in it,” witbout wait- ing for the evidence in the case. fs it because mankind and womankind are so baa themselves that they always think ft safe to Uelieve the worst rather than the best? We hope not. e ea— The Mexican Consul. at San Antonio, Tex., savs that the people of that State are auxious for a figitt because— ticiana are for war because It Is their the contractors, in order to maxe the stock-breeder knows that Northern Sull of the most Feriile flelds forbreeding cattic, aud he is Tnterested in a war, hopins there- by to secure aancsation; the eoldier delizhits in war because it furnisnes a ce for prowmotion and plunder, und the smuzler can folluw his calling vatier in o state of prevall. : And the New York Sun declares that Mr. Havesis doing all hie can to embroil the two couatries in a war in order to divert the atten- tion of the peoole from the cat Crime by which he attaine:d the Presidential chair. —e— Jtisalirtle tougzh on as good a man as Jot WiLs0N, of Iowa, to hase the Chicago ZTimes praise him; but so it Is. - 1t declares that there was “some oo sense 1 in a speech with which ‘WiLs0N opeued the campaizn the other day at Bioomfield. Outzide of its own chaste columns. e Times haso's found any good sense before | for a year. s e —— A drunken womaa rather turned the tadles onaJudgcof the Police Conre in New Yok theotber day. She was srraizned before him either of the Pelaszion Nuturecult, or of the on the etiasire of drunkenness, and, when asked whether she was guilty or not, unswered: 4 was drunk, Judge, aw always drunk, and meay to he always drunk.” ¢ That 13 bad,"” saiq e Judge. *Yes,” answered the reprobate, * tt i bad, but you biave 0o reason to complain. was not for me and others like me you conk} not et a living in the way Sou do now.” The Judse merely said **Six months,” and did ney stop to argue the case with by e A wild 253 lcolt by the name of Vest hyy broken loose in one of the baci districts of Wiz, sourl, and is running for Congress. One of hiz oppoucats is a tfa:-money fellow,and Vst toos Lis scalp in one of his speeches m this way: They propose to issuo S12.000.000,000 of abso. Inte_money, and everybody will be ' rich v work, and have all the money he wants for per cent faterest, with no_secucity to the Liovornmess which loans it 3r. Brevrox A. it 13 to e tug Santa Claus, financially, of the countrs. Every child is 1o wake up wits_its stocking rall of 2330, lute money. The old lady takes down her suge honnet Lo xo to the sorinz, and finds it fallof 1bie: lute moneys und. when the old man pulls on hiy boots, e tinds in_each Gf them n Dundic of absor ln’zu mfimeyfwAn eiyslum in %ull ic9 Wii) be reaclie when Bix BorEi becomes President. A e Vice-Presigent, MERADY b0y ——————— - Speaking of the removal of Taeobory Tnomss to Cincionati, the St. Lonis ¢.-5 pricks up its cars and remarks: _ But few years mav pass away befare St. Louis, Tike Cincinnati, will bave a music hall that wil} tempt even westward of the Obio the greatest ma. sicians of the coantry. Well, ves, probaoly,—anless «Happy ” Cay, WAGNER and other great musieians of burnt. cork variety. that are so higbly appreciated iy St. Louis, puss out of date; in which case the city at the end of the big bridge would be lefy destitute. —_——— ‘The Boston Advertiser priats liberal extracts from the sermon which Prol. SWING preached last Sunday morning, that was printed in Tay Tiisose of Monday, and warmly commends its wholesome lessons to its readers. - ———— ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS has now worked himself down to his fizhting welzht—eighty. four pounds. Of this amount fifty poundsis head. p et—— PERSONALS. Stanley and Mark Twain are in Switzer. land. The blonted bondholder might try the Banting process. Bismarck's dog is exceedingly ferocious, Like master lixe doz. . ‘Fhe war being over, the Russians are fights ing in downright carne: Kenrney doesn'tadvise strikes. Hewouldn’s even advise a man to strike a job. If they will release Jasso Pomeroy ha promises to stamp the State for Ben Butler. + The Oaeida Commuaity is happily at paxca again, aud witl pool ita issaes, or rather its wies, Kearney’s wrathy speachos ars mada per. haps on the principle that the laborer i3 worthy of his ire, You shall not have ome hour of Grant; you shail bave four years of me,—Sumuel J, T dea. v 2 Hop-picking Lins begau, and to the boys and girls these are the hoppiest days of the whole year. Peter Cooper is out with a new piatform. We had supposed that his only platform was an ale cashion. : Gov. MecClellan obsérves with pain that he i3 less frequently mentioned than the New Jersey mosquito. The man on horsebnek must look out Mr. Charles A. Dana threatens to stick a barr un- der bis saodle. 5 Mr, Beecher was beaten at croquet up in Minnesota. We are afraid they didn’t give the old man a chance. Before we saw her picture ia the Graphi, we had beliered 3lrs. Lanztry so be the reigulng Beauty of London. ‘The beaaty of & man’s parting bis bair in the middle appears to be that it gives both ears 33 equal chunce to flap. Naw York has lost Theodoro Thomss, , who goes to Cincinnati, but she still has Sam Tilden and Barry Hll. Jir. Thurman declares that he hrs ex- perienced a chanze of heart, and alast we fosrbe hasexperienced a change of brain. : Speaking of the Paris man-mlliner, wo may peciaps be allowed to say that Worth bresks the mun, the want of him the woman. Judging from some of the abuse be re- ceives,” we should almost think Ben Batler the squint-cye-sence of political meanness. The Buffalo Lzpress assures Mr. Dons that unless hie says something azatnst Grant and athirl term the country i3 in imminent danger. Judge William Thomas, of Jncksonville, 11L., was married the other duy at the youthfal age of 93. There’s an old son-in-law for you. There can now be no doubt of the anfriend- Jiness of Kearncyand Dutler. Kearney is going- to stump the State of Massachusetts for Batler. Mr. Conkling, it is smd, still regards him- self asa dark horee: but we fear his eats are too long to vermit him to pass for any such animal. Robert Toombs evidently wishes to be- come the last restjug-place of Alexander H..Ste- plens. He ts stumping the State of Georgia for . A rumor, probably false, however, hes heen started to the effect that Gail Hamiiton I8 200y to be married. The name of the lady le 208 mentioned. [] Julin A. Moore may ‘“toe in”; but she can. point with oride to the fact that the poet Brroz K had a ciud-foot, and find a sweet vindication for her own deformity. ) A Tonawnada (N. T.) peper spesks with- eringiy of **an obscure journal called the Loodon Times.” ‘The Thunderer's tannder has esidently not been heara at Tonawanda. Tae Now York Workd snys tht Edisco. B3 has retarned to Menlo Park **full of praitis breezes.” But will they furnish wind tor Freoeh bornst This is the really grest quedtion. The Buarlin; him as the Rev. Mr. Sitting Bull; and we must fay. that tnis xavage has condncted himself all alond like the graduate of a theological seminary. A **5chool of beauty ™ has bean formed iz London. Sqnint-cyed and warts-nosed womem should be ndmitted for the sake of whowing wazt styles of benuty are undesirable and to be avoids The brave man of ill-fated Grennds if Till Redding. the teloaraph operator, e laathu post almost night and day, working like a hero, with a rag illed with carbolic acid tied around it neck. : A New York man bas gone insana from the excessive use of tobacco. and Mr. Clarkson N.. Potter declares with cnthusiasm that he aball hereafter recommend excesive tapacco for b witnesses, : PR —— ' SO0T AND SMOKE To the Editor of The Tridun Ciicaco, Auz. 30.—In this moruinz's TRELNE ++01d Settler ¥ gives some very sound snzzeations under the above heading. In a manufsctansd city like this the smoke nuisance {4 in maay locall- ties & very scrions matter. Tho valae of proeriy 13 deprectated, and many a fine building s #0_co cred with soot and smoke a4 to give it the SPpEAss anco of a blacksmith shop. Tae waste of fa: under the - present system of building farnaces xould of Itself be a sulficient reason for &doptin some otber plan, and thereby secure s perfed, combustion of coal. without any smoke ur #00% B disdzare the city, or make it unpleasantas & e, dence. ‘The loes of fuel by the presetl, system of building furnaces 1s from 13 B 25 per cent, owing fo the very lmper Tect combustion. As a matter of economy, " €¥éd S one msinz steam should have a furnace built in 263 cordance with well-audersiood and scientifo pria* ciules. Thia would be a great cconomy, 30d e8%:% lirel: do away with thy +* emoke visance, ” 89034 & which a0 wany people jusy cqinpisn. 1f thec r 1 rover suthonties woald pay some atwension Hg Tiis matter, the reenlts would be ett r-wmlyl.;g everybosy. The people who barn coat worl savinz money by the expendicare of a few (050 s now constructed. and SO 2gor ani suot tiuat noi roil ILT the chimneys of our manaiuctories and ascent “* the smoke of the torment, forever aud €Wy wonld ceaxe, and this zreat eity waald no long ‘. a bluck g0 on tae raieie. e nus3nes s w ¢ rawaedy fs eazy uad inespen-ve. nile e rasedy 4 eaey dad incsoen e, it n Hurkwye man speaks of P TN A B RO R T MAR A BB A A ® ABe S O NG 2P O, A AN e R . e o