Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 6, 1878, Page 4

Y THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: TUESDAY. AUGUST €, 1875. ' Thye Tribune, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. DY MATL—IN ADVANCE=TOSTAGN FREPAID. o Faues, csort 188 ¥ Funda, Ehiee Eaturday Faiiion, twel erars i-Wrekly, one year. & Tartsof a yéar, per m WEERLT EDITION, POSTPAID. 8 .80 00 Ulre Post-Uttice sddress In full, Including State and County, Ttemitiances may be maie elther Ly draft, express, Tost-Office order, or In reiatered letter, at our k. TERMA TO CITY SUDSCRIBERS, Dahy, delivered. Runday excepted, 23 centa per weck. Daily, dlivered, Sunday included, 30 centa per woek. Addresy THE TIIBUNE COMPANTY, Corner Madison and Dearborn-ats., Chicago, Tl Orders tor the dellvery of Tnx Tainvxz at Evanston, Englewood, and llyde 'ar tefs In the counting-room will recelve prompt attention. ——— \ IRIBUNE BRANCIT OFFICES, Tnz Cricaca TRIRTNR has estabilahed branch offices 4or the receipt of subscriptions and advertisoments as follaws: NEW TORK—Room 20 Tritune Duflding. F.T.Mo- Favoxs, Manager. PARIE, France—Xo. 10 Rue dols Graoge-Datellere. . ManLer, Agent. LONDON, Eng.—American Exchsage, 419 Strand. Hrxny ¥. Giuute, Agent. BAN FRANCISCO, ey TAMUSEMENTS, iace Hotel Tloolny’s Theatva, Pendoloh #treet, between Clark ssd Lafalle £agagement of the Majeronts, **The Uld Corporal,” Mnverly’s Theatre. Dearhorn strect, cormer of Monroe, Eopagement of the Calvlils Folly Compsny. ' Diabes tn the Wood.” TUESDAY., AUGUST 6, 1878, Greenbacks st the New York Stock Ex. change yestorday closed at 99). In the division of tha vast ecstate of Micrasn REgsE, the Jewish many.millionaire who has receptly died in Ban Francisco, char. “table and educational institutions receive $440,000, whilo tho great bulk of the enor. mous property will be divided among per- -wons residing in Chicsgo. The will bas not ‘been flled for probate, but it is stated that, ‘with tho exception of about half a million dollars devised for publio purposes, the eight millions will be distributed among the five surviving sisters and their children in this city and the heirs of decensed sisters. Draxis Keanser barangued a groat audi- enco in Boston last evening, Fanouil Iall being too small to hold one-fourth of the people who were willing to ba packed aud sweltcrod for two houra to listen to n wretched imitation of onoof Grorax Francis Trarn's most flighty tirades, Krarnxy's spoech had more than the coarsencsas of G. F.T., aud nono of his originality and in. cisiveness, Inoxhaustible cheek and on enormous fund of vile language in which to clothe a plentiful lack of intelligent idoas @eems to be about Kzannkr's correct measure. Late news received from Montana indicate that the Nez Perces Indians, who escaped «and joined Birring BoLL after their defeat at Hear-Paw Mouutain Inst fall by tho troops under (len, Muwzs, are returning to their former home in Idaho in small bands Ly wany of Cadotte Pass in Montann. Their sojourn in the country of the ‘ Good Dlother” has not bad a very civilizing effect upon them, as on thoir route through Mon- tann they have been commiiting all the atracities that tho ““noble red man" is usually noted for—killing tho settlors and stealing their cattle, Itis hoped that when these murdercra return to their Agency they will be promptly arrested nnd such punish. miont inflicted ns will forever check them from committing like ofenses. — Yesterday's discnssion in tho County Board on the subject of ** extras” indicates a grow- ing sensitivencss iu this rogard among the ancmbers of that interosting body. It isnnde. niably true, as stated Ly one of the Commis- sloners, that tho wholesale plunder of tho people’s money under the thin guise of ““cxtras " voted to favorite contractors Lins done more than any otherone thing to bring -the Board into disrepute. Where a fear of public sentiment hau compelled the award of contracts at low figures, it has grown to be the practice with the Ring wajority to meke up the diffcronce in the form of ‘extras,” which bLave been voted under circumstances and conditions snch av to compol the inforence . that o regular rystem of **addition, division, and silence" wasin forca botween the Ring majority and the Ring contractors, It re- maina for the antl-Ring minority in the Honrd to do what they can toward making “extrns” odious by coustantly directing . public attention to the barefaced expediont which the ringsters have adopted in liou of a more diroct method of robbing the taxpayers, Keep it beforo tho people, It would appear that the provisions of the Berlin treaty and those of the Anglo-Turkish agrecment are not being carried out with that case and precision which was predicted and expected at the time the Covgress ad- Jjourned. ‘Tha Austrian nrmies of occnpation have entored Dosnia and MHerzegovina, but their movements are nocessarily cautious, they baving ulready met with armed resiat- ance, cipecially in the former province, whero n body of Austrian horss were subjected to o murderous cross fire by in. surgents, who had posted themselves in a ss Lo intercept the march of (he fuvaders, who lost scventy-sight of thelr nuiaber be. foro they could escape from the trap sel for them. It is roported that the Bos- nisus and Herzegovinians, Christians and Moelems, arv organizig to repel the invaders, aud with the kuowledgo the civil- ized world hns of the valueof Turkishpromm. ises, it would not surprise the parties to the treaty much to discover that these same in. surgents ure receiving aid and encouragoe- ancut from the spology for a Governens at Coustautinople. The forcos of her Majesty Queon Victorta have taken formal posses- sion of the Iuland of Oyprus, but they dis- cover that an inferior ofticer of the Turkish srwy holds an important fort on that island, aud cither has aot been oficially ordered to surrender it, or, baving been so ordercd, bas decided to take the rewponsibility and bid defiance to tLe English troops, campaign for tho Presidential nowiuation in 1880 was opencd Last night at Indianapolis in a peech which s giveu in full inour columns to-day. Al ready Dax Voornres has put io kis bid for the Bevatorship in the form of an open declaration of houtility to xpecie resumption, and of uudyivg devolion to su jrredemable paper curveney, und bo bas now seceived the aflictionats Leaediction of the grest man Wwho would be 4 davgerous rival iu the Senn- torial lists Lut for tho bigger prize beyond, Mr. Hesvwicss io Lis specch dwylls briedy npon the subject of Legislative and Con- gressional apportionmont, but saya enongh to fnrnish a text for the Rcpublicans suffering the infliction by a Demoeratio Legislature of the 1dontical evils which tho neigbboring statesman se vigoronsly de- notnces, ‘The speech is mainly taken nup with three lesding topics—the payment of Bouthern claims, which the ** only greatest” of Ohio, under who ara now straddler gats on both sides of with a facility that is slightly confnsing but eminently charaoteristio of a Presidential aspirant who would lika {o bave the Bonth beliave that the claims will be paid and the North that they will not be paid; the extensiva rednctions in national expenditures bronght abont by the Democratic Ilonse by the ald of enormons defitlonces which have had to be provided for by special appropriations; and the never- failing stock in trade of the Democratie atump-orator, the Great Frand through which the shot-gun plan was cirenmvented in Louisiann and Florida, aud the Croniy plan falod to usufrnct in Oregon. The now Baperintendont of Polics bégan Inst woek the raidingof the gambling-houscs. This 18 a good work, if well done: but to be well donoe it must be done thoroughly, persistently, and withont any discrimination, Any partial raiding of the gambling-dous is simply a vehicle for blackmail, and generally 1t resnlts in the protection of one or more of the worst dous in the city where men aro absolutely robbed. Gambling is not upon tho same plane with prostitution in city lifa; it is donbtfal whothor the louses of prosti- tution can be more than * regulated,”—thnt is, confined and kept orderly, but there fa no donbt that public gambling-houses can be exterminated by vigilant and persistent raiding, Emxer Wasaouay denionstrated this while ke was Chief of Police, but ho did it by refasing to listen to auy pressure or in- fluence, and by making war onall alike. We assume that Bupt. Seaver honestly de- sirea to do as much for the city in this re. spect a8 Wasnaurx did, but he must adopt the same methods. In his firat rnids the police found the notorions Mixx McDoxrarp's den clenred of all implemonta of gambling, while others wers open ns nsual, Thero is not a pacticle of doubt that Mixx McDoxarp Liad been notified of the intended raid, and it is certain that his house is one of the first that onght to be broken up. We have not the sliglitest suspicion that Supt. SBeavey had any knowledge that information had been conveyed to McDoxarp, but as Wasinuan was forced to use tho utmost secrecy in theso aids, Supt. Bzaver will havedo pursue the same policy, Thera are two men employed on the police force, one very recently np- pointed and one vory near to the person of the Saperintendent himaolf, who have boih been suspected in times past of virtuolly pro- teeting certaln gamblers by notifying them of contemplated ralds, If Bupt. Seaver honestly intends to exterminate the gam. bling-houses of Chicago (which he cnn do with proper metbods), he will either remove these persons or conduct his gambling ralds ontirely outside their personnl knowledge ; aud, unless ho intends to shnt up all the gambling-houses, the raiding policy ia enl- culated simply to give tho worst dens au ad. vontage, and furnish an opportunity for blackmail, THE WORKINGMEN AND TAX-EATERS, A telling point against the workingmen in politics 08 a class-olement was made by Mes, Swisaprru in one of her recont lotters to Tuz TnrovNe. The complaint waa the enor. mous and incessant swindting of the taxpay- ora by mnnicipal tax-eatars; the inforonce was that tho success of the workingmen in polities ns o distinct organization wonld remedy this evil, about the existonce of which there is no dispute. The true and philo- sophic answer to this complaint and the snggested remedy is tnat the workingmen, mcluding all the varicties of citizens who range themsolves nndor that title for palitic al purposes, are now more rosponsible for tho tax-oatiug abuses than all the rest of the population put together. When the work- ingimen nre spoken of as a political force, they includo those who actually perforin manual labor for aliving ; those who would Lave to resort to manual labor if they enroed a living; those engaged in quasi manual labor; those who associnte themselves in the capacity of demnagogues with the work. ingmen for political purposes; and all the l:ommpnlula, Booialiats, and trampy. Every person belonging to auy one of tho classes wa have enuwornted claims to be a working. man, and it will not Le dunied that the enumeration iucludos the geeat mnnss of small taxpayers and non-taxpayers, people who pay little aud people who pay nothing atall, Butall these people are votdrs, and necording to the consus of 1870 thoy num. bered about 4,000,000 ia the clties and towns of tha couutry, 'Thoy coustitute a vast ma. Jority of the voters in the citios, aud they uro the moat industriouns and persistout votors we have, It is aafe to say that they all votu once at every election wome of them vots oftener. It is only fair, therofore, to hold them to a largor degree of responsibility for unicipal nbuses than attaches to any other subxlivision of the population of cltios und towns. Is there avy reason, then, why they should claim a specinl mission for municipal reform? They are already numerous enuugh to control the action of every political party in the country fu municipal affains; they are the most active at the primarics aod the ward-meetings; finally, they make the cholce betwoen the candidates at olec- tion, aud thus dircctly thoy determine the number of offices, the kind of men who fill thow, the laws that govern {hem, and the amount of taxes that are levied, It the workingwen as a separate political organization could give a reasonable promise of municipal reform throughout the’ coun- try, they would secure the co-opcration of the very classes whom they ara now most violently abusing. There Is no available insue which would be 50 serviceable to thow, ‘I'bo nggregate indeltedness of the principal citios of this country in 1870 was $Gt4,57,. 63, or nearly three timos a8 much as it was ten yeurs carlier. The aggregate anuual tax of these principal cities for the same yoar (the statement includes 127 cijics) was $112,. 711,275, or noarly twice much as ten years earlier. This statement does not give a full estimate of the cuonalty of tax-eatig (broughout the couutry, but it shows thet an aversge incrouss of 83 per cent iu the population of cities Las been accompanied by an average increase of about 200 per cent in the indebt. edueus aud nearly 100 por cent in the aunual taxation duriug the Last decade. It iy prob- ablo that the eutire local iudebteduess (in- cluding Btate, county, city, town, aud school) dous uot full khort of the vational debt, and that the auuual tazution for local purposes in equal to the uggregate of the (olal ordi- nary expenditures of the (ieneral Govern. wmont, 1t is th so-called workivguen, tho Gwall {uspsyers sud non-tsxpayers, consti- tuting a vast voting majority in the cities and towns, that aro mainly responsible for this condition of things. Can they ba trusted to work out a genoral reform in tax-eating if they combiue in one politieal party? Will thoy not, bauder together, bo more recklcss than ever of the interests of the large property-owners who pay tho buik of munie. ipal and local taxes. It the workingmen thoronghly nnderstodd Low opprossive local taxation renlly is upon thom, there is no doubt that, whother at- tached to opposing partics or ncting togother an n distinet political organization, they will accomplish a rednction in the numbor of local tax-eaters and in the amonnt of inxen consumed. It is becnuso municipal taxes are lavied diroctly upon the real.cstate and tho personal property, and becanso thoy havo & very small amount, and in many inalauces nono, ovor the ordinary exomption, that they have permitted (as the majority of voters in the cities) the tax-eating systom to grow o such gigantio proportions, Thoey are uni- versally of the opinion that, under the direct sysiem of taxation, the large land-owners and capitalista pny nearly the whole of the taxes, and that they eoscape, either entirely when they have no taxable property or al. most ontirely when they have but very little. They caunot bo taught to understand that all taxes are an involnntary donation, which reduces the wages-fund to precisely the ex. tent to which the direct taxation is nssossed. If a manufactitrer pays 210,000 a yoar taxes formunicipal purposes, that amount ir an item of yearly expensd like his insurance, ront, or pay-roll. If he were not obliged to pny the 210,000 a year ho would bo alls to in- creasa his business and employ more men at the presont prices, or to pay higher wages to thoso alrendy employed. If lie pays $10,000 when he oughit not to pny more than 5,000, a3 ho doea fn every case where taxes are double what they ought to be, then ho is de- prived of $5,000 which e would otherwise divido up in wages and raw material for the enlargemont of his busiuess. 8o if tho ag- Rrogata capitalists and cmployera pay %200, 000,000 of local taxes when tho same sorvice ought to bo performed for half that amonnt, then thero is a robbory of $100,000,000 which falls in large part upon the working. men, beenuse the aggregate wages-fund in tho country is reduced in that proportion. One of the wisest reforms the workingmon could accomplish in their own interest wonld be to make war on tho tax-thieves and dimin. ish thoir power for absorbiug camtal, But if the workingmen nas a class cannot bo convinced of thia whilo thoy are divided up betwoon existing political partios, and it they hava refused to entor npon such a cra- sado whon thoy can connt upon the ossist- ance of the capitalisia aud employing olasses nasoolated with them, what hopo ia there of reform nt thoir hands when acting in dircot antagonism to the employing clnsses? If thoy hiave refused, under tho advice, infln. anco, and roatraitit of the omploying classes, to insist upon a reduction of municipal tnxes Locauss they have nursed the error that the muuicipal taxes fall upon the employing clasaes and not upon themselves, will not they, acting alone, pursue this delusion to the uxtent of bleeding the taxpaying prop- erty-owners moro than ever? Tho compara- tive experionce of clties in this conntry and thoso of other countries shows that local taxntion increases aud local debls grow whorever universal suffrage is applied to local government, and that lo. cal offairs are sdministored economical. ly ouly in cities and towns where the taxes pnid are voled by those who pny them, Under the mixed system, whon the voto of aman who does not dircotly pay $1 of local taxes counts for ns much ns the votu of u man who pays 810,000 n year, tax- onting bins becowe o wonstrous abuse. Does reforia lis in the direction of an abandon- 1oent of local govornment to the mon who sy no taxes direotly? Cnan locul debts and local taxabion bo reduced by giving tho cou. trol of tax-levies entirely over to the men who do nol believe they poy auy part of the taxes lovied ? THE SBOUTHERN ELECTIONS. The seod wown by ALEXANDER BTEPmENs seems to have taken root, and has como above ground in the Bouthern midsummer elections, while in West ‘Pounossco it shows & very vigorous growth, aud has put forth loaves and buds. It is as yot too enrly to forecast definite resulta ; but if straws show which way tho wind ia blowiug, then it is setting in from the Indepoudent point of the compnss with probabilitios, as the Bigual Bervice wonld say, of developing into a very frosh, strong breeze. The events of tho election, however, are nono the loas signil. cant, and are worth uoting as signs of Bourbon disiutegration, ‘L'he ost vmphatio victory was won in Wost Tenucessce. In Memphis, Bourbonisw, headed by the Memphis Appeal, was routed, horse, foot, and dragoous, by the Oppo- sition, headed by the Arvalunche, 'Che Ap- peal clossies the Opposition as radical. As the term may mislend tho Nurthern render, it may be ns woll to say that tho Opposition was juade up of o combination of various elements which had determined no longer to be dominated by the Bourbou Democracy, whicb, further Sout, is more sppropriately characterized a3 the Shot-Gun Domocracy, These eloments iucluded Republicans, Na. tional-Labor men, * Greenbackers, Working- men, and Indepeudent Democrats, ‘They Jjolued hauds in one supreme effort, nud electod the entiro connty ticket by majorities ranging from 3,000 to 6,000, after a com- paign of unparalleled Dbitterness. In thix election the mont Inedigrions elemonts were barmomzed. Irishmen plumpod thefr votes for negroes and negroes plumpend their yotea for Irishmen, aud for the first thnu in the history of politica thess two racos stood shoulder to shoulder and voted for each othor. The significunce of the victory is shown fu the following extract from the Atalanche : ‘The Nallonals of Shelby County yeaterday won & victory over the UBournone thatis Ihorouygh sud overwlclulug., ‘b day ol political proscription and sncla] sbuse on account of pulitics l:n- pased ju Memphis und 1n Sbelby County, ‘Fhie yeomanry uf the countey districts stavd shoulder to shoulder with the workshopa of the city sgainst the domina- tiun and corruption of the old pariics. In the city the proist againet tho sbase of swall varty lead- ers, who denouucy evory onc as a ** vile Haalcal™ wha declinee Lo vote (of tbe Dewocratic nowluees, batic Lhat it will uol ve repeated. AL 0 fu this county s free Lallot sud Loneat Aale snd s fale glectlon for the frat timo wince ‘T'he Bourbons of Memplls are inclined to attribute their defeat to purcly local causes, but, as an offset to this, it is significant that the candidste for the Clerkship of the Crimi. uul Court, Gen. Vavouaxn, who withdrew bis nawe frow before the Dewocratio Conven: tion aud announced hitself as Independent, recsived twice us largs a majority as any other cundidate ou the ticket; while the Irish and Gegman voters, who horatofors havo beon strong Dewocrats, bolted their purty out of sheer disgust at their treutment und weut off after slrange gods. Iho eloce tion wus 100 swall un atfuir to iuvolve ua- tiounl iportance, Lut if, os Gun, Kix asx nerts, there is to be a aplit all over the State next fall, the orack in the westorn end of tlie log may help to mako i In North Carolina the elcctions show that the Demoeratie party s rapldly going to pleces, and tho Legislaturs will ba so consti- tnted as to defeat Vaxcr, the atraight.ont Democratio onndidate for tho United Btates Senate. The Independent Democrats made A very strong showing, and with the Repub. licans will probably hold the mnjority and elect Menninox, while tha latter have a very Rood prospect of carrying at least five out of the eight Uongressioual Districts in Novem- ber. It is evident that the Independont Domoorat is abroad in North Carolina, and must heroaftor be rogarded s a very im- portant factor in State politics. In Misissip- pi the Indspendout Domocrat only waits forn londer, and thore are iudications that Benator Lamar may Lo that lendor, and head thorevoll ngainst Bourbonism and the shot-gun policy. 'The telegraph laa alrendy intimated that he hna declared himself opposed to this poliey and as agninst all violenco at olections and persccution of volers. The poople them. sclves are threatening an Independent move- mont all over the Htate, and it ouly needs somo wuch courageous lcader 88 Layan to induce them to cut loose from the Bourbon Domocracy. In Georgia, tnder the lead of Avrzxannen Stermexs, the Independent move- ment rapidly gaina ground ; and in South Caroling, although the Bourbous were sue- cessful at their recent 8tate Convention in renominnting the_ present Siate officers, it wns only accomplished after a struggle that left a soured and dissatisfied minority ready for nnything in the way of Independoent work, All thoso cracks and splits may not indi. cate any immediate rosults at the ballot-box, but they do unmintakably indicate that thoro is no longor a solid Bouth, nnd, carpet-bag rule being over, that thero will bo a healtier and stronger party organized in opposition to Bourbonism, nud one which will attract to itaelf both whites and blacks. It is absurd to supposo thera cau be but one party in the South, and, now that there is an opportunity to organize & new party withont the' com- pulsion of carpet-bag leadorship, the peopla of tho Bonth are quick to take advantage of it. Thus one of the mensures of President Havea' policy of justico and concilistion fu beginning to bear frnit in the Bonth. CHEAP LANDS. Tho Socretary of the Interior has decided that nll the land granted by Congress to the sevoral Pacifio railronds (except those of the Northorn Pacifis), and which have not been sold by the company within three years aftor the completion of the ronds, s now opon to private entry ot the rateof 31,26 per acre. Tho companios are, undor this decision, compelled to soll the laud at that price. Tho party desiring to get a quarter section of the land pays over to the United States $200, and the Government will issue'to Lim & patont thorefor, It will be for the railroad company to contest the claim beforo the conrts. An estimato of the «quantity of land thna thrown open to actual settlors furnishos the following flgures: Central Pacific 11,742,000 Union Pacific. 10,704, M7 Kanyas Pac 400, 000 Denver Paclfl 1,100,000 TOLAl ACTEB. . uuveeruirennens o coo 2B 3HU, 47 Tho land Iy limited at this price to aotual sotllors, TLia aren of lnnd ix oqual to 73,400 farmx of forty ncres, costing 840 each; or 40,080 farms of eighty acres, costing $100 caoh; or 18,400 farma of 160 ncres, costing 200 onch; and here 18 an opportunity for nuy person really desiring to have a home on the publiec lands at comparatively small cost. Theso lands aro all kuown os railroad lands,—that is, thoy are within reasonnbls distance of lines of railway and therefore ac- cessible, The ronson these lands have not Leon rold is that the companies have been holding thom at high pricos—from $0 to §12 an acre. Tho whole area could bave been disposed of to speculators years ago, but the recent decision of Beorolary Sciurz has now cat off the sales of thoeland inlarge tracts, and has confined the same to actual sattlors, ‘The decision I a vory wise and just oue. ‘These lands were withdrawn from markot from twelve to fifteon years ago, and have Leen practically closed to sottlers ever since. 'The lands woro granted toald in the cou- struction of the roads, but in polut of fact tho ruads wore built out of the bond subsidy voted at the same time, The railroad com. panies hiave bought up, of course, lnrge tracts for company purposes and for town wsites, and have sold several millfons of aores, tho proceeds of which they huve consumed. ‘Their purpose to hold the land indofinitely, with a view of gotting larger prices for it, excluding sottiement in the mcantimo, has been defentod for tho future by the action of Mr, Scuvnz, ‘The provision of the law on which the Becrotary based his opiuion is this ; Tho third section of tho act of July 1, IRAI (12 Siatules, p. 41r1), provides that the lands innring tu said Company within the granted i which, #bul) remalu undispused of by sall Comvany at the explration vf thrve years from the final com- rlnlhm f the rond shall be sald by said Company 0 sutticre by pro-cimption at 31,23 por acre, In the case of the Kansas Pacitle Ruilway, 3 of its charter provides: nd all such lands 80 granted by (hie section swhich shall not bo sold or disposed of by said Coin. Bive Sen compierad whai po sibpect o borennt and pre-empilon iike other lands at rrl:e not ex- ceeding §1.25 ver scro, Lo b pald to sald Company, (12 Ntatutes, p. 480.) Nearly all the land-grauts wade by Con- gress to ald in tho construction of rallroads havo the vame condition annexed. 'Ihe objuction will be—hns already been rafscd—that these lands lave becn mort. gaged by the railrond companies, and that tho compnnies cannot e forced to soll thern, a4 they are substantially the property of the wortgageos, This is & weak sttempt to de- feat the law. The original grant of land stipulated (hat 5o much a4 was not sold within three years after the complotion of tho road should then be open to private sntry and pre-emption by actual pattlers at $1.25 per acre. "That stipulation was part of the titlo of the companies ; they could receive thu Jand uunder no other terms; and auy wortgage they may Lave given was sub- jeot to this provision of law. Moreover, in- stead of haviug the sale of these lunds on their own terms for three ycars after the cowmpletion of the roads, the companies have Lad them ever since about 1870, in which time they have made large sales at large prices. Legally and equitably the raflroad companies have nocause of cowplaint, because tuls provision for the sale of the land to actual settlers at $1.23 per acre was purt of the contruct, and mado so exprossly to pre. vent the roads from keeping the lauds cloved to actual settlement. The object of the law Wwas to force the opening of these lands to settlement, und provent their beiug kept in large wasses and unoceupied. The oaly vuo of theso roads of whous land Dbusiness. wo have any details is the Union Pacific. 'I'bis Company bad, up to o year ago, wold 1,818,209 acres; iLhe gross re- cuipts wero $0,205,328, and, after deducting B oxpenaes, notted tha Company $4,852,752. The Comnpany had mortgaged the lands for 410,000,000, on which 83,000,000 had heon paid; the Company bad outstanding con- tracta of sales of land amounting to £3,415,- 000, and the whole debt to bo provided for out of tho nnsold Iands was 3,000,000, to pny which the Company held 10,704,047 neres. It the nnsold Iand be all sold now at $1.25 por acro, the Company will have had an aggregato income of $20,000,000 from the Iand. Tho snles of land by the Central Pacific down to 1875 had been at the rate of §5.27 per ncro. 4 About two millions of acres have probably béen sold by the Kansas and Donver Itoads. The real policy of all these roads is to have them under cultivation and to have them peopled. Idle and unocoupied lands ara poor aupports to railways. A family put on each B0.ncre tract of land, aven if the land were givon free would be of greater valne to the raflronds than to have theso millions of acres standing yoar after yoar unpooplod and un. productive, Hettlers who move upon these lands need have no fearof fatura disturbance or loss. ‘The wholo country will demand that the lands bo opened to rottloment, avfll one of the best and wisest forms of alding unem- ployed residents of crowded clties is to organize companies to afford ald to those who have no moans to reach the lands, pay for them, and get a start, The Btate Immigration Bocleties can do no groater service to their States and to humanity than by affording information and menns enabling persons in the Eastern cities to reach and noouro forty or eighly acre farms on these lands. Better for all that & hundred thou. sand families be given homos on thess lands and becomo producera than have them per- ishing at the East and the lands lying waste and batren, Whon Congress meets, if addi- tionn! legislation Le nceded to make Mr, Hcnurz's decision offectual, let such legisla- tion Le promptly had, 1t fa hard to imagine what the Milwaukee Daily Murphey expects to accompiish by lying about the result of the last Gubernatorial con- teat in Wisconsin, The dats of that event s not so remote that all its incldents aro forgotten, and the truth of that little® bit of political history 1s easlly vindicated. The Seafinel knows that it is not telling tho truth when {t says tho Repub- Heans achieved a great victory last fall because they fought the battle oa a bhard-money plat- form. The platform adopted by the Inst Wis- consin Ropublican State Conventlon wes not a very hard one 1o rezard to the curroncy, but it wns afterwards somewhat strengthened and supplemented by o scnsible aud common-sense address from tho State Central Committec, written by its accomplished Chalrman, the Ron. llonaca RunLrs. Tho Reoubileans carried the Stato by & plurality vote, becausc tha Green- back candidate drew off and divided the Demo- eratle vote. The vote stood for— Smith, Repunlican.. Mallory, Demourn! Allis, Greenbacker Thus it will be scen that, while Gov. Bxurit was clected, he was stlll behind the combined vots of Marrony and ALLIS 17,043 in the State. Tho Flat-money lunncy Is still rampant in Wisconsin, and in two of the Congressional Diatricts of the State there §s some danger that the Republlean candidate for Congress may be defeated. It Is nut the part of wisdom to deaplsc the strength of our opponents. o —— Concerning the yellow fever that s now on its wny North, a New Orleans’ correspundent eives tho following as some of fts chlef cliarac. terlstics: About the fourth or fth dav the eyes turn yel- low, ‘The skin, ulso, nssumes o ycllowness like that of a biuise, or a bright Jaundice yollow, Ilow- eyer, the patient doew not tiurn yollow in mare than uno care in AlX, As to tho catsen of the sconrge, 1ue old atmoaphorio theory has gone bz.lhl board, und the heat writers now sccin to have settled down o the bellaf that the polson Iv of anhonicalar otigln,—tncae animaicules Iflmerlllnx and anread- ing over surfaccs iko groashinppers or caterplilans, and beinz intraduced into tho human blood, 1t they exiat, the most powerful microscope han hith- 210 baen unuble to discover them. One fact that seeis (o point to their exlstence ta that the samo oxtromes of heat and cold thas kill other tnsectn also kil yollow fever, whoss contsglon cannot cxiut and becomes innocuons at 32 deg, and 212 tew, Yellow faver Iy always killed out aftar o #ood frecze, Yellow fover nover ryreads nhovo 1100 feet above the se: vel. Accllmatizuation does erson has 8 second attack. The pertod of fucubation is generally four to nino days, thuugh peraons havo heen known to carry it in their syatem twenty-threo dsya and then take it. Without treatment. seventy-five out of every nundred will die, With treatment and good nureing, however, about une in threo is the aver- age mortality, 1n the great epidemic of 1807, 1n namo Texas towns, one-hall dled who took the fever, found As to thu cure, no remedy has yet beon nd nll treatment so far, even by ‘the best I»ny- ns, lu as emnpirical ae the causes of yollow evet aro unkuown beyoud conjecture. e e — The telegraph o day or two slnce announced the death of Cardinal ALLESSANDRO FRANuMI, the Pontitlenl Secretary of State. Ho was born in Rome, June 15, 1819, and at the time of the late Pope's death was Prefect General of the Bacred Congregution of the Propaganda of the Oriental Rite, ond one of the most prominent candidates for the Papa) succession. 1n 1853 hu was scnt to Madrid as Papal Nunclo, whers ho became a groat favorite, e held the same po- Eitlon I Modena and Tuseany in 1836, sud ro- turned to Mudrld u 1808, In 1871 he was sent as Nuntio to Constantinople to orrango & set- tlement of Armentan questlons with the Sultan. 1y was ado o Cardinal i 1873, aud the death of Curdinal BArNADO In 1874 placed blm at the head of the Cougrepation of the Propaganda, one of the most Important offices of the Church. After the accession of Lrxo Xill. he chaoged places with Cardinal Bragony, taking the Becretaryship of State, As he was appotuted to that pasition on account of his sympathy with s liberal policy of the Church toward the Itatiun (overnment, the appolute ment of his successor becomes of mure than onlinary fnturest, as it may show whether Lxo XI1L hus wbandoned his policy, us bas beeu charged, e ————— Bcnator JoxEs, of Nuvada, has just been tell- log & reporter of the (old I News what be thinks sbout Civil-Bervics reform, aud ho bears down ruther heavily on President Havms. Ho . says the President's theories are utterly imprac- ticable sod catively oppused to tho spirit and goniue of our freo fnstitutious, and that they aro founded ou a principic which, if carried out, would create sn aristocracy of perpetual office holde: Ho belleves rmly i the doctrine that *'To the victora betong the spoille.” “1 luve no hesitation in saying,"” he declares, “ihat, in my opindon, whienever tho President makes an appulntment tu oflice of & maa be- louging to the wivority party, he makes s con- feaslon eltber of » lack of tuith in the prind- ples of bis own party or 8 lack of belief that thero I8 tu tho rauks of bis own party tit mate- rial from which to welect officeholders. [ am fn favor of genulue Civil-8crvice reform; not s refor on paper; not & reform which says s few nly are tit to excrclso the functiung of govera- weat. We want all to have a chance to rise, and that I bellove to be the true principle ot Republicantsm,” * ——t——— 1t 1s Furlous to noto sometimes to what cun- trary und diverse uscs different peoples will put the sawe thing. ‘Thus, for instauce, & river (o & civilized community is used ss & nieaus of ntes- communlution, and, when properly dsmwmed, 10 turn the busy whecls of manufacturing odus- trics, while lu scmi-barbarlous reglous, s in Hindoo, a rivor is chivfly uscd as & depository fog surplus female infants. 8o, tou, s picaic fn the Nurthern sections of the Uglon ts lovked upon 83 alfording a vhavee tu go fnto'the cour try sud have » good tiwe with ouc’s fricuds. But in Kentucky s vleuic s yuite s different al- fair. Lu Lewls County, o that Btate, the other day, two brothers named BLANKRHSUIP were stubbed sud kuled, sud tew or Bftcen othier per- sons were scrfonsly wounded. Tho account does not Apecify whether the picnte waa gotten up under tho anspices of some church or other benevotent oclety, nor does It matter much while the main fact remalna that everybody en- Joyed themaelves”and had a good time with plenty ot excitement, And certainly, with two men killed aa dead as a smeit and plenty of work for the ladlcs in bindwmg up the cuts and woundaof ten or fiftecn other persons who woro engaged in thuse simple Kontucky sports and pastimes, the exerclsvs were quite varled and unique. The pernicious and unhoalthy habit of eating ico-cream, drinklog lemonade, vlaylog croquet with the young taales, or swinging the children, Is put aside as too encr- vatlng for full-.grown Kentacklans, and a moro healthy, manly, and chivalrous gastime was substituted. That Blue (irass regilon certainly breeds fino horses and manufactures good whisky, and now the simple plenie s to bs con- verted fnto something like the ofd Greclan pames, with a Roman cladiatorial —contest thrown In by way of embeliishment. 'The story having been industriously clrcutated that our United Btates Minfster to Brazil ts so vonduieting himselt ns to e despised by cvery- body, 1s now emphatically contradicted by Mr. Wittiax M. WATTs, a well-known and highly respectablo merchbant of Philadelphia. The story was that HILLIARD, our Minister, was liv- ing from band to mouth in one room, and was too penurious to fudulge In a squarc mneal, Mr. WATTa comes t0 the front and declares that he knows, ‘‘personally and positively, that no Minister of any country accradited to that Gov- ernment Is more dignified, etlicient, or moro ap- propriately surrounded with all that would support his high pusition than the Minister of tho Unfted Statcs. It is not true that he lives In onc room, or resldes in an fuferior quarter of the city, or reatricts himsell to meanncas of Nving In any respect withln my knowledge, but conducts the affaira of his high ofiice in one of the moat spaclous spartments In the best hotel In Rlo, whers he Is surrounded by his collengucs, and In every respoct sustains the high character he is supposed to bear and has horne,” —_— It is evident enough mow that TiLDEN'S “har’l" didn't hold oat, or, 1t it did, the disbursements were miado too spariogly and grudgingly to sait the huugry Democracy, The other day a reporter of the Cluclunatd Commer- cial got hold of ox-Gov. Wansorit, of that Btuto where politics 18 a sclence, and asked what the exact fecling was among the Demo- crats of Loulsiana, and this was his answer: * I think the Democrats were decelved in thelr expectation of large pecuniary support if they woula nominate TiLpex at 8t. Louis. Com- ‘plaints ‘were loud that.money enough was not forthcoming. ‘The politiclans there will not trust him ngain unless they huve to.” In other worus, the solld South wants a man who will shcil out more lberally. ‘Tns TRisuNg has already called publlc atten- tion to the tnsufferablo egotism, vulgar profan. ity, and gross ignoranco of tho blatherskite KeAnNey, who Is now In Massachusctts assist- Ing; Ban BurLen to * cmancipate labor” at bet~ ter prices than bie can get for driving his dray. Our imperfect sketeh of the fellow is fillod out and improved upon by the Nation, when, epeak- Inic of KEARNEY, It says: He I worth study hecause he 18 & kind of animal for which neither American yolitica nor munners have mde ns yeb tho alivhtest preparation, and Decauso he 18 the irst to as~ort o ciaim which haa heen lung 1a the 8ir, via, ¢ the claim not wimply of the pour man to rule the Htate, but of the brutal, {gnorant, biaryheming rufllun to have his wav with the frugal, industrivus, prudent, ang religious; and assurcdly we havo' uob scen the fast of Lis kind, e — . The troubles of the forlorn Macquis of Lorne, hecause he was so unfortunate as to marry the fourth daughter of Queen Vioronia, are thus referred to by tho Boston Journal: 1is relationship to the (Qucen debars him from & career in tho House of Commona and makes it in- cxpedignt for him 1o accent a secondary place in the diplomatic service of bia country. 1ila position as & Commoner makes him the butt of his lloyat connections, 1t may bu that as Governur-Genvral of Canada he will bo able to make for himself some recompense for all that he has biad 1o bear, and for all of Wy forbearauce ho has had to oxercito on ac- count of being the tirst snbject of an Engliah w creitn who has over mareled one of the sovercign's dsughtors. o e et — s 55 Soma sharp, enterprising business-man fo the North will ‘most lkely cateh a hint trom the present luck of jeo In New Orleans, and tako measures to supply the market avother year, Thuse compaules that manufacture iee fn that uty reduced the price so low that 1t was un- profitable to ship it down the river, and when they hnd driven out all competition they then rajsed the prico to an cxorbitant figure. The people aro loudly protesting against the monop- oloy, and the oppertunity to muake money In tho business next year will be good. ——— Judge HiLton, who banlshed the Jews from his Grand Hotel in Saratoga last year, s now roaping the roward of his meanness aud exclu- slveness by seciug his house nearly ompty, not withstandiog his offorts to fiil it up. FHis nar- row and scifish policy is not calculated to butld up the hotel business, and it fs reacting agaloat the property in a marked degree. In apito of all bis efforts the concern languishes, and the wagnificont outlsy of A. T. S8TEWART could probably be bought for one-third its original cust. e ——— 1t is not so popular a thing to be a member of the Porren Committee after oll;. for example, thore {a STANORE, of Pennsylvania, who Ialikely tu suffer for his zeal fu the great cause of fraud by getting defeated in bls district for renotnina- tion, While STenNuzst bas been admiring Mrs, Jxxks, and llstening to ANDERSON'S lles about the Bumusan letter, a wily and actlve com- petitor has sccured half the delegates in the dis- trict, und, i he dovs not beat Srancen blwscll, cun dictato some otlier namo thae wills e — ‘That 4-per-cent-loan busf tneasure as any fnancier co sugurated. It was ouly four mouths old lust Tucsduy, and yeb tho totul loan reached was over §40,000,000, or at thy rate of $10,000,000 & month, snd, as the demand greatly increased during the last ten days, Sccrotary BUERMAN louks upon resumption asouve of the easiest things to be done. And yet MiLT SayLen aud other Fiat sellows are clamoring for the repeal ot the Resuwmption act. ‘Foe Hon, Cuanvey H, Pauxzn, ol Beloit, bas been nominated for Cougress by the Natlonuls, ur Flut-Muney varty, of ths First Wisconsin District. The Democrats will probably sdopt PAnkss as thelr candidate. Panksi i a well- koown reaper-insnufacturer, and has 8 largo scqualntauce aumong tho busincss nicn of his State. Tho Ropublican candidate will be the present member, the Hou. Cuanues . Wite- 1aMs, who hos so ubly Pepreseuted the dlstrict for threo torins, et GiLMors's Band got snubbed fn Parls, and tho boys ure fecliug very muchh hurt abuut it They say that the Freuch Band met with quite & ditferent reception in thls vountry, which 1s undoubtedly true, but thea Mr GiLuose must remember that there is also & marked diterence between the methods which the Awmericans snd the Freoch tave of dolug the samo thing. It GiLxors will coms back to Chicago, Prary H. Sx1Ti will pay blm 80 make musle st Lincoln Fark, - A letter from Sarutocs states that large nume. bers of peoplo visit this famous wateriug-place for a day or two, Which {u these hard tumes is called sutllclent, and then bls to some obscure sud cheaper retrvut to pass the remaluder of their vacation. Theyare able tosay that they have boen to Baratous, and with the exercise of wuch cuuning sod small knowledge of the spriuge they are enabled to carry on a tea-table couversatiou about the grest watertog-place. - —— The Loudon Zimes wuuounces the issus of the Bftu pubkication of Bouy snd Wianew's well- krown * Bevolkeruud der Ende,’ which may by teruied the census of the earth, Bince tho Just publiestion™of its statistics the carth shows an fucreass of 15,000,000 people. The total povu- lation is now sct down at 1,439,115,300, divided us follows: Europe, 3123,308,450; Asta, 831,000, 000; Africa. 203,210,600; Autralia ani Pojy, oo, 4411,000; Amerlca, 80.110,000; (rom sy it will be acen that Asla contulns more thay e half the population of the world. The Ponuly tion of sume of the principal conntriey | et downagsfollows: Uermany, 42,7 87,350.000; Ruesia in Europe, 72! 80,005,788; Great Britaln, 84,243,000 27, 70,475; Turkev In Europe (hefore iy 0,573,000; Russin in Asia, 4,505,870; Turkey |y Asfa, 17,8%0,000; China vroper, m‘,mm“l Chinese border lands, 29,550,000; Deltish lmn,_‘ 188,421,204; Japun, 83,623,873; Esgevpt, 17,00, 000; Equatortal Afrlen, 44,000, Braz) 11,108201. The popnlation of tho United Stage; 18 set down as per our Jast census, e —— an, Italy, Infiny, The sudden collapse of the old Cincinnyy grocery firm of which Gov, Bisitor, of Ohio, s the senfor memberand principal stockholder [ o tad omen from a political nolntof view; or at oy Benator THURMAN, If he Is at all supcrstitfoy, may not feel so innch cucouraged us hie misy otherwise he, now that ho 18 wbout to unen g Presidential campafmn with his Tong-expecieg speech, Quoth the raven, ** Nevermnore, Before KEARNST, the Callfornla draymgn left 8an Franclsco, ho told a reporter that (b only honest Congressman that he knew apy. thing obout was old Bex BuTiEm, and 1y “ho was tooming up mrandly.” Last weeg Bururr and KsARNBY had an interview, by, the account does not tell us whether Buripy returned the compliment by saying that Kxyz. NEY looma up grandly. The flrm of R. M. Bisnor & Co., the largegt grocery house in Cincinnatl, falled on simlruay for a Jarge amount. ‘The senlor member of the firm s the present Democratic Governorqf Ohlo. Probably if he had attended to by legitiniato grocery business and fet palltiey alone it would have been justas woll for the Btato and vastly better for the flrm. ————— Threo years ago, whcn the New York Jiergyg was shouting **Cesarism " until It was out of breath and red in the face, no one expected that 1t would to.day bave started a third-term de. partment, and that ft would act for all the world ssif it rather ltked it. But times go change, and nowspopera as well as uen change with them. A ——— The two and a halt columna dally of personal uotices in the St. Louls Glbe-Democrat of cltj. zens ** who havo left tus city to be vone several montha are so many straws showing which way tho wind is blowlog, or rather §t shows how many people in St Louls sre golng to some * polnt where the wind dues blow. ———————— The 8t. Louls G.-D.says, no doubt trathtully, that the Cityof Kt. Louls and the Btate of Missourl have lost more money by broken banks n one year under Democratle rule than they lost in all shapes and forms in ten years of Republican rule. i - . —— ‘The Cleveland Leader supgesta to eomo en- terprising Democratic newapaper that the spresd of yellow fever bo attributed to Jomn Snen. MAN's financlal polley, That polley having a gold basis is naturally suggestive of & ycilow color. e It 1s sald that BexngrT wanders about New- port the obscrved of all observers, secmingly unconscions of tho fact that his lera'd fs grinding out the worst cditorials of any news. paper that aims to be first ¢lass, e e The 7.-0.-U. does not know that atrikers often compel others to quit work who are willing work at falr wages. The cdlitor of the 101, does not read the papers. ———— ‘The 8t. Louts fellows are now grambling ha. causo Cinciunat! has had more cascs of yclloy fever than they have had. THE INDIANS. Reported Mnssacre of Reven Persona Law Thursday—Tho Indinns Des g Lrop. erty in Btein's Mountalns—Mixican's Fur. nishing Armn to Texss Indinns. BAN Fraxcisco, Cal,, Aug. 5.—A Bolso City (Tdaho) dispatch says that flve men and two women are reported murdered by tho Lostites on Brunueau River last ‘Thuraday, vir.: Georze Miller, » heavy stock-ralsor; Joshua Mitler,wife, sad daughter, and sonj Robert McMurray, aod ous other man. Letters from Welser Valloy say the Indians attempted to cross Snuke River below the mouth of the Welser yesterilsy, but were driven back by the voluntecra and a few regulars. ‘The mountans aro evidently full of Indlans. Qen, Jloward,with his staff and the main body of troops, are between 8liver City und Jordun Valley. 1t 18 reported that thirty-five of White Bird's Nez Perces bave surrendered. SiLvanr Ciry, Aug. 5.—Geo. Howard passed through here thls afternoon towards Bubcan. He had three of his staf? officers with him and about twenty cavalry, on their way from Mal- heur to Camp Lyon. They sre under the im- pression that the Indian war Is sbout over. Forsythe, with six companfes of cavalry, is golng throngh the Juniper Lake country and Stein's Mountains. They have with them a conslderable number of Indian prisoners. ‘Ihe hostilcs have been destroying much vroperty in Steln's Mountalns rccently, Chiefs Winnemucea aud Natchez are'at Malheur Agency and mak- ing strentous efforts to aecuro pardon for the hostile Plutes, BiLves Ciry, Aug. 5.—Indians have devaata- ted the country ln all dirvetl Curter 8uith and Ianson, supposed to have been killed, bave comu ln sufely, ALVESTON, Aug. 5.—The News' Ban Antonio speclal gives a Jetter from Copte L, W, Carpen- ter, of the Tenth Cavalry, lu which he states on information reccived tbut the [ndinns of Fort Btatfon reservation sold wules fu the Town of Det Norse, Mexico, thut hud been stolen [r tho I I'sso atage Jine, and that tbe India are supplicd at storesin Del Nurte with improv- cd breech-loading rifies and smmumtion with- out question, Capt. Curpeuter further states that a company ol regular Mexican cavairy i stationed In the Town of Del Norte, This shows huw someof tho American Indluns are supplivd with srws and ammunitions, ey e atiti PN INDIANAPOLIS ITEMS. Apeciat Dispatch to The Tridune. INDIANAvOLIS, Ind., Aug. 5. —Judee (resham will hold thu fret session of the United Btates Court fn ¥ort Wayno S8ept. 13, A convention of the Trotter hietrs 18 in seasion here, About twenty-five aro In attondance, cut of 200 whose clalms to the heirshlp are to be roved. ‘They aro after an csiate left by Dr. li‘lunn and” Willlam Trotter in Englaud snd varivus other countrics, tifty ofdd veurs ago, and which 1s estimuted at from 800,000,000 tu $200,000.000, Dr. J. M. ‘Trotter, of Stauntou, Va., is clilel engincer of tho meotlug, e ————— SMUGGLING. N=w Loxpox, Conn., Aug. 8.—Tha Custom- House offivers boarded the United Btates school ship 8t. Mary's, which arrived Bsturday from Madeira, sud selized & quantity or smuggled goods, cunslsting of wiues, gloves, silks, Turk- i3h rugs and =arpets, Comiander Phillau, of the St. Mary’s, says the goods, with the excep- tion of the glaves, wero scat home by offlvers uf the United States ship Alliunce, now at Lisbon, lies. He clais rance of the T RE AN 5 (he dites ol customs. The goods will be coutiscated. ——— MEMPHIS, Mexpus, Tono., Aug. 5.—At & meeting of mercbants sad citlzeus to-day, initls) steps were taken for the erection of & freight and graln elevator at the foot of Washington sigect, to replace the gne owued by the Anchor Line recently destroved by dre. A commitice was also sppoluted to coifer with the oftivers of tho Anchor Line In refereoce (o discriminatious ugalnst Mewplls lu the watter of treight rates. e ———— BIG MONEY COMING TO CHICAGO. 8an Fuancisco, Aug, 5.—The will of Michael Reeso bas not yet been dlod for probate, but bis ustoruey states that (v bequeaths §440,000 charituble uud educations) justitutions. The residue, after payivg a few special bequests, s to be divided simupg bis five surviviug sisters sud Lhelr chlldren, all residing la Chicagy, sud the bebry of deceased alaters,