Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 15, 1878, Page 9

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY. JUNE 15, 1878—TWELVE PAGES. LITERATURE. Three Views of the Future Punishment of the & Wicked. Mr, Swinburne's New Book of Poems---Gill's Life of Poe. i Record of Bcientific Progroess ===1201f0’s Slmkspcarg Punctuation. . An Anecdote of J. B. Booth--- Draper on Bacon's Philosophy. Dr. Lockyer on the Spectroscope «==The Normal Standard of .Weight in Man,, LITERATURE. FUTURE PUNISHMENT. 78 WonLw, Iy L. T. Towneend, or in Doston"Univarsity. Author Boston: Lee & Hneparl, eClurg & Co. Pp, 2060. ice, $1.25. CoxmiTioNaL Inxonratiry, By William R. Tfant- Tadtan, D i eetor of AN Sainte' Charen Wortester, Mass. New York: E. I', Dulton & Co.§ Clicigo: Jansen, McClurg & Co. Pp. 202, 'rice, $1. Pk Muwnrs or, Ta Christ the Snvior of All Blen? Iy Bamuel Cox. From the Fourth Lo don Edliton. New York: E. P, Dutton & Ce Cnicago: Jsnsen, McClurg & Co. Fp. & Price, $1.25 Assuming that the Bible is tho word of Ged, and that the fmmortality of the righteons Is as- sured, theso books represent roughly the views that it ts possiblc to take of the subject of futuro punishment. Trof. Townsend belleves all persistent unbellevors will be punished through cternity; Dr. Huntington argues for . the blesscd immortality of tho rightcous snd tho anpihilation of the wicked; and Mr, Cox for universal redemption. Prof. Townsend attcinpts first to establish a caso without ths alaof tho Bible, starting with the proposition that 1t 1s antecedeutly just as probable that thera should bo a place for souls alone (Heaven or Hell) that as there should bea place forsouls and bodioa ** (tho carth). The argument from this {source, whilo it is avowedly in favor of the bellof In & futuroe life, docs not explaln the suthor's theory as to future punishment,—a very diferent thing. When he gocs ou to say that {t Is antccedently ns probablo that the wicked should bo separated from the good through all etcrnity us that Lolts and locks should be msed In this life to shut out houscbreagers, Lo descends Into triviality, Nor {s Mr, Townsend content with assumning thate the barriers between the wicked and thy rightoous in the futurc must be finpassable, Ho pives a scheme of four future states, Into two of which overy soul must pass. The term Jflades 1s used geucrically to describo the abode of all duparted spirits after death and bofore the Hesurrection. hen, there ore, fivst, I‘aradise-Hades, in which arc tho temporary restiniz-places of the righteous; sce- ond, Gehenna-J{udes, in which are the tempo- rary nrisons of the unrighteons; third, L'ara- dise-Proper, ar the fieaven of heavens, in which will be the royal homes of the rightcous after the Judgment; fourth, @ehenna-Lroper, or Hell, in which aro cast the unrightasus aftor Judgment. With these definitions as a starting-poiut, the author proceeds to work out Nis argument. 1ie tfinds that tho Inter- medinte World—or that hetween this Mfe oud the eternal lifo after Judgment—is o world of fixedness. ‘Tho antecedent probablil- tles, growing out of the naturc and results of the separation of thegood and the wicked tu that world, ‘leave but tho falntest, i tndeed any, hope of the ultimate reform and relense of thoso w?m die In thelr nnrightoousi “To overy sou! in Parndise-Hades, Christ, under tho Spiriv'a illuminatiou, will bo prcu-mml'.nnd liko- wiso to every soul In Uchenna-llades, But, If the conditions of the dead In the Intermediate World are unalterably flxud, then It likewlso fullows thnt Chrlst, when thus presented, will be accepted by every soul io Pora- dise-Tlades, and “will ‘ns surcly aud fnevitably be rejected, by every soul in Gehenna- Hodes. o . . Wa are, therofore, foreed to tho stern concluston that the presence and preaching of tho Lord of Glory In the Interme- dlate World resulted only in establishing more fizedly, or, at least, unquestionably, the chae- ncter and condition ot its inhabltants.” Per- hops thesc exiracts will suflice to show the nature of Irof. Townsend's views, Dr, Buntlugton's arqument s based oo what ho considers the true interpretation of - tha Beriptures. He finds that they nowhere assort ~that man 18 o betng who will Inevitably ulni forover. At tht very outset of our study o Heriptures (lu the story of tho fall of man), we find death put forihas tho Eunnlly of sotting at naught the will of od. ~ Bat what sort of deathl For all that appenra to the cou- trary, total death—the death of the whale mau, Tho first man's exporfeuco of death belog such 08 was derived fror the world of nature around litn, ft Is hard to concelvo how this sentence could have moant to his mind anyihing otso than the utter lossof belng, Tho inscct that Hzmhcd Lefore his cyes weut to decay, and evl- b ently was no moro; the withered leaf fell at fcet and moldered awny; what other pur- g:ru thon, than thatof final axtluction could have en carried to Adam's mind by the words ad- dressed to him, ¢ Dust thow art, and anto dust thou shalt veturni’ . . . Shoultancously with tho death-sentence passed on man which wo are to think of na beginolug Immediately to take effect (Just a8 we say, and say truly of our- selves, that the moment we are born we begin o die): simultancously with tutadeath-sentences comes & glimpse, only a gllmpase, of a vraclous surpole on God's part to set lu niotion a rome- lal proccss. ‘The secd of tho woman, it is promised, shall bruiso the serpent’s head, {ow the hope thus suyigested streugthens snd decpens, how In each successive stage of the world's progress the prophecy galns In dis. tinctucas, it §s necdicss to show; enough to sav that at tho last comes ons who asscrts himself 10 be tuo Mesalah, for whom all the generatlons have been walting. And what s the burden of llls message now that Ie Is come. ‘% um come,’ He ocays, *that yu might have lifc,’ Thus Ho cstadlishes Himuclf a second Adam, bringing buck to man that tree of lifo from access to which 11is selt-witl shut the first Adamn out. » Mr. Cox's book s made up of a scrics of papers resd to Dis Biblo-class, of whom, he Bays, auy man might bs proud. It consists of moro than 150 members, men and women. Tures or four of thoin are good Dibllcal scholars, versed in QOreck or fHebrew, A large proportion of thom=—thanks to wur grammar- schools and high-schuols—have some slender acqualntance with their Greek Testaments, and ally or nearly ull,of them are uccustomed to dy tho sacred Scriptures with lutonizence sud devotion." Mr, C trinais Univeranl- ux's fsm pure and siwple, e that the words “dampation” aud “hell” aro mot to found fu the or¢iual _ Bible st all; that the autlorized Engllsh transiation Is incorrect In every fustance whoa it s0 rendurd the vrigiual Greek of the New Tea- tament. The word translated “damn” s in the Oreck Ariucin, which uieans simply to judge.”" 'This word sud fts durivatives occurs inore than 170 thoes fu thu (ireek Testument. More thon 150 tlmes itfs rendered in the Euglish Testamont h& our verd *‘to judge.” Beven times, very neeillessly und misteadingly, it 1s sendered by **to condemu,” twice by “io secuse,” and ouly elght times by **to damy.” Thas Is to say, our own trunslutors render tho word fnthy sensoof “to damu’ ouly elyghy tlwes out of ucarly 180. 8o auain in revard to tho wordatranslated Hell, which in tho originai are Taratrus, Hades, aud Gehonns, nous of which can hu\ular[l ¢d to mean upisce of ever- lusting torment. ‘This brings Mr, Cox to a con- sideration of *The doctrine of the eons.” He belleyes, with many otberlcarned comentators, that the Greck word aon should bo given in its English equivalent, fustead of being travstat- el ‘eternity.” stmlmlry, *twonial™ should bo subatituted Tor *eternal.” On this polut Mr. Cox’s asgument 18 very atrony, bue Dr. Hunt. lugton, we think, materially diuiolsbes the furce of It when hu suys: “To wll reasonivg of this sort the believer in the everlasting wretcheduoss &f the wicked bas it in bis power to reply forcibly, Our fiuity miuds at best canuot take 18 or appreciate the (dea of cudless duration. Our ouly couception of cternity ls that of a very, very loug 'time, whethier fo counection with rewsrd or punish- Went. Be, then, the right tanslation of wvnivs this or that, the fact remains that the sacred writers thoneht it toappls this epithet tothe Al- milghty 1im: they apenk of the * Konfon Gl " Endleas e doubtless must wean when npoken of His being; and endless, therefore, it may mean ns applied to the dnom of the wicked and the life of the good.” Mr. Cox controverta this view, but docs not wholly break the force 1le then advances rensona for believing ¢ punishment of the unrighteons wlil be at ance retributive and remedial, most of them drawn from the promises of the Bible, and all wrged with not a little jngenuity and plausi- ty. The three books taken together make an In- teresting summary of religious views of the subject. They ean all be lisposed of in a few ontrs, and few who read then will fall to obtain from them n clearer notion of the limits and nature of the discuasion, SWINBURNE'SNEW BOOK OF POEMS Por n BaLLapa, By Charles Algernon Swin- New York: l(.’\Vorlhlnmnn. Advance- b sheste. Mr. 8winburne’s new volume I to conslat of 224 pages; and, if wo nay judze from the ad- vance-sheets forwarded for review, It will be purer and healthier In tone than any of his pre- vious collections, Hut It is not safe to judze of Bwinburne In this way. He fs eminently one ot those pocts of whom nothing can certalnly bo predicted. In his case leas than In that of any other living poct Is It safe to nrgue from the secn Lo the unseen,—from that whiclyps submit- ted to that which Is reserved. It may, however, Rratify those caulious souls who are always on the alert ifor sometlung unclean In Bwinburne to know that, with the exception of a few lines in ono of the tramslations from Villon, thore is nothlog in the ndvance-shects that deservea rebuke. The translator has eyen gone tothe palns of lnserting asterisks where the original contained lines too broad for English readors,—an exavgerated avoldance of forbldden toples which will surprise a8 much as it delights thetrucstadmirersof Mr. Swinburne, And it will not now be questioned that Le has many auch admirers. fie is Lelleved by excellent critles to be the best master of English versification, so far as thut concornsthe hlending of rhythin with melody, now Hying, His facility of vhyming s, indeed, above that of any of hiscontemporarics; and in such dificult poetienl mechanisin as the composition of souncts hie has wou nu enviable reputation. ‘The preaent voluma beginswilh a bit of Pagan oetry, in which Mr. Swinburne’s aflcctation of ondness for the heatticn gods gets su airing, Speaking os a votory at the shrine of the last oracle &t\ 1, 801), ho calls upon the Palan Anollo to avenge the {nsults heaped upon his worshiners, This 1s nerhdps n passage that will not be relishied by strict constructiénista: Ago o‘\ age thy mouth was mute, thy face was en, Aml‘l!hl‘l.lul and eyes that loved thes bllnd and unb; Song forevolt thelr tongues that held thy nam for- e, Light thelr eyes that saw tho strangs God's king- dom come. Fire for light, and heil for heaven, and psalms for wans ?llledp\hu clearest eyes and llps most sweet of song, When fnr chant of Qrecke tho wall of Gall- eans Made the whole world moan with hymas of wrath and wrong. ‘Tnils 1s Paganism gilded with fine worids. Four more verses from the sae pocm aro” given to show the awing and consclous easa of Mr. 8win- burne's verse: Yet it may be, Lord and Father, conld we know it, We that jove thea for nurdarkness shal) have light Maore than ever prophet halled uf oll, or poet Btanding crowned, and robed, sud soverelsn fn thy sight. Mr. Swinburne's fellcity of exprussion Is at tlines as reniarkable as tho melody of his verse. When he wrltas, for iustance, in tho poem of “In the Bay," of The winds from far ‘That stir no plume now of the bland sea's breast, wa feol that there Is beautv and propriety in the description. Su, in o subsoquent stanza, the epithets of the Mnes Past Hades, past Riysium, past the long, Slow, amogth, stronq lupee of Lethe, are {o admirable harmony with the sentiment. The XXXI. stanza is: Who cannot hato can love not: If ho grieve Ais tears are barren as the untraitful raln That rears no harvost from tne green sea's plain, And as thorns crackling tine man's laugh ts vain, Nor can belief tosch, kindle, smite, repriove His heart who has no hicart to disbelieve, ‘* A Forsaken Garden ' ts, on the whole, the most agreeable oem in the collecton. Three exqulisite stanzas in 1t wo cannot forbear giving, though they have once before appearcd In these columpns: Hoart hanufast in hoart ss they stood, *'Look thither, Did hg whisper? Look (orth from the flowers to o neai ea For the fonm-flowers endure when tho rose-blos- soms wither, And men that luve lightly may dlo—but wat And lh‘n";-m‘al wind sung, oud the sanie waves whitoned, And or ever the garden's last putals wero shed, Inthe llg-nm tad wiispered, the eyos that had Hghitened, Love was dead, Or they loved thelr lifo throngh, and then went whither? And wure uno tothe end—but what end who knows? Love doep as tho sea as a rose mitat withei Aw the rose-red seaweed that mucks the ros Shall l'hl dgad take thought for tho dead to love thiem ‘What lova waa ever os deep as a gravo? They arc loveless now as tho gross above them r the wave, All are at one now, rases and lovers, Notknown of the cliffe, and the felis, ana tho sen. Not a breath of the tims that has been hovers Iun tho air now woft with a sunimer 1o bo, ot a brouth shall thero swecten the suasons here- after Of the flowers or the lovem that laagh now or weep, When as thoy that are freo now of weoping and laughter We shall sleep. Tho sonnct to Victor Hugo on tbe death of his son closes thus: What God In your own tongue shiall talk with thee, Showlng haw atl aonla that ook upon the aun Bhali be for theo one spirit and thy son? And thy soul s ehlld th soul of man to be? “Ex-Voto" which cluzes the volume, Is not the least Intercating poom of the collection. ‘Thesc oxtracts from It will suflico to Indicate 1ts character: If aught my soul would say Might move to fiear mo pray, The birth-god of my day That he wight hoarkon This graco my beart should crave, To tnd no laudward uravo uat worldly aprings make brave, Worid'awiatérs dirkon, " Nor grot through gradual honrs The cold blind soed of flowers Mado by new Leums and showers Nl'rt[nsv‘l‘llmtu un“ x:uluhidur.b, or 1ako wy part with eart Liutfnd for deati's new birth A bed of laryor gurth, More chaste und colder, When thy salt lips wellaizlh Hucked 1 iy mouth's lnst aigh, Grudged 180 much lodio , Thiv death aa others? Was it nu ease to think ‘Ihe chalies from whose brink Fato gave mo death to drink Was thine, —iny motner'st (lll;h'fl LAIPH OPF PDE.“ L EDOAR ALLAN . By Wil o T T o T atsy bk iiiam B New York: W, J. Woddleton, Chlcago: Jansen, McClarg & Co. I'p. 347, Prico, 81,75 1u this fourth edition of his Lifo of Foe, Mr. Gill has seen Nt to enlarge bis controversy with Dr. Griswold; snd, to this cud, has included in an appendix Poo's * scatbing critiqus " of Gris- wold's ' Pocts aud Poetry of America,” which 1s suid to have beeu the cause of tho Doctor’a subsequent hatred of Poo. Wa caunot help thinking thot this is a grave mistako on the part. of Mr. GIll, both because the article in queation cxhibits Poe In a most unfavorable light, and beeause the public has little interest I Dr. Griswold or his nemoir. It ought to be possi- ble to correct tho misstatements of that memolr in & reasonably bricl space, and thereufter the readee might be feft free from the personal raucor of thy blographer. What Is especlally nceded at this tuo is a life ot 1’0o that shall do its work 10 o stralzhtforward and unoretentlous manner, making lberal use of orlgmal manu- scripts,—whicn, though not sbnudant, must be more in number than Mr. Gill bas discovered,— and coutainiug something ltke a history of his wiitluge: My, Gill has falled to do this, not be- causo bo lacks the ability, but because be bas bucn drawu away into sn unuecesssry pursuit of Dr. Grlswold, 5 Tbis small volume has done much servico to the wemory of Pos by rmvmz that he was, fu spite of bis weakness, a lovable mau, He had many fricuds, whose ‘adiiration and apprectation extended beyond the grave, But, when this bas been sala, pralie of Poe's per- sonal IUe I8 exhausted. Mr, Gl s unoeces- sarily eutbusisstic in walntalalug that Poo was not & drunkurd, for this book proves, against {taelf, that on several of the momentous occa- slous of his life, whetsobriety scemed to be all that was vecessary 1o fogure him success, the poet relapsed futo palniuland prolonged periods of incbricty, Buch was the occasion of his visit to Washington to solicit the favor of Prealdeut 1} trutn many of our best English o, Tyler and € Linet for the new magazins which he proposed starting; and auch was his appear- anre, In a state of intoxication, in " the parlur of n lady to whom lLno was cn- goged In marrlage, a few days betore the wed- ding was to bu celehrated. Both eacapades cost him the success of plans which ho most dearly cheristied, and It fa charity to assume that unly adrunkard’s infatustion snd lack of will- power eould have led him into the excesses in uestion. With these and similar jnatancs be- lore us,and the fact that Poe died, a8 everybody confeased, of the effects of strong drink, there ought to be no great difficulty in sscertaining hin chinracter In this respect. "It fa much inore to the purpose to say that ha Inherited hls taste for tiquor from his fathor, who was o confirmed drunkard, and that hi fortunate training Ly dtr. Allan, his adop! father, did much to contirio his Inherited tend- encies, One can hardiy read at this day without ain of Lhe scenes that used to be, enacted In r. Allan'a parlors, when little Eddtc was en- couraged to toast li'n; company in diluted wine, standing on a chalr, and making s spcech or a recitation. ‘The reaponsibility for the habits which afterwards cut ehart Poe's life is not, of course, to be fixed upon any person, but the facts which Mr. G{Il has adduced at least tend to remove part of the blame which lias hereto- fore been given to the poet. From infancy almust he scems to have been destined for the fate which he fiually fulfilted. For making this clear, and for taking awny some asperions that had unnecosrarily “heen thrown upon Poe's charactor, we are Indebted to Mr, Gill, whose Lilc, whatever its defects may be, I8 castly the Lest ane of the subject yet written. SCIENCE ILECORD, Anxuat. Reconn or Boigncr: AXD INDUSTRY Fon 1877, Edited by Spencor K, Balrd, New York: Harper & Tiros. Chlcavo: Jausen, MeClurg & Co. I'p. 480, Price, £2, ‘This 18 the only complete record of sclentifie progreas published In Amorlca. In connection with the *Annual of Ecicatiflc Discovery,” the publleation of which was hegun in 1350, it forms a continuous bhlstory of the subject for twenty-seven yoars. Dr. Dnird'a fitness for such a task will not, of course, be questioned. IHis apoointment to succeed the lamented Prof. Henry a8 Secretary of the Smithsoulan Insti- tute, and his known success in previous vol- umes of the serles, furnish u suflicient guarantee of tie good quality of the present work. The volume forthis year difTers from its predecessors in omitting the abstracts of articles contained in the proccedings of learned societles and in the scientific aud Industrial journals of the dn{. which it was found linpussible to inctude withio convenlent Hmits, The omission hos, however, been more than made good by na extenslon of the summarica. The article on astronomy is by Edward/8. Holden, of the Naval Observaf ur{Y at Washington. It includes reports fromn . teen observatories. Othcerarticles are “ Physics of the Glove,” by Cleaveland Ablo, of tho Weatlicr Bureau, Washingtons * Physics,” by Qeorge F, Barkery Professor of Physlcs in the Uuolversity of Pennaylvania; * Cheinistry,” by the same; *Minorslogy,” by Edward 8, Dann, of Yale College; “Gealogs,” by T. Bterry Ilunt, Professorin the Institutoof Tech: uology, Boston ; “ lydrography '’ and “ Geography,’ by Francls M. Urecn, Licutenant-Comtnander, U. 8, N.¢ # (feography of North Awerics, by Bamuel i, 8cudder, Cambridge, Masa.; * Mlcroscony," by Prof. 11 L. 8mith, Hobart Colleee, UGenevn, N. Y.} **Anthropology,” by Prof. Otls T. Mason, Columbian University, Washington, D. C.; “Zoology,” vy Dr. A. 8. Packurd, Jr., Director of the Peaboly Academy of Sclence, Salom, Masa.; “Botany,” by Prof. \W. Far. low, f!uylnwn Iall, Haorvard Colleze; ¥ Agri. enlture and Rural Economy," by Prof. W, 0. Atwater, Wesloyan University, Middletown, Conn.§ '-Enzlmemnu,’" "'l'ecmmlozrv," oan S Industrial Statisties,” by Williwn [I. Wakl, Ph. D., Phitadelplia, Each of these writers s an .authority Iu lils own department, The material for thein to work upon, it will be scen, is rich and abundant; for, tot to enter into particulars, the yeae which hus witnessed the discovery of the satellites of Mars and the ln- ventlonof the practical telephione and the Khono- graph, 1s not the least fmpoitant in the of sclentific progress. THE SPECTROSCOI'E. Stunirs 1N SrEcTius Axaiyss, Dy J. Norman Lockyer, F, R. 8, New Yark: D, Appleton & Co. “‘Chleago: Jansen, McClurg & Co, ' o, 258, With alghit colored plates and illty-one wood- cuts, Price, 32,50, This twenty-third volume of the Internatlonal 8cieutific Series is fully up to the high standard scteby its predecessors. Mr. Lockyer {s one of the foromost luvestigators In this department of sclence, snd his authority should carry much welght. The subject Is notn simplo one, but. Prof, Lockyer has divested it of unuccessary ob- scurity, The treatise ts adapted for thio use of teachers or othiers who, having made some advance In chemistry, are fn a position to benelt by thedircetions and hints with which 1t 1s liberally provided. There is one chanter, on *Methods of Demonstration nnd Laboratory Work," which stould bo invaluable to the student. The treatise becomes technlenl at thmes, It I8 true, but it could hardly be under- token at all “if It were not futended’to bo tech- nleal. “ft would have no sclentiilc valuo If it were otherwlse. In this conncetion wo take pleasure In an- nouncing that the next number of the series, to bo issucd Imnicdintoly, wiil be an Amorlcan contribution by Prof. R. I, Thurston, of the Stevens Institufe of Technology, entitled *Tho Growth of the Steam-Engine.'” “The publishers Justly sov: **It {8 tmost surprising that {n ‘an age of steam,' when commerce, trayel, and all the main arts and industrics of civillaation are carrled on by thls wonderful ogency, we ahould” stlll be with- out a popular aczount of the steatn-engine at ull worthy of the subject, more especlully s it {5 80 full ot fascluating and romantic elcmenta. Pruf. Thurston's work will take away this re- proach from our literature, It will give n his- tory of Lthe discoverics, Inventlons, and mauy Ingenious experimonts that gradually led to the success of the steam-engive 1 the last century, and of jts further taprovements and vast apoli- catfons fn the present century. [t will contala sketchos, anecdutes, and poriraits of tho great men to whom thy world is Iodeted for this wonder-worklug maochanism. The book s written in simple and familiar u{’lo by a civil eugincor who I8 iaster of the subject,” and It will be profusely lllustrated ut large cxpeuso, iu tho most clegant and avcurate wanver.” —— POINT, NO FOINT, Uann-Boor ur Puxcruatiox. By W.J. Cocker, A Now York, Chicayo, fud Now Orluans? . 8. Barnes & Co. Pp. 137, The purpose of this littlo book (s explatned by tho author to be: 1. Tostate such general’ rules as are recog- nired by most writers of good English. 2. To lllustrate theso rules by exatnples taken , To give some ol tho differences {n ueage that exist even amonyg tho Lest writera, ‘This purposs s well accomplished, The writer unpretentious, and has a becoming sense of the want of absolute authority for the sveral rules he Jays down. 1o does not, how- ever, to our mind, recounizo wulll- clently the clement of iudividuality In punctuation. Bomo writers make their punctua- tlon o distince featurc of thele style, whils others consder It nninportant. It 18 trie also that u method of punctuation which might ho oceeptoble, or neceassry, Inn work requiring closu attention and dealing with abstruse sub- {vctl might be out of place In composition in. ended. tor popular reading, such as fiction, blography, or simple narrative. Generally speakiug, the metbod of close punctustion i3 uolng out, as may be secu i uny newspaper, Mr, Cocker does mot seem to recoguize this fact, 'This appears both from the number of vxumples which o takes *from writers of the last century, who owed thelr punctuation In many (ustauces to lll-dnformed printers, and some of s rules. The rule which directs that A comnmia should be placed before the relative clause, evon wheu it 13 necessary to complete tuo weanlng of the antecedent,” ls, in these days, wrong, But this {a the only rulo vut of the scyenteen., 6o far as wo Lave obsvrved, that fs wrong, The author's remarks on proof-read. inyz are all correct, und scew Lo show & practival acjuaiotance with the subject. IANDY-VOLUME SIAKSPEARE. 7 Edited by New York: Slarper & Dros, Chicago: Janeen, McCiuig & Co. =~ Dp, 207, Price, 70 cents. This is the ninth volumo of Mr. Rolfo's edt- tion of 3hakspeare; and we can comumend it, ltke its predecessors, after o closo examination, a8 every wsy worthy the attention of students. Its advantage over somo more critical editlons ~Ilike that of Dyeo, for fnstance—Is that it does not assumo too great & degreo of previvus knowledge of the subject on the part of the reader. It gives what may becalled, In the modero scnse, thu bibllography of each play. Beside, it does pot disdafu to take criticisn or information from uny source, with due acknowl- edgwent. ‘Thus the Inmmn voluwe con- talns the substance of Iazlitt's, Verplsuck's, Mrs. Jameson's, Dowden’s, and Furnivall'sintro- duction to the play. ‘I'he boles are voluminous, beginoing with & careful bistory of thy play aad charucters from acecpted sources, nd occupylng more thau & third of the volume. Iu this space 13 given pearly every now of valus by vvery How 10 Be Puiore. istory Masvan editor of promlnence, and tuch careful dis- crimination fa sliown by the editor fn_making the selection, Waords Explained,” which servesthe purposes of -rxlussnr{ for each volume. whote will, in this conntry, both hecaise the separate vol- umes contain all that can profitably each play, size and'ty There' {8, finally, an “ Indax of ‘The edition as a 1f completed, b the best ever issucd e said on 0] hoeau e they arg of a cunvenient ¢ fur reading. —— MAKING FAT. T, C. Dancan, M. D. Chicago: Danean Rrothers, iesny LD ‘The accret which this pamohlet professes to be sble to divulge fs that oysters. anid milg, and water, and soups tend to produce fat. e do not know that this secrat s true, or, If true, Important. The author, how- ever, secmns Lo conslder them go. e argues that lcanness is & disease, ond that nothing will cure It bus the regimen whicl he presents, Heregards fat as “a store of ma- terial to compensate for waste of t{ssue, under sickness or other circumstances entalling tem- porary abstinenca from food"'; and finding that those who drink a great deal, even if thelr bev- erage be only water, tend to get fat, he advo- cates drinking as a remedy for diasase. It must be sald, however, that Dr. Duncan 18 cautious envugh to recommend only the safest of flulds —miik and water— as the best fat-produccrs, Beer he says Is prlnclpl?y gum and water; und the water without the duin will answer every good purpose. Tho styla of the book ta not dig- nified, and, on that account, it Is less conviuclng than it ought to be, —— LEGAL MANUAT. A Review or LroalL Stumzs: Comprising the Most Mntortal = Parts, ~Hales, Doclrines, Definitions, and Principles of Law Contalned in Dlackstune's Commentariea: Evidence, Contracta, Pleading, Equity, Criminsl Law, &e., Including Fartien to Action Forine of Action, Law Terms, Phi nd Maximns; Complled from Standard Wor red in Reading Law, For Law-Students Preparing for Exam- inatlon and Admission to the Bars Practition. e, Justices, Aldermen, &e. Vol I Pocket Series, By Urie Blickcnaderfer, Altorney and Counselor-nt-Law, Chlcago: E. D, l{nn. 12mo., vp, 203, It would bo mauitestly impossible for this small book to contain a tithe vl what Is claimed for it Ly its pretentious title-page. As it s, it Is a quite serviccable little manusl for the stu- dent, contnining brief aud generally sccurate exolanations of the leading principles of crim- {usl law and equity, It is unuecessarily incume bered with untranalated Latin phrases, and the list of phrases and maxims st the end of the volume is deprived of uch of its value by sotae fifty or eixty typographical errors. FREEMAN CLARKE'S ¥RIENDS. MENORIAL AXD DInGRAFIICAL SKETCHEW. Price, 82, ‘This volume contains notices or sketches of many of Mr, Clarke’'s friends sad contempora- rics, such s Joha A. Audrew, Charles Bum- ner, Theodure Parker, Dr. Howe, Willlam Ellery Channing, and George Denlon Prentice. At the closo are two or thres blographical essays, ap- parently thrown io as makowoights. These sre on Washington, 8hakspeare, snd Jesn Jacaues Housseau. Mr. Clarke has long been in intimate rolations with the forumost men ot Massachuretts in viety, patriotism, and vigor, What e has had to write of them ha has writ- ten well, The volume can hardly fall to'inter- est the thoughtful reader, and ‘the varlety of subjects 1s g0 great that it must nppenl to near- 1y cvery taste. LITERARY NOTES. Prof. Fawcett'sbook on * Free Tradaand Pro- toction” {s just ready fn Bogland. A poem by George Ellot will appear in the July nuinber of Mucmillan's Magazine entitled " A College Breakiast Party." Mudie's Circulating Library In London alone toolk 1,000 coples of Mrs. Drassey's ** Around 'the World fn the Yacht Sunbeaw,” which Hen- ry Holt & Co. will ropublish at once. About fifty young women wlill attempt the Harvard examinatidus this summer,—twenty in Philadelpbla, eleven fn Combridge, five fn Cln- cinnatl, and the others In New York City. Mr. Paul H. Ilayno prints in the last number of the Evolution a careful review of Mr., Edgar Fawcett's poetry, and awards it high pralee, discerning tho promise of great fame for him In the futuro. Wheaton's great treatise, “*The Elements of International Law,” has just oppeared in Chinese, and has been avaln repriuted in Lon- don, while there is not a copy of this American book tobe bought In America. Mr. A, M. Sullivau, M. ¥, 18 sbont to print in Mayfair anew chapter of bis work on “New Ircland,” called out by the murder of Lord Leltrim and the reopenlug of the question of landlord aud tenant lu [reland. ‘Tho American Antiquagian, o journal of Ane thropology, devoted especinlly to early history, Ethuology, and Archwology, will be published qunrtcrly by Brooks & Schinkel, Cleveland, O, (e editor fa the Rev. Stephen D, Yoot, Ashta- buls, O. Terzs, $3 per year, In the June number of the Contemporary Re- wiew Canon Farrar roplies In detall to the various eritlcisms which have been passed upou his boak, *Eternnl Hope,' by the writers who have debated the question of ** Future Punishment " In tho Contemporary for April aud May. ‘The Jost of Mr, Frank R, Stockton's humor. ous ‘* Rudder Graugo " skotchea will appear in Lo July Seribner, under the caption, * Pomons 'akes the Holin at Rudder Grange.” Tho whols serles s to bo publishied in book form m the awwinn, Mr, Stockton will coutribute other I‘llld\el to carly numbers of the same mags- zine, Prof. Justin Winsor hus sn article on “A Choles of Cyclopwedlas" in the June Literary World, 1lis “conclusion is that * Alinost any fair book of reference, thoroughly undorstood, and usod with o froquency that sives facility of congnltatlon, and & knowledgo of what 1o ex- pect from It, Is every way hetter than the best, slightly comprehionded, and rarely used. Tlere 18 o general lack ol acqualutance, among most people, with books of reference. More bu, thuin than use thom, at least fotelligently.” The late Dr, E. 11, Clarke's boolt on “* Vistons" 1s just ready from the press of Houghton, Os- good & Co. Its subrtitle, “A Btudy of False Bights,” tells the atory of Ltho book, which ls an endeavor to explain scientifically various cnaes of apparitions, ste., by referring them to med. fcal causes, © Dr., Clarke became fatnous by his ¢ 8ex fu Education ” hook, but had loug before been kuown in Boston as a very eminent physi- clan, He died lust fall, und a meworial of bim by Dr. Holwzs prefaces this volume. The July number of the Mugasiue of Amen- can atory (A. 8. Barues & Co., New York and Chicago) makes au carly appearance. The lead- {ng bisturical article 1s & record of the uctlon of the Btate of New York i reference to the udontlon_of 1he Coustitution of the United Btutea, Entitled *New York {n the Federal Convention," it recites the aeveral attemipts made to briug the Confederated States fnio a closer union, which culiniuated f she dralt of a now Constitution by the Federsl Conveutlon which met at Philadelphia In the summer of 1784, und a recommendaiun to the Confederate Congress to submit the same for ratitication to the people of the scveral States. HBOOKS NECEIVED, Tux BisLe roi Luanseus, King Index to 0ld Testament. Vol 11, to Josiah; froin Josfah lo the Bunren: Monafc Law. Frepared by Dr. il. ¢ thurized Trauslation. Boston: Roberts Broth- o c‘mcama: Janaen, McClurg & Cu. Fp. 015, rice, $2. A Stuny op Mirntox's Panat By John A. Hiwes, Professor of Lnfi sh Literature fn Pouneylvania College. Philadviptua: J, B. Lip- pincotl, Chicago: Janseu, McClurg & Co. Pp. 287, Price. §. RotuwsLL, By the Autbor of *¢That Husband of Min Huston: Lee & Shepurd. Chicayo: Jansen, McClurg & Co. Pp. 371, Price, §1.30. Tus Ristku AXD T SkTTING FAITH, ANDOTIER 9. By O, Frotbl Losz, . W cagu: Jansvu, PuaNcir Appidcation o rescutation of Machinery, Dy Edward Tooi Editad by lenry Evers, LL.D. w York: Putuaw's Sons, Chicaru: Juusen, McClurg & ¢o. Two Voluied. Pp. 305 and 48 plates, Vrica, #4.50. An-Ba-Ria-Ka, Laxo o» Massycux, Belng the Ex. perience of an Oticer’s Wifeon the Plaius, with 8u Outlios of Indlan Operstions and Conlvrencea from 1843 co 1804, B. Carring- ton, U, 8. A. re. Carrlug. Roviscd. Philadelphis: uf. ton's Nureative, B. ng’uln:ull & Co. Chicago: 5J“‘lnul:, Me- Clurg & Co. Pp, 3 tlce, . Puinku ur Deviax. DY Churles . Uarey, Super. vixor of Drawlug, Publlc Schools, Boston. Bus- tou: Leg & Shepard. Chicave: Jausn, Mc- pai Clurg & Co. Pp, 50. With Many HNiuatratious and Price, 75 ceuts. Picteus. A Novel. By tho p."" Philadelphia: J. Chicazo: Jeussn, McClurg Cu. Pp. 312, Price, §1.25. or Tuk Aviaky. By A, J, Cook. Frofvasor of Eutomology intbe Mickigen State Agricattiral Cotlegs Thoman (. Newton THL Roan-MASTER AssiaTaxT axXn Srce TI0N-Master's Guior, A Mannal of Tiefar. ence for All Havingto No with the Fermanent Way of Amerlcan Haliways. Ry Willlam S, Yecond Editlon. Chicago: Sonw. Pp. 285 Huntington. New York: The Ratlroad Uazelle. p. 276, Puystea or tne InrEcriove Diseasz. Dy €A, Lo L 1), Chi ansen, g2 o M., MO Chiea: MeClarg & Co. P, 212, Price, &1 How Site” Cau®_axto Hnn Kixonox, MClurg & C'a, Pp. 437. Pri Warcn axn Wann. By Henry Jamey, J iloughton, Osgood & Co. Chicag MeClurg & L‘n.M I'p. 210. Price. Burrrrow, Savage, loston: Lee & Jansen, 3cClore & Co. Raker. Bos. ton: Lee¢ & fheps 20: Jansen, Mc- Clurg & Co. Pp, 325, 50. Justixe's Lovere. New York: Marper & Drothers. Chicayo: Jansen, 3McClnrg Co. Fa Pp, 135, Price. 680 eents, Tus Hintonr or 4 Cuixe. By Victor iozo. Franklin Square Library, New York: Hnrper & Brothers,” Chieavn: “Janees. McClarg & Co. Pp. 00, _Price, 10 cents. xz: A Novel. By I. W, M, Lockbart. z. Harper & Birothers. Chicagn: Jan. ren, McClnrg & Co. Pp. 184, DPrice, 40 tents, Tne CieveLer Novews A Moprax 18T Vol. 1. New York: Hsruer & Brother Ci nsen. MeClurg & Co. Pp, 188, Price, STEPrING-STONES: A Story. By Saran Doudney. ew Yark: Anson I). F. Randolph. ~Chicago: Japren, McClarg & Co. Pp. 2iHh. Price, 81, Tits Hussiaxg oF ToeDav. Franklin Square Li- b ll{ the Author of *‘The Member for " New York: liarper & Lrothers. Chica- sen, McClarg & Lo, Po, 8. Price, te, Mratrtous Rurwes ann Porws, Dy C, W, Jer- jiniug. Corning Tn.: Publlehed by the Authur. 'p. $21, Price, 81. PERIODICALS RECEIVED. Lisnany JouxaL—day (F. Leypoldt, New York). ool FAMILIAR TALK. ANECDOTE OF J. B. BOOTIL Mr. James Freeman Clarke, In bis recently- published volume ot * Memorial and Blograph- fcal Bketches,” relates an ancedote of Juntus Brutus Booth, which, If it Is old, has not for mauy years found Its way into prfut. Mr. Clarke was, at the time of his story, preaching in Luulsville, Ky. On the 4th of January, 1334, he received a note, dated at the United Btates Tlotel in that city, lnquiriog whethor a place of {uterment could® be granted {n the churchyard to certaln of the actor’s {ricnde, and also what would be the expenses attendant on the pur- chare of suchi a place of temporary repose. Mr. Clarke answered the note in person, and was cordlally recelved by Mr. Booth. The actor read “The Anclent Mariner' and several po- etical extracts, Then, rising in a very solemn manner, and taking vne of the candics, Bouth sald: * Would you like to look st the re- malosi” Mr, Clarke writes: I assented. Asklog our silent fricnd (Booth's companion) to excuse us, Mr. Booth led me into an adjolning chamber, I lovked toward a bed in the corner of the rom, but saw nothing there. Booth went to annther cornerof the room, whure, spread out uvon a large shicet, beteld to my surprise about bushel of witd pigeons. “*Booth kuelt down by theside of the birds, and with ovldence of sincere alfectiun begau to mourn over them. Ile took themn "E tenderly inhis Lands, and pressed them to his heart. For o few moments ke secmed to forget my presence. For this [ was glud, for It gave mc a little time to recover from my astunishment, and to constder rapidly what it might mean. At fieat thought it was a huax, an In- tentfonal plece of practical fun, of which [ wus to be the object. ~But I declded that this could pot be. I'considered that as a Joke it would be tou poor fa fisclf, and too unworthy a man Hke Booth. Bo I declded that 1t was s sincere conviction. and I deter- mined to treat thy conviction with respect, "1 atsa the motive for this particular course of action, During the weex tmmeuse uatitittes of wild pigeons had been flylne over the city, in thelr way to nnd from & rovef In the neighborhood. These birds had been slaugh- tered by myriads, ond were for sale by tlo bushel at the corners of every street in the clty. Altbough all the birds which could be killed by man made tho smalleat {mpression ou the vast muititudes contalued fin onc of these flocks,—computed by Wil- son to consist sometimcs of more than 2,200,000,000,—vet to Booth the destruction scemed wasteful, wanton, and, from his point of view, waa a willful and barbarous tnurder. “1 could not but fecl a certaln sympathy with his humonity, It was ao error {n & good direction, 1f an fnsanity, it was better than the cold, heartlesa sanity-of most meu, By the time, thercfore, that Buoth was ready to spcak 1 was prepared to ansewer. *+You sec,’ sald he, *these fnnocent victims of mau's barbarity, T wish to testify, in soie ublic way, againsi this wanton destruction of nle. Aud 1 wish you to helpme, Wil youf' 4 Hardly,’ I replied. *I expeeted sometning very differcut {rom this when 1 recelved your note. 1 did not come to vou expecting to be called to asslst at the funcral solemnities of birda.'- * .. 4 ¢ Nor did I sond for you,' he guswered: I megely wrote Lo ask about the lot In the grave vun‘]. But now you aro here, why not hieip mel Do yon fear tho laugh of ment? wiNo,! Ireturned; ‘it I agreed with you in regzard to the subject, I might perhapé have, the courage to act out my convictions. But Ido not Jook at it ns you do. I respect your con- victions, but do not share them. ' “Ho thanked me, and I took my leave, ex- ceedingly astonished by tho incident, but also futercsted fu the earntstoess of conviction of the man. #] heard {o o dav or two that be actually purchused & lot in the eemetery, two or three miles helow the city, had 8 rollin mads, hired n hearso and carrfoge, aud had gone through all the solemnity of o lpegular funeral, For several doya he continted to visit the grave of his litife fricnds, aud mourned over them with a griel which did not seom at all theat- rcal, “In o week orless the tendency to derange- ment In Booth became more developed. One night, when he was tq act, he did not appear; nor was he fuund ot his lodgiugs. He did not coze homo that night, NeXt morning he was fouud in the woods, several miles from the vity, wandering in the snow. Tlis derangement proved tobe temporary, and bis reason re. turned in & fow days. - He s0n loft the elty.” —— ¢ THE RAVEN,” The house where * The Raven'' was written stands on & rocky and commanding ewinence, a fow hundred feet from the corver of Eighty- fourth street and Doulovard avenue, New York, formerly the Blooningdale Road, Itisablain,old fashioned, double-framed dwelling, two storics high, witheight windogyon cach side aud one at eltber gable. Whildat this pluce and previ- ous to the appearaucaof **The Raven," Poe ehild-wife, Virginla, for whom hé had coms to, feel adeeper aflection than that of fraterual love, was prustrated byju scrious fliness. Ani- mation was at thnes, {ndted, secmingly suspended, and oo oue dreary Decem- ber pleht, the poet was agonlzed to find hier cald anid breathless, uud apparent)y deud. In his Jouely, silent viglls, in what was, to all iutents and ‘mr(mlcn, the presence of death, many strange linageries aud much bitter uceusation naturally possessed him. Al ugh latterly devoted to his wife, he had caused her paln fn the Hrat years of his married Hfe by his romautic admiration of other women; and ai aggruvated sense of wrong dune to his lost I one, through his ueglect, not unnatu- ratly came tohim at thls tine, exciting tho most frrattonal remorse. In victuring to himesclf bis wife ns departed, his romorse also forbnde ulm any hope of mecting her in the distant Aklenn of the tuture, With the added factor of some fugitive bird or pet (the Povs alwavs kept them) broakfug tn upon his wild reveries with sowe slight interruption which the poot’s disturbed fancy oxageerated duto sume supernatural visitant an adequate basis for this wmasterplece i#found. . . . Poegot 810 for ** The Raven," not inthose times, itvwvould scew, 8 sui 8o absolutely insigulticant a4 Las been alleged by some of tils blographiers, for, it uust be remen- bered, it appeared anovymously os origiually published.~Gil's Life U’ Joe iz 5 LORD BACON'S PHILOSOYRY. Prof. Draper, in his **Conflict Between Re- ligion sud Bcience,” takes o view of the scien- title value of Lord Bacou's works which is op- posed Lo tue common estimate. Ho has been cubled the suthor of the inductive systcw, or ratber of its reuewed mpplication to scientific researches, but Draper denfes that he is justly entitled to the distinction. “Tu Leonardo da Viud," he says, **and not to Lond Bacon, must be attributed the reualssance of sclence. Bacon was uut auly ignorunt ut watbematics, but de- preciatedits application to physical luquiries. He coutelaptuously srejected the Copervicau svas tem, allegiug sbsurd objections to it. While Galileo was 6u the brivk of Lis great télescople discoverles, Bacun was publlsbiog doubts as tu the utllity of instruments lu scientiic luveati- utions. ~Tu aseribe the fuductlye wcthold to fihnu to lzuure bhistury. His fauciful plllo- sopbical speculutions Juve uever besu uf (e == slightest practical value, No one has ever thought of employing them. Except amoug Englist readers Ina name is almost unknown.” SPARKS OF SCIENCE. THE HEALTIHY STANDARD. Youask a very practical question. ¢ fow much should a person of a giveu helght welgh, ~Is there a atandard between height and wwelght(" A healthy chlid, male or female, grows in length by more than one-halt Its size duriog the first two vears; it Increases from G0 cent. (19.043 inches) to about 70 cent. (31.10 Inchics). It trebles or quadruples Ita walizhss that is_tn say, ft welrhs i tu 4 kil at birth (equals 734 to 10 1he.)s 10 Kil. (25 bs.)in the first 121, (30 1bs.) In the second. he average, a child (from 6 mnnths to # yenrs) grows iolength about 8 ceht. each year {vqual 24122 Inches); the weight of the hody goes on increasing to the Sth year, rising in_hoga to 20 kil. (70 Ibs.) and in girls to 19 Kil. (4714 1bs.). From this age (8 years) until huber- 1y, boys eare in helght 55 cent. (2,105 fect) cach year, reaching, at the age of 12 years, a heliht of 183 cemt. (over 4.52 feet), and girls 135 cent. {4,421 feet), on the average. Boys gain about 2 kil, (3 1ba.) 40 welzht per year, girls a Itttle more, 80 that iu the 13th year children of bnth sexes weigh on the average shout 30 kil. (751bs.).” *“From 13 Lo 20 years. youths grow some 30 cent. (114 Inches), wirls 20 cent. (7.8 fnches). he increase of welght Is even maoge rapid than hefure, reaching 59 kil (145 Ihs.)in boyn 18 years 1! nd fo glrls of the same age 51 kil. (127 b . “Tn the 25th venr, the man is 168 cent. (over 514 rnt? in hejeht, and welghs G3 kil (15715 1hs.), while the woman Is 157 cent, (5.15 feet) in heleht, and welghs 53 kil (12734 1bs.). Man jo the $0th year attains his maxlnum welght, (1.6 kil (150 “1bs.), and then bezins to lose feal, Women continae to grow heavier, reaching about b0 ki, (140 1hs.), until the K0th year. le- tween 45 and 60, mea hecume miora corpiutent and women rapidly grow alder: In both, the size of the body ditninishes.’” (Wagner.) It 18 desirabli for all persons, whether sufer- ing tn health or otherwlise, to knuw as near as poselble what the normal welght should be, We are indehted to the lzte Dr. John Hutchinson for welghing alone 2440 men at various agcs. There {s indeed an obvious relatlon between the helght aud the weight le su pertinaciousiy welzghed and measured; startlog with the lowest wen in the tables, t will be fouud that the in- crease weleht was ns nearly as posalble five vounds for avery inck fu helrht beyoud alxty- one inches, The following figures ahow the relative height and weight of fudividuale measuriug fve feet aud upwards: Fet. Inches, 2 48 3 3 z o 4 b 4 3 o [ 7 8 0 10 11 rhould be. [ 0 « should be.. —Dr. Duncan's How to lte P'lump. TIE BASIS OF SPECTRUM ANALYSIS Light-seuders are really paticles of bodies in vibration, and if thers be no vibration thera will be no sending out of light. The reason why things such as gas, flames, candles, the sun, and ather bodies send us out light s this: that they areina state of encrgetic vibratlon,—In thut state which we generally call hot. The hotter a thing is, or, in other words, the more energetic are its vibratlons, the more com- plete, stable, and etrong are the vioratlons of the parta of which that thing is composed, The modern pivsicist ‘tells us that the stones of which 8t. Taul's Cathiedral {s built consist of milllons upsn nillions of small particles called molecules; and that although St. Paul's Cathedral eecms to be absulutely at rest,as il it would last forever, and ulthough each particular stouc seems equally so, yet when you et down lnto the - tinite structure of each stone, and of every part of the fabric, you get nothine but a multi- tudinous ovesn of motlon. \What sppears to us solid and at rest is absolutely In a perpetunl state of unrest,—in fact, its stability consists in its stato of unrest, ‘The difference hetween a source of light such as & glowing solid or liquid, which, when an- alyzed, ives us a continuous spectrum, and u gas or vapor, which does not give a continuous sp:ctrum, and which docs not therefore give us white 1izbt, (s simply this: that in the casc of asca aud vapors which are prodiuced by the atom<llssocintiug ‘power of electricity avd bLeat, those moiecules which give us thota col- ored phenomenn differ only from the larcer oucs which wive us a continuous spectram in that, owlpy to the sction upon the one haud of clectricity, und upon the other hand of heat, they nre much siimpler than the others. In recard to elementary tuatter, weliave, first of all, this facl: that if tiie particles under cx- amination send us white light, we get acon- tinuous sucetrum from it} therefore, when we have ta deal with white lizht, we kuow that we are dealing with a matter in a solld, or lquid, or densely gaseous state, but wo do not kuow what matter it Is. But when we have got the matter simplificd so that its particles ive us colored Mizhit, then we tind that po two substauces with “which weo are acyuainted aive us the pawme sets of lines, llouce the orima of the term spectrum analysts, us tho study of the spectrutn thus us to tell one substancs from another. wer's Stectrum_Anaiyais. Elsewlhero in the same work Mr. Lockyer shows that Spec- trum Analvsis has mierely to do with molecules, or particles, of a body; that theso determine the character of the wnole body; and that the light eitted (rom them vau only e acparated into Its constituens clements by tlio uso of some apparstus lks that contained iu the spectro- scope. —— SOURCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASFES. All of the infectious alscases undoubtedly posscas an original Aabltat, whsre it s probable they are now as always capable of spoutancous origin tn thelr primitive form, whatever that may be. The difllculty of tracing diseass-types through various localitles, and among different peoples of tha globe, have, up to this time, pre- vented o preeise knowledee upon thu point, which tine may yet brinz us, It seems tolor- ably certain, hawever, that the several acute In- fectious alseases named below have tho nativl- ties here attributed to them. The Cholera—Has its homo in Indis, The Sn;l)g-l’u—-'}ullhn E;lt.' Koowa {n China nearly 1,200 years before Cl 3 The PiagusAn Orleatal dlseasc, Lua s dis- tinct ecogruphical range. The Typhus Fewer—Ireland is its Lirthplace, The Typhoid and Kelapsing Fewrs—Have fixed centres In Ireland, Galicls, Upper Silesla, and soma provinces of Northern Italy.. The Millary Faer—li endemic fn 8 few proviuces of Frauce, Germauy, aud Italy, Sewrlatina—Yrobubly vative to Arabla, Lyideinic Dysentery—~{lome in the lru]nlu. The Dengue—lu Bouthern lutitudes,withsharp weographical tluits, ?fi. dlow Fever—Dlstinctly traced to the An- tilles, The habalungo—Chill The Verruga—teru. Certain it scems that no general influence of exposure or even bad l:rmlunw surroundings will establish the typical diseaso awoy from fin loval bubitat, except through the penulties of heredity.—Logan's Physicsof the Infictious Dis- enves PHONOGRAPII AND MICROSCOPE. An examination of the phonograph record under the microscope hias recently been made w England, aud the reaults have been described In Nature: *Loug E (uray) an the screvn, looked ke two Judiun clubs with the bandles together, The saute gencral resemblunce 18 observed fn E short, except that, as lu A short, the volume of routd belnie less, tholutensity was duss, or (what ts the messure uf fotensity) the vath of tho ncedle-polut wus shorter, and it scldum eutirely cleared the 1ofl, the cousequence being a contin- 1ous groove of Irregular, but norwally irregutar, width. 1 loog and [ short ars much alike o general form, a3 also are O l\mfil aud O short, the coupling of the pairsof the latter Letng the most striking feature. stuuw the difference fn shava produced by less intcusitles, the short belng druwn out, acd more acicular. Ol s vera Intercating. Tho dl{:muux cousists of short Oand short I, und the very wolds which characterize thelrsounds are to bo oo~ sorved. O\ presents s composite character, but ita derlyation has not yet been mado out.” SCIENCE NOTES, Arrangements bave beeu wady for testing the utmost powers of carrier-plizeous, by o tlicht of 700 wlles, from Roue to Brusséls, vn June 24 There are more thau 60U birds entered for the race, but ft 1s ot expected that over balf a dozen will succeed In wuking thic journcy, o9 ou the last test-race for great distances, ouly abous 1 per cegt of the birds arrived st thelr distina- tion, ‘The Hue of the projected race crosses Mouat St. Guthard, uud it 13 supposcd that the U long and U short besy i successful binds will takeithe direct course, which must carry them ofer the peak, at 10,004 fect above the sca-level,? 1l Mr. Herbert Speafes remembers his Bible. su oft-quoted passage’must hinve occurred to him on Sunday (appebpriately)—** A pronhet ig not without hanor save in his own country and smonz bls own people.”” On that day, In (an. he has been svending o few days, & senl P dinner . was en to the Englisk hilosoplier by ‘o number of his admirers, headed the well-known publisher AQ Germer-Balfliiere. Mr. Bpencer, {n replying to tho toast” of his health,—and he actually replied to g toast, and that too in o etyle not uch out of the common,~hinted that ne tvns better known oud hetter appreciated In France thun In England, where, 8o far as we know, ho never appeared cither on a publicor seml-publls wceaston, A decldedly social evening secms to have buen nassed by the sssembled anvants, Mr. Hpencer concluding his genial avd eompli- mentary reply by drinking to the pecalinely l-re‘l'u: ntimeni—Brothierhood (2 ta srakernile)e ~Nature. ¢ THE ELECTRIC LIGHT. I Advantages in Manafactorles. ZLandon Journal of Avplied Science. Tho epplicstion of electricity for lghting secms at last to nhave been accomplished. For some time the magneto-clectric machiues of Gramine have Leen used {n the lighting of cer- tain factorfes In Paris and its nefghborhoud, and the number goes on Increasing, and whers'the celiings are lofty and direct light applicabla the succesa is perfect. Among the establishients sv lighted arc thoseof Call & Co., etgincers; Lautler, Lamonnier & Co., the makers of tho Uramme wachine, hoth of Paris; and ‘Thomas & Pawell, of Rouen, and at the Fiyes-Lille works., The system of direct lighting, however, is not applicable to weaving and sppinoing sheds, the cellings of which are too low; the light i3 twuch too lotemse, aod every- tang which Impedes {t—ahafts, driving bands, aud machines—creates Intense black sbadows. The problem was to get @ light which, llke that of the run, allows ob- Jects to be acen by reflection ;*and this has beea achleved by throwing the lht by meansof a byperbolic reflector on the whitened ceilings and wulls, when the machinery Is suilicicntly llumivated by reficetion to cause evervthing to 3 be seen ns un s brignt, sunny day, while the P rye 18 not fatigued, nothiog 18 painfully brill- » fant, aud noihiog obscure.” A “wool-spinning fuctory at Daours, fu the Department of tho Buwnnie, covers an arca of 4,730 squaro fect: it is o ground floor, 140 feet long, thirty-live 3 fect-wide, and the cciling I3 twelva fect from the floor, This celling is éomposed of planks : and laths, and s, like the walls, limo-washed. K The electric leht is supplied by two lamps, 7 placed ut a heizht of six sect Iron tha Hoor, an: ) thrown upon the celling by means of conical 5 reflectors, which prevent,the diffusion of any 4 direct leht whatever, The deflected lght is reflected and diffused In all directions from tho jeelling and the walls, and without shadows. The Habt is much superior to that given by ordinacy guss it is soft und at once locar ant generul In ull parts of thy work. The forcwan, soated at his desk, hins plenty of lizht for working at his booka, and sees ull over the buflding; thus tho grand inten- eity of electric lght Is ut ouce utilized and mod- erated. ‘The machinery is at one cnd of the fae- tory, and is driven by a belt from o water wheet, ‘This mode of Iizhting has bLeen in use for snore than a yeary the cost of the motive power 1s alinost nil§ vach lainp consumes from three Lo four tuches ol the carbou point per hiour, uud the cost of Lhis beini one cent per fnch, the cost of the two lumps is 24 per hour, The seventy ‘gu Jets by which the factory was formerly ighted cost 1a 84 per hour, We could enumer- ato several other factories where the licht has been used successfully for nure than a year, but ) will ouly sum up some of its advantugzes. Be- [ #ldes ita cheapness the effect upon color 18 an mportant consideration; it s found X with the electric lizht even the darkest colors £ are worked st night quite as easlly as in tho ! dayttine, Another fmportant consideration s that of dre; an clectric lump repluces from fifty to scventy Jets of gas; they require no hand lumps or matclics to Iight them,—a most im- purtant conshlerations and lastly the lamps are completely lnclosed in gloss Juuterns, 8o fin- 2 Jortantars thesu tacts that insurante companics i have offered to fnsure factories lighted by eloctricity at lower rates than usual, The elecs R trle Light requires but ittle preparation. The ks wecessary tuuchines aud lambs cau be sct up fu ¢ Y a few hours; all that {s required 13 to keep the v greasc-boxes of the machites full, and to clean tha latter dally. The niectric Hzht does not affcet the temperature of the factory, aud vou- sequently dues not dry-the alr, nefther does it consume any GXygen nor charge tho atmosphers with carbonic” acid and other producta of combustion, Tho fact of its uot laviug at- tered the appe ce of colurs has cnused it to y pe used by d; The expenssof the electric ) light Is given as followa: The cost of the tna- ¥ ¢hine, with lamp giving licht equal to 500 carcef e Jebs, is about £1X), and thesa will represent Irom. 2 ilfy to soveuty gas jeta, according tu clrcom- 1 stanices. The ™ puwer re-]ulml Is cqual to two- TR borae steam power, aud the cost of carbon- s polute, as ulready stated, fs 24 per hour for each lamp. When the powerts that of water, the cost {8 Inconsiderable, and when that of cosl hasto hetsken into account for the steam engine, ft amcunts to 2d per hour, bring- 1ng the tutal up to 4d per hour, and Jubrication 1s net down at about 5(d more, while the wear of the machinery lsreganied as nil. Takivg for the Losis that the clectric lamp ouly replaces tho wilntmuw nuber of gas jets, namely, Gity, it 1s seven times clicaper than gas, motive power nos included, and lour times cheaper, taking the cost of driving as csthinated above, ‘These facts mmnm & strong cade, ond tho success 'which has been obtained Ls oaslly ascer- . talned. A porfect light, as regards colors, 4 which ueither injures the eyes of the workpeo- v ple, nor renders factories unhealthy by contam- g wating the air, while Immenseiy reducing the risk o fire, and which saves 76 per cent ou the cost of coslghting, posscsscs so wany advau- 4 tages thot it is ouly surprising that the monue ¥ facturers are not moro eager to accept it at L once. The experitaents in thoe clectric Hehting : with the Gramme machine o now dully repeuts edattho Palals de l'Industri, in Parls. An arcaof 12,000 square yagis is lighted by two electric lustres of aix lamps each, suspended at twanty-seven yrrds from the ground, The power 1s suppilea by two steam enwines of lwct{;flvu horse-power each. It would take 10,000 candlesto yield an wquivalent light ou the our, or 80, to illuntuate the whole lr-cu a8 thorougnly. At tirst thero wos but a wingle lustre, uu-{ then used two, and it 1s pro- posed soon to introduce three. It is undere stood that during the Intoruational Exhibltion thera will be tests made of the various methods of lignting streetsjndjuaildings with electrieity, and tha relative value of the ditferent systems will be determined. Une divisfon of tho ex- hibitlon is to be dovoted excluslvely to elce- trictty, Although It is conceded that the lght alforded by eloctriclly 1 far superior to sny otherwise available, soims diiference of ontuion exists regarding the superfority of tho several apparatus now_ {utroduced, sud the compara- lK‘a vipense. Measures are to be taken to in. suro the utimost lmiwmuw n the experiments, and the results will be anticlpated with great interest. - ———— A REMINISCENCE. . ‘, Tsaw the wild honoy-beo kissing a rose, = A Wee oh, that grows i Dawn Jow va the bush, whero ber sisters above B Canuot scu ufl that's done a“ Aw the moments roll on, < Nor hesr all the whispers and murmurs of love, They dlauut out their beautiful leaves in the suu, And they irt, every oue, ‘With the wild beos who pass, und the gay butter- cs, y And that weo thing In plok— ks Why, they ncver once think ‘That abe's wou & Juver righl uuder thelr oyes, 1t rominded me. Kate, of o time—you know whea! £ Yoo werv so petite then, Your dre . s vwra abort, sud your fect wereso m)\"u:r sioters, Maud:Bella udvline—wetl, Thoy Both et their cape for me, after that ball How t‘nn bx'“' eyessud black eyes smilod up iu my ace *Twas a ucck-and-neck raco, TUIL that day when you opeiied the dose n the ball, And jovied up, and looked down, 3 With your sweet vyes ul browu, Aud you svewed so tiny, and J fult w0 tall Your slsters bad sent you to kevp me, wy dear, Tl thoy whould apucar. 1 Then you wers dismilssed, hike a child fu dusgrace. e How meckiy you went! i But your brown oyes, thoy sent A thrill towy boart, and aush to iy face, We -l-uv;_ were meetiog sowma way sfter that. ‘ou huug up wy bal And got It gsin ‘Whett 1 dolabiea my call. bat, en | dolsbed teen, aud 50 sweoll U 1hoav cute Nitie feet! Bball T ever forget huw they tripped down tho un' Sbal 1 nvar'l&rm the na]m:k'::zy:&n door, T the vows s Or the roge aud surprise of Maud-Belle? Wall-a« How swiftly tlme flows! That & bes could Lave casried v 90 far sway? < . i