Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 23, 1878, Page 4

1z THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY. JUNE 23, 1878—SIXTEEN PAGES. belie? which cannot be reconciled with the per it, and vory cheap. No details a3 to prigy 2eata FThe Tribune, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. Y MAIL—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID. atly Edition. one vear. 2.0 A i Remittances may be made either by draft. express, Tosi-Cluce order, orla reglstered letters. al our risk. TERMS TO CITY SULSCRIBERS. Adétess Corrier Madieca ead Dear ; rdcr for the eellvers of THe TENGS: sicwood. sad Hyde Park leftIa e Couutin; Wiirecelve yromt sticution, TRIBUNE BRANCI OFFICES. X ias establtehed branch oflces fvtions aud advertements as TER Cnicaco TEIR for the recelptof & %o NEW FORE ~Room 29 Tribune Engdiaz. F. T Mo- FADUES, - 16 Rue de 1a Grange-Bateltere. -American Exchange. #49 Strand. Agent. AULSCO. Cal.—Palace Tlotel. ek, of Wash Suntav morning, June 23, at 10 Zend the funcral of cur late firothier, C. J. Tae Chifeago Battalion of Patria ais tond i uniform. J0I LINCOLN PARE CIAPTE! Tiail coracr North Ci vocation fay evening, Jusie 1A, Dezire.” VIsitng Compagions cour- Tof L. A. BEEUE, i P. D) 1. 1. K. T.~No Con aext ay evemine. " A weeting for drlll will e held the same cveninz at the Armory. Uader the di- yecticn of the Captain Gencral. mbery 3 Quested to be present. 13y vrder of the Commander. J. . DUNLOP, Recoraer. OF PERFEC- wilt confer te fng nest. | By LAPAYETTE CHAP 0. 2 R AL M. 3r Monroe-st.-—Stuted Convocation Mondas e i, for business and work. sttend. By order ot W. M. REID, H.P. JUNE 1878, SUNDAY, 23, In New York on Saturday greenbacks rated st 99¢ in gold end silver coin. “The Berlin dispatches seem to indicate . that the carving of the European Turkey has boen agreed upon. Russia gracefully sub. mits to the limits placed upon the Bulgarian slice by England, and Austria makes a de- mard for ceven million florins’ worth. What will be left of the ignoble bird will undoubt- edly be faken under the protection of the Dritish lion. The highly-indammable dust which seems o be an unavniduable accowpsniment to the grinding of wheat is once more the cause of o flour-mill dissster. The Muscatine (Tn.) steam-mills were destroyed by fire vesterday morning, inflicting a loss of $30,000. The milling business seems {0 require the seien- tific aid of & Mweuney Davr in order to render it 2 safe one in which to invest. In the brief interviews which our reporters - held with the uns2atenced murderers in the County Jeil, they were unaniwous in the opinion that banging was repulsive, and ex- pressed great sorrow over the (to ihem) untimely cnd of Seriey and Coxvriiy. They all broke down when Snersy bade them good-bye, and, according 1o their own account, fell to erying. The sight was very affecting to them. It is a little remarkeble, however, that in this long row of murderers not one seemed to be ot all affected by his own crime, or axpressed the conviction that there was anything vepulsive in {he murder of o fellow-being. In the sentiment against the gallows and the prejudico against balters they wera nunnimons, and it is no ‘liberal wonder! One marderer can hardly sece an- other hanged and have a good opinion of tke gellows, where he may stand nest. The Indian scare Wisconsin is the re- sult of 3 “ comedy of errors.” A rovival is in progress among the Chippewes on the frontier, under the Auspices of a dusky Brother Moopy from the Sioux. The ortho- dox correspondent prononnces it somewhat inclived to Paganism, because the services require a mysterious dance which iS not in the repertoire of the duncing-master of the period, and is not understood to the settlers, who, therefore, regard it as hostile to their peaca. The Grantsburg Sheriff was incautions enough to discharge a pistol in the oulskirts of the town. The reverberaling echoes became megnified into o volley of muskelry, and the people living iu the vicinity fled for their lives, shoutivg * Tndi- ans," when there wasn't a redskin within five miles of the place. Tie panic that cnsued iz a pitable commant on thu bravery and intclligence of foroign frontiorsmen who have settled in the wilds of Northwest- ern Wisconsiu. Tke Porren Committes was rattled again yesterday, and once more Brrice met his match from the witness-stand. Mrs. Trosas Jesss, the mysterious woman whom the Democrats have 5o long pointéd to as holding the key to the so-called Presidentisl mystery in Louisiana, was beforc the in subjected to a long and sharp ex- &mination. Some of Ampriso’s tes- timony * he corrcbornted, but her ex. planations thereof ouly intensified the Topulation he Las ackieved for being tho most sble-bodied linr under the sun. Byt 18 and Mc3fauox attempted their old tricks of clinfling, but in Mrs. Jexgs they met g witness whom they could neither cajole, confound, norintimidate. She confessed that she dictated the letter which was delivered to Wenzn, and purported to come from Sec. retary Swrmnax. Who wrote the missive she declined to tell, though she did not hesi. tate toavow that ANDERSoN was sincare in Lis conviction that the lotterbore the gen. uine 2utograph of the Sccretary ——— Tne Trmese is enabled to state that the Supreme Court bus agreed upoi an opinion inthe “Nrwoprrry will cose,” It will be remembered that Mr. Newsrezr in his will d.-c\'xsffd that, in case’ his daughters shoglq d{n ‘without issue, his Property should be di- vided, ot the decease of his widow, one. half fo po fo bis reletives, an the D!J.ler to found a free public li. Lrary in the North Division. The widow rn‘nnnnce(_l the provision made for lier in the will, nn_fl in lien thereof took her third of the cstnif, 1n accordance with the statute, The daughters died withont issue. The heirs at Iaw applied to the Court for o distribution of the property, claiming that the widow's re. Dunciation was in law equivalont to hep death. This the Trustess, Mesers, Brarca- Forpand BravLey, denied, on the ground that the testator explicitly limited the distribution to the time of the widow’s demise. Judge WinLtaxns decided in favor of the leirs, Tho case was appealed to the Snopreme Court, and was orally argued last Fsbruary by Messrs. Dexrer and McCaca for tho heirs, and Mossrs. Isgadxr and BoureLLe for the Trustees. The decision of the Lower Court was reversed. Some years st therefora elapse Lefora the North Division will have its own public library. The apinion will be filed in Bpringsield in a short time, The utmost perelty of the law has been called into usein the neighboring Dominion. Winux Vivemax, who murdered an old lady under circumstances of the most revolt- ing character, was banged yesterdny at St. John’s N. B. 'Tne lawlessnoss which has been 50 long allowed to run riot has at last produced a reaction in the minds of law- abiding citizens, and the indiestions now point to an active war of extermination against those who have offended the socinl fabric by the shedding of blood. Speedy trials, short shrifts, and stout ropes are ad- mirable regulators, HOW WAGES ARY AFFECTED BY EX- PENDITURES. 1n the discussion of the subject of the rolative rights, duties, and necessities of workinen and employers, there aro scveral points of direct importaucs which are g crally ignored; and one of theso is the ro- Intion which expenditare must inevitably bear towards wages and incoms,—the im- portance of this relation increasing ns the sum of wages or income is reduced. As a rule, the majority of men in this country— and it may be said of all of those who live by wages or salaries—expend annully the amount of ‘their receipts, In some in- stances this is compulsory, but in all others it is in disregard of the rules of economy, and often the result of a false pride which demnnds that one man must meke as good an appearance in clothes and style as his neighbor. " Itisone of the easicst things in the world to increase the list of our ‘‘ wauts,” and iho growth of these ““wants ” is sure to keep in advance of the incresse of the mears to gratify them. The proportion of men out- side of the farming community whose whole income is derived from daily, weekly, or monthly salarics or wages, is 50 large to the number of those whose gains or incomes are otlierwise obtained that they may be con- sidered as cOustituting the bulk of all nou- agricultural commiunities, The wages of all employed persons are neo- essarily depondent on the value of the services rendered. The manufacturer pur- chases raw materials at the market price, and employs men to convert by labor, aided by mzchinery, theso raw materials iuto finished fabrics, ready for use and for sals to the consumer. It is impossible for him to fix a price which cousumers must pay him for the goods, es he is met by ths competition of others, and a combination of manufec- turers is unavailing, becanse, when the prico is too great, consumption declines, if it does not cease, and manufacturing suffers. Large soles at small profits nre better for workmen and for proprietor than smal! sales at larger profits. It is nceessary, therefore, for a manufecturer, in order to sell his goods at 8 profit, to limit the cost of production. e, of course, buys Lis material wherehe can get it chespest; he sclects the most perfect machinery; he reduces waste and wear and tear to the minimum ; and not until the very Tast resort does he sttempt to array his inter- ests against those of his workmen by reduc- ing théir wages. That no sensible cmployer ventares on such an act s that until com- pelled by an inability to producs and sell af 2 proit, is a fact no longer to be ignored. In sersons or periods of activity and prosperity, when thero are rapidsales, large consumption, rising markets, sud growing profits, the em- ployer is prepared to psy out o shere of thess profits to- the workmen who sssist him;' and labor js always certain to reap increased wages, and usally its full sbaro of the profits of a rising market. At such times thero is no serious or destructive conflict between em- ployer and employed. But when thero is & falling market, and the employer has to con- tend with a constant decline in the prices which he can obtain for his goods, and is driven to & reduction in every item of ex- penso_entering into the cost of production, there is a conflict the moment that a reduc- tion of wages becomes necessary. Those who shared the profits of the rising market refuse to shere the losses of the falling mar- ket. There is o revolt, a strike, a lock-out, a total suspension of production on one hand and of wages on the other ; and then eapital is denounced as *‘robbery” by labor, and the outcome of such a struggle is the loss of capital and the loss of wnges, with the con- sequent impoverishment, distress, and went, 1t may be safely said that since 1566 there has been a falling market, incident to the close of the War and its exaggerated infla tious of credit, profligate expenditures, destruction, and waste. Since that time prices Liave been gravitating townrds an ante. war standard, aud that standard has been reduced by the inventions, conveniences, and appliances that have come into use in tho long inferval. On the other hand, wages have, despite the combinations and strugiles of labor unions, fallen henvily, and the effect on eapital has been recorded in the numerous bankrupteios and rained fortunes which have taken place, especially since the panic five years ago. 1If labor has suffered by a reduction of nominal wages-or number of dollzrs paid, and in loss of employmont, capital hes perished, or taken wings, loaving destitution, poverty, and helpless wretched - ness in the homes where comfort and affla- encs were ouce considered pertaanent and indestructible. In the prosence of canses and results 5o intimately and directly associated, the mad- ness which asserts that wages, as estimated by the number of dollars, shall never be ro- duced; that employers Lave no Tght to fix the compensation they are able to pay; and that the question of profit has no bearing on the point of cost of production, hardly re- quires argument or illustration. So long ns men must labor, the relations of employer and employed must exist; when employers sre abolished then employment st wages must also cease, and ench man 1ust depend on what he can produce with his’ own unas- sisted hands; and the titic to property, and life itself, mmet depend on the supremacy of physical might over right. The same inflexible Inw which compels the manufacturer, in order ta be able to sell Lis go0ds, toreduce the cost of production, is un- fortunately and too generally ignored by iuen in all occupations in the matter of re- ducing expenditures in proportion to the de- cline in wages. The man accustomed to $0,000 year for his Iabor resents quite as 20, per cent as does the man who re. fuses $1.60 a day in pleee of tho S2 he has vchemently the reduction of bis wages' been accustomed to receive. Both will in- sist with equal energy and feoling that it is impossible for them to live on the reduced compensation, and both will denonnce with equal freedom the despotism of capital which exacts such a sacrifice of labor. Both reject s inadmissible the possibility of reducing their expenditures to mect the roduced wages. Lot us see if such a rednction in the average expenditure of men may notonly be wnde to meet the financial difficalty, but also with great practical benefit in a moral and. physical way. 'There are in Chicago 2,700 places where liguor is sold. ‘Thers are also GO0 places, not including saloons, where tobaceo in all its forms is sold. Ench saloon, after paying ront and other exponses, supports a family, and each place whers to- bacco is sold does tho samo. We speak ox- clusively of retail establishments. It is not extravagant to assume that tho averago sale of liquors of all kinds at each saloon is 50 per week, or 32,600 a yecr, making an aggre- gato of sales at refail in this city of over 7,000,000 & year. Tho expenditure for cigars and tobacco may bo put down at one- Dalf that for liquor, or an aggregate. annual expenditure of $10,500,000 for these two ar- ticles purchased at retail ina year in this city. It may be safely assumed that the retailer’s profits on liquors, and cigars, and tobacco will average 50 por cent on their snles, the profit on liquor being the most, These figures prosent tho econom- ical question in two points of view. The persons who buy liquors at saloons, and cigars and tobacco at retail, conslituto 8 vast majority of those whoso incomes, whether called selaries, or wagos, or earnings, are limited, and are dependent both for amount and continuance on the will of omployers. This class of men, thore- fore, expend fully nine-tenths of the $£10,~ 500,000 2 year for liquors, and cigars, and to- bacco, and of that sum pay ome-half as profit to support the 3,300 retail places in those articles. Take oither view,—310, 000 for liquor and tobacco, or nearly $6,000,- 000 for profit to the denlers in thoss two ar- ticles. We dismiss all suggestion that the use of cither is a personal or family neces- sity ; that will hardly be claimed by any man who insists that his wages or salery are insufiicient for the sypport of himself and family. Even if he had no complaint s to his wages, the expenditure of such an cnor- mous sum—nenrly double the aggregate of the most excessive taxation for State, city, and aff other purposes in one year—is a draft upon the earnings of the wages classes that is wholly inconsistent with the common thrift which should attend personal expenses. What proportion this expenditura for liquor and tobacco bears to the whole earnings of labor, is a question which cach man can measure by his own conduct. The arbitrary withdrawal of $10,500,000 a year from the wages of. the employed classes in this city would be de- nounced as a deprivation of grent magnituds, working tremendous suffering and distress ; Dut the fact that such a sumis voluntarily spent by them—givon away, to the injury of health, loss of time, and frequently at the loss of employment and of wages—is matter to be seriously considered by those who, under the calamity of general finaucial depression, have been brought to the neces- sity of reduced wages, incomes, and earnings. We submit to the men of oll classes dependent upon the business of others to pay wages, whether & portion, and, in many cases, the whole, of the exponditure for liquor and tobacco may pot be ecomomized, and thus made to serve, until better times, to supply the deficiency 1n the family incomo caused by the enforced reduction of wages. The babitual visitor at the saloon finds no diffi- culty in spending 15 or 25 per cent of his earnings; and the habitual smoker, by count- ing up how mauy cigars he smokes and gives away in a week, will be astonished, perhaps, at the large percentage of his wages which he voluntarily puffs away in smoke. The money expended for theso articles is capi- tal,—the accrued earnings of labor. It is what each man has to exhibit for the time, and strength, and skill expended, and for the wear of mind and body. A penny saved is as good as two earned, said Besvaay Frassry. How many thousands of men are there in this city who could save not only pennies but scores of dollars by reducing their whisky-imbibing and cigar-smoking, and save their health and nerves at the same time they saved their LT ‘e SLICING UP TURKEY. If any relisuce can bo placed upon the dispatcles from Berlin, the Anglo-Austrisn agrecment has either compelled Russin to make some extraordinary concessions from her demands as formulated in the San Stefano Treaty, or else Rnssio purposely ex- aggerated her demands in anticipation of the concessions she would be called upon to make, and has thus obtained all that she originally expected. The triple agreement completely changes the Bulgarian boundaries o5 Inid down in tha troaty. The stipulation made by Russia was that the new Bulgaria should include all the present territory north of the Balkans, a corner of Old Servia, a slice of Macedonir, and shout one-half of Toumelia, the latter boing included in the territory bounded north by the Balkans, west by the Carasu River, the eastern frontier boing slong aline stroteling from Durgos, just beyond the suburbs of® Adricuople, sonthwest to Innidje on the Zgean Sea. By this partition Bulgaria would have had an- other port on the Black Sen (Burges), and a port on the Archipelago (Tunidje), and the Turks would have been concentrated on a triangle. that would have had the line from Burgas to Ianidje for its base and Constan~ tinople for the apex. The agresment be- tween {he threo Powers, however, changes all this. 'The frontier of Northern Bulgaria is tho Balkans, its present boundary, and the right is given the Tarks to fortify the Balkau passes, seven in number, and to gar- rison the fortified places, which right thoy have herstofore held. The famous Quadri- lateral is broken up, as Varna, on the Black Sen—a point of great importance to Turkey, asit has quick water communication with Constantinople, and is the northera ter- miuus of one of the Balkan routes—goes to Bulgaria. Thismokes the Balkans hereafter the exterior line of defense for the Turks. Burgas and Sophia are given to Roumelin. The former, sitnated on the Black Sca, will be Tarkey’s northernmost mort, Although it has played no part inthe present war, it will heresfter hold the same relative position to Turkey that Varna hitherto hes, aad, as it possesses a splendid harbor, with anchorage for the largest fleet, it will ‘undoubtedly be strongly fortified. Sophis, on the extreme northwest, is also a place of great impor- tauce to Turkey, as it licson the northern slope of the Balkans, in the centro of her in- land trade, and is on the great route from Coustantinopla’to Western Europe. It is in reality the gatewny of Ronmelia on the west, by which the Turks havo connection not only with their outlying provinces but with all Western Europe. So far as theso provinces aro concerned, its position will make little differenco in the fature, but it will bo 2 matter of pride for the Turks that they hold the old Capital of Bulgaria in their Lands, and that they sre not formally shut out from Europe by land, as thoy would have been bad Sophia been included in Bul- garin. e ininor partitions are also of some im- portance. ILis stated that neither Servia nor Montenegro will be allowed any incraase of territory on the north, but that their compensation will be found on the south. This evidently menns thet they must not oxpect to encroach upon Bosnia and Ilerze- govina, out of deference to Austria,—those two slices being reserved for the latter. Servin's oxtension, therefore, will be in the direction of Old Servia, and Montenegro's in the dircetion of Antivari, which port will be held subject to Austria’s supervision. ‘Tho statement is made, although it 15 somewhat doubiful, that Greeco will obtain somu terri- tory on tho north from Thessaly and Epirus. aud the Iarge and importaut Islund of Creta on the south, which stands watch and werd oyer the entrance to the Xgean. The island ought to belong to her. Its pop- ulation is over five-oighths Groek, and much of Greek history and nearly all the Grecian myths have their origin there. The exten- sion north ought to go up to the 40th parallel, and restore to her Mounts Pindus and Olym- pus. The only other changes of importance are the cession of the Dobrudjs, down to Trajan’s Wall, to Roumelia, in exchange for tho Bessarabian strip, which is returned to Russia, and gives Ler once more eccgss to the mouth of the Danabe, By this division, Turkey henceforward will be confined to Rouwmolia and o portion of Macedonia, Epirnos, ond Thessaly, for the bet- ter govermment of which she will be called upon to give new guarantees. That the Turks 1ust submit is indicated by the worning that has been given them, that if they do not they will find no auxiliary among the European Powers, but, on the contrary, that those most anxions to save them will be at the head of their adversaries. ia hins agreed to the Anglo-Austrisn proposition, the boundary question in Euro- pean Turkey may be considoredsettled. The destiny of Asiatic Turkey remsins to be fived, and, asit is expected that BeacoNsrieLp intonds to make his most brilliant coup in Asia Minor, it will be watched with interest. If he can accomplish it without war, he will Dbe the hiero of the Congress, and the Tories of Eugland will hava resson to rejoice. Rbsmdosiaian o THE NEW SILVER DOLLAR. Wasnixetoy, D. C.. June 22.—All the plans deviscd by the Treasury Department to pat the standard silver dollar into more general circuiation have failed to accomplish that object, snd the “Treasury vaults, as well s the Sub-Treasury venlts, are filled almost to their fall canacity. It was believed at the Department that the decision rendered acveral weeks azo, that the Treasury was authonized to pay the_expentc of sending the standard dollare o the National Banks which were desiguated a3 devositorics, wonld have the effect of creatmy a demand for them, and that the amouut of silver on hand would be largely dimin- ished. Such, however, has not been the case. [After they reached the banks nobody could get them except by paying gold for thewm. What object would any sune person bave in doing that? They were not exchanged at par for grecnbacks, but were leld at a preminm by the Government. Of course they could not circnjate on n par with greenbacks on such terms.—En, The total amount shipned 1o the banks since this decision {8 only §15.000. Tne total amount of standard dollars coined up to date is $8. 070, 747. Of this there hiave been iseued 31,050,416, Jeav- ing on amount on hand of $7.020.011. - The amount of silver certiflcutes issued up t6 last night. waw 81,151,400, of which SU03,350 have been paid back inito the Treasury for customs duties. In response to inquirics, the Treasury officials say that they donot sce how a large amount of the silver dollars can be put iuto circulation, and the opin- fon is entertained that by the timo Congress meets again there will be_fully 25,000,000 silver dollars in the Mreasury vaults. The author of the above dispatch dis- honestly desires toconvey the idea that the new silver dollar is a * failuro,” because it will not circulate side by side with green- backs aud bank notes. Does gold circulate on n plaue with paper currsucy? Legal- tondersilver dollars occupy the same level as gold ; and ss the Iatter, when paid out by tha Secretary, find its way back into the Sub-Treasury for customs dutics, 5o do the former. The now silver doliars cannof re~ mein in cirenlation so long as they are worth more then the paper mouey. The moment greenbacks rise to par with coin, that moment tho silver dollars will go into goneral eircula- tion and sty there, cxcept thetthey may take the form of silver cerlificates for convenicnoe soke. Whenever groenbacks rench par with gold, then silver dol- lars will float freely and remain in Dusiness circles; but, ss long as they are worth more than greenbacks. they will be used to pay duties, and thus find their way intothie Sub-Treasuries, the same as gold does. As & circulating medium, silver is no more of o * failure ” than gold. It might be call- ed 8 *“ fnilure ” if it circulated at a discount, but, as it parsists in remaining at the gold lovel, it must bo pronounced a complete sue- cess, Before the Remonetization bill passed Congress over the veto the gold bugs de- nounced the proposed coin g3 *a 99.cent doller.” Some of them called it ““ o clipped dollar”; others swore at it s a *¢ swindlo ” and & “ national dishonor,” and prophesied that it would inflict & blow on the national eredit from ywhich it wonld not recoverin a century! They all agreed thet it would ouly be worth 90 10 92 cents. - But now thay complain becuse it refuses to circulate for less than 100 ceuts in gold. They scold and whine becausz it declines to circulate on level with paper worth 99 to 99} per cont, and prouounce it a failute for that reason. But we hear no move of the “ 92.cent gab- Ble, or tho “ light-weight ¥ or * clipped dollar.” The objection they now make is, that it istoo heavy and is worth too much. et ety SEYMOUR ON EDUCATION. Ex-Gov. Scriour, of New York; delivered an address on Education beforo the alumni of Madison University at ¥amilton Wednes- day. His subject was “The Relations of the State to Special Schools and Colleges.” ‘We should be very much inclined to agree with or differ from him if it were. perfectly clear what he was driving at. Dut his calti- vated unwillingness to speak plainly and commit himself on suy question—even the most thooretical one—agein got the better of him. His audience, at tha end of his speech, must have been in a condition of pleasing uncertainty as to whether 1t wes good Tam- many doctrine or not. *. One poiut Mr. Sexstoor did make clear, and that was the wrong of handing the com. mon-school system over to the General Goy- ernment. When our Constitution was put in form, he said, the words ‘“‘nation” gnd “national " were rejected by direct votes. Henco he believed it would bo in violation of the spirit of that beneficent instrument for Congress to take control of the common. sehool system. Wa partially agree with him. Without going into the arave question of constitutionnl law involved, it is safe to 88y that the control of the common-school system by the General Government would be in- advisable. It might lead to the corruption of the Civil-Service, or the prostitution of the bellot, or the packing of primaries. It would, in any case, provide an inflexible, cast-iron system for the present elastic one, which is exactly adapted to the wants of each State and township. It woald, more- over, dostroy one of the essential units of our political system. The proposition is, on all accounnts, to be utterly condemned and repudinted. The author of it ought to be “ romemberad at tho polls,” and punished. At this point it occurs to us to inquire who is tho author of the infamous proposition referred to? Alr. SerMour mentions nobody. Is it possible that it has no author? This seoms o bo the fact. No proposition of the kind ever hns beon made. It is a wild invention, a man of straw, & °scare- erow. Mr. Sevwoun knew very well when he bogan that nobody sought to sub- vert the common-schools in the manuer sug- gested by bim; but he could not forego so glorious an opportunity to air his State-sov- oreignty doctrine, and, in his extrame ne. eossity, he invented a state of facts to apply it to. . Mr. ScyMoun seems to advocate the estab. lishment and support of State universities, He is, no doubt, right in saying that the benefits conforred by such institutions are enjoyed by the whole community. The knowledge and power which they confer aro gradually filtered through the whole mass of the peoplo until they reach the lowest. But the question is whether the advantages of such education to the people as a whole are sufficient to justify general taxation. Politi. cal sagacity aud integrity do mnot al- ways, it bas beon abundantly Thers was proved, go along with learning. o mensure of truth in what Sivox Caxesox said abont ‘the d—d literary fellers.” They sre often impracticable, ignorant of affairs, unnccustomod to tho business ways which aro essontial to the safe conduct of o Government. Their whole courseof edu- cation is frequently in contempt of political experience and nocessities. There are cer- tain departments of Government which can be best managed by men who have lenrned, in their private buasiness, how to make money and keep it. The Brit- ish Governmont recognizes this fact fully, a8 may be seen in the ap- pointment of Ar. Surrm, the great nowsdesler, to the position of First Lord of the Admiralty. The State, on the whole, hasless to gain from the establishment of a university such as Mr. Sexsour describes, in which the old curriculum is to be pre- served, thau in the endowment of business colleges. If it were o choice, the States would do better to establish schools in which penmenship and bookkeeping might Do taught than to engage in the propagation of two dead languages and pure mathemat- ics in universities; for the limit of the State’s right to establish free schools is their usefulness in perpetuating and purify- ing the Government, ‘Whether this be admitted or not, thers will be little dissent from the opinion that r. Senarour: has propounded odd Democrat- ic doctrine, TroMas JEFFERSON, in his life- time, declined to ask the State to aid the University of Virginis, in the success of which his whole heart was bound up; and it must be an unworthy successor of JEFFER- soN who now advocates the maintenance of & general system of university oducation by tha States. AIr. Sexxour, no doubt, thought he was on safo ground, because Now York now maintains such a system,~—and a very bad and expensive one it is. Iis positive contradiction of Democratic principles on this topie—tho only one he ventured to spesk plainly on in all his long speech—will perbaps teach him in the futurs to seek the safe side by not speaking at all. SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY. Mr. George Hesrr Lewes hos in the last number of the Ifortnightly Review an article which has provoked a controversy in the English wecklies, and is likely to be well written about on both sides for some months, His subjoct is the supposed * Dread and Dis- like of Science” en the part of some literary and religious people. = Science, he says, is 5o little appreciated by the world at large that even men of cultnre may still be found who bosst of thoir indiffersnce to it, while others regard it witha vague drend which éxpresses itgelf in dislike, sometimes sharp- encd into hatred.” As an illustration of the genersl suspicion and disliko of Science, he mstances tho stress which is laid on * the imquity of vivisection ” because exporiments on animals are pursued for strictly scientific purposes. People tolerate without a mur- jnur the fact that yearly millions of - creatures are mutilated and tor- tured to givo & few men pleasure, to make food more palatable, and domestic animals moro tractable, yet are roused to fury by tha fact that a few score of creaturcs are mutilated to discover remedinl agents and scientifie truths. Having thus indicated the existence of the dread and dislike of Science, he glances at the canses. Tho primary cause, he says, is a misconception of Scienca; men do not understand that Science is simply a department of knowledge understood in its facts and laws. Another source of disliko is the fact that Science is abstract, impersonal, whereas our expsriences are concrete and personal. Again, Scienco demands exnct- ness, and this demand irritates the vul- gar mind. Finally, Science is regarded ns tho study of o particalar class, and con- sequently provokes the suspicion or antagonism of ol other classes. The foundation of tho groat conflict between Sciencs and Theology, Mr. Lewes says, is the differont methods of search after truth adoted by the students of each. Scienco denls with the natural ; Theology with the supernatural. The test of Science is Reason ; the test of Theology is Faith., Science relies on observation and induction ; Theology on precept ond intuition. But there is, Mr. Lewes well says, o faith of Science as well as a faith of Theology. The difference betwean them isin their credentials. The faith of Science is relinnce ou the truth of principles which have been soaght and found by com- petent inquirers, tested incessantly by suc- cossive generations, aud reraain always open to verification. The faith of Theology is re- liance on the truth of principles hended down by tradition, of which no verifieation is possible, Alr. Lewes would not like to be under- stood as applying to Religion what he has said of Theology. He merely holds that “ a scionce of Fuman Nature, if traly express- ing tho facts, must ho a botter foundatjon for religion than a theology which untruly expresses those facts.” On this position fow intelligent, persons: will dispute with him. But the question is not quite so simple os this. The Christian religion based upon the aceepted theology now claims to be itself o science. Tho sources of its authority are not merely that faith in the supernataral which Mr. Lewes has defined, but con- sciousness, tredition, and human testimony. In this country at least liberal religion is no longer secking a conflict with Science. It is making terms. Tho parts of its scheme of teachings of Science are modified or aban- doned. The sense of loss following upon these sacrifices makes theologians drand and distrust Science, just 2 in the old times pious people may have dreaded and distrust- ed the harsher articles of their theology, even while they bowed to itsdecress. Thera can never have bsen a time when the doc- trine of infant damnation, or that of total depravity, or that of the everlasting torment of the wicked, was received with pleasure by bumane peopls. To & similar manner, it cannot be expected thnt peoplo will now part cheetfully with innocent and pleasura- ble beliefs which they have long cherished, or that they will cease to distrust and dread that remorseless koowledge which has made such portings necessary, and threatens to produce many more. MMr. Lewes barely touches on an important reflection which has for us more interest than his main argament. This is **tho wide-spreed superstition which regards whatever is in- nate, or otherwise unexplained, 23 of a higler authority and diviner sanction than what is acquired through individual expe- rtience, or is explicable on known Iaws.” Curionsly enough, there happens to be in the Popular Science Monthly for July a trans- lation from the German of Prof. Exir Du Bois-Rexosp in which this subject is n:ore fully discussed than by Mr. Lrwes. The former holds that the instinct of causalty is not an original characteristio of man’s mind. The bias of men towards a personifieation of the forces of Natare is explained by Dr. Srrauss to have its root in the fact that so man hopes to bave the favor of those' un- known and droaded powers. Prof. Du Bors-ReviroNp goes one step far- ther, aod assigns what he considers a pro- founder reason. Man originally, he says, koows mo other,cause of occurrences save his own will, the exercise of which is matter of direct 6xperioncs ; hence it is that he re- fers nll ovents back to the action of a will like his own. ‘This at first gance is o strong argument. But is the premise correct ? Does man ““know no other cause of oc- currences save his own will”? Does his own will cause tho rain to descend, tho smoke to rise, the wind to blow, the tree to put forth its buds and leaves, or the blood to circulate in his own body ? We think, on the contrary, that it is because the will of man is comparatively so itieffectual that he has ascribed to supernatural powers events which he could not comprehend As bis knowledge increases, so does his mas- tery of Nature; and the incapacity of s will dimizishes in proportion. When he un- Qerstands the proximate causes of things his drend of them vanishes. It will be the same with the present drend and distrust of Science on the part of cultivated people. This drend is duo to the fact that they are not cultivated in respoct to Science. When they aro able to comprshend it, and abave all to discriminate between what it has cer- tainly established and what some of its dis- ciples have arrogantly asserted, there will be no further dread or distrust of it. Even now, thore is much strengih in the position one of the critics of Mr. Lewes has taken, that it is ot Science, but tho human imper- fections of the scientific, which men distrust and dread. The late Mr. BRYANT used to keep an *‘index expurgatorius” in the Evening Post ofice, which, a3 a curiosity, we will reproduce, none of our Eastern contemporarles baving thought it worth recalling apparently. It was as follows: Aspirant. (Ovation. Authoresz. Obituary, for ** death, ™ “Beiog done, buflt, ete. {Parties, for **persuns Bog Posted, for **inforued. Bugzing. for ‘‘captur-iPoctess. ing. Portion, for **purt.” Balsuce, for ‘*remain-\Predicste. der.™ rogreseig. Collided. Fants, for** pantaloons. ™ Commenced, for ‘*be-Quife, prefixea to eun, “‘200d, " **large, " etc. Couple, for *‘two.” [Realized, for **obtain- Debit. 1 Donate and donation. for “*trast- Employee. S Endorse, for **approve. "' **gentlemen."| . for “‘reject” or **dizown. " Retire, for **withdraw.” “Tion. izole, for ¢part." Inaugarated, for **be-[Rotrdies. . ioughs, Tnitiafed. for **began.” [Secesh. In our midst. States, for *4says.” Imnore. I Taboo, Transpire, for **occur.’ To prozress. Jeopardize. Juyentle, for **boy." Jubilunt, for *‘rejoic- ing. Lady, for **wife.” Lengthy. Vicinity, for **neighbor- Loafer. hood.” Loan or losned, for/Wall street sleug gen- “*lend” or *“lent.” | crally: ** Bulls, bears, Located. long, short, flat, cor- Measurable, for *‘in a| mer; tight," ctc. meusure. 0ddly enough, Mr. BRYANT, though thus lay- fng claim to literary purism, was himsel( an habitual offender in his private correspondence fn the matter of * Esq.” Asimilar index used tobe in existence upon the World in MaNToN Mar- BLE's day,—mnore by token, a wicked writer, on the day of its proclamation, wrote an editorial contaiuing every prohibited word,—but under the incumbency of Mr. HunLBERT, though he is limself a writer of pretty and oure English, it seems to have fallen into desuctude, as the word “ collide” figured in one of its display- heads the other day, and * indorse we have frequently found in its columas. ——— According to Sir HENRY TROMPSON, in one of the Londonmedical journals, the microplione hias already been turned to acconut, in the discovery at a very early stage of one o the most painful of diseases—stone. By its aidt the existence of very minute calculi can be discovered in a stage of growth at which it is comparatively easy to crush them, and so prevent the necessity for more dangerous operations; aud the only danger uppears 1o be lest a too powerful micro- phoue should be used,~one which wonid so magnify all the minor soands as to eive to the touch of the surgeon’s instrument on the walls of the orzan aflected a sound as striking as its touch unon 2 miuute calculus. 1f so much has been effected alrendy by the application of the microphone Lo the artiticial sounds efTected by asurgical instrument, says the London Specta- for, therc is surely reason to hope that before long it will be applied with equal success to the natural aud softer sounds of the contractions of the heart. ——————— ‘Tre TRIBUNE'S speculation that the Eothen expedition for the recovery of Sir Joux Fx; LIN'srelics bad something of a job in it, is coufirmed by the New York pupers’ reports of the sailiog of the schooner. She has been cheaply fitted out, and. as an old sailor told a reporter, “has picked up some tidy contriba- tionsin the way of stores and cquipments,” and so “all the ile taken Is fclear profits.” O Scicuce! in thy name what things are not put ap!? ——— The Philadelphia Press is singularly scrupu- lous. Iaving announced “throush fnad- vertency " that the Lord Mayor of London shot War Treer to death,it next day gave a cor- rection to say that he stabbed him. The able editor to this hour probably is in momentary terrr lest the Lord Mayor or President TrLenr should enter the editorial rooms with a rrown and a club aud inquire for the man that wrote that paragraph, ———— The London Zimes publishes an account of the “moderator electric light,” un ‘improve~ ment by M. RAPIRPF, a Russian gentleman, upon the ‘*Jablochkoft light,” the first in which the electric current was divided. The Rapief light is obtained by o current of electricity con- suming pencils of carbon, kept together by sim- ple clack-work. The lizht is steady, so brilliant that it is thrown through opaline globes to tem- ‘chitectare of Munich. or time are, however, given, and no mdicatiog 83 to an fmportant pot, the amount of trouble which the changiug of the carbon peacils wy involve. Tt is st this point that all efeetsie lamps break down. no light suiting the pupyg, which cannot be mauaed by a man wighoy; scientific knowledge. ————— Mr. G. WasH SMALLEY protrudes his ears all throuzn a letter to our New York namesake op the Paristan_press, wherein he soeaks of gn, Journal des Debats a5 3 paper which has"t gy, lived its once great influence in France, bu g still quoted with iznorant respect in Englangn *1ts polities,” says Wast, “ase the politieg of the;Bourse.”” Correspondents Who are owneq by Jax Gouwp should not sling fuk. = ko o is sad to reflect how many colleze-aradnatey who only last week were defiveriny “rapg grg. tions flowing free™ upon various subjects, agq settling intellectual questions that have per. plexed the Keeest thinkers of the world for centurles, will this week be shinning round th mewspaper oflices seeking an cditorial positiog at §12,500 a year, and failing to find it, e ““The secoud session of the Forty-first Cop. gress,” we are pleased to learn from the Nog Yori fer 1, has just come to a close. e liyg and learn. We had hitherto fancied thag i was the second session of the Forty-fth Con. gress that the country tiad been experiencing, £ e LEsTER WALLACK ks the Commodore of 1 big vacht club, but decliucs to venture out whey the stormy winds do blow-ow-cwr—the stormy winds do olow. Heisasort of biuffed olg sailor, as it wer —— Ex-Goy. WALRER, of Virginia, s te deliver the Fourth of Juls oration at Tammany Hall, We hope he will remember to what Sachems he intrusts his hat and overcoat when he beging bis speech. ——— Come to think of it, Brother Daxa, the army has not becn reduced to 10,000 men. — Who is there to Weep for ANDERSON? Nop one (1). — PERSONALS. Charley Ross’ father has expendad nbont $50,000 In the vain pursnit of his stolea child, fo- cluding $20,000 raised for him by the citizens of Philadelphia. ; James Gill died in New York on Yonday at the age He was a neiglioor and persons! friend of Daniel 0'Connell, aod took an active purt in the organization of Repeas associations. Vassar College, like the Iate Woman's Thotel, does notallow its immates to have birds, cats, or other pets, or sewing-muchines, in their rooms. Now for more fndignstion meeti The last speech delivered at the recent session of the Dominion Parliament was uttered by Sir John A. Macdouald, and ran as follows: **That fellow, Smith, {s the biggest liar T ever met." Politics are lively in Roading, England, where the Liberals have placarded the town with posters representing Sikh soldiers butcheriag thelr Drisoners, with the lesend, - Beaconsfeld's Man- Tigers.” Gen. Sherman, in his address to the Princeton students, spoke of the Iate Prof. Henry a3 **3man of gentle deweanor, utterly unostenta- tious, and free from the arrogance of wisdom." who, **of all men, secracd most inspired with e fecling, *Nearer, my God, toThee.'™" ‘The Pope has bestowed his apostolic bene- diction in an enlogistic letter unon Mr. Lafamine, the Dominion Minister of Justice, and the other Cathotic members of the Canadian Cabiuet, —an zct which will of necessity scaudalize the good Catho- lics of Canada, seeing that Mr. Laflamme fsa Lib- eral. "Ths Duke of Connanght's elder sister, the Crown-Princess, 16 reported to'havs *‘putan™ a mateimonial job on him in betrothing him tos daughter of Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia. Her own £on was in love ith the youny Iady, and, asshe didn't like the maich, she induced hee brother to fall in love with ber. The owner of the canal-boat Jamos Penbody had bis wife and eleven children on board the res- sel Inthe Iludson River tie other evening, with sixteen feet of water in the hold. When asked by Sun teporter if be waun't afraid to bave his fam- 1ly on board with the boat 1n sach a condition, ho said he gueased she wouldn't sink if they kepton working. Jeanne Granier, the Parisian cantatrico that takes the part of the Colonel in *‘Le Petit Dac," was recently entertainsd at St. Germaln, when in the middle of the deicunera trooper galloped to the door withh & bonquet from the officers of the local regiment tothe Colonel. He and she exchanged military salutes: then she em- braced him, giving bim one kiss for distribution aiong the men of the regiment and one for him- self. That cowhiding story, wherein Mr. Bry- ant was represented as having so valiantly and ve- hemently cowhided the late Col. W. L. Stone. of the Commnsrcial Adrertissr, has been explolned. Col. Stone did not write tho.article that bronght about the dispute, and he wrenched the cowhide away from Bryant's bands, broke it over the poet'a shonlders, ana carried the pieces home in triumph to the Commercial office, where they were bung up for wany years. The Willimentic Thread Company paid of its hands in gold and silver last wesi,—the frst tinic in the history of the concern that coin had actually been used in psyment of wages. Onlys few of the workmen who had lived abroad keew what the yellow atuff was, and one woman fo whor $19 had been puld, including 2$10, 283, anda $2.50 gold piece, brought it back to say that there was 8 mistake, —all she had recelved was $1.50 and some peanies! By way of experiment and to de- cide & wazer, & promneat New-Yorker made sev- crul vain aitempts to induce fruft-huckstera to take & §$3gold piece for o three-cent orange of banana. Another historical myth has been explod- ed by Mr. George I Moorc’s insestigation fnto tie story of the battie of Monmonth. ‘There is mota particle of evidence, he 3ays. to show that Washington was gross end profane in his language to Lee, though the scene which followed their meeting on the iela fs difiicult to anravel. Wash- ington cried qut t0 Lee, ** Wbat g the meaning of this retreat? Whency arose this confusion:” Lee, after some hesitation, answered that be had recelved contradictory intelligence, that the at- hud not been obeyed. ** This may be true.” swered Washiugton, ** bat you onght oot to bave andertaken ¢ anless you Intended 10 g0 through with it.” Lester Wallack is a sufficiently handsomd and well-preserved man, Lot be fsn't muck of 3 yachtsman, if he is Commodore of the Bracklrn Yacht Club and does owa the Columbls, the Queen’s Cup champion. It rained and blew on the day of the regaua, 6o that Jt was decided pot 10 race, bat, by way of amnsing the lndies, saany of whom had ventured out, it was propased to give & scrabrace. ‘The Committee steamed off to Wal- Iack’s yacht and found the Commodore I oilskins and & sou'wester looring too nantical foranything. **What!" said he, when informed of the decision .arrived at, *‘race in this weather? You will all be enveloped in fogs and get your vessels asbare. “‘We want you to go over the conrse whh 8% said the Committee. **No, 1 thauk you.'" it the Commodore, **not any of this for me.’ Mr. Hamerton devotes a chapter in this month's Portfolio to Tarner's famons work, the *+ Rivers of Fraoce.” He brings out the fact in his remarks that the preat Inndscapist was really more fond of depicting man urd_man's works thad Datare, and that in most of his pictures either builaings are the main featore, or the ahips 308 boats that give life to his seas and rivers. Tho fuults appsrent in Turger's views of the French rivers are tho chlef subject of comment In this paper, bat Mr. Hamerton intimatey at its close 1bat in the ensuing number of the mavazipe ho stsll have the more agreeable task of’ saying **what ought to be satd in favor of the rivers of France. Mr. Atkinson gives the third installment of bls serics of articles on the schools of modern Ger- many, treating mainly on this occasion of the 1+ His axticle is illastrated +with two woodcuts after pictares by the Hungarian painter, Liezen Mayer, and a fall-page eugraviag of the composition ** Familien Glaci,™ br Herr Flaggen, of Muuich. A biographical sketch of Carl Hasg, a Bavarian artist, and some notes upon Edinbure, ere the remaining literary contributions tothe pumber. A fine etching by Flameng, of Hlaag's painting entitled ** Danger in the Deserty” will be staled with inteseste ainst his judgment, ond that kis orders * ; % I