Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, April 30, 1878, Page 4

[ 4 THE CHICAGO 'l‘lllBU‘NJE: TUESDAY, APRIL @ 0, 1878, Thye Taibune, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. Y MAU—IN ADVANCE—TOSTAGE PREPAID, Bpecimen coples sent tree. {ifve Post-Ufiice address In full, Inclnding State and County. Remittances mayhe made efther by draft, express, Fost-Ofice order. of In registered letters, at our risk, TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIDERS. Daily, deltvered, Sundsy excepted, 25 ceats per week. Tatly, delivered, Sunday incinded. 20 cents per week, Adcres THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madfson and Dearborn-sts., Chicago, Til, Orders for the dellvary of Trie Taiauxxat Kvanston, Engiewood, sod Hyde Iwrk Jeft In the counting-room Wilirecelve nromut at TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES, ‘TNE CRICA00 TRIRUNE has established branch ofiices for the recelptof aubecrivtionsand advertisements as follow: NEW YORR—Room 20 7ribune Building. F. T. Mo+ Fappes, Manager, nl‘amfi. France—No. 18 Rue de Is Grange-Batellere. AMUSEM MeVicker's Théatre. Madirop ireel, between Dearborn and State, “Qur Aldermen.” Flooley’s Thentre, Tandoirh streer, between Eogsgement of Mad. Modjesks. at and_LaSalle. *Camille.” Tinverly’s Thentre. Monroe street, corner of Dearbarn, JoshHart's Pan- orama of the Chicago Fire. New Chicago Theatre. Clark street, opposite Sherman Ifouse, Engage. ment of Mme. Rents's Female Minstrels. **Female Forty Thleves.” Coliseam. 4 Clark street, opposite new City-Tiall. Engagement of O, W, Thompson. **Yawcup.” Varlety entertaln- ment. Afterncon and evening, White Rtocking Park. Lake Shore. foot of Washingion street. Exhibition game by the Chicag 30 BOCIETYX MEETINGS. . A. CABIMAN LODGE.—An Emergent Communl. catfon will be held o’ thelr ‘hail. corner Weat Maditol and lobey-sta,, Wednesdsy Morning, Mav 1, At By giclock. to atfend the funeral of 'liro, Croshy, Carrlages furnished. f'er order W, M. 4. A DULGTLASS, Becretary. TUESDAY, APRIL 30, 1878, Greenbacks at the New York Btock Ex. change yesterday closed at 993 in coin, Tho freight business of tho railronds in Kansas and Nebraska is ropresented as 1m- menso at the present time,.twenty extra trains, comprising 580 londed cars, having been drawn into Atchison, Kas.,last Sunday, The near futuro, at least, promises an oqual activity, as orders for cars are piling by the bundreds shond of the railrosd people of that section. Judge Bawyen, of the United States Court in 8an Francisco, has decided that n China. man is not & white person within the mean. ing and intent of the Naturalization laws, and s thereforo not entitled to become n citizon of the United Btates, The casa will bo taken on appeal to the United States Su- preme Court, whera local prejudice will have no influence upon the decision, e — Tho heavy rains of, the past weck waro far frpm boing the calamity that they seomed to people who had- begun to contemplato the necessity of moving their household goods by water on the 1st of May. 'Iho enormous roinfall was & godsend to the lumbermon of Wisconsin and Michigan, who are Leing enabled to float their logs by millions down tho swollen streams; whilo the stornge of molsture in the ground against the possibla drouths of July and August is to the farmeds almost a guarantee of a repotition of the tremendous crops of 1877, Tho probable action of the House Donio- crata in the Electoral disturbauce is fora- shadowed ina briof Associated Press dispatch from Washington. It is intended to pass o resolution authorizing the Ju- diciary Committee to send for per. vons and papers in the investigation of ¢he Florida cass—not with a view to disturb. ing tho tenure of Prosidont Haves, but sole- ly fur effect on the political campaigns of 1878 nnd 1830, That this is as far as the majority of the Democrats will cousent to go is quite probable; but there may ba some troubla in carrying out the programme kmoothly, as the Republicans aro quite likely to Insist that TrLozx's adventares in the Oregon business, and the allegoed at- tempts to purchace Presidential Electors in Bouth Carolina, are likewise proper subjects of investigation, % In the case of the rag-picker Snvono, the mnrderer of young MoCu, it will ho impos. sible for the vast majority of our citizons to vepress a flerce desiro for tho infliotion of & punishment more swilt, certain, aud terrible than the ordivary process of law can insuro, ‘The crimeis of a character calenlated to excito publio horror and indignation to the highest pitch—na brave lad, faithful to his duty, shot through the heart by a brutal desperado, It is of course to be assumed, ccrtainly to Lo hoped, that the prosent excitement will lend no further in the direction of ven. geance than to demand in thunder tones of tho authoritics that the fiend Bimoxo bo speedily triod, convicted, sentenced, and bangod for the murder of Nicuoras McCue; that logal quibbles and technicalities shall not obstruct the swift course of retributive Justice, 'This is the loast that will satisfy community exasperated to the last limit of endurance ; let the law officers look to it that the limit is not overstepped through théir fault in this caso, for the people are tired of secing justico juggled with, and will ssck & remedy of their own choosing if driven to it In the coutest botween tho two sides in the Common Council, the Reformers and thoTazeaters, the Reformers appear to havo won the gawmo by a score of 20 to 14, The prizo was the organization of the Commit- tees, and in tho list which was successful, when compared name for name with the list whiclh was defeated, will be recoguized a gratifying victory for economy and honesty in the Council. Itwili be seen that Lawwres, CuLLrsToN, Ryaw, McUavrary, aud the rest of that crowd have been located where they cau do the least harm; while the opposing cloment has been able to secure a most excellont composition of all the ijwportant Committees. ‘There is small cowmfort for the Contractore' Ring in the mako-up of the Comuittee on Public Buildings ; there ia still less for MiLpmury sud Tox Stour in the Committee on Elec- tious, 'The vote by which the list of Com. mittees was adopted is wortby of reproduc. tion here as indicating the Aldermen who msy be depended upon to continue the poliey of rotrenchment and honeaty which tho old Council in the main pnrsned; Tens—Pransoxs, Trrey, BALLARD, Sixngns, Preira, GinReat, MaLLony, Reonpan, Beionen, Swrrn,' Coow, Tnnoor, Seatow, Rawresom :nnxrnn!. K %*r, Braunem, Nigsgx, WaLpo, Tonxen, Lonbixa, CoLLERTON, xi, LAwien, Einzsen, McNvn- TTERER, JAXAsENR, McCATPRET, ¥EY, R Joxas--14, Aspecial dispatoh from Washington to last evening's Journal says: ‘Tho first sieps towards resforing KAPHARL 8runes, of the Uonfederate pirate versel Alanama, was taken in the Senate to.day by Mr. McCnrznr, of Kentucky, who presented s petition, wigned by & nnmber of ‘Skxwss’ admirers, asking that he be asnigned to daty In connection with the llawaatr Arctic exploring expedition, Mr. McCrerny hoped this would receive favorabie conaideration on ac. connt of the theary advanced reganling the North Pole by Srswsa’ father. The ron \was anxious to prove that his father was right in bia theary, and was wiiling to take ail the rlex fneident 1o thin ex- pediton in order to do mo. The assiening of Sexxreto this expeditfon wonld bo virtaaily his entry into the Government service agatn, As Raruaxy Seaates has long beon dead, wa aro at a losa to understand why his ad- mirers want him o go to the Arctie regions unless they have heard from him to the effect that ho is dissatisfied with the climate of his present locality, 'Tho gentlemau who wants to gois the son of Syuumes, who is anxions to prove that the hole at the North Polo his father 80 long argued really oxists. We can- not Lelp, however, admiring the conserva. tism of the Journal, which sends Bxuatrs' sonl in search of Syaaes’ hole. The condition of the couuty’s finances, a3 ascertained by a caroful search of the books and reported to the Board yesterday, had the effect of exciting the ire of Commissioner Frrzoerarp, who seems to comprehend with difficnity the fact that tho era of cooked-up reports, opinions, etc., is a thing of the past. 1t was, of course, nggravating to Frrzeerarp nnd his crowd, but at the same time emi. nently appropriate that this report, showing the depleted condition of the County Treas- ury, shonld be presented and published nlongside of the proposition of the Ring to vote Warzen $29,000 in tho shape of extras for tho uso in the Court-Iouse walls of thicker stone than that called for by the contract. This sum, a clear donation at the best, is over $7,000 in excess of that which Architect Eoan reported that WaALKER was in equity entitled to; it is $7,000 more than ‘Warxen expacted to got or will ever receive for his ** share,” and the surplus will be dis- tribated * where it will do the most good.” ‘Which is why the statement of the county's financial condition was so unpalatablo yes- terdsy to ceriain of the Commissionors, — FRAUDULENT BAMMY, Day by day the Ameriean peopla aro be. coming more and more convinced that Sast. vEL J. TiLpeN is not ouly a notorions moral coward, but that he is o good deal of a snoak sud a fraud. The opportune moment for Lim to havo folsted himself into the Presi- dantial office was before the pnssage of the Electoral Commission act, when tho Demo. cratic majority in tho House lind it in their power to declare him clected, and to olther seat him in doflance of the Senato or to pre. cipitate civil war, or to forco the Republicans to nccopt some advantageous compromise, If Axpnew Jacksoy, or bis little prototype Axprew Jounsson, had been standing in Tie- DEN'8 Alioes, thie opportunity for a first.class row would not have becn permitted to pass unimproved. Dut the moral power of tho Democratio popular majority at the last elec- tion, and the abuormal condition of affairs in Louisiaus, and the vantage.gronod held by the Domocratain tho House of Represonta- tives were not made nvailable because of Sast- veL J. TiLoeN's cringing cowardice and de- ficioncy of power as a successful loader of o Rreat party, Asngreat sneak he is much moro of n snccess; aud with Coxkriva's aid ho moy yet develop into some kind of o character renlly 50 conspicuously bad as to become historic. It is already pratty wall sottled in the pub. liomind that he swindled tho Government out of the mafor portion of Lis income tax, which no doubt constituted n part of that **bar'l" of monoy which enabled him to pur. chaso the nomination at 5t. Louts, nnd get the support of impecanions Democratic newspapers. He noxt dickered with Groves, of Oregon, for a portion of the Electornl vote of that Btate, but the trade did not pan ont worth a cent, and the speculation ter- minated badly for all concernod, Binca the dispnte about the constitutionality of Afr, Hares' clection lina boen settled according to law,—a lnw which TiLpen's own personnl and political friends in Congroess voted for and eanctioned,—the poor old man has yearned for the baublo of the Presidency worse than ever, and his insnno desires have been stimulated by Learing every Democratio State Convention continually harping upon “the great fraud " that the Flectoral Com. mission perpetrated upon. popular institu. tions, Hence the efforts of the conspirator Bramx aud Lis co-conspirator Coxxiing to uproot what hns beon done under the sanc- tion and form of law, and to got Saarxy's case reopencd 8o that, if he cannot bo seated 1n the Executive Manslon, he can at least obtain asort of pre-emption upon the Democratic nomination in 1880 by being constantly held up bafore the eyes of his admiring country- men as the victim of a fraud and o martyr to good order, bacauso Lo was too big a coward to vindicate his rights, 1f he had any, To this end tiie recent disclosures in rogard to the Florida election bave boen concocted, and, although the drunken dead-beats and indicted eriminals who bave appeared before the public with their “conlerionl“ soem to be acting from the stings oka quickenod oconsclency, it is gradually ledking out that Triprx's money bas had moro (o do with quickening those parjured rasoal? than the pricks of remorss. The Land way ba the hand of Esav, but tho voice is. ths voice of Jacon. The two scamps that just now stand before the public gaze s buse per- jurers upon their own voluntary confession are quite as much entitled to our respect as the men who stand behind the curtain to inspire their tools with bad motives and fill their moutha with cunning lies, Mr. TiLoex was bred in a political school that wes remarkable for its craftiness and corruptions, He seems to bave coustructed his pullio career nfter the model of Martin Van Busew, whose crafty conduct acquired for him the sodriguet of ** tha little sly fox ot Kinderhook; but *“little Van's” political intrigues were often crowned with suc. cess, while little Baxuy's ure always des- Liuad toend fn dofeat and disappointment, venthelato WrrLan M. Tweep, with whom TiLoex was for & long time intimately asso- ciated in political deviltry, found Sax a dull scholar in the very direction where he seemed to have a natural tendency and in- stinct, and while the great Democratic Boss stole the metropolitan city poor, his pupil could only boast of cheating the revenue out of a few thousand dollars, and wrecking a few poverty-stricken railroads. ‘TiLoxslacks the cunoing of Vax Busxw and the crafti- ness of Tweep, but possesses the meanness of both. If e bad halt the sagacity with which some of his stupld ediirers credit him, he would select his tools from a supe- rior clase of raseals, and obacure the doviltry of his plans with the bold. ness and ability of their execntion, Mir. ToN invesls the flends that foll from Heaven with cournge, andacity, and plack; but Truoes's imps have no such manly qual- ities to offset ngainst their inherent euesed- noss. Liko their master, they are ordinarily sharp and shrowd ; always menn and under- handed; habitunlly base and hypoeritieal; never decent, sincero, and far-secing. Tir- orY's legal training ought to have given him a decper insight into human nature than he seems to posaesa; but the ordinary experi. enceg of life and of transpiring events he is not able to turn to his own advantage. If the chief actors in the Louisinna business were not above snspicion, and if the charac. ter of tho Returning Doard noutralized tho moral power of their pnblic acts, to some extent Treoxs's tools and conspirators, whose confessions have just disgusted publia decency, 80 far eolipse the badnessof WerLs, Axpensoy & Co. that the warning of the Touisiana imbroglio was of no avail. It is now most respectfully suggested to Ar. TiLoeN and his co-conspirators, includ. ing his Republican allies and abottors, that they give tho conntry n little rest. If he ever ‘had any chanco to invalidate the elec. tion of Mr, Haves, it was during the sitting of the Elecloral tribunal, when inquiry and investigation wore in order. He inglo. riously failed then to make out a ense, and he cannot expect to reopen it now, when many sober-minded mon who voted for him rejoice that ho wns defeated. In the laugungo of one of the nctora of a popular play, Samuy is not **all wool and a yard wide,” Heis shoddy, andlacking in breadth, Ho has a winning way to make people de- spise him, and the moro they sge of him the more they don't admire him. As to Brame, CoxkriNag, CaaNpLER & Co., and the other Republican sorc-headed Im- placables who would bo gind to meo Mr. Iaves in trouble, they are sowing to tho wind and will reap the whirlwind, **Whoso liggoth n pit shall fall therein,” is a good old proverb that they would do well to adopt as an approprinte motto to place on the paper which is nged for their private correspond. enco, THE MISSISSIPPI LEVEE SCHEME. Taz Trisune's explanation of Capt. Cow- DEXN's practical and economical plan for re- liaving the Mississippt River from overflows hos alarmed the New Orleans Times, which hos been one of the most pig-hended advo- catos of the lovee scheme. The Times is ovidently of the opinion that sensible and honest men, inside and outsido of Congress, will prefer to risk 2230,000 for the purpose of opening a new and adequate outlet as a measure of relief, rather than invest un. counted millions in a leveo schemo 1,200 miles long, tho efficiency of which is at the best problematic. Honce the Times brenks ont into insolent abuse of Capt. Cowpex and Tie Trisune, closing witha whining plea that only $4,000,000 is asked for tha leveo schems 70w, and ** after that, wo are willing to place our claims for a great aystem ndapt- edto the redemption of alluvial lands, and the improvemnnt of the river channel, before Congresa.” 'That Is to sny, the modest sum, of 14,000,000 is all that is nsked na a pre- liminary appropriation, after which comes the deluge. Tho ultimato cost of the leveo system 1mny be estimated on some datn farnished by Capt. Cownen. At highest watar, the Missisaippi Ttiver is prac- tically 40 milen wide and avernges a dopth of 10 to 20 feet. To confine this vol. ume of water within cmbaukments the river would need to bo 25 feet higher than now. and this would determine the height of the levees, This allows nothing for the in- creasing floods from the tributarios on both sides. Tho lovees, then, would need to be at lenst 25 feot high and 300 feet wide at the base, or equal to 704,000 yards to the milo. Lho construction of such an embankment, at the rate of 25 conts per cublo yard, would ¢ost 3176,000 a mile, or 176,000,000 for 1,000 miles on one side, and na much more on the other side. 'This will bring the total cost of leveeing the whole distance up to $152,000,- 000, fucluding tho cost of the land necessary to be purchasad, which wouldadd &20,000,000 moro perhaps, This is the very modest and patriotic sort of thing which the promoters of the loveo syatem desire the Government to undertake for tho beneflt of private inter esta ! Capt, Cownex's plan, as wo hava alrendy oxplained, is to make an opening into Lake Borgne (reelly a part of tho Mississippl Sound), building two ombankments paratiel with encli othier, about a mile npart, to pro- tect the neighboring plantations from over. flow, aud to allow the water to flow into the sonnd or bay between these embankmonts, 'This plan would converta presont fnll of 14 feot at o length of 110 mules to tho mouths of the river ioto a fall of 14 fect at a length of seven or eight miles, thus furnishing at once ashort cut from Now Orleans to the bay for the benefit of the consting trado, and at the same time drain. lug the niver of 6 to 10 feet of flood water by reason of the greater impetuosity of the fall, The statistics of the averaga high-water mark show that the ontlet futo Lake Pont. chartrain (above New Orlenus), which the river made for itself, hns already reduced the flood-tida reveral feet, and the proposed outlet into Lake Borgre (below New Orlenns) would effect 8 proportionately larger drain and lower the rivor still more all tho way up to Memphis. ‘The New Orleans Z'imies undertakes to op- pose this scheme pn two grounds: First, it says that, if this wero to be tho effect, then Cubit's Gap, an outlot into Bay Rondo, would have accomplished tho purpose, Now, the fact is that the so-called Cubit’s Gap is littlo elso than one of the mouths of the river, and furnishes no fall whatover, s the river at the point where it is diverted into Bay Rondo is on a lovel with the sea, There was no reason, therefore, why this diversion should bave been expected to lower the river, as has been the case with the outlet into Lake Pontclartrain, and as will be the case in an outlet into Lake Borgune. Soo- ondly, it is contended that such an outlet ns Capt. Cownen proposes will fill cp Lake Borgne as well as Lake Pontohartrain, and fiuslly stopnp its own chauriel ! This is a 1nost ridioulous proposition, o far as filling up aud stopping its own channel is con. cerned, for it must be based on the theory that the greater the impetuosity and decliv- ity of a river the greater the tendeucy to daw itself up and cowe to a standstill, This is reversing the-uatural order of things. But here is what the knavish or brainless advo- cate of & huge job has to say about it: The Misalssipol would otill roll on in omne solubls avwin, gatheriog ite sediment from the Rucky Mountalas, from Peunsylvacis, New York, Ohio, Tenncasse, Missourl, Arkansas, and all the length and breadth of its enormous basip, and var- rying it to the sca. Wbat does CowxX suvpose It will do with this sediment whon it gets luto Pont- chsrirain sud Borgue? It will simply deposit it,— make bars,—cat chasacls among tne bars,—bulld np bankns an 1t has done from New Orleann to Port Fnds, and st last leave ne, whererer the main® channel may be, with the same prohlems now can- fronting us, viz.: how to get & channel throngh the hars. and how to prevent the overflow of tha new banka formed, All this clap-trap about ont- 1614 18 belng used by Cownex, Turn Trinvve, snd others to defeat practical and immediate leveo nrotecilon adapted to the wants of the present Reneratlon. Asnmatter of fact, the outlet into Lake Pontchartrain has changed n stagnant, ma. larial, and fever-breeding pond into a clonr and healthfnl body of water Ly the supply of cool, fresh water thus contributed to it, £o that, jndging from this experience, thero is no renson to approhend that an outlet into Lnke Borgne will fill up the Mississippl Bound. But suppose it should, within the next hundred years, moke bara and £ill np tho bay moro or less, what harm wonld ba dona? The channel and the ont. 1ot wounld still remain in n moro or less per- foct condition, and wonld provide a constant rellef-ontlet for tho high waters. The Times profenses that it is the * present gencration " which needs rolief, and this new outlet would furnish such relicf now ; distant fatnre generations will be able to take care of them- selves. The Nnv‘v Orleans Times, however, exposes its own purposo and that of the peoplewhem it ropresonts when it says that ‘“ it 1s not the river but the plantera who onght to bo re. lovod.” 'This is the real renson whyit wants the Covernment to begin -by spending £4,000,000 of taxes on the levee-system, and follow this wup by sponding lnndreds of millions. We presume it doesn't mnke tho slightest difforence to the Now Orleans Times, nor the hungry jobbers whom it represents, that there is nothing in the Constitution which warrnuta n Government oxpenditure of nntold millions for the benefit of farmers or plantersina certain section of the country. If private intorcsts can be fostered and ndvanced by the nid of Government mouey in this in. stanco, so they can in ail other instances. When the merchants and farmers of tho North find themselves taxed for tho benefit of the Mississippi plantors, it is likely that they will ask an equal subsidy for them- selves, Indeed, when the cotton-growers in other portions of the South find that the Mississippt cotton-growers are n privileged class, with the Government at their back pledged to protect their plantations at what. ever cost may bo necessary, it is probable that the former will also seck some speoial favor. Capt. Cownen's plan, involving an expendituro of not more than a couple of lundred thousand dollars, proceeds upon a different basis, It is o legitimate proposi- tion to make a navigablo short cut to tho sea, which will incidentally roliave the Mississippt Lottoms frum overflow, and afford the neigh- boring lands a better and surer protection sgaiust the dangers of floods than thoy can over socuro from tho most claborate and costly embankment systom. —— FALLACIES OF THE COMMUNISTS, ‘The main error of tho Chicago Bocinlists is thoir assumption of superior virtua snd koowledge. With no further evidence of capncity for denling with business affairs than is contoined in their own confessions of poverty and idlencss, they ask to bo admitted as full partnors in all the profitable com. merce of tho city. They take it for granted that thoy are qualified to succoed in this worle; but men inuch botter educated than they nre, pravided with ecapital, Iand, and leadors, and encournged by Government, folled ignominiously in attempts to establish simpler forms of co-operation, TRoseaT Owen's experiment at New Lanark, the early auccess of which gnva the first push to mod- ern co-operation, failed soon after his per- sonal authority and direction wero with- drawn, Ho wasted his life and fortuno in the New Harmony colony, and got no thanks for it. His conucction with the Queen. wood experiment only brought ridicule upon him. It wns not much better with Dava and the enthusiastio roformers who joined the Brook Farm commuunity, Thoso of thom who are still liviog are extromely scnsitive under mention of their residence in that unfortunate placo; and yet the experiment there was altogether of a higher order than aoything modern Communism contemplates, Still another conspicuous failura of a co- ‘operative entarpriso is that of the English Baiaas Brothers, whose gonerous terms to their miners wns for years quoted in all polit- ical economien, but which ended in 1875 by .an acknowledgment ‘on both sidea that co- operation was impracticable with thom, We have made no distinction botween co-operative and Socialiatio experimonts, bocause the ndvocates of the new system in Cliicngo do not know the differenco hetween them, Thoey argue sometimes for one and sometimes for the other, with an amnzing iguoranco of the hislory and purposes of both. Giving them the cholce of syatems, it is onsy to show that they aro in- onpable of putting oeither in succoss. ful operation, Co-operation is a combina. tion of workmon for the purposo of dividing profits na well as wages. Any body of work. men aro at liberty to try it. Boclety has no motive to discourage experiments of this kind, It frequently haa given them valnable naslstance, They havo failed bocause they did not contain the elomenta of success, not becauso they have been interfored with by capitalists. The Communista of Chieago can start their co-operative shops as soou as they please. They noed 1o elections or ward clubs to help them. But they will inevita- bly fail for tho want of two or three ele- ments, a deficioncy in which has brought all the productive co-oporative establishments of Great Britain and America to gricf, The first aud most important of theso Is the ele. ment of command and the necessity of subordination. Without authority no large business can succeed. The direction of the dutails of a vast business requires an absolute Lead, fust as an army does. 1In the same manner, also, the authority needs to bo imposed from without, If it can besuspended orremoved by faction or intrigue, the concern is likely to be without a head, or with an in- experienced one, in & most critical period, Another element lacking in all the co-opera- tive experiments yet made ia a high average of prudeuce and self-denial ammong the workmen. Tho safe control of business requires a fund b be reserved for emergen,, cies. Capltalists, having their own interests to consult, and habits of self-denial acquired in business-training, can be expected to make this fuud as large as neceasary, The excroise of eiwilar self-enial by 100 or 1,000 of their workmen is manifestly impossible. The majority of laborers reserve no fund at all, or & very insuficiont fund, to carry thew over a season of loss, Hence it has always happened that co-opera- tive experiments which have scemed to flour. ish, in prosperous times have gone to pieces almost at the first touch of adversity. Work- men areready to share profits, but never ready to sharo losses, Suppose the system of co- operation had been generally in force in this country since the Panic. Would the condi- tionof workmon be better now thanitis? The shrinkage of capital and prices which have taken place since 1873 would then bave fallon in far larger pnrt than it has upon the labor- ers, This shrinkage, including the losson rail. ronds, has amounted to tinics the sum of the national debt. While it has been going on, labor has rocoived all, or nearly all, its nsual rownrds, Though tho rates of wages have diminished, tha dollars in which they have beon paid have incrossed in purchasing power. A good illustration of the workings of the oapitalists in a finan. cinl 'stringenoy may be found in the Joliet Rolling Mills, which started shortly beforethis Panic with a eapital of $2,500,000, That eapital melted away in five venrs, and the workmen, of whom 1,000 were employed, got tho Inrger part of it. Ore, coal, and overything elso that could be got, wore purchused on credit; ouly wages, excopt nt the collapse, were paid in foll in eash, The experimont would have Leen mnch shortor than' it was if tho mills Tind boen run on the co-operative plan. 8o it fs in noarly all deparimonts of industry since the Panic. Few manufacturing firms have paid interest on capial, but all that have continued in operation have paid wages. Railrond have gone into the hands of Receivers, but the Raoceivers have distributed the usual rewards of labor. Tho establish. monts that stopped paid wages till the lnst, and will begin to pay again the moment they resnme. Wages nre the Iast things to bo cut off and the first to be restored, beoause with- out them production itself is impossible, In the past, workmen hnvo preferred the sye- tem which gava them a certainty ; they will profer it agnin as soon as tho times will por- mit them to have it. Capital 18 rewarded, smong other things, for the uncertainty which attends its oporations, the absence of which is an inducement for workmen, who tako no risks, to accept a certain stated sum for their Inbors, 'This discussion has not touched upon the wider and more scrions question of Com. wunism, pure and simple, because the So- cinlists of Chicago profess to disclaim any intention to establish nsystem of confiscation. ‘Whother they speak ignorantly or disingen- uously is not perhaps a question of much moment. The only arguments that can touch real Communism are those of tho law and forca; for it must bo admitted that cap- itnlists have & botter right to defond their property to the lnst oxtremity than Commun- ists havoe to attack it. IMPORTANT LEGISLATION NEEDED, Tho House of Represontatives hns so measurably progressed with the genecral ‘appropriat.on bills that their considerati on in that body are drawing toacloss. Thoe Sennte will hereafter discuss and comploto them, nnd then, according to a most vicious practice, they will bo hauded over to com- mittees of conforouco. The House, there. fore, lins now loisure to devote to cortain mensures of important aud practical legisla- tion in which the country hins a deep inter- est, This lalsure timo might be largely and appropriately dovoted to the passngo of the new Tariff luw, but thatis perhaps oxpect- ing too much of men who, throngh want of information or porsonal interests, are unwill. ing to grapple with any monsnre which bronks up specinl privileges and reduces tnxation. It is given out, and perhaps with truth, that if the frionds of tho Tariff bill do not consent to its postponement until next seasion, (hore is & majority in the Houso for laying tho Lill on the table, Tho Tarifr, bill being out of the way, thero is no reason why the IHousa should not at once taka up the Benato bill authorizing the issne of 4 per cent popular loan bauds, in ex- change for gold, sllver, or groenbacks,— the bonds to bo ssued in denominations of 26, $60, and $100. Intimately connected with this mensure Is the other establishing a postal envings deposit system. The failure of the 8t, Louis and Chicogo savings bank: was followed by the failurc of others in New York, shaking public confidenco. Sinco then tho disaster has beon continuous, until ot the presont time the snfoty of oll thoe saviugs banks in New Eu- gland and New York is so threatened that tho intorvention of Btay laws and the demnnd for sixty-days’ notice have been con. silored essentinl to poatpone the general collapse of institutions confessedly unable to pay their depusitors on demaud. The savings banks of this country have reached nearly that condition attaincd by tho English savings banks, which led to the eatablishe ment of tho English postal savings banks, ‘I'ho English Government did not abolish the private banks but simply provided national savings bauks, leaving the poople to choosa betwoen thom, That 14 the purpose of the bills now pending in Congross, Thoy pro. pose to olfer to the public a low rate of in- torost with nbsclute security, The wav- ings are to bo tsken nt any poat- office. These deposits are to be re- coipted for by the Postmssters, until the amount reaches & certain sum, say 85 or $10, when the depositor will receive an or. der on the Treasury, and his doposit will bear i per cont intercat, In time these receipts are invested inpostal bonds boaring 3,65 per cent, ‘Tho postal bonds, av well as tho certificates, will be assignablo, so that the depostor may at any time draw out his money, or by assigning kis bond use this same directly as money, 'There are or have been overone thousand millions of dollars on deposit in the saviugs banks of this country, and they repro- sent the thrift, economy, and self-denialoftha hard-working portion of the publio, whose in- come ja small, Theso people hava no means for the safe-keeping of this inoney ; they have no choice but to employ savings binks, The Government, being o debtor, s of neces. sity & borrower. Wby may it not borrow of these people, offering them abso- luto sccurity and 15w rate of interest, and thus be able to rolieve the country by taking up the 5 and 6 per cent bonds now ont- standing? Those two bills are of immediate practical importance to the Government sod to the savingedeposit class. The offer of the small boods will furnish a popular means of investment for persons having small sums of money, while the savings. doposit banks will furaish absolute security to the immense population who seek some means whercby their small savings being safe may gradually accumulate, There ouglit to be no serious objections to either of theso billy, and thers ought to be no delsy in taking them aud passing them. There is a bill pending in Congress haviog for its purposo the rewission of national taxes due by insolvent banks in all cases where the tax, if pald, must be paid out of mozey belonging to depesitors. There is an evident injustice in tho law as it stands, De- posits arc not the property of the bank, but of the persons who have left thelr money there for uafe keeping. Depositors are not the bank, nor have they any control over its mansgement, or share in its profits. The property of the bank is the property of the stockliolders; the depositors have no pro. priotary interest, and ought not to be com- pelled to pay the taxes or other debts of in- stitutions of which thoy nre victims and not owners. When a bank fails, its entire prop. orty, including the responmbilitg, of the owners, is legitimately liable, and should bo employed to pay its dobts. The money of depositors, howaver, is not the property of the bank, and onght no mora to be nsed to pay tho tazes due by the corporation than to pay the private taxes due by the corporators. "Tho bill does not propose to romit taxes duo by insolvent banking corporations; it merely exompts the money in the banks belonging to depositors from being used to pay the taxes dus by tho corporations. Considering the wide extent of failures nmong savings bauks, to which the bill is equally applicn- ble, tho rolicf proposed by the bill is of great 1mportance, At the Mothodistminiaters’ meating vester- day on the subject of a compulsory observance of Bunday as a holy day The Rev, Mr. SrExcrn thonght these Sunday gluureh noticen in tho yapers wero 8 comparatively insfznificant feature of the qneation, and thonght that inasmnch as they anpeared In the Saturday afternoon rlnen 1t waa not cntlrely improper that ey shonid be eorrccted In the Bunday papers, 1ie wan oppored fo tio uso of sirect-cars, and thonght that no e of the Lord's day shonld ba devoted to riding npon the cars, ‘The report may be defective; but we obscrve nothing in the gentleman’s remarks denounclug the practice of riding to church in carrlages by every family that can afford to keep or hire such aconveyance. It may b diflcult to persuade those who ride to church in horse-cars Sunday morning or Sunday night Lhat it !s any more sinful to do so than for thelr richer neighbors to ride there In thelr owa cartiages, and keeplug the driver nway from the mcans of grace. Un- less tho private carrlage-riding to churchof a thonsand wealthy families is stopped, the ton thousand who ride there fn tho horsa-cars will Lo apt to fnslst on the continuance of the usc of the common people’s conveyanes to the place of worship. ——————— According to the Richmond correspondent of the New York Iferald, the MorzET bell-punch contrivance for ralsing revenus Is fast playing out? They punched merrlly enongh at firat, for the novelty of tho thing and to amuse their customers, hut slnco it hne becone apparent how caslly the register may bo evaded thoy Lisve nnl{ aned it just cnough for. pretenee sake, 1f the little Morrer machine tvero conscientlonsl; manipalated, it should vield a revenue to the 8i to for the year of 1,100,000, ‘The advocates of the contrivance con- fidently expected a mitiion at least, but the present {ndications are thint tho State wil fo wel if It zets tho §100,000 minus the three milllons f¢ should obtaln, "There arc ahout 6,000 registers now in tee, but the returna thus far are so Incomplete that It 14 mposiblo to estimato (he average incame for each reglster, _In Richniona it {s 80,50 per month, in Alexandria 85, and in Danville $18, and the va- rlationn gunerally nre very wide, The law to work unfavorably to the interests of the people, but lias greatly incronscd the busin the storekeepors. Tipulets ceunomically bent go 1o tho stores and buy fhelr favorits branda by the demtiolin full, thus saving the tax on every drink exacted at the bars, ————— At the weekly scasfon of the Methodist min- isters’ meeting yesterday, the regular order was taken up: * What can we do more than we are now doing tn secure a properobservance of the Babbuth day1" ‘Tho clerical gentlemen did not mean * the Eabbath day,” as that is the seventh or last day of the week, The Jows keep the Babbath day; Christians observe the first dayof the week calicd SBunday, and those preachers of course meant tho Jfirst day. It 18 well to be correct In stating the question befors the mect- ing, it for no other reason than to prevent the Jews from supposing the Christlans of Chicago had or were nbout to adopt their holy day, in. culcated 1o the Commandments of Moses, which required them to kecp tho seventh day of the week, which {s Saturday, whéreas Chris- tians ndopted the first day a8 long ago as Cox- STANTINE'S tine, oud somo clalm oven’longer back. —————— This atory is tald by a correspondent: While ten, Guaxt was in Constantinople the Sultan made him w £A7t of o beautifn hores, After bis ‘Turklsa Sajesty had shown hin palace and gardens to lits guest, he conducted nim to his stables, iio ordored his best boraes (o be put on exhibition, and, when they had Leen sufiiclently admired, he told tle Genoral to maxo a selection, taking the one which pleased him moat, ~ At st the Ueneral cauld not consent to it, and warmly protestod_aualnst the Nultan's generosity, The Sullan's Minlstcr of Warz, hawever, Interposed, infueming Gen. (inax it ho did not acceot the gift his Majesty would bs much displeased. Tho Gon- eral thoreupun solected a dapplo gray, superb in form, and having o step that would light w! . miration the eyo of uny cavalier. Tho capa were bronght out, and tho horso, in_splendid ate tire, wan formally presented to (en. Guaxr. Tho Suttan, athis own expenso, haa nont tito horso to Marseilics, whenco ho will proceed to New York, - B 7o the Kditor of The Tribune. GQaveanung, 1N, Aprll 57..~Thoro fa consider- ablo troable causcd by the Mexican daliar now aflost in the land, fiankers and morchanta are throwing it ont, and refuno to recetve it for more than 00 cents, W1l you pleaso tell ns how mach 1t is actunily worth? Glve its compumition as to amount vt siiver faencas, oic., as mmBnml with the new and trade dollar. Sinven Dorvan. Thoe Mexfcan dotlar weigha 417 4-5 gralua, and Is 003 flne. The Amerlcan trade dollar weighs 420 praina and is0U0 flne. The Jatest Now York quotations—those of tho 27th {ust.—r *Moxican doliars, ola and new, 04 to 93 cents in gold.” This we uuderstand to be their futrinsic valuo as bullion} thoy are worth 95 to 00 cents in greenbacks, —— In an editorlal in yesterday's TRinUNE, speak- inz of Gen. Burnen's fallure to capture Fort Fislier, North Carollna, it was stated that Gen. GnaNT scot one of his own stall—Geu. Horaca PurtEi— to Fort Fisher, with orders to take it This 1s not strictly sccurate. Geo. ALrisp ‘Tenny, now a Brigadier-Goneral In the regular army, and commanding the Department of Dakota, was the hero of Fort Fishier, But that Gen. PORTER Was sent thero by the General of the Army to assist him in the operations s true, and the mlstake of the article was ju as- signlug to PURTER A more conspicuous part than his rank enabled him to perform, e —o Tno Bclentific Congress of Provident Institu. tions will open at Parls on the 1st of July at the Natlonal Palace of Fine Arts in the Univer- sal Exhibition. The object of the Congress is the comparative study of legislation and the sclentific bosis of provident fustitutions, fn- cluding savioze baoks of all kinds, societies of mutual relief, insurance, co-operative soclotics, ete. Information will be furnished on applica- tlon to J. P. TowNsxND, foreign assoclate repre- senting the Soclety of Provident Institutions of Franco in the United Btates, No. 70 Beaver streat, Now Yorl e —— The geueral meetiug of the American Boclal Beience Association for 1878 will begin in Cin- cinuatl Baturday, May 18. On and after Mon- day there will bo three sessions in the Clucln. nati Music Hsll at the same time. There will bo the general sesslon, the conference of charl. tles, and tho sectional meetings of departments. Addresses will be detivered by F. B, BaNsony, Prof, W, T. Hauusof Br. Louis, Geo. Joun Pors (“The Iudiau ‘Question"), Homacs Wints, Duesix Waup, Hsnny C. Apaws, Prof. N. 8. 8uarxs, W. L. Fowcetr, Evwakn E. Havs, snd others, ———— Mexican Governmnent nowspapers claim that the recopnition of DisE by the Uilicd Staiea 1 & yreat diplomatic trivmph "of VaLLaute, lztve:t at \»uhxuwn. over Bvaw Chicago 3 ‘she comments of the Chicago TUmes upon Mextcan affairs will be more intelligible when the writers for that sbect know what they sre talkivg about, VaLLARTS is uot *‘the Greaser Ageut st Washington,” nor the sgent of avy- body. VALULABTSE {s the Mexican Miolster of Forelgn Affairs. The Miulster of the Diaz Gov- eroment at Washington s Al Dz ZaMacoNa. Coogressman Witriam A, Puiriies cootrib- utes to the Atcbison Champlos an lutervsting letter on * Kausas as & Manulacturiog State.” He poluts out ‘many uandeveloned ficlds of fo- dustry which are destined to enrich the Htate. ‘The best broom-corn that is raiscd in the West is produced toere, and brooms and brushcs can be maoufactured st howe; castor boans can bo convorted fato oft: flax and homp can be wuriey ns well as ralsed: willow can be rapliy woye, into baskets; wool cloth and yarn factorien “u be operated witn profit on the rivers; enoy, : salt can ba made in the Salina hett to Mlp(] several of the WosternStates; there are m.hnn', aypsum, and a yellowish stone,—the base of hy draulte cement or water-lime,—which cxn b g veloped foto a sourco of wealth; thop he. species of clay from which Milwaukee brick ul be made; there aro quarries of marble and llmn stono, hills of chalk, beds of magnesian llm:- stonc, and bases of fine earthenware, wihicl, -r‘ promising flelds of fndustry; and, mnrec,m° Kansas can make fts own shoes, clothing, wagons, farniture, agricultural fools, gnq countless wares, it her children wil} unl; learn how. The Graphlc coplea from the London Puney pleture entitled “\Vhich Goes Backi" “h!n;l: the British llon and the Russian bear meey o a varrow ledge overhanging a prectplee, Each looks determined and bellicose. The Graphicug. dertakes to solve the difemma without fight i another pleture undorneath Punch's, ¢ Bliows mercly the hind lezs and talls of tho feroclog heasts,—each having turned round and marched back along the narrow path. They are fyg turning a corner of tho rock, nearly out of sight. The answer to Punch's question Is, " Both." ————— Only about 10,000 votes wero polled at thy re- cent clection In Waslington Territory, which wants to become a Btate, and yet therajy 00 doubt nearly all the voters were rot out, The fdea of giving theso 10,000 votes the same. welght in the upper brauch of Conercas ay the Btate of New York or Illinols smacks of the ap. surd. An avorage county can outvote the would-bo State of Washington. Some of g Chlcago wards contaln as large a population u that Territory. —— A professional juryman up at Oshkoab, who has spent a great deal of valuable time fo leary. ing how to sift conflicting testimony, has given an opinfon In reard to tho Bexcnen-Tiiroy husincss. Ho says that as Mr. Besciten ang Mrs. TILTOR are both to bo regarded as credita blo witnesses, both must be believed; and that a8 Beectier denles the charge and Mrs. Tistoy ‘‘conleeses’ 1t to bo true, ho concludes that, he 1s innocent and she gulity! ———————— Ounc of the New York papera remarks that “JAT GouLp, In the lght of recent events, §y sald to believe that honado the ereatest mis. take of his life whon helct KEENE capturs Bax Wanp for a pa'try 850,000 and carry him off to California, With 8axin Washington nog WeLken's in full blast, that Tnunvax bl would have never passed. The averaze Con. gressman'’s stomach s oftener empty than his pocket.” Untess Mrs. Tiron will discontinucher cop. fesslons,’ a lnrgo mafority of innocent-minded persons will begin to think that alv is reaily fullty of the offense charged. it is suggested that thero be added to her next statement the words “to bo continued,” as a uotice to the reader, similar to that alwoys given at the end of Byr.vANuUs Conn’s never-ending chapters jn the New York Ledger. ——————— Chicago will have to let New York aloneand look inwards. A Chicago paper makes charges of vast corruption {n the bullding of thefr new Cas. tom-Ilouse, —Cincinnull Times, Chicazo has *‘looked inwards,” and discor- ered that the corrupt motn Is a Cincinnatiag— as might well be expected where the rascality is 80 huge. —— PERSONALS, Cardinal Ontorini, tho senior Cordinal Deacon, s reported to be dying. Claret-punch was the tipple at the lunch given to Mr. Haycs at Philadelphia, Rossini's unpublished manuscripts are all to bo sold at auction in May, Tlers are 151 of thom. Lettors datailing tho miracles wronght by Plo Nono pour {nto the Vatican, ana his beatides. tion ts strongly urgea. ¥ Barnum says ho will nover rotirs from business, but die In harness. **T cannot gire up busincss, " bo sayi *it s as necessaryto me asaln' Balvini has beon invited by the Froomnsons of Rome to asslst {n the representation of ** Zaire” on the accaslon of thelr celebration of Voltaire's centenary, Dr, 8chliémann has been called homs fo Parls by scrions tidings of the state of 3irs, £chlles mann's health, but next month will resume his explorations in the Troad gr in Greoce, The late Bishop Belwyn, whose life-stary hasalready boen told in Tu Trisuxe, was the Blshuo whom Sldney Smith advised on his depart ure to New Zealand to conform with the customs af the inbabitants and keep a cold roast misson- ary on the sideboard, **1f they eat you, mr dear fellow, 1 hopo you'll dissgroe with thon, " was the witty Canon's farowell. ‘When Mr. Gladstons was in Ireland, & farmer with whom ho was dlscussing the landlord- and-tenaut question sald that Lord Leltrim was *ta bad lot, and anght to have been shot long 830." *4\Vell, why wasn't he shot thent" asked Mr. Gl ** What's everybody's business ls sald tho honeat farmer with & gloomy shake of his head, Join Kelly wns a boss thirty years sgo. Ho was Captain of the Carroll Guardsof New York, an assoctation whose fntropld membera wore red ahirts, white beits, and ollskin caps, aud used to bo afratd of Capt. Kelly, whon bo earricd the **suord" of offico, The presunt Cantroller of Now York got [nto s fearful ught with ono — Keonan, Keq., better known as **Bully the Rocks," & chowder-charmer, on whom he placed 8 tromondous head, Indeed, such pugilistic prowess did the futuro Boss of Tammany JHall dis- play in this ever-memorable conflict, that bis de- 1ifuted friends thought of matching him spuinst Yankeo Sullivan. 1o roso to be Captaln of the Emmet Guards, and then to be Dictator of New York. ‘The Hon. Robert Bourke is a candidate for the Common Serjeantship of London, s $10. a yoar oftics for life, to which tha Courts of Al mon and Common Council (242 thelr members number) elect, The Hon, Robert has introduced at Court a tallor who s not unlofiuentisl smong tho electurs, and (he English nobility and geatr. scandalized thereat. The unbappy tallor w troduced as an Insarance ageot, Lo belnk Interest- od in that business, s0 that the world knows whrs Engllsh Royalty draws its awful line, but the fact that he was a tatlor cama out, and so far 83 cancel® ing bls presentation and extorting an apoigy from the llon, Nobert can wash the wtaln feom the Queen’s hand every precaution of disinfectionhsd been taken. A New York Polics-Justice has given the average complainant at the Police Courts an :lm: iva lossun, even if his action came near to condod: fugs felony. A man was arrested for -mll:fllr Jot of lesd-pipe froms factory, and the o'“:. wasnotified o appear atcourt, 1is couldu's ai- tend, —his timo was too valusble towaste in F'““‘ cutlug auch & petty chargs, and s the property b beea recovored he was quite satisfod; such Wit the meesagu be sent 1o the Folice Court by s cln:; 4 You are discharged,” smid Justice Bisby to L‘. prisoner, **and as there ls no evidesco ltuxl“A lead-plpe does not belung to you, take I ¥ s you." Sothe thier carried off tno Pipe, snd real propristor, who bad such an imperfect | il his dutics as cltizen, was mightily disgus when his clork came home withont the pipe. Mr. Edison, as a young telegraph opsrtlm at Momphis, was known for the quaiat drav! :s with which, In 0dd lclsure maments, be lilusira! i theSouthern press reports. Ove hablt was to hulvh' vert tha tatls of his g's and y's loto faces, witl S most ludicrous expressions Imaginable. fiwhlu. babit was todraws railroadcurve srouc -‘ o with 8 tratn of ' care st full epeed; on the ?1".1‘1!:! wass T, on the second Y, and so on uot! s m; tbe signature to the report, was elicd gul, ! ik [Lt t car, barely perceptible uad the t:‘l‘m ‘- was **30," or Sals. This continued foraome e l untll s Memphls editor published & Fl'lil":' pralsing iothe highest terms the lnl!‘:"h“ wkelcnes, bat objecting to them on th ":x:. dost! the printers took up tao much time in e them, sod In trying (o dad eppropriste cute 10 THF; resent them. ‘Thls was the Jastof the *'iitust i presaseports,” & Edlson ucud(nl’lhll:". > ive. Who koows but that if he bad ll:nlad' i tentlon to drawing ho wight bave rivaled Naa