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THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY. APRIL - {y 1878—SIXTEEN PAGES. sults and for the wide-spread contagion of parade his devotion to the interests of the dear Thye Tribye, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BY MATL—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID. ¥12.00 Oxe cony, per yo ERirer ol Srecimen copics sent Iret Géve Post-Otice address i County. Jiemittances may be made either by draft. cXpress, Posi-Ottice order. orin rexlstered letters, at our Fisk. TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Trity, delivered. ‘Sunday cxcepted, 25 cents per WL'L‘L:. PRI delivered, Sunday tncluded, 30 ccnlf per week. Adcress THE TEIBUNE COMPA Corner Madison and Dearborn-sti.. Chi Orders for the deliveryof TuE TEIBUNE &l Evanston. Evgiewood, aud fsde Park left in e counting-room wjlireceive prouiv! full fncluding Stateaad TRIBUNE B ‘Ttz Ci1cAGO TRIBUSS has cetablished hranch offices for the recelpt of subscrivtionsand advertisements a5 follows: NEW YORE—~Room 29 Tribune Building. F. T. Mc- FaDDES, Manager. PARIS, France—No. 16 Rue de In Grange-Dateliere. . Manrer, Agent. LONDON. Eng.—American Exchange, 449 Strand. A MMANDERY. Xo. 19, CHICAGO COMMAN - SR Conclave Monday eventag, A 2 2d ifalsted-sts.. ot 7:30 p. M. Comer of Vanuolply and Halstedsis. 8L TPy ‘member requested 1o T ting Sir Knights courteously’ tavted; By order JAS.E. E.C. Recorder. MEGIXN) nicatio reday even| Pathiess of importance and work on F. G Degree. All membersareTequested to be present. Visttors are invited to attend, sorualy WAL AL STANTON, Sceretary. CHICAGO COUXNCIL OF PRIX LEM. A. and A. SCOTTISH it Tiold & Regular Convention Thursd: order of A. BUSS ED. GOODALE, Gr. CTTE COAPTER. NO. 2 R A, M.—fiall 7:"%5{:‘:\;({2—55“ Convocation Monday evening, 8 at oelock, for business and work on the 317N, degree. Visitorscorduallt fuyited, ) Be order 1D, 1. L. N. TECKER, Sce. APRIL 187 SUNDAY, @ In New York on Saturdsy greenbacks wero worth 99} on the dollarin gold and silver coiu. The Bar Association of Chicago is doing a good work in urging that applicants for ad- mission to the Bar in this State be required 10 pass written examinations at the hands of a specially-appointed Board of Examiners. The sober Oberlinites down in Ohio have recently taken to their arms and shielded one Harorp Pencrvar, who represented him- self a. persecuted Franciscan monk. It now transpires that PEscrvasis no mouk at all, and has all this time been taking in the pious villagers. So, as was naturally to be expect- ed, the O'Berlinites have turned the cowld shoulder on the religious fraud. Mr. Mapisoy said in the debates of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States that the President who should remove an ofticeholder without cause would be lisble to impeachment. There scems to have been some advance in Amer- jean idess of government since that time. The President who does not remove office- holders without cause, and put the partisnns of Senators in their places, is held guilty (by the Senators) of a violation of the unwritten law of the Republic P S The Democrats of the House of Repre- sentatives st Washington are in a quandary. In dismissing Poix, the Doorkeeper, they had it in mind to appoint in his place FreLp, of Georgis, an ex-Confederate General. But Bex DBuren promptly nominat- ed SmEips, of Missouri, an ex-Union Genersl. Both candidates are Democrats, but the Honse is in the unpleassnt predica- ‘ment of throwing over its favorite man or of openly electing an ex-Confederate in prefer- cnce 1o an officer who served in the Union army. 4 The meeting of the Democratic Central Committce in this city yesterday was marked by a curious and not uninstructive quarrel Dbetween two subdivisions of the plug-ugly element. There is o person named THORN- ox who hos heretofore claimed a good deal of prominence in local conventions on ac- count of his supposed influence over the most disreputable class of voters. But for some unexplained reason his henchmen yesterday revolted and set up apother candidate more to their taste, and succeeded in securing his clection as a delegate to the State Conven- tion. It may thereforc be corrcetly said that the sun of TnomrsrtoN is temporarily ‘behind a cloud. There are no recent reports from the famine-stricken regions in China, but there was at last accounts no remson to look for auny immediate abatement of the misery that prevailed there. It will be well for mem- Lers of Congress to bear in mind, in this connection, that the famine is directly caused - by the destruction of forests. In bygone ages the hills which fringe the vast platesn, now the seat of the famine, were covered with thick woods. They have been entirely cleared. From Peking to Hankow—a dis- tance of 700 miles—scarcely a tree or a shrubis to be seen. In this region 70,000,- 00 people are in want of food, and it is reckoned that 9,000,000 are actually starving. 1t will be well, we say, for members of Con- gress to bear these facts in mind ; for some of them seem disposed to help Mr. Brame, Mr. Evsmis, and others in their various mensures for the destruction of American forests. . Through the mist of conflicting reports it is not easy to determine the exact bearings of Roumania, now drifting apon the sea of Eastern politics. Thers is no doubt but that the treaty of San Stefano inflicts some bardship upon the brave Principality which !ms fought by the side of Russia for its own independence. Bessarabia is to the nation as & partof the flesh and blood of the body f:orpomte, and it isnotto be expected that it will be relinquished without objection. Yet the Roumanians do not scem to take into sccount that, without the help of Russia, they would have been to-day dependent upon the Otioman Empire ; for they could not have made unmded o successfal Tevolt. Some- thing is due to the Czar for his cham- pionship of the cauwse of the oppressed provinces, and, besides, it should be remembered that Bessarabia was formerly included in the Russian dominions, and it is but natural that the Czar should wish to re- claim it. Then, too, he has proffered, as a partial recompense, the territory of the ing throngh Ronmania in its march against ! the deadly enemies and ancient oppressors of {hat Province. The Political Qorrespondence, of Vienna, gives currency to a remarka- ble alleged statement of Prince CHABLES, jn answer to the Russian threats of reoccupying in a hostile sense the territory of Roumania and of disarming the Roumani- anarmy. Itis to be hoped that this state- ment imputed to the Prince js not based upon any more solid foundation than the de_- sire of the British and certain of the Conti- nental papers to foment disaffection between Tussia and her allies. Whatever difficulties exist between Roumania and Russia should be settled amicably, if not satisfactorily to all parties. The fact that the greater part of the news regarding the Russian conquest in Turkoy is filtered to us through English ngercies has been often regretted during the past year's campaign, but was never more painfully ap- parent than at present. It secms 88 if the London papers, in their edi- torial comments and correspondence, were more violently partisan than ever just now. It is dificult, under these eir- cumstances, to tell which of tho items of news coming through the Associated Press, and necessarily echoing the tone of the Brit- ish newspapers, are relisble, and which aro inspired by prejudice. During this epoch of inaction and diplomacy it is casier to distort news than while the clash of arms gives trath to rapidly succeeding events. Thereis s certain parallel between the situation of the Governor of Ohio and that of the Ohionn President of the United States which furnishes sn amusing com- mentary upon current politics. The quarrel between the President nnd the Republican party leaders, as is well known, was caused by his appeinting good men to offico irrespective of the wishes of the leading politicians of his party; in Ohio a Democratic Governor has excited the ire of the Democratic members of the Legislature by neglecting to consult thom in making ap- pointments, and _consequently filling the offices with good men without regard to party. Thus have tho Republican President and the Democratic Governor lost favor with their respective partisans, meeting upon a common level though starting from such different standpoints. The Nation last weck had a word to say on behalf of Mr. Scmunz as against Mr. BLAINE, Mr. How, and other calumniators in the Senate. They have somchow held it to his disparagement that he came berc from Prus- sia and speedily mounted to an important place in our Government. The Nation does not exactly follow this argument. It does not perceive how Mr. Scrunz's carcer, begin- ning with his early appearance as a German Liberal, and ending with his elevation to the post of Cabinet Minister in one of the great- est nations of the earth, contains anything to his discredit. It is even obtuse enough to deny that his advancement from his forlorn condition of exile aud foreigner on the American shores—ignorant of its customs, institutions, and langusge—to all the highest offices that he was capable of attaining, indi- cates a want cither of ability or of applica- tion on his part. -It connot find proof of this in the fact that he is now admit- ted to be one of the most powerful spenkers and writers on economic subjects, and one of the most profound students of American history in this country or the world. THE FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY IN THE SCHOOLS. One of the most difficult things for a Gov- erpment in this country to accomplish is the abolition of an office or the reduction of a salary. It is o dificulty which is experi- enced by the National, State, and all the forms of Local Government. After thé close of the War, it was less difficult for the Govern- sment to disband an army of 600,000 officers, soldiers, teamsters, and contractors than it was to reduce the number of civil clerks in the War Department or in the General Land- Oftice. For ten years snd more following the War there were from 1,000 to 1,500 more civilians employed in tho public service at Washington than there was any need for; and when Congress, forced by the necessi- ties of the Treasury and the notorious char- acter of the fraud, provided for the gradual reduction of the number, there was a very wide-extended lamentation over the cruelty of the Government each time there was o dismissalof adivisionof these supernumerary clerks. Several years ago it became necessary aswell as expedient for the City of Chicago to abandon a city veluation of property for taxnable purposes, and to adopt the State valuation ; but to do this would lead to the abolition of the offices of Tax-Collector, Tax- Commissioner, and Assessor, with their clerks, and the Council refused to change jts mode of assessment. A consequence was, the declaration by the Courts that the city tax-levy was absolutely void. To keep those’ men in office two years has cost the city a helf million of dollars. Two years ago, under the “force of necessity, the city abol- jshed a large number of offices, large and smsll, and consolidated others, dispensing with 8 large force of men and saving over $100,000 o yeor in salaries. There was o loud protest ; but the Alnyor, a year later, officially declared that the efficiency of the service had been greatly promoted by the re- duction of the number of officers. To a very large proportion of the American people, the primary if not the main purpose of =il gov- ernment is to provide places and salaries for individuals, and the reduction of salaries or the abolition of an office islooked upon as an act of despotism calling for popular indig- nation. The Board of Education of this city is just mow wrestling with a matter of this kind, and the Board or several weeks has displayed its inability to master the subject. It has been able to satisfy itself that it can not dispense with German; that drawing is indispensable as a modern accomplishment ; and that the young ladiesin the High Schools must be instructed in Greek in order to euter the universities; but the simple ques- tion of arithmetic, how to reduce a given sum previously voted for expenditures 50 as to bring it within a certain ather sum which is the limit of the revenue, is seemingly more than the members of the Board of Education can master. In! order to bring the expenditures for the schools within the revenue for the year, it is necessary to re- duce the expenses about £20,000. It is conceded that the salaries for the female teachers are as low as common justice will authorize. It is conceded that there are 15,000 children now " excluded from the schools for want of room, and that whatever educa- tion 85 per cent of the children attending Dobrudscha. Considering ghese facts, it scems that Prince CHARLEs and the Roumanian Assembly have acted some- what hastily in swearing that they will never part with Bessarabia, and in threaten. jng to shut ont the Russian army from pass- school, as well as those now ecxcluded, | can ever receive, must be obtained by them before they reach 13 years of age, when, as a body, they have to go to work to earn their bread. How to make this reduction of $20,000 in the year’s expenses has elicited ‘many and wonderful propositions. Among | others, it" is proposed to close the schools for two or thres weeks, and thus economize by reducing the salaries of all the teachers and depriving the 40,000 children of that much of the limited education they can get. A proposition to close the higher and more costly schools, and leave the primaries open, has been indignantly voted down, as have varions motions to reduce the official staff by temporarily abolishing the officgs. Some yenrs ago, the financial affairs of the School TFund were grently embpmassed. There were $600,000 of uncollected renis and various unprofitable contracts outstanding. The Board then, to meet this emergency, engaged a specinl attorney, and all those matters have since been arranged, and thero is no more use now for an attorney for the Board of Education than there is for an attorney for the Fire Department, or Police, or Board of Health. The city hasa. large and very able Law Department, fully competent to include in its service all the Dbusiness of the Board of Education. In tho regular studiesof thie schoolsare thoseof vocal musie, drawing, and the German language.| Thesa studies are taught by regular teachers. Over all the schools there is a Superintendent and there is an Assistant Superintendent. There are alsoa superintendent of draw- iug s superintondent of Germen, and a superintendent of vocal music; these do not teach, they * superintend " those who do tench. The Board of Education has also s clerk, and a bookkeeper, and " two assistant clerks, and these superintendents and assist- ants, clerk, bookkeeper, and assistant clerks compose the “stall.” The twenty or more « Principals " of tho schools do mot teach ; thoy are practically all ¢ superintendents.” ‘The support of this staff is a costly one. It is highly and extravagantly ornamental, and yet the Board of Education, in its diligent how to reduco expenditures $20,000, rejects a proposition to re- duce the “staff” as if it were a proposition to over-turn the liberties of the Republic. The following officers of the stafl are so far useless that it is criminal ex- travagance, under the financial circumstances of the aity, to retain them one hour. ‘Those offices, with their snlaries, which might be dispensed with are : Onc attorne... 2 One Assistant Superintendent.... One superintenaent of vocat musi Gne superintendent of drawing One superintendent of German One clerk . e One assistant cler] search Total salaries.... .... It will be seen that, in offices, not one teacher will be dismissed. It will be a reduction in the number of super- intendents of those who do teach, and will still leave for superintendence the General Superiatendent and a stoff of more than twenty Principals, a clerk, and a bookkeeper ; and with this amount of superintendence the tenchers may be cxpected to get along during the year. Tho other half of the de- ficiency may be overcome by a reduction of, say, 3 per cent on all the other ralaries which exceed $1,000 a year. We are informed that such a reduction on that class of salaries will be more than sufficient to overcome whatever deficiency may remain after the pruning of the staff. This will obviate the closing of either the Primary or High Schools; will ob- viate the dismissal of even a single teacher; will leave the studies of German, drawing, and vocal music undisturbed, and will in no wise, present or remote, impair the effi- ciency of the schools, reduce the number of school-houses, or chango the course of study. Is the Board of Education equal to the cmergency? Has a majority of the members tha cournge to abolish half a dozen useless offices? Not a member of the Board would retain one of these officers if it were a matter in the management of his ownprivate busi- ness; and why should he be fuilty of the waste aud extravagance when it is a matter of public concern? The Board has another mecting some day this week, and the public will: have another opportunity to judge of its capacity to deal with a_question “which any business man would determine in five minates. The Interior, which is a very hard news- paper to suit, although it is not devoted to the affairs of this world, and for that reason ought to exhibit more patience, and resigna- tion, and other of the Christian virtues, re- plies to a recent editorial in Tne Cmicaco Temuse, which, in turn, was devoted toa consideration of the recent action of the Presbyterian clergymen in deciding to with- draw their announcements of Sunday services £ om tho only medium that can possibly bring them to the attention of strangers who want to go to church. In closing its reply it says: We wish, however, fo assure Tre TRIUNS that the action which has thrown it into passion has far wider sigmificance tham it would concede, and means far morc than the withdrawal of a few Pres- byterian Church notices. More than one denom- ination is In linc, and for more than the eupores- sion of Sunday announcements. To get alonz without & few Presoyterian ministess is_easy enongh. TuE TRIRCNE may find it more diflicult 10 getalons without the eupport of the Sabbath- loving portion of our population. Demand for newspaper reform comes not alone from ministers’ meetinge. 1t is the ground-swell of a rising popu- lar movement. 1t is a peculiarity of the ground-swell that it alwuys recedes ns far ns it advauces and that it sinks as high as it rises. It strikes us that we remember in the past two or threo different occasions when the Jaterior was in line and gallantly headed the Presbyterian clergymen in a grand charge against the col- umns of Tre Trrsuve. The ground-swell went over us; but when the commotion set- tled there were the announcements again in our columns, and TaE TRIBUNE once more joined hands with the nterior in helping to induce people to go to the churches it repre- sents and become better. We bave no disposition, however, to dis- cuss technicalities with the Jnterior, but pro- pose to meet it on its own ground. No church-goer will be influenced to stay at home from church by the Sunday papers, snd no church-goer will be made any worse by what he reads out of church hours. If o man does not go to church, he had much better be employed in reading the Sunday papers, which are edited with more care and discrimination than the week-day papers, and contain o large and important summary of what is going on in the world of religion, art, science, and literature, than to be roam- ing the streets or, perhaps, engaged in some form of dissipation. The Sunday papers are made wup with special reference to the intellectual wants of thousands of people who -have mo time to rend during the week, and who are not able to bamsh all thoughts of the world from their minds merely because it is Sunday. If Tre Tamuse could have its way, it would have all its readers go to church in the morn- ing, read its columns in the afternoon, and go to church again in the evening, deeming this to be a very profitable way of spending the Sabbath hours, and & very sure way to make the heart better and improve the mind. If the Jnterior replies that the afternoon’s work would nullify the effect of that in tho evening and morning, then it is not at all complimentary to the influence and strength of the pulpit. There are undoubtedly a great many good, honest people who believe it to be wrong to ‘read Sundsy papers, and be- lieving that, it certainly would be wrong— for them. Baut thers are many good, honest people, on the other hand, who believe it to be right to read them, or at least sec no wrong in so doing. The former have no right to impose their belief upon tho latter, however, or to denounce them, or impugn their motives in doing what they do not be- lieve to be wrong. Assuming that the Tnterior and the Presby- terian clergymen believe their declaration that “The reading of these papers on Sunday morning, notwithstanding their small pro- portion of religious news, brings back the thoughts and cares of the world upon us, and tends to prevent that reading of the Bible, quiet thought, and worship of God which all men need so much, and which is God's command,” we would inquire of them why they are not consistent, and why they do not carry out their resolution to its logical limits? Why do they confino their fulmination to Sunday newspapers? Are these the only agencies that bring back the thoughts and cares of the world? Why single out the Sundsy newspnper alone for prohibition? Why did they pot include the suburban trains that bring peoplo to their ~churches, and the strect-cars that carry metropolitan worshipers; the trains that carry their let- ters and papers,—the Juterior among them, —and the Post-Offices that deliver them on Sundays; the servanfs who prepare their Sunday dinners and keep their houses in order while they are at church; tho hotels that entertain their guests with extra caro and labor, to make it seem homelike on the Lord's Day; the conchmen who have to wait ontside the sacred portals while their mas- ters and mistresses worship inside; the extra work every lady has to perform in arraying herself in her Sunday finery before she can attend the divine ministrations; the church concerts given by choirs, the mem- bers of which sing for money and not for the praise of God; {he organist who does up operatic transcriptions in little slower tempo than we have them on the Iyric stage; the organ-blower who has to pump all the harder when the servico is specially elaborate; the sexton whose duties are so arduous that he has no time to listen to the sermon? All these involve Sunday work; all these tend to bring back the thoughts and cares of the world upon us. Why are they not included in the general condemnation ? Why shonld the Sunday paper alone be anathematized? Why not be consistent? We presume that the [nterior is intended for Sunday reading, and that the Presbyterian clergymen and laymen read it on Sunday. There 15 certainiy no objection to that; on the other hand, we consider the Interior to be an excellent paper, both for week-day and Sunday reading; but how would it regard a resolution from its own clergymen advising their people not to read the Jnterior on the Subbath because its extensive worldly ad- vertising is calculated to bring back the thoughts and cares of the world ? THE SAVINGS BANKS AND THE GOVERN- MENT. T, Tt has been understood at Washington for some weeks that the Eastern savings banks wero muking their arrangement to kill off all legislation proposed for the establishment of a national savings system. Now comes the New York Nation, which makes an indis- crimmate attack on all the bills that have been introduced, or may be introduced, into Congress to this end. It pronounces every such project as a *‘ mere moncy-making de- vice " to cnable the Government to borrow money ot lower rates than it is worth, and “ to 'take advantage of the prosent distress of the savings banks.” It also snysin a gen- ernl way that the schemo for establishing the English system, or something corresponding toit, is *“ as short-sighted as it is threaten- ing,” and places the attempt on the same footing as * debasing the currency,” by which it refers to the remonetization of the silver dollar. After this enunciation by the Nation, and with vivid recollection of the service that journal did in the interest of the gold clique, it is now apparent to every- body that the Washington rmmors about the attempt of the Eastern savings banks to defeat national legislation on' the subject are entirely correct. The Nation makes s desperate effort to serve the rotten private savings banks, and at the same time to maintain some show of decent respect for the popular demand for the better safe-keeping of surplus earnings. Tt admits that the savings banks are in a bad way,—indeed, it would be folly to deny this. At the same time, it endeavors to make a plea for sustoining them ns a blessing to tho country. Whether it had in view when taking this position the Chicago banks that were disemboweled by SpescER and Myers, or the Newark concern, or the more recent New York sixpenny fraud, we do not know, butwe suspect the renl purpose was to prop up some other institutions equally rotten in order to avert a little longer the exposure of similar rascality. The most absurd contre- diction into which the Nation has been be- trayed by this effort to serve the New York savings banks, and at the same time preserve its own self-respect, is in regard to the- character and influence of the recent Stay law pnssed in Massachusetts. This law, it will be remembered, author- izes & Bonrd of Commissioners to establish the conditions under which a sav- ings bank may pay its depositors, only re- quiring that each bank shall pay out as much as 50 per cent of its deposits within three years. . Under the operation of this act, the Board has recently adjudged in one case that the bank shall be required to pay out 10 per cent every six months, or at the rato of GO per cent in three years, The Nation characterizes this law in one place as *‘a gross interference with the contract,” g high-handed violation of the terms,” and likely to produce only temporary relief at e best. Yet further on, in the same arti- cle condemning a national system, and re- ferring to the hard times as exculpatory of the savings banks, it says: 1n this state of affairs it might be hoped that the National Government wonld take the tame view as the State of Maseachuseits, und. considering this jmmense valae of the banks and their dletinctly charitable character, would do ite best Lo strengt.cn them, or at least 10 provide an adequate substitute. Such contradictions render the Nation's defense of the private savings banks alto- gether worthless to those institutions, and they had better seek some other means for jnfluencing legislation at Washington. A call upon Congress to pass a general stay- law for the benefit of a system of banks which has proved to be defective and fraud- ulent, as it has been mansged, will meet with no response, and the idea that it should be suggested by a journal which professed to think the restoration of the silver dollar was a “fraud” and a “pwindle ” presents an- other curious case of moral contradieticn. To spesk of American savings banks as « distinctly charitable institations ” can only provoke a langh where it does not excite anger. Recent and current experience shows that, os o rule, they have ‘been merely agencies to allow certain men to absorb t:ha savings of the community in high salaries and reckless speculation. To postpone the natural consequences of such manngement by a stay-law is simply to enable these same ‘managers to eat up what isleft. The contradictions of the Nation's article are by no means exhausted. It charges that {he institation of a national savings system would have the effect of winding up the private concerns, but adds that the low rate of interest which it is proposed the Govern- ment shall pay coonot compete with the private concerns, which will start up again with the rovival of business. Now, ‘which of these two opposite results is dnmnging. ? It will be no harm if the private concerns in an insolvent condition shall be forced to quit the field. If they do not, and shall sacceed in securing depositors by their offer of a higher rate of interest, the people can- not then put their folly -upon others, and complain that they wera forced to patronize the private concerns because there was no better guarantee for the safe-keeping of their earhings. Itis not the business mor the ambition of the Government to compete with private savings bauks, but it is its duty to provide absolute safe-keeping for savings deposits, if the depositors prefer such per- fect guarantee at the Government's own terms to a constant risk in order to gain more interest. We have never read an article written in special interest which so plainly revealed its design and so distinetly exposed the weak- ness of its cause as this effort of the Nation to rush to the defense of the savings bauks. Its principal importance is to give confirmn- tion to the statement that a combination has been formed to defeat all national legislation for the protection of the people ; at the same time, it furnishes new evidence that ths Nation is essentially a sectional and—we shonld sag—not overscrupulous journal A HIDEOUS CAREER, AND ITS LESSONS. Some years ago a Bishop of the Episcopal Chburch occasioned some excitement by the publication of & letter characterizing abor- tion ns “ the great crime of the nineteenth century.” This publication led to some gen- eral discussion of tha topic, but to no prac- tical investigation and to no vigorous efforts for a more effective punishment or repres- sion of the crime. ButBishop Coxe's broad denunciation has received a strong confirma- tion iu the disclosures incident to tho death of Madam ResTELL, tho notorious abortionist of New York City. Her career in this hideous capacity extended over a period of nearly forty years, and there 18 little doubt but that she was responsible for the destruc- tion of thousands of pre-natal infants, and probably the death of hundreds of adult women who sought to avail themselves of her agency. Her practice was not confined to personal operation or attendance, but consisted largely (especially of late yenrs) in the sale of pills and the distribution of cir- cular instructions, whereby the crime could be committed, or at all events attempted, without her personal assistance. Itis im- possible, therefore, to conjecture how widoly her death-dealing influence really extended, but some mnotion of its extent may be gained from the statement of the large fortune which she left behind her. Her estate is estimated at a value of $600,000, and, together with the estate of her husband (which was probably sn accumula- tion from Lhe same practices), there is snid to be an annual income of $40,000, which may fairly be estimated as representing prop- erty worth §800,000. But it is not unlikely that, during ber criminal career of forty years, Madam REsTELL's expenses were at least equal to her savings, for she began very early to drivo in her carringes, and, for many years past, her residence on Fifth ave- nue has been pointed out as ono of the most elogant in New York City. On this thoory, her earnings represent mors than £1,500,000 from the exclusive and avowed practice of abortion. Aund as her treatment of the cases of premature child-birth was not confined to personal visits, but included the distribution of drugs, instruments, and instractions, the conclusion is warranted that tie victims of this single person may be counted by the thousands, including adults and infants. It is not necessary to discuss the general question of abortion from a Malthusian standpoint of excessive population, nor yet to consider the ples, made by certain phy- sicinns claiming reputable positions, to the effect that abortions are frequently justified by circumstances, in connection with this astounding exhibit. Itis sufficient to take tho broad ground that the moral sense of our time and country ought to revolt against a practice which Madam RESTELL's career shows to be so general, and that it ought to assert itself so vigorously as tolead to an improvement of the laws, to the more thor- ough enforcement thereof, and to the exten- sion of private, social, religious, and moral influences against the crime. Dadam Res- TeLL was not alone in the *‘slaughter of jnnocents” which marked her career; she had at least one accomplic2 in every ome of the thousands of child-murders which she committed. Every woman who submitted or consented to the operation was a particeps criminis. Nor were the women whom she treated outcasts or unfortunates, to whom the temptation of abortion is the greater in order to escape shame or the trials of pov- erty and friendlessness. It has been under- stood that, of late years, she practiced mainly among people of social condition and rmeans, and her ' partners in crime must have included large numbers of married women, who songht ber assistance without the temptation of poverty or exposure. Her own fortune shows that her clients were mostly rich. Indeed, the ResTeLL establish- ment has for years been exhibited to visitors in New York as one of the **institutions " of that city, and it hos been generally under- stood that the woman was long protected from prosecution by ‘certain powerfal influences which hand reason to fear the exposures that might result from her indict- ment end trinl. The crime of abortion is not confined to the confessedly depraved classes ; it is essentially a social crime, Itis in this character that it can be reached only by domestic, social, religious, and confiden- tial inflaences. The family physician can, perhaps, accomplish more for its suppression than any other person, by representing in their proper light the physical perils attend- ant upon it, and by denouncing it, whenever spproached on the subject, as a crime before God and man. The minister, the father of the family, the confidential friend, must all unite in setting their faces sgainst the prac- tice, in private as well as in public, in order to make it hateful, frightful, and eriminal. But the law and the administration thereof are to blame in this country for the worst re- lJ abortion. The greatest injury is done by the quacks, who are as iguorant of scientific de- vices as they are unmindful of the moral hideousness of the practice. Madnm ResTELL was the chief of these quacks. She came to this country an ignorant English cirl of the lower classes, who had neither medical edu- cation nor training of any kind. Had the Jocal laws and their administration been "thorough, her career wounld have been ‘brought to a close in its early period, and not only would her own personal agency in the crime have thus been cut short, but hundreds of others who have followed in the same tracks would have been run down or warned off. There is not a large city in the country where there are mot guacks who practice abortion as ignorantly and almost as publicly as Madam ResTeLn. What they call abortion is simply "butchery; snd, aiming at infanticide, they frequently accomplish double murder. Yet the convictions, and even the prosecutions, for abortion are in frightfnl disproportion to tho extent of the crime. Such a thing as conviction for abor- tion, except it results in the death of the adult, 15 alinost unheard of, and the convic- tions are rare and punishment inadequate, even when exposure comes through the slaughter or butchery of the women who submit to it. 'The more efficient prosecntion of the quacks and public abortionists would bave s good effect, too, on thd medical pro- fession as a whole, who cannot but be infla- enced to some extent by the knowledge that their refusal to procure abortions frequently turns women over to cruel and often fatal butchery at the hands of quacks. Yet this woman Restern pursued her infamous calling for forty years, and even when ar- rested o few weeks ago it was at the instance of an agent who merely undertakes to pro- tect the mails from the dissemination of in- decent publications and articles. She was not indicted for her real crimes. Thereis evidently a serious defect in the law, a8 wel] as the social tolerance of the crime, in this country. The Irish race throughout the world will not be apt to rush into mouraing en masse for the memory of the Earl of LEITRIM, but will en- deavor with such fortitude as they can command to control their grief and stop the tearfal fountains from overflowing. The London Zimes must have meant this for irony: 1t is no exaggeration to say that the news of the murder of the Earl of LziTnix, which caased a profound sensation in the House of Commons yes- terday when confirmed by the Irish Secretary, has struck thls conntry with as much pa and amaze- ment as an unprovoked declaration of war. 1f this sentence is not intended to be ironical _it must mean that the evicting class of land- lords, underthe sting of guilty consciences, felt as if avenging bullets had whizzed past their ownheads for their heartless sclfishuess. In the case of the Earl of LErrriy, he is described as having “an iron will which was unmoved by buman misery, tears, or catreaties.” He was a catlous old man of 72 years, who had spent the ‘major portion of his long life in_oppressing his tenantry and in extermivating them from the country of thelr birth and the lands owned by their forefathers, which were confiscated by the robbers of whom the Earl of LEITRIM was a de- scendant. A writer who knows tac historv of the defunct landlord thus draws his portrait and the provocation which caused his eteroal eviction from his ill-zotien possessions: The Earl of LErTnix was well known asa land- 1ord whose idcas of richts of property promoted him to stretca the powers given him by Jaw to the atmost limit. and who was therefore extremely unpopular with his tepantry_and with tne smail farmor class generaliy. For over twenty-five years he had heen consolidating farmns, evicting Tenante, and torning his land into immense grass farms. During that time he bad, perhaps, received More threatening letters than any landlord or agent in Ircland, nd on more than one occasion he is supposed to bave narrowly escaped ywith his life from armed parties Iyinz in wait for fim. e owned immense tracts of land in the C ountizs of Donegal, Leitrim, and Derry. as_well a3 s small estate in Kildare, und probably evicted more tenants in his ifetime than any other man in Ire- land. Itis eaid that, unlike other landlords, he was quite impartial in regard to the religion of his tenants, and hundreds of sturdy Presbyterian farmers now settled in Ohio. Indiana, and Illinois, a8 well as Catholics, were forced to give up their homes in Doncgal and emigrate. The popular press 1n Ircland have for years held him up to ublic odinm as the worst of ‘‘cxterminating™ [andlords, and he frequently fiqured in law courts as aparty in aggravated dispntes about land. e —— Al Lords are landloras; but there is a differ- ence between Lords as landlords. Lord Ler- TRIM was crazy, but his insapity was not re- garded as atoning tor his violence, licentious- ness, and harshness towards his tenants. The last English mails brought accounts of a suit against one of his Doncgal tenants. The Earl had cut dowu the man’s farm end raised his rent; then turned him from the land be and his family had held for tbree renerations, because he persisted in gathering scaweed from the shore for manure; then refused to pay the tenant for his tenant-right, thoush the courts gave the tenant some $1,700. Meanwhile, the same mails told of the banquet with which Lord RosEBERT'S tenants celebrated his marriages where the law officers said that their only dutv was, onee in every ninetecn years, to remew leases, with which the temants were always satisfied; where the steward declared that the tenants were not a penny in arrears, and where a very affectionate and graceful letter from the Jord of the manor was read, whereln, by the way, he catled his wife * HAxxan.” The whole secret and solution of the **land question” is probably to be found in the speech of Lord Rosesery’s steward, who said that- both land- Tords and tenants could learn from the Dalmeny estates,—the former not to ask too high rents, and the latter not to bid against each other and offer more rent than thev could pay. If this golden advice were heeded by Irish agentsand tenants the close scason for laudlords would open sooner and last longer. ——— The rumors of the substitution of another woman’s body for that of * Madamn RESTELL,” and the eacape of the alleged suicide to Europe, remind us of the rumors sct atloat when CoLT cut his throat in the Tomb= just after his mar- riage, and while the Sheriff was waiting to lead him to the gallows. Many people believe to this day that CovT never committed suicide, but +was enabled to escape in the confusion that pre- vailed on account of the fire which broke out precisely at that moment, and that the body ot a prisoner who bad opportuncly died in the hospital was substituted for his. There was just such a story widely circulated and as widely believed about Jomx WiLkes Boors, and many gimpletons are still willing to bet that LiN- corx's murderer i3 yet alive, and that some une else’s bones rest in the grave at Baltimore. Roit was at the exccution of Dr. WEBSTER. Thousands of people believed firmly that he ‘was not swuog off at all, but that a dummy was haoged in his stead, and that the real murderer estaped to Norway in a swift-sailing schooner. Golnz back another gencration, we have the case of Marshal NEY, declared to have escaned the bullets of the firing-party to fly to South Carolina and become a school-teacher. Indeed, it may be said with safety that no really **his- torical ” exccution, or euicide to avoid execu- tion, can be cited.concerning the zenuineness of which doubts have not been popularly enter- tained. The New York Times draws a charcoal sketch of Senator MATTHEWS, who is champloning the Pacific Railroad grabbers aod opposing the Interests of the people and of his constitucnts —for rewards or hope of rewards best known to himself, but certainly not the reward of an approving conscience. - Says the Times: The Administration Senator from Ohio isa man who plags many parts. At one moment a dema- gogue, pandering to the ignorant passions of a mob. at another the enemv of all contracts and obligations involying the nation’s honor, at a toird the zealons attorney of an insolent monopoly, pleading for privileges at the cost of the peaple, and fighting for adherence to an alleged contract in spite of repeated violations on the part of his icnts. 1t is as the aitorney that he now fignres ‘before the Senste, No more doca the demagogne 3 s w, is qui Bl Eciads’ the ‘seapie ot the DIAMRE oF the o pantes whose canse he hias espoused. : A Theremarks of Scoator EDMTNDS upon the cor. rupt operations of JAY GotLD's lobby in fizht- ing the Government Railroad Refundirg, bily were not more pointed tnan thoee of Senator THURMAN, who the next day called ettention to the same fact. Hesald: For two years this subject has been b Senate: for more than two years it has heir:fi':!fa the Judiclary Committec of the Senate. and in that time 1 hiave never seen or heand of one ma hostile to the rafiroad companies lobbsing Cop. Zress—not one. 1 have secn this Senate Chamber fli=d with the railroad Jobbes I bave seen o mi. leries filicd: 1 have seen the corridors filied: | bave scen tne committee-room bestegeds I hay seen Senatora beeiczed at thelr own houscs oy the Tailroad lobby : but never did 1 ee one man or pey of one man here urging legisiation hostile 10 thess companies. —_———e We apprehend that Mr. BLate will not find it such an easy matter to run his little measure through Congress. Much as an implacable Re- publican may dislike being unable to work the Custor-Houses and Post-Ofices i hisdistrict, he would prefer the existing condition of things to having to buck against Democratic Collmo’u and Postmasters next November. Mr. MONTGOMERY BLAIR gives a vast variety of reasons why Maryland was sclected as the tate’ to open war on Mr. HAYES' title, but omits the real one—to-wit: That the Implaca- bles couldo’t get any other State to do it though they hunted from California to Lonisi. ana, and from Mississippi to Jersey. _—— BoucIcATLT is vursuing McWADE with alf the vigor of the law, and expresses his anxiety to exterminate the pirates who prowl around and prey upon the successes of other people, It other artists had entertained snd acted upon similar convictions, Mr. BoUCICAULT would have died long before his last failures. ——— We presume that Mr. BLAIR’S. resolution fs the first salt spray of the ‘‘ overflowing scourge” mentioned in Mr. BLACK'S weather predictions. These * overflowing scourges * have ditferent pames. In some places they are called “ tida} waves'; another name for them is “ bores, —monstrous bores, as it were. — e —— Two of the greenbacked youth of New York have at last met upon the ficld of honorand settled thelir differences by blood. It was shed from the nose. Beneath the rule of men en- tirely zreat the boxing-glove is deadlier than the dueling-pistol. If Mr. HATES wants to conciliate everybody, Iet bhim placate the ferocious Republicans by having Secrctary SCHURZ assassinated, and the ferocious Democrats by nominating Mr. Moxt- GOMERY BLAIR for the Interior Depurtment. - — —— President McCosn is zoiog to write an articla on * College Discipline” for the North Ameri- can Review. The paragraph devoted to Prince- ton will be sometning like the chapter on the enakes of Jreland. e ———— The only weak point fn the argument of those who deny that Madam RESTELL escaped is taeir claim thatshe couldn't do so, because that woald have involved the corrupt collusion of 50 many officlals. —_—— The Britieh marksmen will uot come overhera to shoot this summer, unless there should'be 3 war with Russia. e —— Mr. Howe scems to have stumbled over “the man that the Republican party stumbied onat Cincinoati.” ——— In Madam RESTELL’S case the wages®of sia are alleged death and S$600,050. PR e PERSONALS. There is not a female figure to be foundin Meissonier’s pictares. So Mr. Hamerton eays. Bob Ingersoll has been nsked to give the annual address before the Law School of Boston University. ‘Wade Hampton likes black horses, and the people of. Anderson Couat, S. C., have given him = splendid eable charger as a pirthday present Alexandre Dumas has induced some one to pay him $4,000 for the rizht of reprodutinz ++Joseph Balsamo™ in America. The play failed at Paris. Bismarck on the death penalty: *‘Not even in the future do T expect that its abolition will be possible, and of that apolition I shalt ever remain the frreconcilable enemyy Frederic Harrison has been lecturing at London on **Practical Modes of Discodowinzand Disestablishing the Church of England.” Hisan- dience was a very large and distinguished one, 2nd the lectarer was very warmly received. Fifteen years ago Mark Hopkins left Great Barrington, Mass., in coarse clothes aod rough boots, and with borrowed money. His widow has returned there from California in 3 special palace-car, with a princely retinue of serv- ants. Jr. Dodwell, the clergyman who tried to shoot the Master of the Rolls in coart, has been declured sane by the physicians who examined bin in Newrate, to which prison be was committed becanee the jury declared that he had done the ct while of unsoand mind. The Grand-Duke Nicholas is tall, strongly built, and soldierly in apoearance. bat with no in- dication of capacity, and cerfainly none of refine- ment, in his countenance. His features are com mon and coarse, his forehead is narrow, sod his glance fierce, and thereis a great deal of bluster abont him. The European Ultramontane papers 81y that towards the close of last December Vietor Emmanacl, after having made an appoiatment by means of & trasty agent, visited the Vatican st night ond incoz., was led to the Pope’s chembety and there spent three hours, on hls knees 828 bathed in tears, in earnest converssuon Wi Pio IX. Joseph Arch, the head of the Englih Farm. Laborers® Cnion, says that it now conalot 50,000 membere, and that if the soil were propecy caltivated the farmers conla afford to pay theit Jaborers £1 a week. As to war, Le declared it ws the aristocracy who cried out for f, that their sou$ mieht be ** pensioned on the blood and sizew of the people.™ A demi-mondaine of Washington obtaized a front seat in the Senate gallery one day Jast etk and dropoed from her coign of vantage a perius! billet-doux upon the deskof s dignified Seotor benesth. He read it, and seat for the DeptiT Sergeant-at-Arms, and tnaz stern officisl led the fair and frail one out of the gallery by her tiake shell-like ear. A French album has on ome page thre? autographs of distinguished statesmen, with theff sentiments, as follows : In my long lite I have learned two rules of wisde®h The BAUC13 pardon much: the second-Deser e et o wi q with_the 53" A ltle forgetting wouldu's it badly witt the oning. Berr) For my vart, Thave learned to forget much, ask hat mueh shuuld be pardoned in me- BIsyARCE: The Indian Journal, Eafala, Ind Tets prints the- petition or memorial of Gos. Colems2 Cole, of the Choctaw Nation, to Conzress, 0 e proposition to territorialize the Indian TerritoT- The document begins 23 follows: Gryriewes Sies: I, Coleman Cole PHICE Culef of the Choc Kation, respectfuliy represcs It turns out that when the Prince of Waleh the Duke of Cambridge, Lord Beaconsfield: :; Duke of Cleveland, -and the other distingol folk at tne Rosebery-Rothschild weddiog. si& the charch-register after the relizious ceremol bad been performed they violated the 1 statate, enacted nearly a quarter of 3 centuiy % brovides that when a couple are married ¥ clergyman after a civil marriage has umvh: before the Registrar, no record of the factista made npon the register of tbe parieh, ihe P being that such a record wouid in 3 me3stte creait and declare to be incomplete the civil &t mony. Howerer, the commission of 82 il g by the futnre King of England and the Pl Premier and Commander-in-Chief 20 & upon the atatus of the °*happy couple fordd® e Abesiatly pfovides that the ceremony 0uc P formed before tne magistrate is complete. =