Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 3, 1878, Page 4

¢ .4 THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY AUGUST 3, 1878—TWELVE PAGES. tonsely disgnsted, and immediately wroto him down an sss. A cigar-maker wanted such a regnlation by law of labor.saving machinery as would give everybody em- ployment, and belioved that the reduction of the houra of Iabor to olght honrs per day wonld have the effect of increasing wages. When asked by Mr. Borp, of Illinois, whethor n further reduction to six hours would not still further inoresss wages he mnde no reply. Avother Socinlist insisted that the Government ought to provide land for overy mnn and woman in the United States, and & Nationnl Greenbacker went him ono better by demanding that the Government furnish transportation, implements, etc., and onough monoy to support settlars until they had roaped their firat crop. Thye Tribare, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BT MAIL~1N ADVANCE—TOSTAGE PREPAID. 300 50 {hi] - Weeklr, on n-fi‘ Partaof a year, - WEE aiisn B e 588 pecimen coples sent free. (Giive Post-Otitce addres Lo foll. Incloding State snd Connty, Nemlttances may be made cither by draft, express, Post-Oftice order, or In regiitered letter. at onr risk, TERMA TO CITT SUBSCRIDERS, Dally, delisered. Sunday cxcepted, 35 cents per week. Dally, deltvered, Bunday inctuded, 30 cents per week. Address THE TRIBUNR CO! g Corner Mnliton and Dearborn- m. Onlera for the delivery of TumTainuNx at Evanston, Englewood, and liyde Parg teft {n the countlng-room will recelve promptattentior EDITION, TOSTPAID. The Communist McGreaor, one of those who interviewed the Oongressional Cominit- tee on Labor, gave a curions illustration of the thoughtless Labits of his class by the position he took about oaths. Ho wanted the manafacturers and Lusiness men to be compolled to expose their private affairs to the world, and then be made to swoar to the trathfnlness of their statemonts, while ho himsolf ref8sed to swoar to nnything becanse ““he did not believo in what is called the evor-living and trne Gon.” No statement conld be tnore inconsequentinl, and yot it ‘was very characteristic. If McGrroon (and ho is probably a fair sample of the Com. munistic theorists) does not believe in Gop, TRIDUNE BRANCH OFFICES. Tz Crteano TRIRCXE bat catabifahed branch offices for tha receipt of subscriptions and mdvertlsements a NEW TORR-~Toom 29 Triouns Bullding. F.T.Ma- Fapbxy, PANL Yo. 18 Rue do In Grange-Datellers, Agent. Eog.-American Exchange, 460 Strand. AMUSEM 1inolry’s Thentre, Tandoish wrert, between Clark and LaSslie, Marry Roblnson's Minstrels. Afternoon and evening. | Why should ho decline to go through r tho form of an oath? And if lhe T s e doosn’t bolieve an oath has svy —— validity, why should Lo exact that SATURDAY., AUGUST 3, 1873. the merchanta and manafacturors shall swenr to the statements ho desires them to make nbout their businesa? He wonts otbers to divide with bim on the bnsiaof a showing rendered tho more trnstworthy by being aworn to, but ho 18 not willing to swear to his own condition in dividing with any one else, We should say that this is a pretty fair exhibit of the Communistic purpose. All peopls except Communists must be held down to atrict account, and the forms of law snd restraint of roligion must be used to make them ‘‘drink fair”; bnt the chosen band of Soclalists must bo a law unto them- selves, ond enjoy their spoils without fear of Gob or respect for the methods of the rest of mankind. ABOLISHING LABOR-BAVIRG MACHINERY, ‘The Congresaional Committee of Inquiry into quostions alleBing labor and wages met at Now York City on Thursday last. Tho appointment of this Committee was o wiso movoment. There is nover any danger in having information, and the bost way to discover o remedyia to find oul what the tronble is, A number of reproseutative workmen appenred bofore the Commitico, including two persons representing the stonc-masons and tho granite-cutters. Tho burden of their wpecial griovance was the letting of Government work by contract aud tho use of machinery, If there wera no machinory, they claimed, the work now doue in that way would be done by hand, and, there boing more work for hand-lnbor, tha Baciety could cuforce the payment of fixed wagoes. It is possible that under tho presont Inbow agitdtion sod platforms thera will Le o gonersl agreement among tho meohnnicnl operatives that the use of labor- saving mnchinery shall bo discontinned. It is worth while to consider the genernl a5 well s the special effects of employing Inbor-saving machinery. Lot the most ex- trome case be taken of mome production where, by the introduction of machinury, the number of persons employod has boon reduced to one-fourth and the production quadrupled. This would necessitate the dis- chiargo of three-fourtha of the men engaged in that trade. We concedo that for the timo being, nod until theso samo persons could find employment at some other work, the change would be oppressive upon them ; but thay necessarily form but a minute propor- tion of tho ‘wholo population, und tha wel- faro and beneflt of the wholo is of such mag- nitudo that private losses must be endurod, The iucrerse of production is so grent, and the cost to conswners ro much re- duced, that the whole population share and enjoy the blessing of inoreasedl abun. dance, Thus all clasios of population are of meconsity consumers, and all enjoy the abundance, comfort, and luxury of the Increased consumption of this world's goods unde possible by the reduction in the cost of production. ‘Uhua the stone-cutters anjoy tho heuefita of having sbioes, cotton goods, woolen cloths, hats and caps, flanncls, car- pots, furniture, glass and earthen ware, cutlery, brambstulfs, ments, and everything clse ¢ntoring Into domestic usos for them. gelves and family ot prices not averaging one-fifth of what theso urticlos would cost in the absence of labor-saving machivery, o stop machinery would raiso the cost of sawed granite, hut it would also proportion- ately Iucrense the cost of everything tho stone-cutter atands in need of for his own ur his famtly’s nso. There {s ouo universal law from which thero js no escape, Iluwan wouts grow, in. crensg, and oxpand in the exact proportion to the ability to gratify thom, When cloth wai ade by hiand, o suit of clothes not only sorved ns long ay throv or four suits now serve, hut ulso descended from sire to son, and ot best was fuferior compared with what is now attainable. The houseliold furniture of hnlf u covtury sgo would bo oxtremely plain {n the humblost houses of (o-day; liome-made carpets, the product of long years' accumulation of rags, were thun a luxury, ‘I'o abolish the uso of labor-saving muachinery would be to turn the world backward to couws. parative Larbarisi, aud tho remanding of the poople to wouden shoes, leathor breeches, aud bowe-spun linsoy, would in no part of tho world produce such o revoltnd among the frea working people of the United States, 'Ihe comforts aud abuudauce, {n the matter of clothing, variety of faod, aud household cou- ventences, would nevor be surrendered. The steam saw and planiag will warked a vevolu. tion in the cost of wooden Luilding waterial, and though it took away au fmimenso amount of labor once performed by haud, il increascd the domand for sawed sud planed lumber, giving ewployment to au increased number of curpenters sud julners, aud with in. creased wuges. Thore hus been no in. vention for the saviug of labor which has ever had the ,pormaunent coffect of reducing tho nuwber of workmen or tueir waoges, The gravitu.cutters widely wistake the truth when Loy nssumo that if thero were no stone-sawing machinery the #4wmo aiount of stone would be consumed s thero now i, 'They overlook tho fuct that Greenbacks nt the New York Stock Ezx- change yesterday closed at M. =" Tt took 1,235 ballots to nominate Groror W. Geopzs, of Manstleld, as the Democratio enndidato for Congress in the Fiftcentn Ohio District, e —— Estimates of the coming wheat crop in Michigan, despite tho ralus, fix it at30,000,000 bushels, placing Michigan among the most celobrated whent-raising districts of the country and the world. The dobate in the House of Commons on the Government’s policy in connection with the Eastern question torminated last even- iug, when the condemnatory resolution offcred by the Maryais of Hanrineron, the Liberal leader, was defented by o vote of 195 yons to 878 nuys, and the Govarnmont nmendment, approving of the course of Lhe Ministry, was ndopted without division, ‘Thirty-six now cnses and seven doaths wers registered in Now Orlenns yeaterday ns Lav. ing ocenrred from yollow fever during ‘the preceding twenty-four honrs. A poculiarity is obrervable that the disease stlacks wll clugses nnd in all Joeaiities in the city, the uativo and cclored elements, usually cxernpt, suffering aloug with the rest. It is ngroed, morcover, thut tho pestiloveo s of home vrigin, and not imported fram (ropical points, and that the filthy condition of the city, arising from insufllcient drainage and Iack of proper sanitary measures by tho local authorities, is tha cause of its axistonce and wopid spread. The suceess of the Independent mova. ment in Shelby Counly, Tenn., in which Mewphis 8 situsted, proves to have been wisrepresentod iu the earlier preas dispatches e 8 victory for the Nutionnl Greenback or. grnizatiown., . It.wasy instond, bronght about by a coalition of Indopendent Democrats and Kepublicans againat the regulnr Demo- cratio ticket, and resulted in the election of all the candildates of the opposition. Tho shock to the Domocracy of the region hns beeu o diwastrous as to lend to the confldent oxpectation that the Independents will be uble to elect a Congressman in (hat dlstrict this fall. Tormal aunouncement i8 made by the TLunod Commissioner and Superintendent of thie Union Pacific Railrond that the corpora- tion is prepared and determnined to resist to tho uttermost any attempt by sottlers to tako advantage of tho recont decision of Boc-. retary Scuunz by the pre-emption or ocen. psucy of landn remanimng unsold, It is elnimed by the Company that the decision does not nssume to detormine what consti- tutos a disposal under tle law of the lands donnted by the Government in aid of the conatrmction of the Pacific roads, and that the Yands have been nirondy disposed of (mortgaged, prosusunbly) in the mauner contemplated by the statute granting the Pueifio Itailroad charter, and are not subject 10 pre-omption entry. It ia probable that a case will soon be made wp for the pur. poso of testing this ioportaut question m the court of last resort, and of determining whether landy not actually sold can be pur- shasud by settlers at $1,25 por goro. The Army Commission suthorized by the veceut sussion of Cougross to juvestignto everything connected with army odwinivtra- tion, which has sat, aud slept, and ate, and drank at the invigurativg rotreat callod White Bulpbur Springs, is West Virginia, bins sonttered to the four winds, and isknown of wenonly by o few cesual outgivings of the bricfest character to the elfvot thnt its sittings had been very hanmonious, und that thero was little doubt of its alti- wate uyreement upon something. It is now belioved that the only tbing ogreed upon in tho conviction which Las besu arrived at that thero ixlittle prospect of the Commis- siun ever coming to any practical conclusion, Evin the great Bayxine, who can moke aud uviuke srmies (more espectally tho latter) by the simplo flourish of his quill, fgnored ihis august body, pund turned blwmself to the more congenial task of wrestling with tLa ginut iutcllect of tho uversge Obio Democrat to convince his constituents that we nre o pation of slaves, and that wo owe &l our degradation to the alarming fact that vo have o standing army among us whose runk aud file do our Leavy fighting at the privecly salary of $13 per wonth, It is gen. erally conceded that the Comminsion is & failure, Cougreseional Cowmnjttes, pumerous shining lights of tho Socialistio, Comnuuistic, and Nutions) Grecnback parties werv present, 1wd advanced their theorics regarding the rewedies to by spplied to the existing stato ot depresslon. Oue BasToromxy, s Social- it leader, advocated the restriction by law of the accumulation of capital In private bands, wud the control of all the | tho use of machinery has so reduced the wmouey by the Government for the { price of stono asa building materiul as to bonefit of the people, 0 that thero | bring it into general usv, ond that in nine should ba no desire wmoung workingmen to sconomize or sccumulate. Hu Bocialist comrades, who were present and witnessed bis ridiculous flounderings in reply to the queations of the Comunitiee, bocatny in. cases out of ten stone is used because of ity cheapness when brick would otherwise be used. There are probably three times as wuny men uow engoged in preparing and laying stous in buildings ws thers would by 8o engageld if thero wore no stone.sawing niachinory. Tncrease tha cost of stone and the aemnand for it wonld ceaso. There is no labor-saving machinory ro ox- tonsive as that of the rilways., Tho railway- teain Lias superseded tho atage-conch and the transporiation-wagon. It lLas dismissad an army of drivers nud teamaters, and dispensed with tho use of herds of horses. Railroads, howover, have given employment to coal and iron miners; to manufacturers of iron and stecl rails; has given employment (o laborers in building ronds, and lo men in making lo- comotives and building cars. They lLiave drswn all parts of ho country into close business relations, They have furnished markets to the productions of labor, which markets otherwise could not have been reached, 'Thoy Liave renderod transportation of food and all other commodities possible, and havo given employment to four times the number of persons displaced by their invention. The railronds have 8o extonded communication and facil. itated transportation that it has ennbled miilions of persons to engnge in agri. cnlture who othorwise conld not havae done 80 without burying themselves in remote and almost innccossible solitudes. 'Thoinvention of farming machinery, in conjunction with the railroads, has fncreased the means of cultivating tho vast arca ponetratod by tho rallways. Togother they havo roclaimed the wildorness of waste, mnking it remunerative to labor, and coutributing to the porsonal and notional wenlth, At this moment more than half the people of tho United States live Ly agricultural labor. The farms feed the na- lion and furnish 500,000,000 of products for eale to other countrics, This is possible only because of the nse of mo. chinery. Abolish machinery and tho area of laud undor cultivation would be reduced one- balf, if not more. Abolish railways at the samo time and bread would reach compara. tiva famine prices. One great advantage American Iabor onjoys is an abundance of cheap food. The sewing-machine and the cotton and woolen mill have in like manuer resultod in the production of cheaper and botter clothing, and so vastly has the con- sumption of clothing increased that thoro aro more porsons now engaged in the manufae. turo of those articles than thore would bo - if thero wero no machinery. The manufac- ture of the machinery itself hasopenad new branches of industry, giving employment to thonsands of workmon. Ifalf the coalmined in tho United States is cmployed to ran labor- saving machinery ; to dostroy such machinery would be to closo half the conl-mincsin tho country. The invention of machinery in boot-and-shoe-making bas quadripled the consumption of boots and shoes, and pro- portionatoly incressed the labor caployed in producing the matorinls neoded in the business. Without labor-saving machinery the production of fron and steel would Iargely decline, throwing out of employmont tho immonso army of skilled workmen, and romanding civilization to tho rude product of the roadside blacksmith.shops, ‘Wo might illustrate the sbsurdity and in- consistency of this demand for tho destruc- tion of labor-saving machinery by referonca to avory machine invonted or used. Each ia o bonefaction to labor; it admita a reduction in the honrs of human toil; it reducos the cost of every production of labor; it increases from six to o hundred fold the quautity of the things consumed. Monsaring all the necossition, comforty, and luxuries of " lite by the atandard of the product of n day’s labor, it gives in oxchonge for that day's labor an averngo of fifty-fold moro than wonld be possible in the abseuce of Inbor-saving machinery. The American poople s n whole naro workmen, engeged in producing, and the uso of this machinery marks thoe difference in the moral, physical, and social condition of the peoplo of this country, and of the rude, bnrbarous, and torpid races who rofect such machinery os the inventions of evil. Hoturning to what we said in the begin. ning, hunion wants keop sieady paco with the means of grutifying them; exponditnres geverally folfow close upon tho mesns of ex- peunditure, and the average wnan generally fluls n want that calls for all tho means ho can command, We are all con. sumora (o the extent of our menus, and nothing i more difficult than for men and women onco accustomed to the gratifieation of cortain wants to yield them contentedly, Taking a doy's wages as the test of our meaus to gratify our wants, any chungo in the cost of production which reduces the quantity of Dbread one-hnlf; which limits our clothing in quantity wend quality two-thirds ; which culs off remorse- lesaly all the little comforts, plensures, and onjoymenta; which limits the dimensions angd furnishing of our homes to & minimow, ond at the sume time reduces the demand for our labor, and roduces its product, woukd bea calomity hardly less endarablo than a roturn to n rude barbarism which American civilization bod hoped to have left belind forever. Yot tho abolition of labor-saving machinery would have such offevts, dirctly, immedintely, oud oven more opprossively than wo have statod, and the workingmen of this day aud generation are making that da. wand,~a domand for o return to squalid poverty aod ill.conditioned wretchoduess In discussing the rucent Gurinan eleotiona it is not casy Inside tho lhmits of & uily paper to give tho ronder a clear idva of ths shados of Gorman politics, the characteristics of particy, tho lusues upou which they muke their campaigns, or tho bearings of their sac. ccss upon future legiyation. ‘Fhero are two or threo groat parties which have woll-defined priuciples, but these sgain split iuto sections upou very vague ideas, ond joiued to theso are a dozon or more swall partivs whose dis. tinctions nre so metaphysical tlat it is doubt. ful whothor their Juadors themiclves could give a forgiguer a cloar Idea of the rosults they are soeking to compaas or the platfonns upon which they work. Iu a gencral way thoy moy bo grouped sowowhat ay follows: First, the National Liberuls, hitherto the dowinant faction; the Progressists, or the old Fortschritt party, which is radical, and embraces in its organization the men of 1818; aud two small fuctions, Herr Low's Group and the People's party, These will comprise the Left or Opposition u the new Reichstay. Bocond, the Ultrawoutanes, with ' a fow Protestasts, who lhave occupied tho Contro; the Uulonists or Loyalists (Rteichspartie), aud ihe Conservatives, who correspoud to our Dewocrats. Third, the Lorraine-Autouomists, Loles, Dangs, Particularists, Separatists, and other littlo Landfuls, who represent local isguos, and caunot be classifiod upon general ques- tions. Fourth, the Socialists, whose ob- jects are well known, and to defeat which the secent election was orderod. It is as yot foo early to ascerlain ihe definito rosult of the election, as relurus are not all iu, aud uuwerous supplementary electious bave slready been ordered; but, peudivg tho decision, the cowpluxionof the Iast Reichatag will bo of interest. 'The wholo number of members is 397, and they wera divided as follows. Nationnl Liberals, 128; Contre, 93 ; Unioniats, 87 ; Conservativas, 8G; Progressiats, 33; Lorrainers, 15; Polos, 14; Socialists, 13; Horr Lowe's Group, 113 People's party, 4; Dane, 1; uuclassified, 7. The popular strongth of theso prties was o8 follows: 8,848 persons entitled to voto, of whom 5,657,774 voted. Of theso, 1,669,431 votes wors given to thu Natfonnl Liberal eandidates ; 432,291 to the Progressist eandi- dates; 148,128 to candidates of the othor Lib. eral denominations; 1,092,644 to tho candi. dateg of tho Uentre or Ultramontane party 510,103 to the Qonservatives; 437,063 to Union candidates ; while tho Social Demo- crat votes numbered 481,008, or nearly n tenth pnrt of the whole number of votes polled. The attempted nssassination of the Em- peror by the Communist HopeL waa the sig- nnl for tho dissolution of the Relchstag. The iostant that the news come to him, * mensuros ngainst tha Bocialista™ became TBisuancr's policy, and a bill to that effoct, approved by tho Cabinet, was bronght Lofore the Reichatag. ® Immediatoly all parties wora in commotion, and party lines began to change. Tho Liberals, who had been tho nuclens of Bisuarck's power, fearivg that the bill wonld restrict froe ntteranca of opin- ion, sot up the war-cry of * Reaction!” Tho Bocialists took no part in the discussion. The Conservatives dofonded the monsnre. ‘The Ultramontanos declared they would sup- port tho Government sgainst Sooialism if the Government would do away with the Favor laws, which, tho roader will remem- bor, arrayed Prug IX. nnd the Emperor against onch other in the most bitter hos- tility, and imposed gevere penalties on tho Church functionaries In Gormo- ny who refused to recoguize thom. ‘Tho National Liberals, with fow oxceptions, opposed the bill, and it waa finally defented by a voto of 251 egainst 57. Then followed tho socond attempt to assassinate the Em- poror by NobeLixa, upon which the Reich. stag was dissolved and now clections were ardered. Tha attitnde of partica upon the Soclalist bill suggosts at onco tho attitude which partles in the new Reichstag will eccupy towards the Government. There is, prop- erly speaking, no Governmont party in Ger- many, where Bisuarox is the party ; but even Dissanck must havo an ngency for tho ac. complishment of his purposcs, and this majority is ostablished by o strong nuclous sbout which ho can gather bits and frag. ments from othor parties. That nuclons hitherto has been the National Liberals, now nlicnated by tho soverity of the Boeialist biil, That nuclous {n the next Rolchstag will most undoubtedly be the Ultramontanes if he can settle mnttors with the Papal Nunclo, and about it he will gather sufficient strongth from the Conservatives who pledged them- solves in advance of tho olections to any measures the Government might adopt, and from the Unionista who aro loyal to tho Government aud the other Benato factions to make a working majority. What con- «cosaions ha will mnake to the Papal power, or whether ho will make auy, no ono can fore- iell; but that he has openod o door to the Church, and indicated that there may bo avonues to compromiae, is shown by the lot- tors of the Emporor and the Crown Princa to the Pope, and his negotiations with the Tapal Nuncio at Kissingen, which are not yot completed. With the loss of seats to the Liberals and the gains to the Conservatives, and the othor partles remaining about the pamo, thera fs littlo doubt that he will be able to mustor & wajority, and a very small majority will answer lis purposcs—inu point of faot oven whon he finds himsolf in a mi. nority ho has a way of earrying his points. The chiof resultof tho clection s to be found in tho check that Socialism has re- celved, It bas lost, from present appeor- snces, flve seats In the Reichstag, though it hasgainedon tha pspular vote, the seats belng lost through the union of the Natlonal Lib. orals and Progressists, who hitherto thave run soparate candidates, It has had asinga. lar record. It sprang into existence ouly twolvo years ago, and Bissarck gave it tho ballot and used it on tho side of the Govorn- meont, In 1868 1t had but two seals in the Reichstag, but it was already throatening Libernlism, Year by yeor it increased in pumbers, but it was not until 1877, when it Lind goined thirtcen seats, that the Liberals began to ba alarmed lest thoy might Le swal« lowed up by it. It was not until the pistol. shots of MHoper and Noneuiso wero beand in the Unter den Linden that Bis. sanck declared war against his old allios, in ‘whoso hands he had placod the means of political growth, and who had bocome strongy onough, us they thought, to attack the Gov- crnmont itsel! through Its vencrsble and belovad represoutativo. Whatever majority DBsxanck may have, or of what elomonts it oy be composed, it iv evident that Bocial- fum, it it nasorts ftRolf any furthor, must grapple with o military fmperialisin which has never yet found much difficulty in enforcing its will. ‘I'his strugglo, in which BusManck must meet an enomy nrmed with & weapou which he himself gave him, will be watched with great iutercat, and, if in that struggle the Uatholio Church should appens a8 tho opon ally of its wost bittor onety, it will“ only show that the days of political miraclos are not yut over, THE THREATENED EP{DEMIC. The seported appearance of yellow fever at several Northorn citics has mado the dis- enso o matter of more concern bere than it ovor was bofore, As a rule, there is never the slightest apprunension horeabouts as to epldemic diseases that originate iu tropical climates, but the phenomenal wildness of the past winter caused mavy modical men to foar o summer epidamnio of some kind, and tho unususl degroo of heat that provailed for & couple of days warned everybody of trop. ical posuibilities that wero nover dreamed of Lefors in our climate. ‘The diseaso has broken out in New Or. leans uch earlior this yoar than usual, and, aocordiug to all accounts, {t was brought gver from Matauzas by fruit boats. It has uot yot assumed an opldemio clharacter, but there is but litle doubt that It will i that ity at lesst, because the chimatic and local conditions are all favorable to its spread. 'Tho City of New Orleans Is said to be in & very Blthy condi- tion, and of coursa nothing bLut extrowme warm weather can be ressonably expectod there for some time to cowme. The citice oloug tho river have caught the alarmi and are making extraordinary efforts to arrest the progress of the disease, Memphiy, after its terrible experience of two years ago, bas resolved not to allow the landing of any pas- sengers from New Orleaus or Vicksburg,'aud the boats ersly come to s stop in the mid. dle of the river and excbange mail. There is scarcely any doubt that all the cities ez- posed 1o the vatural march of the discuss along the river will take the most thorongh quarantine precautions and snch moasures of prevention aa are practicable. If yellow fover is contagions as well an epidemic, thon it may bebrought to Chicago, and duriag oxtreme warm weathor might find alodgmont here. The latostmedical author- ities incline to the beliof that the disease is contagious, and the fact that it has provailed at times in Northern citles, once ovenin Qucbec, showa what might happen. At the same time, it is incontestiblo that Chicngo has greater capacily for resisting such a vis- itation tban moat of the largor cities of the country, nud the @anger s so romote that thore is cortainly no ocosson for alprm. There is never a whole weck in Chieago but there are one or more chilly nights that wonld nip the ** yellow jack” in tho bud. Vonfhation and cleanliness aro the two great proventives and remodics in the caso of all epidemics. Aw to the former, Chicago Las o great nntural system of vontilation ih tho lake winds and the prairie winds which aiter- nately eweop over the aity eud carry off much of tho foulness genorated ina crowided community, On this account main- ly it may bo sct down that a disenss like yellow fover can only appear horo in a sporadio form. 1n the matter of clennliness tho recent heavy rains washed out tho sowers vory thoroughly, snd the main body of the river in in a very much botter condition than it was a fow wéeks ago. The North-Siders will do well to raise by subscription, aa we suggested some time since, sufficient funds o enablo the city to purchase the machinery for utilizing tho Fullerton avenue conduit; it is only in this way that this tannel can bo made servicenble, for the city haa not, and is not likely to have for some time to come, money onough to provide tho pumps. Tho North Branch is undoubtedly in o wrotched condition, nnd in the case of nn opidemic that part of tho cily would bo in the groatest danger. Itis also trme that many of the siroots are very filthy becauso tho pavaments have become so dilapidatod as to render cleaning almost out of tho question. The city authoritics should certainly do everything they can in the wny of keeping the streets and alleys clean, and it would be & wise thing for neighborhoods to organize and cloan up on the co-operative plan. In ony scason or undor any conditions that threaton an opidomic, oloauliness ranks socond to godliness. Every family can do much to protect itself and the general Lealth by private efforts, and the phyaiclans, the Board of Health, and the police should all ancourago and, aa far aa possible, inaist upon tho strictest attontion to cloanliness. Good habits, regular diet, abstinonce from stimu- lants, and a cool head are the best porsonal procnutions that can be takon to avert all sorts of summor disenses, THE PAPER MONEY OF FRANCE, A correspondent secking information writes us asking soveral quostions, and, as tho information may be useful to others as woll o4 to him, wo answer in this form, He naks: (1) What was the cireulating mediam in France prior to the German war, and was it issued by the Governmentor by the banks, ond how much was in circulation? (2) Did tho Frenoh Government daring the German war issuo paper monvy, making it a logal tendor? If not the Government, did the bank, and was it a logal-tender? (3)lfas this paper money been redeomed in coin sinoa then? (1) At the outbroak of the Franco-German war, in 1870, the paper eirculation of the Dank of Franco was £251,000,000, tho bank holding a specie rescrve of $229,000,000, oqual to 90 centa on the dollar. There was no other bank of izsuo in France, and the lowest notes issued were for 100 francs, or $20. The Govornmont issaed no paper money then or since. (2) The Govern- ment, being in great want of money, author- ized the Bank of France to lssuo its notes to a snm not exceoding 8,200,000,000 francs, or nbout $040,000,000, such notes to bo =a legal-tender, and specie paymenta being sus- peuded. Of this issue of bank papor the Qovernment. borrowed in all 1,560,000,000 franes, or $300,000,000, the snme to be ropald in soven annnal installments of about 23,000,000 francs oach, or $44,000,000, It was providod by law, howovor, that aa soon 08 the QGovornment shonld by payments rednoe the debt duoe the bank to 800,000,000 francs, or §60,000,000, tho notes skould cease 10 be legaltender sud tho bank was to resume specle payments, the time boing Jan. 1, 1878. The war wad hardly over, and the indemnity to Germany put in process of paymont, be- fore the Qoverument bogan its repayments to tho bank. As fart as the Government poid over the notes to the bLauk they were canooled and the bank began another form of reduction. It firat called in tho five- frauo noted, redeeming thum in eilver; soon wlter, and in order, the 25.frane, hi-frane, 200-franc, and A00-frane notos followed. ‘Chey wers bought up aud destroyed. (4) On the 16t of January, 1878, the bank formally rosumed, ad it bad long before practically done, spscio payments, avd within a month nearly all the extraordinary issue of paper pat out during the war had been taken up and dustroyed, The bulk of the regular iasues of thy bank now is in notea of the do- nominations of $20, §100, aud $200 ench; all amall money is silver and gold, "I'ho present average noto circulation of the Bauk of Frauce, including what Is held in tho bank itsolf, is §150,000,000, all of which 1s redeemnble on demaud in coin, and no part ot which is now a logal-tander. Noth- ing is now a logal-lender in Frauce oxcept silver and gold, At no time was the paper money of Franco in excess of $6410,000,000; amd tho procoss of ruducing this bogay immodiately after the close of the Gorman war. ''o bank and ita forty or more brauchcs have now only §460,000,000 of bauk notes oulstandiug, for tho rademption of which it Lolds from 95 to 98 por cont in coin; and this paper monvy s not n legal-iender to any amouut, aud is by law redesmable on demand ju coin. The issua of Lank notes may be Increased to $050,000,000, but the bank must, like the Bunk of Fogland, have the specie with which to redsem it, and the paper itself do- pends on the solvenocy of the bauk, sud not upon any Governmoutal wupport beyond boing & depositor in the bauk. 'The paper itselt is not logal monoy, and nothing 1 now & logal-tender in France except gold and sil ver, Keep thoso facts in mind. 2 A very spirited discussion s uow golag ou fn the Wisconsin newspspers in regard 1o the ex- fatence of the old war cagle, “OId Abe,” (bat went out with the Eletith Wisconsio Reglment, and returued with It at tho eud of the War. ‘This bird of frevdom was @ grest favorite with the Ut soldiers, sud seewed to cojoy camp lite aud toe poinp aud clreumstance of glorions warus much 8s any of the boys tu blue. Whea the regiment went futo battle he was let lovso to hover over the tleld, apparently watching the tide of the tight, aud at the closy of the cuntest would agalu scek the regimeot to which he was attached. “Old Abe” hated & gray-back fn the samwe proportivi s bw loved @ bluv-cuat, and never made aoy mistakes by wetting Into the wrong.camp, Aftor the unplessantneds was over, nnd “OId Abe's® regiment was mustered out of the service, he wae kept at the publle ex- pense at the City of Madison, und was looked upon with peide aml satisfaction Ly the people of Wiscansin as a noblo relic of the late unplessant disturbance. Another eagle of less nute, catled ‘“Andy," aflter the man wlo tvas onice somewhat consplcuous in the Nasny literature of thetimes, ~as niso kept at Madison, having servud his country in the tented fleld, and made a fair rocord a8 a Unfon soldler, Four yeara ago one of these old emblems sickened and died, and the dispute In the papers fs all about the Identity of the decensed rnoster,~some naserting that 1t was * Old Abo,” and others nsisting that It was ** Andy ' who had passed fn his checks. Many of the nowspapers have alrcady taken sides upon the subjett, and it is likely that a Joint high commlsston would have Leen svpolnted by Gov. Bsitit to settle tho questlon it 1t had not been for a letter just pub- liahed from Quartermaster-General (izonar E. Brraxt that scems to scttle the controversy in favor ot the exlisteuco of ** Oid Abe,” Thus doea the Madison Jonrnal repel the base Insinu- ation “as sbaurd that the conservative and patriotic Commonwealth of Wisconain has been imposing upon the good people of the United Btates at tha Ceutontlal, the Boston Exhibitlon at ‘Old South,’ the Newark veteran rcunion aad elsewhere, in palming off snother esglo upon them for the veritable bird *Old Abé} whose war record has becoms world-famous,” The logal Badaer boys are willing that WiLLIAM ‘TrLy ahall remain forever a nythy o, too, PocaroxTas and Capt. JortN SxiTit, and also whether WiLL1Ax SitARsreARE or Lonl Bacon was reolly the author of those grest plays— they are not agitated about any of these ques- tions 50 long as they are left f the comferting betfet of the exlatenge of the old war eagle, S P ey 4 tha Editor of The Tribune, Loxa Porxr, 1L Aug. 1.~—Do the Natlonal Banka DAY any tax or revenno tu tho Government? If so, what would o bank having a circntstion of $500, - 00 pay per yesr ta the (iovernment? In thero any natlon having o ¢lrcuinting medinn ba n tho proposition Aet forth by the *‘lirick** Poxenoy Gireonbackora? 1s thera any law {0 comper ex- Chief Graln-Inapectar llanczs Lo disgorgs the fees shat Lie hs {akon furciblo posseaslon 0f? | Yours. (1) The National Banks pall to the Federal Government ast year of taxes 86,098,920, or in round numbers seen millions of dollars of taxes, and of 8tate, county, township, and city taxes something over six millfons, or rather more than thirteen milllons fn all, which smounts to about four per centon their elreula- tlon. (2) A bank having acirculation of 2500,000 of notes, and s falr averagze smount of Aenosits ond busincss, would pay about $11,000 of Federal and 9,000 of State and local tages, or 20,000 in all, or more than twice us much as farms, wnanufsctorica, stores, mills, houacs, goods, sud chattels, or any other kind of prop- erty, except whisky and tobacco. (3) No natlon in the world has a circulating medium of the kind advocated by the * Brick® Poxenoy, 8ax Cany, Dax Voouuzrzs, or ALRXANDER CAMPBELL *Greonbackers.” The nearest ap- proach over mado to thelr pecullar * wind » currency were tho French nsslznats and the Confederste graybacks, (4) Ex-Chief Grain- Inspector Haursn denles that there is any law 1o compel him to *¢ disgorge.” e—— ©Our New York namcsake calls attention to a fact that many pcople overlook, to-wit: that the currency question cannot be sottled in this country by tho sure approach of resumption, or Ly actual resumption itacil, beeause it is "the old contest between ignorance and knowledge, between honesty and dishonesty, between shift- leasneas and thrift." This s the sum and sub- stance of the whole controversy, and, with these great stubborn factors, **ignorance,” *‘dishon- csty,” and “‘shiftlessncss,’ statesmen, statls- ticlans, financlers, and political economiats will find themsclves constantly arrayod. The igno- rance of the Bcuwang, the Kranneys, and the CampepeLis in regard to all the laws of trade; the disuonesty of the 8ax Canvs, Hriek Poyerovs, and Bex ButLens, when treating of fluance and currency, and the shiftless- uess of tho whole crowd of lazy, vaga- boud Saclaliats, are nspecta of the dis- cussion that never should bo lost sight of. It is probably true, as the Tridune suc- eats, that tho only nermarent and radical eurs for the inflation und flat-money lunacy Is tho general spread of intelligenco and correct fiens among the people. But as loug ns thers ure designing and uvecrupulous demagogues in the lsud who aro ready to pander to noy popular fallacy that prowmises them speedy promotion or emolument, the cducstion of the masses lu cor- roct notions of political economy must necessa~ rily be a slow and tedious procesa, e Tho yellow fover has loeated fn Cincinnatt, and (¢ is not Hkoty that it will fail to visit Chi- cazo. ‘There {8 no good reason why it should not make us a call, especially If it becomes epl- demic in Cluclonaty, and it'is thercfore the part of wisdom on our side to at once prepare to re- ceive it. The presont tilthy condition of the clty strongly invites it,and it is not a visitor that 18 Jlkely to stand upon etlquette, but may put in an appearance sowe finc morning 80 un- ceremonionsly snd suddenly that it will bo uu- pleasant, and which may not Le constdervd ox- actly polite. What we nesd to do to provide against its attacks is to immediately put our hotnes, the strects and alleys, and everything that pertalus to our sanitary condition as a city in the beat vossible conditlon. The ity oflicials ought to adopt the most prompt and thorough methods that can be dovised to promote cleanliuess, which Is superior to wodliness as o preventive of discase, and In their Jaudable effurts every citizeu of Chicago, male and female, should consfder himself and herself @ committes to ald ond sssist. The ouly real cause of alarm, so far as Chicagols concersed, fa to be found in the gencral nastl- nuss of the clty,—a source of anuoyance and discomfart and breeder of discase that ought to bY romoved st any cost, even If thero were no case of yellow fever within 1,000 miles of us. It is high time thot Mr. TiLpmx fnvited ex- Qov. Palmer, ux-Senator DooLiTrLE, ex-Scuator TruspuLy, and other visiting statesmeu to pro- ceed at once W Now Orleans, and If not to “ace an bonest count,” ta sge that the Porren Sub- Committes docs not carrupt the witnesses, Iere comos the New Orleaus correspondent of the Clnciunat! Gazetle and asserts that the Commit- tee has been usleg money openly for this very vurpose. Ile adda thiat ** it bas been sworn to by two or thires witucsses with a dircctocss that admits of uo denlal. Oue of the witnesscs but yesterduy, in my hearing, being yeproochod be- cwuse of his perfury, gave the wholuol the altua- tion in a very few words: *What would you do,” sald he, it 8 man ceme ab you withi a kuife in one basd and a roll of groenbacks fn the other ouel® Mauy detalls are given, Onu colored may mentioned the pre- clso sum he had received. Another described the process of cvaching him.!! 1t Is not underatoud that the Bub-Porraa—beg pardon—thy Porrar Sub-Comtnittee 13 gullty of doing this bribery, or that they arg countying at it, but the chargo 1s that certalu Louistana Democrats are prepariug the testimony to be submitted to thew. Verily, Mrs. Jexis hit the pall squarely on the head when ahe sald * Poll- ties (s @ selence down {u Loultanw,? e — - Braise cqu make a telllng apeeck, I he cant not by President. 1u addressing the Ropub- licsu Majue Convention on Tuesday last, his closing senteuco was worthy of the mau sud the occastous when Lo sata: * The greenback sgitator luvites us to violato a solomu pledge of austion to the world, We will pever dolt— never—nover ! The reader way appreclato the full slgulficance of this bold decisration when he uuderstonds that the that party in Maln this year 1s wore formidable than the old- Hue Democracy, e The New York Iferald gives the agitator KEABNEY sowme £00d advice, It prumiscs bl that tho Herald wiil give lalr and full reports of all he bas to say, and that ft hopes Le ** will turb out to Ly a mau ol tirst-rute ability, abls W weet o debate thoss who diller from Liuw® That 1a provisely what the Zerald will not w02, No man who starts out with those false g,. ¢lallatic 1dcas in bis head da capadle of meey, anybody fu a fair debate for av loncst compar. lson of wless. Thelr whole Commnnlai theory fs bared upon a falsehoul and <annoy bear fnvestigating, and this Kransev g g, extreme sud denunclatory of thers to g capable of logicaily arguing or judically go. termining any ease Involving the righta gng Tiberties of Mis fellow-men. A Man who declacey that JonnSHERRMANX will “steal ansthing fromg tenpenny nall to 100,000 acres of land ": gy "Arxs (s dishanest, and his Cabliet no tey. ter?; that *Conaress is a band of frawien and that the onlv honeat Congreasman e gy any knowledge of 1s Hex BUTLER, 18 not thy sort of togiclan that 18 going to favorably fi. press the sober, thinking peoplool these Uniteg Btates. eting o seg— A lasvyer sometimes picks up o swithezs ghyy ho 8 quite wiiling to drob a8 5001 88 Loasiyly, os witness tne followinz: A Mr. Lawrnney wason theatand in Milwaukee on Thurelay during the trial of RusssLL WHRELRR for myp. der, and had stated that he knew the prisoper well, and knew him to bea peacenble, Jag. abiding citizen, When croas-examined by ybg District-Attorney, the foliowing colloquy o curred: District.Attarney—** Yon have testified, ¥y, Lawnexcs, that you conmder the defendant o av. ablding citizen Mr, Lawnzncg—**1have, and 1 doso consider nim." mD.’-‘A.—“ You know that he hasbecna pin. orn’ 4 M. Lo—** 1 know he has." 1.-A.~'* Do you connidor it exactly proner ty eall n profersionul zambler A Inw-ablding cltizents f, L.—='"S0 Jong ae the District-Attorney allows pambling to be carrled on In the city with out restraint of or punishment by law, 1 coneigey it perfectly proper to describs & professiony gauibler a8 law-abiding citizen, " When the laugh had subsided, the District. Attorney blushed “loudly.” and sald to the witness **That Is all.” i el ‘The Hon, Baventy Douarass, Reoresentatlrs in Congrees from the First District of Old Vie. ginla, I8 anxious to be renominated and ro-elect. ed, but objections are made to him because he ig adrankard and made o disgraceful exhibition of Limself at varfous and sundrv timea ou the foor of the Housc. To this charge Bevenur replies that he was so disguated with nlmselt for having voted for tho Electoral Commission bill that he could only seek consolation and for getlulness In the flowing bowl, and that drunk- caness, under such ageravating clreumstances, might casily be pardoncd by a chivalrous snd forgiving people. But it 1s doubtful It Brven. 1Y'8 point will be consldered well tukon by the people of his dlstrict. —————— Peaple necd not waste any sympathy upon the gentlemen who got 80 badly *cornered * in tho wheat speculation that has causcd 8o wuch oxcituinent In Miwaukee during the present weck, MMr. McGroci, who englneered the busineas so successfally, ‘‘knows how It s himgelf," having beea skinned tnors thau once by some of the samo fellows who sro now squealing. It s dog eat doz, and Just now McGeocm sppeara to be the upper quadruped fu the tussle. It ja now more than hinted that, PLANKINTON & AnMOUR, one of the richcst firms fn the West, was the rock azainst which McGeocu leaned through all tho trylng ewmer- geney. The Democracy of Malue, like its prototype in Wisconsin, las been betrayed with the parosysmal kiss of the Natlouals or flat-money« Ites, and has yiclded up all its past record and traditions on tho money question, and been vir- tually swallowed Into tho insatfable maw of the ioflationlsts. Agalnst this combination of ol Jacksonlan, Sub-Treasury, hard-money Demoe- tacy, and the soft-ahell apostics of BAst Canx snd Bex BUTLER, the Republicans have renonil- nated Gov, CONNOR on o bard-money, specdy- resumption, aoti-war clalm platform, aod ars sure to win. e —e— Mr. Jay GouLp's newspaper cannot quite undorstand—notwithstanding its tall tower and ‘pliime colored velvet' coat—how ‘it hibpous that wages out West for harvest-hands are $2.%0 and &3 per day, with plenty. of work, and yet the Greenback-National-Flat-Money party are howling in thelr platforms for “rollef for the workingman.” Mr, JAY GouLb's newspaper docsn't understand thoe case. The averugo workingman's ptatfarm eyerywhere wants *ree Hlet? without work. Strikers often refuso to let men work who are willing to do so at fale wages. —— ——— #Yes," sold ex-Benator, DOOLITTLE, musing- 1y, a8 he walked over to have o {ricodly talk with ex-Scnator TruMnuLL nhout littlo Jis's candldacy for Concress,—*yes, Mrs. JEng3 was right. Politics /s a scienco In Loutsiava. When a fellow goes to s pigger with a knlfe fn one band aud a roll of greenbacks in the other, 1t cvldently moans busluess.” Aud the Judgo heaved a deep sigh as ho meditated upon the probable spuedy downfall of our (rec institu- tious. —————— Gen. QRosE, the Republican candidate for Congress In the 8ixth Indiana Distrlet, in o ree cent speech gave au ilustration of how tho so- called Rebel losses fucreaso dn value, e com- wanded an expedition near Nashville ou one o casion, and destroyed property to the nmount of $10,000; yot the claim presented \vas for $200,000. This fs probably u fafr sumple of the losses sustained and the claims put in for pay- meont. - BitriNg BuLy would like to have. his disabll- {tics removed, his sins forgiven, the fronclad oath suspended in his case, and then he wonld roturn gud run for Congress. In other words, hie would be glad to come back to the seeno of s vld conquests, providea hio can keep all lns ponles, be granted full inwunity, and another chanee wiven him to repeat his cruelties and say- aga uttrocities. The Goverucient bas not yeb Leon able to sse it o the suwe light that Mr. Buri does, 3 Ong of Bax CanY's assertions on the stump 13, that there are 85,000,000 of veople futhy United States without homnes of thelr own! As 1he census tabics of 1870 ahowed that three- fourthe of the familles owned thelr homes, it would follow that the population of thiscountry must exceed 150 willlons, ARy sttributes the scarcity ol homes tu * contraction, snd the remedy for it s an volimited expuasion of lrrv- Qeewmable flat-shluplasters) e Uov, Novzs goes back to Parls as completely Justified as goy honest man could wish of all kuawledge of, or complicity with, the Loulsians. frauds. The Demucratic press, notably the New York Sun, that had so much to asy derogatory to Mistster Novzs before he went before the Porres Committee, Is dumb now sluce the Governor has given Lls testtmony, Not one of the crowad of defamers hias tho wmanliness to say hie was mistaken. e —— The Baltimora Gazelte says that the financual Qisaster that has overtaken Mr. J. H. Mo Vicken, of this city, leaves Mr, Joun T. Fonv, of Baltlwore, the vuly solveut legitimato wao- ager who has run as unluterrupted courss i thls country for a period of twenty-fiye years. All the old managers who were in the field when Mr. Forp begau hls carcer are citber doad or are floancially rulved. e e 1t 1s sald & more popular tickct was never be- fore presented to the people of Texus than the oue receutly nomluated by the late Domocratic State Conveutivn, [t Iv hivtud, ulso, tbat one reason, and perhaps the priticipal one, why It is 80 popular is, that all the caudidstes for Btato offices are old Coufederates, from tho candidate for Governor dowu, e — et It s only proper to remark upon the retire- meut of Mr, W. K. 8ULL1vAN from the Board uf Educauon that bo bas dischasged bis dubes us & wember and as President of tho Board Lulth- fully and eflicicntly, It s & watier for public regret that L telt conytraloed fu bis own loter- est to decline @ reappolntmcnt, which was teus dered him by the Mayor. Hewas well fitted fur the position by education, and twok & coustans