Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 28, 1878, Page 4

Thye Tribmare, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. : BY :um—m ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID. " ly, one ¥y Tarts of & yTAY, per oD 5 WEEKLY EDI110; 1.50 ine copy. por year. G oo, s 330 tpectmea copii : Give Post-Otfice address in full, Including State and County. Lemittances may be made cither by draft, express, TPost-Ofiice order, or In registered letter. at our risk. TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Dzily, delivered. Sunday excepted, 25 cents per week. Dafly, delivered, Sunday fncluded, 30 cents per week. Address . THE TRIBUNE COMPANT, Corner Madlson &nd Dearborn-sts.. Chicago, JUl. Crders for the delivery of TnE Teinv~z at Evanston, Tuglewood, and Hyde Pars teft in the coonting-room will receive prompt ateention. TRIBENE BRANCH OFFICES. Tuix Chicado TrETxx has catabilshed branch offices for the recelpt of subseriptions and advertiscments a3 “wliows: i NEW TORK—Room 29 Tribune Bullding. F.T.Mo- ¥avnes, Manager. i I'ALIS, France—No. 16 Rue de 13 Grange-Batellere. 11 MauLxe, Agent. NDON, Eng.—American Exchange, 449 Strand. FX CITY LODGE, No. 141, A, F. & A. M.— A Degular Communication witl be bield on Wednesday Boeniug. Juiy 31, gt € welock p. in., Members are ! Visitors sravernally Invired. Fosliiedtosprear. Vistors Iy e S, L. L. WADSWORTIL, Secretary. ’Cf)" YmI‘AN g["AJ'TER.e .\"0. 5‘1; ‘"v»;skboe‘; A1 Convocation Motiday evenin, Tiie Mark Decce. Visidlag Companions aro coraiaily Iuvlied. By order 6. . BARNARD, L P. SUNDAY, JULY 1878. 28, In New York on Saturday greenbacks wers steady at 99} in gold and silver coin. There was a shadow of a labor.riot at Washington yesterday,—perhaps the fore- shadowing of the much-heralded 15th August. . The Chinese Ambassedor who landed in San Franeisco yesterday must have felt him- self in a hostile as well as a*strange country. The Kramvcy-Anti-Chinese crowd on the’ docks greeted him with groans and scowling locks. The New York Custom-House Ring, it is {o be hoped, is now thoronghly broken. An evidence of its close alliance with Tammany appesred yesterday in the appointment,'by the Board of Police, of a late employe of the Custom-House to the position of Chief of the Bureau of Elections, where he will have a wider field to display his talents as a political roper-in and manipulator in the in- terests of the CoNErNG gang. The Porrer Committes yesterday exam- ined ex-Congressman Aforey, of Lonisians, Gen. SypEER, and ex-Senator Truamury, of Illinois, without reaching any material fucts, In discourngement and gloom the Commit- tee paid its hotel bills and left for New York, where ex-Gov. Parazm, of this State, will have an opportunity to shed some more darkness upon the obscure subject which this Committee is alleged to beinvestigating. — e The Chairman of the General Committes of the National Greenback Labor Organiza- tion is one Walter H. Shupe. . He was party in a snit that was- tried yesterday in-New York City, and testified that he had no prop- erty, and that he was employed ss editor of the Adrocate at $20 a week. Another wit- ness declared his readiness to prove that the Advocate is not oll that it should be, and thet Shupe is not the besu-ideal of an editor of the Greenback Labor organ and Chairman of a National Committee. B A dispatch from Bucharest says there is a considerable party in Servia which, despair- ing of acquiring Bosnia, would prefer an- nexation to Austria rather than remain an insignificant State. This would be the most. sensible solution of the problem. Instead of being a petty State, surronnded by stronger TPowers ready to seize upon her at any time, she would become part ‘of & grest Empire, and receiva protection, and at the ‘same time would enhance the interests of her own people by erecting a powerful Slavic Empire in Eastern Europe. .With the addition of Servia to Austria, besides Bosnia, the Hun- gariuns would be in a small minority. — A correspondent of the New York T'ribune, who claims to be well posted, haslearned that in Pennsylvania there arestrong probabilities of 2 more formidable Communist strike next month than the one that occurred a year ago. The trouble is to begin in Pennsylvania, as it did before, and the virus of the malady has its origin there; but those engaged in it hope to make it extend to other States and spread it over so much territory that the suthorities, State and Natjonal, will be powerless to sup- press it The alleged strike is to be made simultaneously, on the railroads, in *he mines, and in many of the largest manufacturing establishments, in nearly all the Northern States, and the correspondent believes that the nttempt to carry out this high-handed plan will be consummated unless the local authorities arg on the alert. An interesting experiment in street-paving hins been made cn Dearborn street, just in {ront of Tae Tumouse Building. It consists of laying flagstones as o foundation for the Llock pavement, instead of boards or the usual loose earth. The flagstones sre laid ina bed of sand, the blocks placed upon tlese, tho spaces filled in with gravel, and tar added 5o as to form & sohid cement. It has long been o matter of common remark that our blo:k pavements (admittedly the best in the world if they can be rendered mors dura. ble) wear otit more quickly than they ought 1o by reason of the insecure toundation. The practice has been %o fill up the streets to tho grade with loose earth, then almost inmediately to lsy boards and put down the blocks. This foundation begins 10 give way in places at almost the first use_ of the street, and the displacement of- s sin- sle block'starts a hole, which -soon “widens. out sud makes an opening: for water, that helps rot out-3ll the adjoining pavement. The water alsb comegap. from below;through: thio boards. If theMugstoses will vent a1l this, thers is no doubt that the block pavement will remain in-godd ‘eandition for scveral years lopger than it usuaily d and the g8 i ‘themselves wiltie aherd D00 w2 e pAVE: =zcnl can be laid at, the bare éost of new blocks and labor. _Fhe result of ‘this experi- ment, embracing- twenty-five front feet at the corner of Dearborn and Madison streets, will be’ watéhed with i by Chicago people, for flazsiones, can’ be procured and laid in all cases at & very small cost, and_ they may insure the adherence of Chiugo‘,flg“.tbe block pavement, which is so immeasu:,:’.fi; superior io stone pavement [LEY g (%4 | profit in overy way excopt durability.. We beliove the prosent flagstones have been Inid ata cost of $1.85 per square ‘yard, s0’ that ,the expense is insignificant if tire result justi- :|'fies all that is claimed for their use,— amounting to only about’ one-quarter more of the entire cost of the pavement, and sup- plying a foundation that will be as good for the second. set of blocks ns it, was for the first. J. H. MoMonrray & :Co. “are, the gen- tlemen who are testing the efficiency of this combination of stone and wood; and.it will be a blessing to Chicago, and- all large cities where flagstones can be procured so cheaply, if the combination -shall give the block pavements'the single quality of dura- bility, which is all they lack of undisputed superiority. ¥ Daring the week the “bulls” in Chicago and Milwaukee have been engineering & corner in the wheat market, and prices have been materially advanced. In the latter city the squeeze has assumed more formida- ble proportions than here. July options were selling here at the close yester- day at §$1.05}@1.06, while in Milwaukes they ranged at $1.12}@1.14. A very large line of shorts for August delivery had been put out on both markets, and for. these op- tions prices advanced in sympathy with the movement for covering the July shorts. On the bulge the bears threw out an additional line, and have since been hammering the market with the hope of hedg- ing sgainst the losses resulting from the July deal. Well-posted operators state that in both cities the lines of July and August shorts amounted to fally 20,000,000 ‘bushels, while the visible supply of all grades of wheat, including that in New York and en route to that city, footed up 2 little over 4,000,000.. The receipts here yesterday were 45,000 bushels, and in Milwaukee about 80,000. Advices from the wheat-growing region yesterday after- noon were in the main less favorable, and the *“bulls " profited thereby by foreing up the market for August options about one- half cent from the lowest point touched during the day. One of the anomalies of the corner is the doctoring of winter wheat 50 as to make it pass inspection as No. 2 spring. Spot winter wheat is now selling at about 10 cents less than spring. By adding twenty bushels or so of the Iatter to a car- load of the former, the rural dealer realizes a of ahout $35 to the car- load, which would not acerne- to ' him were it not for the squeeze which the “ longs ” are giving the *“shorts.” Out of 151 car-londs received here yesterday, 99 were of doctored winter, which passed muster as good No. 2 spring, in accordance with the inspection rules as established by the Warehouse Commissioners. THE PROPOSED INCENDIARY .ORDINANCE, ‘The talk about enabling poor men to build pine cottages in outer wards of the city is extremelyidle. Theexemption of certain dis- tricts from the operations of the fire ordinance is to perpetuste & fatal system of building ‘which is the most costly and - is at best only temporary. The lifeof these wooden buildings is of necessity brief; their eventual destruc- tion by fire is one of the certainties. Every man who erects such a building includes among the probabilities that the house is to be destroyed by fire from within or without. No sooner built, therefore, than he contracts to sell it to the insurance company, and sell- ing property to insurance companies has long since ceased to be either a profitable or a re- munerative business in Chicago. Paying in- surance at double rates on ‘double the value of the property, and finally collecting insur- ancs at one-fourth the value, has been the general experience of the ‘/ poor men” who are seduced into investing their savings 'in these flimsy pine buildings. - The permanent improvement of one-half the area of tha city in the way of honses has been delayed twenty years becanse of the license to build wooden houses. Many districts now covered by the small pine houses of the “poor” have been de- preciated .in value, driven out of the market for permanent investment, and, because of their unproductiveness, been unable to have paved streets, proper drainage, or sufficient water connections. These neighborhoods have been made the refuge of all the old tenements, hauled there from longdistances, patched up, and rented out at exorbitant Tents to the *industrious poor.” Had this class of buildings been prohibited twenty Yyears ago, many districts now covered by incendiary temements, densely populated, and, becauso of the utter want of sanitary care, of proper light and ventilation, the nurseries of sll manner of diseases, would have been occupied by substantial, per- manent brick dwellings, necessitating sewernge, clean salleys, paved streets, and affording comfortable and well-ap- pointed homes for persons of small means. . Proceeding from the centre, thecity would have been extended. regularly in all directions with permanent buildings, block succeeding block instead of being scattered 4s now over an immense area of land, much of which might be profitably in corn or cabbage, with swall potches and settlements, here and there, of pine buildings. The licenss to erect wooden buildings has been of serious injury to the -city in the past by retarding the erection of permanent build- ings; it required two calamitous fires to' induce us to change this policy so far as the erection of new buildings, and it is to be Lhoped Chicago is not now to return to the old, fatel, and costly system. Our case is n6t an exceptional one. Oth- ercities in this and in other countries have been the victims of the delusion of wooden buildings. Generally it required one or more destructive conflagrations to induce people to find safety and absolute protection in a prohibition of wooden buildings. There are more workingmen with families, perhaps, in Philadelphia than in nny other city in this country. It is literslly one vast workshop of men, women, and children laboring in the mills and factories. Most of these people are persons of small means, They are “ poor men ” of that class who, itis represented, want to go out on the open prairie to build homes made of pine wood. Yet. all these people in Philadelphia find “homes in comfortable, well-built, and com- ‘paratively handsome brick buildings, with the sanitary attendants of water, sewerage, and paved streots. "As in Philadelphia so it will be in Chicago. Stop thé wooden build- ing, and the brick buildings will follow. A loes, {-few years hience, when mw‘” B W% hage Rper-annoenisuy-hire and decay 5 mary thousands, necessity will produce the required buildings in brick, and the. wooden cottages and tenements of t6-day will be avoided, and men will wonder why an intelligent Government ever permitted them, or, having done so, why .it did .not. suppress them many years before they were suppressed. . = . The majority of the Committes of the Council to which this scheme was re- ferred has decided to report against it THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY. JULY 23, 1878—SIXTEEN PAGES. They heard the :mth made in favor of building an outer forest of pine timberin a broad belt encircling the city on the south, west, and nortl, 50 8S to distribute an_ equal piupor?ian of danger to all sections. - If the. ¢ poor. men who own lots " want to erect buildings, the difference in the first cost of a brick and, a wooden building will be exceeded in two years _by the increased outlay for . painting, ' repairs, and insurance on the wooden one. While the value of the pine building will suffer an an- nual depreciation, and the value of lots in the neighborhood will decline each time. 8 new building is put up, the value of brick buildings, and of the land on which | they are built, will rapidly and permanently inerease. There is, therefore, no present saving of expenditure, but an eventual loss, in any “poor man owning a lot ” building a pine house to live in. The report of the Committes will come before the Council ‘to- morrow evening, and we trust that, for the sake of the city credit, for the sake of those who have expended hundreds of mill- ions for property under the public pledge that there shall be no more wooden build- ings, and for the sake of those already own. g wooden buildings, the peril to which will be increased by an extension of the amount of inflammable material placed in the very line of danger, and for the sake of the gen- eral interests of the city, the Council will emphaticelly reject the whole scheme, * THE S0UTH CAROLINA REVENUE CON- The revenue complication in ‘Sonth Caro- lina is rapidly coming to a herd, and now promises to involve a direct conflict of force between the National and State authority. Tho antecedent circumstances are briefly as follows : The revenue officers were recently ordered to arrest dome illicit distillers for making and selling whisky with- out paying the tax. In attempt- ing to ecarry out their instructions the ‘“‘moonshiners” resisted the officers. There was firing on both sides, and some of the former were shot, as might naturally have been expected. Thereupon the State anthorities arrested the four revenue officers and imprisoned them, to await trial upon the charge of murder. As they were acting under national authority in enforcing the law of Congress, the Federal authorities demanded that their cases ‘should ba trans- ferred to the United States Courts. Tha United States District-Attorney of South Carolina ordered & writ of habeas corpus, but the Sheriff of the county refused to recog- nize the writ. In this dilemms, the case was brought before the President, Attorney- General, Sicretary of State, and Revenue Commissioner, and, as the resnlt of the conferonce, it was decided to assert the au- thority of the Government st any hazard, release the prisoners, and bring them beforo the United States Court for a hearing. . The decision was arrived at by the firm position of Secretary Evarts, who opposed the dispo- sition of the President to let the case go up on appeal to the State Supreme Court, the action of which would undoubtedly have made the collection of revenus in the South impossible except’ by force. Secretary Evar?s was right in his position. Itis the old question over again of State Sovereignty secking to override the'authority of the National Government, and ,the conflict is threatened in the old quariers where, in years past, Calhounism sought to establish itself. If the battle has . fought over agnin there is no better time'to ‘do it than now and no better place’ thar South Caro- linn. The Government’,ghould make no half-way work or compromise; but end the conflict of authority at once by sending suffi- cient force to accomplish its. purpose, and stamp cut this new attempt at- nullification before it gains any further headway. THE PROPOSED CHRISTIAN REUNION. In Thursday’s issue werd printed the details of a scheme for reuniting the Anglican, Greek, and Roman Churches, which is said to have originated in the fertile imagination of Lord Bracoxsrrerp., The proposition which he is said to have made to Cardinal MansNe was that the Papal See should transfer the seat of its authority from Rome to Jerusalem, on condition that the Holy City and places, and, if necessary, the whole of Palestine, be transferred to it by the Powers, with guarantees for its perfect inde- pendence ,and security. With this accom- plished, the next step would be the healing of the schism between the Greek and Roman Churches, which BracossFieLp thought could be easily accomplished, as he had reason to believe that the Greek theologians were ready with formulas that would enable them to accept the small matters of disci- pline and the four points of dogma, namely: the Filiogue, the Immaculate Conception, Tofallibility, and the supremacy of the Boman Pontif as the first - Bishop of Christendom,—these being the only points of separation. Having made this union, the Pope could issue & brief announcing it, and, to cement it, would appoint as Cardinals the Patriarchs and Archimandriates of the Greek Church. The reunion thus thoroughly per- fected, Lord BeacoxsFrerp had no doubt it would be followed by a very general move- ment in the same direction by the Anglican Church, between which and the Roman Church there are no essential doctrinal dif- ferences, and also a Iarge accession from the Orthodox Lutheran Church. Meaniwhile, the Jews would be pleased, since those dwelling in the Holy Land would enjoy equality and security. So far as the elections of Pontiffs are concerned, Leo XIIL should be suc- ceeded by one selected from the Greek Patri- archs, and the latter by one from the Angli- cans, and 50 on in secula seculorum. Such are the outlines of this remarkable project. There has as' yet been no official evidence that any such proposition has been made by Lord BEACONSFIELD to the digni- tartes of the three churches. The whole scheme may have originated in the busy brain of the London correspondent who first furnished the details of it to the New Yors Graplic, but there is this ta be said in defense of its reality: that it is exactly like Bracoverrzrp. - Heis & man of remarkably fertile imagination, and a statesman whose ideas are’ always of an innovating cliaracter. In keeping with this, he is fond of surprises. He is always doing something. As one of his characters in “ Contarini Fleming ™ says, his idea of shccess is 4, create. - Thathe should’ tarn his eyes to oly Ewiat 10 imatters of igi ot "any-more. ¥emarkable than d them'there when he began to forecast-.the future possibilities of ‘defend. ing India’ against the sggrandizements of Russia. .- He is Oriental in his origin‘'and sn all his modes of action. The ‘warmth and passion” ;of the”*Esst ' characterized bhim s o novelist, and ' the - same _conditions euliven and embellsh the conven- tionality and cold-bloodedness of " diplomacy. 8s it is generally practiced in Europe. Noth- ing would please him better than to be the centre figare in a grand religious pagennt at Jerusalem, consequent upon the union of theithree greatchurchgs~ Politically, such a uaion would' also be gratifying to him, since it would ‘Be accomplishied under English auspices; and England would_be the arbiter, having possession of ‘thé Holy Land for the first time since Broxnmy hunted for Rromann THE LroN-Heartep in* his Palestine prison. It would only be through England's edict that the Holy Land cowld be thrown open ond set apart as the hqm'a'of the Pope of the Universal Church. ' . In his interview with' Cardinal MaxsING, it is stated Lord BrAcoN&rrELD said sach & union wonld organize a church of not less then 815,000,000 souls,”and that its action sgainst the rising tide of ‘infidelity would bs simply irresisiible. Would such be the case? If infidelity were.an organism so con- contrated that it conld be struck hard blows, undoubtedly it could not prevail against such a_triple alliance, and“would soon be extin- guished; but it is ngt an organism. Free thinking has no orgenized existance. It has neither leader nor bnnx;ni:. It sends out no missionaries, has no itinoracy. It does not wor- ship in churches nor propagate by sermons. It has neither creed norsect. It is only a sentiment. - There is no fule governing any particlar case. The “conditions of belief or non-belief grow outof individual investi- gation, and are not influenced or controlled by the guidings of organizations. There is no past to free thought, no doctors or fa- thers in infidelity. The whole tendency of modern thought is to break away from dog- mas, to accept the teachings of science, and to reject everything in religion that does not square with those feachings. The pro-. posed church union ‘would find that the majority of the male’ population in Ger- many have thrown dogmas to the winds. It would also find the same to be largely true in France, Italy, Belgium, and Switzerland, that serious inroads have' been made upon established croeds in Spain, Austria, and the TUnited States, and that Russia is full of in- fidelity in the form of (Nihilism. In the cases of the minor Protestant sects, there would be something tangible for the new alliance to seize and work upon, but how to get at the intangible, unorganized legions of free-thinkers, and convert them back to orthodox dogms, is a’serious maiter that would tax the mental resources and sugges- tions of greater men than BeACONSFIELD. DON'T DO IT. . The announcement that Mrs. TruToN is entertaining & proposition to enter the lect- ure-field and discourss upon * The Fall of Woman ” at 3100 a night will strike the gen- eral public as the most: repulsive and odious feature of the Brooklyn scandal that has yot come to thesurface. ‘There have been many sides to this nasty affair/ but this is the most loathsome of all, and the very first impulse of every decent person will be to say to Mrs. Truros, ““Don’t doit.” If shehas any woman- ly feeling left she must shrink from going before'an sudience of prurient women and lascivious loafers,—for it. is only these two classes who will give her a hearing,—even though it may give her a public opportunity of smirching her alleged .paramour. If she is at all acquainted with' public sentiment, or if she has even a superficial knowledge of human nature, she ought to know that nothing could be mors abhorrent than uch anvexhibition. If she has any friends to whose advice she will listen they should urge her to retire from the public gaze and maintain eternal silence, at least so far as the odious scandal with which her name is connected is doncerned, and not drag its disgnsting datails before the public sgain. They ought to tell her that nothing could be more repulsive or unwomanly than for her, the undivorced wife of 8 man whom she confesses to have wronged, to go before ‘the public and tell the story of her amours with & prominent clergyman, who has under oath and persistently denied the charge, and succeeded in impressing fully one-half of the community with the belief in his innocence; that nothing could be more disgusting than a repetition’ of her con- tradictions, denials, and ‘confessions, or the snivel, and whine, and cant of pions prudery and morbid maudliness; and that the pub- lic has lost all interest in the question of her guilt or her innocence, snd has no sym- pathy with any of the unwholesome crowd. This ‘sbhorrence of tho scandal and the parties connected with it has become 50 pro- nounced that it is doubtful whether Mrs, ‘Truto conld carry ont her contract, even if she were so disposed. = Her very first lecture would probably end in 4 visitation from a committee of indignant women ordering her to desist from her anwomanly business with an emphasis that would put an end at once to. her unsavory engagements. It may be urged by her lecture ngent, who hopes to trade upon: prurient prud- ery and profit by - vulgar curiosity, that Mr. Beecmer lectures before large and fashionable audiences, and makes & grent deal of money by it. So!'he does; but the two cases are different.’ Mr. Bercmer has never admitted the truth of the charges against him,—on the other hand, has stoutly denied them, and, it must be confesged, hag succeeded in making o great many other veople believe he is innocent, in the face of very strong circumstantial evidence and very damaging documents. Again, even if Mr. BexceER is guilty, he does not lecturs upon the scandal, but upon topices in which people are interested. His lectureés have no reference to those days when hs was in the ‘cave of gloom,"” and on the * ragged edge,” and ““even wished that he Were dead.” How- ever tempting it may be to M. BEECHER as o very poeticel sentimentalist to rhapsodize over the white-souled Er1zasrrs, whom he found Iying in “pale and sniatly repose like a cathedral efligy,” he discreetly maintaing silence sbout it, and talks to people on subjects upon which he is qualified to speak, without violating propriety. A parallel case might be instituted if we reverso the situa- tion. If Mr. Beecrer had first denied any criminal intimacy with Mis. T'rw10N, and had subsequéntly made a confession affirming it, Mrs. ‘Frurox denying it under oath, and then taken himself to the rostrum to tell people about his amours, the cases would have been similar, but the result would probably have been. differenf. Instend of -being ordered not to lecturs -any more; or being carried out of town “on a‘rail, ‘some ong, , would “probably * shoot "him for assail. ‘ing'a defenseless wom ith charges she d.eelared to be false. _If Mra. Trmrox wishes 10 lecture, there, is but one- ‘way to profit by \hernotoriety, and that is to compete with Mr. Beroties as a public curiosity upon any Sub- Ject not connected with thia scandal in which she hes figured 80 promihéntly. She might’ lecture upon fgwers, or poetry, or pajnting. pottery ; or he inconsequential husband, Who seems eagerto win the | dollars of. our, f:;f:lgem cut of . his notoriety, might write her 8 lecture: npon the Gaod/-the True, and the' Beantifal, and let her deliver it; but there is 10 other way in which sHe can exhibit her- self withont suffering tile'risk of emphatic | public condemniation. - For. the sake of her | was to subjéct all. communiops to the State.’ -actly opposite result it produced from what-|. it intended,, Tostead ‘of subordinating the Church to the State; it very nerly succeeded in subordinating tho- State to the Church, and in reality made one Church—the Cath- olic—almost despotic in France. . M.:Tarxe illustrates this by the statistics of one dio- cese;,—that of Besancon. ‘He says: “In 1789 there were 1,500 benefices of various sorts under the Archbishop’s - jurisdiction, but he had the right of = presentation’ to less than 100; the King, the ownersof ad- vowsons, and various chapters and monas- teries, presented to the rest. At the present .moment the Archbishop nominates the whole of the clergy of parishes, whether- they are (o8 we should sasy) rectors, vicars, or curates; and nine priests ont of every ten are removable by him at pleasure. This im- mense power makes the Archbishop not only a religious despot, but a civil authority of the first order.” Heo still further goes on and asserts of his own knowledge that from 1850 to 1860 no lay functionary was ap~ pointed in that diocese without the ‘consent of the Archbishop, thus excluding-every person from civil offics who was not in favor with his spiritnal superior. So far from be- ing religious liberty, this will be regarded by most people as religious despotism of the severest sorf. g . The Poll-Mall Budget makes & very strong argument also sgainst M. Leworxse’s claim, by showing that religious freedom in En- gland has consisted in the gradual relaxation of the principle established by the French Assembly, and that this principle was as- serted in England 'two and a half centuries earlier than in France. Itshows that just in proportion as it has been proved that Non- conformists were not dangerous to the State, disabilities have been removed, the Inst to be emancipated being the Catholics and the Jews. Upon this point it says: s el To I The rogurion ot Thn PO dissent from the opinions of 8 dominant sect than the gradual relaxation of civil authority over re- ligious acts. - The advantage of the process—which is’ no doubt cxtremely different from ansthing which has occarred in France—is that it has gone on continnously, and withont check or retrogres- gion, and also 'that it proved for the first time somethine which the French experience, ending in the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, secmed to have disproved, —the possibility of the peacefal co- - existence of & number of sccts under the shelter of | the same civil institutions. This last fact is the one which made such strong fmpression on the minds of VoLTaIrE and his contemporaries, though M. LEMOINNE scems to deny Its mpnmnecsi. 58 ‘Whatever claims France may advance to the establishment of religions lLiberty, or to the gift fo the world of anything that re- sembles it, we think it will be very generally conceded that her grounds for such an as- sumption are very flimsy. The great ques. tion, as it seems to us, is not ‘what nation Aas given the world religious liberty, but what nation will give it. Three nations of Europe are now fighting the civil ascendency of the Catholic Church,—France, Italy, and Germany. - French; Republicanism is young,: but it has- already com- menced the inevitable struggle against o Church which is seeking to use it in its own interests; and in Italy and Germany the whole religious world isina “storm and stress” period. It will be time to discuss the claims of nations to the establishment of religious liberty when religions: liberty - is established so thoroughly that conflicts with the Stete and internal - inter-communion strugglés are unknown. THE SUN MOVES, AS SEEN IN JAPAN. Two Buddhist priests have caused a riot in Yokohama by teaching that the earth stands still and the sun moves around it. . In the old days this would have caused no riot, be-| cause it is the strictly orthodox belief, ac: cording to Buddha. ', But on the occasion in question skeptical students were pres- ent. They hod seen life in Farope and America, had picked up, perhaps, a smatter-. ing of science, and kmew what was whht. They were not going to believe that the | moved around the earth, on the authority of apriest. More than this: they eould not sit still patiently and listen to the propaga- tion of error. So they spoke ont in meeting. They showed the Buddhist priests that they. were wrong, and why they were wrong. - All the indisputable evidences that the earth moved around the sun were brought forward. The priestswere left not a leg to stand on.. Bat, as often happens when parsons ara worsted in con- troversy, the priests of Buddha would not confess that they were vanquished. They argued on. The more desperate their case seemed, the more determined they were to ‘proveit; and they proved itatlast by 8p- pealing to the mob, as in the old days when Paur appealed to Czsir. The consequence was that the students had .their heads broken. 2 There is & lesson and a moral in all this even for this generation,—a generation, by the way, which considers itself pretty well up in . sstronomy. Is not this, in- deed, the age in which every com- .| pleto newspaper has its own astronomer, and every incomplete newspaper ‘employs men whom it calls astronomers? Have we not been reading only during the week past of the wrath of certain of these astronomers, and was it not established that only one of them—Txe Trinu~e's astrongmer, of conrse —knew anything about the science? The rivals were shown to be, by invective which we consider quite perfect in its way, imi- tators of the original,—men who hadlearned all they knew ritting at his feet, and un- gratefully smote the hand that licked them. Now, in some respects, the Japanese method is better than our own. 'Their astronom- ical disputes are settled by an appeal to the ballot. They have virtually introduced the principle of universal suffrage into sei- ence. By ashow of hands or a secret ballot they have decided that the sun skall move around the earth, and it will accordingly so move until further notice. It seems at first sight that this introduction of the ballot into science is a purely Japanese invention, but, on reflection, the fact seems to be otherwise. The credit, if credit it be, .of this glorious achievement properly belongs to the Anglo- Saxon race, which we have always maintain- ed, and are still free to maintain, is per sethe race from which invention naturaily springs. This Anglo-Saxon race has introduced the free vote in a'science more complicated and perplexing even than astronomy—the science, namely, of government. Astronomy.deals, it is'true, with the:facts farthest from us, and governmsnt with thos ‘nedrsst to_ iis, or even in somé cases with parts of- our.con- sciousness; but the difficulty of dealing wi thé latter is far grenter than 'that ' of ‘under. standing the former.. For the farther .our- fagtsare from us'the easier it is to 'separate them from the insfrument uséd in discerning, ‘measuring, and-analyzing the: facts are mingled'with our” oy ness, ‘they are, apt to p: children, if for no other reason, she should devote her remaining days to the solaces of solitude and silence, and not cast any deeper shadow over the; f PROTECTION AGAINST SEWER-GAS, Some weeks ago TrE TRIBUNE gave an gc- count of certain practical experiments that had been made in New York with a view to overcoming the gteni\socinl pest of sewer- gas. Tho - conclusion' redched from thoss experiments, as indeed from all recent inves- tigation of the subject, was that all the de- vices of plumbers, in_the shape of .patent traps, though they may afford temporary relief or some protection, fail to exclude the more insidious gases, and that ventilation alone is an adequate remedy. We instanced at the time one or two cases in which relief had been found in private houses, after the plumbers had tried in vain to provide it, by connecting the soil-drain .with ‘a house- chimney, and thus affording the' gases an ecasy and natural dvenue of escape. Since then Tay TriBuNE has had occasion to apply this principle of ventilation on a larger scale, and the experiment has resulted so success- fally that we do not- feel warranted in with- holding it from the public. £ Tae Trsuxe Bmlding is five stories high above the basement, and on each story thers is a range of closets, built in a tier from the basement up. The building, as is well known, was provided with all the recent im- provements, and it was supposed that there ‘was ample protection’ against the sewer-gas. This proved to be a mistake, as is genernlly the case. For four or five years divers and sundry plumbers have been employed, nearly every one of the type described by Duprey WARNER in his Summer-Garden book. The closets were properly constructed, with water provided from large iron tanks above, running down a large pipe at the side; and washing out all the closets into a large iron waste-pipe which connected with the sewer below. But incessant tinkering and manifold patent traps failed to overcome the disagreeable and delsterious visitation of ¢ fixed air ” and sewer-gas. Finally it was suggested to try the principle of ventilation on the simpleat and least expensive plan. The large iron waste-pipe was tapped above the highest tier of closets, and an escape-pipe of the same size was attached and runinto a large chimney close by. This change was made at comparatively small cost, and, from the very moment that the opening was com- plete, there was and has been,aver since ab- solute freedom from the noxfons efffuvia in the closets. This waste-pipe had been run up into the water-tank above, where a trap protected the exit of the gas; it was practi- cally a pipe without any opening except into the street-drain below, and con- sequently the gases foroed an exit through the closet-traps. Itis probable that, when the wind was in the right direction, the gases emitted into the halls of Tar TrsuNe Building were not merely those generated in the closets of this building, but also those from other buildings. forced up through the drain. Bat, while these gases find a ca- pacious four-inch escape, leading into a chimney, and s0 carried sbove the roof of the building into the open air (where they become innocuous); they naturally seek this easy outlet, and avoid the traps, that thus become effective for protecting the interior of the building, though. they had previously been almost worthless. In nearly every hotel and large building in Chicago thera are closets on each floor, con- ‘structed in about tha:same fashion as those in Tee Trmuse Biilding; and we venture assertion . that, . nine . out of ten, there is constant ‘cause of complaint. Even in cases whers tiere is not always evi- deuce of sewer-gas by: the smell, the gas es- capes into the building, and the odorless gases are said to b the most hurtfal. We believe the remedy adopted in Tar TrrsuNe Building is complete. The trial has been made in some cnses by attaching a ventilat- ing-pipe below ; bt this affords protection from the street-setver only, while an escape a8t the top includes all the gases in the build- ing as well as those which come from ent- side. .In nearly every case il will be practicable to extend the soil-pipe to the upper story and into a chimney, which has the advantage of furnishing a draft to assist in carrying off the gases: but, where this cannot well be done, then an extension of the soil-pipe should be run up through the roof. The remedy can bé, and should be, applied 1n boarding-houses and private dwellings as well ashotels and the largerbusinessand tenement buildings; and plambers who will turn their attention.fo this matter may find it a consid- erable source of revenue, while the Health Commissioner should give it attention and encouragement in the interest of the general sanitary condition of the city. RELIGIOUS LIBERTY. A curious but very interesting discussion has lately sprung np in France and England, which has engiged the attention of several eminent writers aud historians, upon the source to which the world is indebted for re- ligious liberty. The world has been accus- tomed to date religious liberty back to the Reformation; but M. Jomy Lemorsye, a prominent French writer, in a series of arti- cles printed in the Journal des Debats, claims that it was not England and the Reforma- tion, but France and the Revolution, that gave this great blessing to the world ; and it is this assertion that has roused up the theo- logians and historians and arrayed them up- on erther side of the question. M. Leaorsne's claim is based upon the status of the French Chambers elected between 1815 and 1830, which, although they wera. characterized by a religious bigotry as fanatical as their political animosities, nevertheless were thrown open alike to Catholics, Protestants, and Jews. At the same period, in England, no Catholic or Jew could sit m Parliament, nor could a Dissenter. perform any public duty except by virtue of the Sacrament taken according to the rites of the Established Church. * M. Tamg, the well-known writer, bimself a Frenchman, has made a very sharp oriticism upon M. LEMorNse’s position. He concedes that the French Constituent As- sembly did establish something: that looked on the surface very -much like religious equality, but that the real system was almost the exact reverse of this, since the intention Tha very essence of - the Revolution was ths Social Compact, or the dogma that there can be nothing in.the community except’ the'. State_sod’ the, mixed multitude” of citi Zzens,—no organized.sect, church, .or corpo- ration. Hence, nccording to M, Taryg, tha | de of the Assembly”yas,** to' turn the min,| at it was ah equality of subordination and an ‘equal freedom, not ns’ churches or communions, but as departments of the Government. The most curious feat- ure of this dction of the Assembly is the cx- only put factsin astronomy to vote, while the former hqve pat the science and 'ethics of government up for' determination by the common voice of the populace. o ] W,“ maf be pardoned, perhaps, for follow- .ing a train of - thought to an illoging gt % = untrae conclusion, if it can ba showy " B8 st the Jnm:;e, after all, are not go WA that iy wrong as they appear to bs. Compatatiyay et speaking, thoy are hardly worss off than 4 bt immense body of our own fellow-cits; = s It is only a few years sins g Bug. ?:J: dhist priest had a controversy | wigy Jut Ohristian missionary near Ceylon, ang g ol the former maintained that Mahmezy— gy ecl Buddhist mountain, 1,844,000 mileg e could not exist-on the the } Mo roplied that the Newlonian thetny e alrendy discarded by intelligent Engligh m":. 3 In support of his position he Produced gy gu' handed around * The New Principia.» art J. Mornsos, F. A. 8. L, publishe3 in’ Lo rec don. Mr. MormmoN did, indeed, attempt En to prove that the Newtonian wl was incorrect, but we are- not e formed that . he ever gubscribed & the dootrine of Malimern. This aig L b however, prevent him from Buddhist gentleman out of 8 tight place; Still more appositeis the case of the Rey, Mr. JaspEr,- colored,—of Virginia, w8 be lieve,~who recently proved to the mnf,c, tion of himself and his entirs congrepatioy: precisely the proposition whichthe Buddhist: priests of Japan maintained. There Were i his neighborhood, too, rash yonth who can. tradicted him, as the Japanese skeptics am. tradicted their- spiritual - advigers, Thegs' skeptics in America were -no ‘donbt the colored youth who have been * ted® and whose portraits have of late been m‘ faithfully reproduced in Harper's Weeky, W‘ith 8 case 50 precisely similarin our ow; 8§ midst, can we afford to vaunt our superiority to the Japanese? We should. rather. en. i deavor with-all dus appreciation to acknogt - e edge their faithfal following in the track of ey civilization, and prticularly their taking gy = of the old conflict between religion and sciency ing where it was left by Earopa fonr centurisg t 2go. They have skipped the persecutions of. :;’( the former centuries with such admirabls Ar courage and haste in their endeavors to maky’ Tr up lost ground that it is reasonable to hope they will in a few years more cover ‘all § ground that still remains between them aid" the us. After all, what shall it profit the trs 3: Buddhist if he gain knowledge and los ! promise of Nirvana which his religion gives; % Science, in its march upon false religions, 1 bardly less merciless than religions theps it selves warring against each other. Tt mt simply no room for beantiful beliefs. De Z it The Okalora Statesman, 8 Democratic pae, printed in Mississippl, bas receotly given somed s thedetails of the revolution which the Sout] tw Doses to inangurate in 1881 in case a Dem vl President fs elected. The paper in questiog at 2n insignificant one, but inits veryinsignif au Hes the importance of its statements. It the -small that the Boutbern Contederates have: - g thought it necessary to warn it to be carefu), 3oL, it talks right out what i thinks, reflects wi 8oL other people are thinking about, not what o are sayiug, and puts boldly upon recond QU the Contederate leaders intend to do if they P once get the reins in their bands. It is an = teresting programme. Here are the three grest of reforms that it says will be carried out * 3 [ uttermost letter and svllable™: - i lse, 1. The Republic will be divested of the powess i that it has usurped from the States smce 1801 Taa ent resersed rights of the several Commonwealths da the Federal Union will be recognized in thelr': 2 widest scope and range. 1na word, the CaLuocy. theory will be put in practice, while Websterlm’ lin will be torn up raot and branch, and destroyed for< e O The unconstitational amendments will be re. 2 pealed, and tho Constitation will. thus be restored to jts primitive vigor, the ballot-box punfied. nd: st poiitica _redeemed in an unlimited messure from o the - demoralizing’ influence’ of Inoraat;’ vicious? ;fl e Nattonay ™ Banks will ve lsrelad ot pat the dust, the United States bozds will'be taxed, 1 ana the graenback will be mude a legal-toader for” - every dollar of pablic indebtednesa. ~ - e To the violent and malicious uttérape fer this treasonable sheet there i3 but one aasw cut tnat can be made: - If a Democratic President is elected and takes his seat in 1531, apd if; o= \ der his Administration, an attempt is made Sta carry out any such revolution, then the Nor the ern veople will agaiu raise their old war, o and, if necessary, resort to arms under their old bar Iéaders and banners, and pat down treason by bac force, as they did in 1861. There never. willbe. dis atime when-the Northern people: will stand, e calmly by and see the constftutional amend- ‘use ments securing freedom'to the colored pecple this country revoked, or the wretched dogma I Calhounism put in operation to supplant ent destroy the National Government. If there an: any patriotism left in the South,—if it has bot~: w estly accepted the results of the War, and ] ma decided to remaiu’fn the Union and abide bythe: Po. Constitution,—it will find some way of rebukiog: ~Me this treasonable blatherskite. : :;fl c —— The London Scetator makes a guotation ¢ 7 Scripture which it applies to the Berlin- Con~’ : Rress—thus: h :(0 The theologians have discovered a prophect what has happetied a¢ Berlin in the eight chapter Fo of Zechariah, acd the last verso: **In those dss 5 it shall come to pass that ten men shall utzm‘ A out of oll lanzunges of the narions,—even shalll . take hold of the skirt of him that isa Jew, say-" wh ing, We will 20 with you; for we have heard thit e Gop is with yoo." The contention s that the: Ba are ten langnages *‘of the nations”™ represent at Berlin, —being, we suppose. @erman. Englis Russian, French, Ttaliax, Tarkish. Greek. Rou: 1 manian, Serb, and Magyar, thoueh we fanet. Co would be easy, looking 1o the excessively com: Sot Dosite natnre of Austria, to make up more. oy ather slignt difficulty as to the prophecy is, that o ail prooability the lead at tho Congress has not b7 yo any means been Lord Bzacoxsvizo's, and ®oc less the motive forfollowing his lead, sofaras itwes' Bay followed. that bellet in th Divine guldanceof. Lot nar BEACONSFIELD which Is hero suzvested. B sidering the diMeulty of inding prophecies whieh', have any sort of seeming reference to the moden ¢ conditions of things, the passage may be admil fo be curious, and 'the npplication found for Ingenions. ! the e i Io It {5 not encouraging for a young man to legfé thy a profitable busfucss and go down to Washist” Co ton, seeking a clerkship in either of the Departe, Be ments. A correspondent tells how bard it 1810%; 1 these kind of people to get anything to do: : Conspicuonsly tacked up over the door fn Secres fary Scuunz's waliting-room are tuese wWorde: o ** There are no vacancies in this Department. A] plicants cannot be seen.” It fanot promisiag, 3 op point of fact, It wonld dasnt almost anybody BUt3 Sc sewing-machine agent. But vour chronic ol = seeker comes to have the cheek of a church beggts. after he practices awhile. In spite of the discour; DB aging notice, the Secretary’s waiting-room hm 1ot Iree from applicants for office an Liour in the t Aund sucn o lot gs theyare. Shmy, old, E7sf- headed dfl:{-bea;:fl. \;ith r:d ;fi:fl 2 ;l;sp‘v:l' yous, H dl th eoft hands and s i ol women, with battered bounets: inorant young "V women, with bold, - anrefined faccs; all these 337 n more come and sit by the hour waising, erery S50 i pression puckered out of their faces. 1ne st sharp. crosu look of determination. . Al the 280 : acowl at each new comer a9 thouyh his af u:'u' i3 a personal 1njuzy, making thelr chance of for Tncle Sam justigpe less. % T o 8 ab, ‘The destructfon of the flouring-niils’st M, oy neapolis Jast spring has given rise to a ble disey, . pate between the mill-owners and the mur?:fl compantes, that will probably have to be set! th by the Courts. The owners want the nz ?o insurance, becouse, a8 they belléve, :the I n caused the explosion, while the nsuran claim that they are not liablefor- explosions, matter.how caused, and demand that 2 wn!fl":r ) A E 1o crable percentage be. deducted.- The Toss:wa¥ B enormous, the destruction of the properts. 0 +Pu plete, and the amount of mopey involved i coutroversy so large that amendiese H‘l‘%‘m is likely..to grow..out of .the uncxplained ¥ is mysterious disaster. - =, Bpi Bits of smoked g]:s;wfll‘bgfl mA dw 3 morrow afernoon at sbonw hall‘pasé ‘4 * iz by those-people - who wish:to see the e th At the proper time, designated oo the the sun will come before the footlignts with & -pale und modest moon on his arm, and; ST , hia making their bow, the per(_ormncevfll o5} mence by his Highness showing - a dark: - on his disc, like a plece chipped ongof’ 3 bOSES.