Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 4, 1878, Page 4

The @tibnm. 'FERMS OF SUBSCRIITION, Y MAIL—IN ADV. fatly Eaitlon, one year. Partaof aye Connty, Hemittances may be made either by draft, express, Fost-Office order, orin registered letters, at oorrisk. THRMS TO CITY SUNSCRINERS. Datly, delivered, Bunday excepted, 25 cents per week. Datly, delivered, Bunday {neluded, 30 cents per week. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANRY, Corner Madiron and Dearborn-sts,, Chicago, Il Orders for tha delivery of Tuz Toinuxzat Evanston, Toglewnod, and Hiyde Park left in the ocountlng:room ‘W lireceive rompt attention. it S, TRIDUNE BRANCH OFFICES. ‘Trim Criicano TRINTN® has established branch offices for the recelpt of subscriptionsand sdvertisements 88 tollows: NEW YORK—Room 20 Triduns Buflding. F. T. M FavnEx, Marager. PARIS, France—No. 10 Ruo de I8 Grangs-Datellere. H. MAMLER, Agent. LONDON, Eng.—American Exchange, 449 Gtrasd. Uzry F, GiLiio, Agent, BAN FRANCI5CO, Cal,—Palsce Hotel M MeVicker's Thentre. Madfson dtrect. between Deatborn snd State. *The Two Orphans.” EMENTS, Hooley?s Thentre. Randolph street, between Clark and TLaSalle. Engsgement of the Oates English Opera Bouffe Troupe. *'Qirofie-Qlrofin." New Chicngo Theatre, Clark street, apposite Sherman House, Engage: ment of V¥, Irving Bishop, the Antl-Spiritist and Mind Jteader. Huoverly’s Theatre, Monroe street, corner of Desrborn. Engsgementof Rosa Rand. **Clio."” Colisenm Novelty Theatre, Clark street, opposits Court-lionse. Varlety vers formance. MONDAY, MARCH 4, 1878, In Now York on Baturday grecnbacks ruled stendy at 98}, A Minlstorial crisis has occurred st ‘Quebee, involving the resignation of the “Premier and tho formstion of & now Min- {atry by tho loader of the opposition. Gen. Gnant arrived in Constantinoplo yestorday, e will be just in time to wit- ness the closing scones in the groat military spoctacle wherent all Europo has gazed for nearly o year past. The coronation of i’am Lzo XIM. took place ot Rome yesterdny in the Sistino . Chapel without other nccidont than the breoking of a fow windows by an eager and curious crowd. Thoe usual distribution of blossings followed as tho Pontiff was carried Dack to his apartmen| There {s bullion enongh already on hand to supply tho mints for the first month's coinago under tho Silvor law, and the new dollars thus produced con ot onco be put into ciroulation by their employment in the purchaso of bullion for the next month's work intho minta. Whother this will ba the policy of tho Becretary of tho Treasury, or, indoed, what form of construction and exo- cution ho will give to tho law, is a matter of uncertainty at present. A bill pending in the Houso at Washing. ton proposes tho appropriation of 81,525 to pay for the valuable services rondered at va- rious times by Dapxey Warsen, a Virginia slave, to tho Union forces, Porhaps tho most convincing proof of the justico of tho claim for compensation is tho fact that the Confoderate Governmont onco offorcd n re- ward for his capture, dead or alive. A no- gro who was that much damage to the Rebels must havo been of some value to tho other side. The proposition to crect in Washington s building suitable for a National Museum mcots with favor in the Mouse Committeo on Public Buildings, which has ngroed to recommond an approprintion of $245,300 for the purposo, tho building to be in plan and character similar to that orcoted at tho Phil. adelphia Exhibition. It i3 eminently proper that tho interosting and valuablo collection thero displayed ahould be preserved by some permanent profect of the kind contomplated in tho plan for o National Musoum, and no ono need begrudgo the appropriation requi. eito to carry the plan into execution, — Representative Scmvriones, of Texas, in an interview which is given in anothor col- umn, oxpressea frooly his opinion as to the prospect of an improved under. standing, commorolally and otherwiso, betweon tho United States and Mox. co. Mr. Somipscurs has no folth In the sbility of the Diaz Government to enforce the regulations neceusary to insnroa peaceful and orderly condition of affalrs along tha border, snd but litle confidence in its dis- position to nocept the only feasible method of guppressing ralds,~that is, by inviting the co-operation of the United Btates troops fn tho pursuit and copturo of tho catile. thieves from the southorn bank of the Rio QGrande. Evidently Mr, Bemuricuen s no sdmirer of the Mexicon Republic, and not nsnx(aun to goo Drazracognized by the United tatos. . . The methods ewployed in tho sbduction of negroes in the Bouth for the purpose of selling them into slavery in Cuba are de. scribed in & report of a Bpecial Agont of the Interior Department, just submitted to Becrctary Benurz, Bv the connivanco of unprincipled Americaus “in Bouth- ern seaports, owners and musters of vessels sailing to and from the Jslond have cnticed Iurge numbers of colored mon on board by the offer of advance wages aa sallors snd deck-hauds, and, upou arriving in Cuba, buvo sold them s slaves. It s this nefarious pructico that Judge Lrosaen, of Loulsiaua, Las gono to inyestigato as the especial ageut of the President, and thero is no reason to doubt that theso modern kidnappers and slove-stealers will bo forced to abandon the lucrative systom. With the eucrgetic assist. anco of the Cuban Government, whick has been promtacd the President, the suppression of Ii!‘m lhom'bls traffio should be mads short ‘Work of, A From various sources the information is convoyed In the cable dispatchos of tho sigu- ing of the treaty of pesce by Russis and Tuskey on Baturdsy, The fact was yestor- day aunounced by the Grand Duke Nicroris ¢o bis soldiers on the occasion of & grand re- view at Ban Blefano, and the receipt of the jutelligencs in Bt. Petersburg was ths occa- sion of great rojoicing. The terms of the treaty have not been wedo known, and as et wro only matters af rumor. In London such bonds. redeomablo in gold shall make n monthly doposit o! gold equal to & por cent of THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: MONDAY. MARCH 4, 1878, it is understood that Rusia bas relinquished her demand rolative to the surronder of any portion of the Turkish floet, and of the cessfon of the Bulgarian and Egyptian tributes, nccepting in lion thereof incrensed territory in Armenfs. It meems certain, however, that the army of the Grand Duko will march throngh Constantinople and re- .| tarn home by way of the Bosphorus and the Black Sea, in spito of tho protestsof En. gland or the thront of recslling the British Minister at Bt. Petersburg in the event of such an Invasion of Constantinople, i el s { ABOLITION OF NATIONAL BANK NOTES. The Houso Committeo on Baonking and Currency hias at last matured tho biit for the retirement of all the cironlating notes of the National Banks, and the permanent issue therofor of Trensury notes. In its prosent ahapa it i3 possiblo the bill may pass both THouses of Congress and become a law; it not at the present, then at the next session of Congress, The bill provides, substan- tially, s follows : That the Secrotary of the Treasury shall have propared an {ssuc of Trossury notes equal to the wholoe amount of outstanding Nationnl Bank notes (about $323,000,000); these Trensury notes aro to conform gener+ ally to tho groonbacks, and shall be receiva- ble for all taxes, otc., due to the United Btntes, and bo payable for all claims against the United Btatos as National Bank notes aro now receivablo and payable; and, in addi- tion, bo recoivable for customs duties to the amount of one-third of each payment of du- tios, The Trensury notes shall bo exchango- ablo at por with logal-tender notes ot the Treasury. They shall also be rocoivabloin ox- change at par for 4 per cent bonds of the United Btates, The notes as soon as pre- pared shall bo sent to the soveral Sub-Troas- uries, with instrnotions to cosse to pay out upon any noccount whatever auny National Bank notes, but to pay out in place of such bank notes theso Trensury notes, and this to continuo until the wholo of such notes of the National Bankseball bo rotired. Tho ‘bank notes so retired to bo sent to the Troas- ury every thirty days; and whonever the notes of any bank to tho amount of §3,000 shall bo recoived at tho Trensury, tho bank is to bo notified and be ontitled to roceive, on payment of an equal sum in legal-tender notes, bonds of such bank on deposit with tho Tressuror. Any bank may withdraw all its bonds upon payment to tho Treasury of Iegal-tendor notes equal to ita circulation, ‘The Secrotary of the Treasury is to use the legal-tender notes received in exchange for bank notes, and the Troasury notes recelved in oxcliango for 4 percent bonds, to pur- clisse outstanding :6 por cent bonds, or in tho purchaso of gold or silver coin with whick to redecm nnd poy such bonds. Any Nation. sl Bank may exchango ita G per cent bonds ot tho Trensury, recciving therefor tho full market valuo of such bonds in Treasury notes, togother with the accrued interest-on Natioual Banks issuing notes their wholo circulation until the same is wholly redeemed. No ciroulating notos ore to be horoattor issued to auy baunk, Thero can be no mistaking tha purpose of thisbill, It provides nbsolutely for a ma- tionnl paper curroncy, to the exclusion of ony other, Tho paper moncy of tho coun. tryistobe: 1. Groenbacks or lognl-tenders to an amount not exceoding 409,000,000, 2, Lrensury notes, not logal-tendors oxcept to tho samo oxtent that National Bauk notes now are, and redeemable as the Lank notes aro, in legal-tonders ot the Tronsury, Doth forms of. paper, howover, are ‘roceivable in payment of duties to the -extont of 83} per cent of oll poyments, and the Treasury notes are alko recoivable ot par in oxchango for 4 por cout bonds, It is cloimod for tho bill that tho new car- ronoy isn constitutional Issuo of notes, as thoy aro not logal-teuders and therefors are not *“foreod." No attompt is made by the Lill to incroaso the sum of the legal-tender notes beyond tho 3400,000,000 lmit. The margin of $60,000,000 botween tho out- standing smount of legal-tendors and the maximum limit will Lo bold as a redemption fund, and be paid out only ns needed to re- deem the Treasury notes. The legal-tenders rocolved from taxes and other sourccs may render tho use of this redemption fund un. necessary, 60, while there will be no contrac. tion of tho curroncy consequent upou the rotirement of tho bank-note circulation, thero will bo no watoring or_dilution of tho legal- tendor notes that can brosk down the valuo of tho groonbacks. Tho fact that the Trensu. ry notes will bo roccivable at par for 4 per cont coin bonds witl serve to keep the whole papor currency ot par, Tho country will therofore bave but one kind of paper curren. oy in circulation, and that will bo exclusively nationsl, It is belioved, and it ia claimed, that $300, 000,000 of 5-20 bonds can be purchased with these 'Troasury notos thus substituted for tho bank notes ; theso bonds bear 6 por cont intercst, or $18,000,000 annually in coln, 'The saving of one yoar on eightcen months® interest will poy a!l the promium lost in tho purchaso of the 5.20 bonds. As those Trens. ury notes will be pormanont, the §300,000,- 000 of bonds purchased will bo taken from the aggregate of tho debt, and the saving of annunl interest will- be $18,000,000, Thoro will bo an sonual Joss of 1 per cont tax on tho bonk-note cireulation, which tax 8 now pald by the banks, or an aggregnto annual loxs of §3,250,000, to offsot the saving of 818,000,000 anuual futercst, or a not saving of noarly 315,000,000 o year, The banking capital now invested In bonda to socura circulation will be libesated, ns well as the 20 per cent, including redemption funds, now locked up end unavailable. The bonks will bo rchieved of all solicituda as to tha redemption of thelr circulation, aud there will be wore money actually in hand to lend or uso iu their businoss by the bauks by 00,000,000 to $75,000,000 than thers can bo under tho presout systom. It {5 further clajmed thnt the substitution of Treasury notes for tho bank notes will bo mads so goutly and so gradually that the business in. terests will never experionco any inconven. ience. It will cause no stringenoy, snd no embarrassmont to the banks or derangement of wonetary affalrs, A ‘This meusure {4 iu tho interest of peaco and of pormanenoy in fiuancial legislation, Thero isa widespread popular sutagonism to the Nationat Banks. Thathostility extends much further and deoper thau tho banks seem to undorstand. Tho action of the great wass of National Banks during the contro. versy on the Bilver bill bas intensifled this enmity, It isuseless for the bauks to sup. poso that they can contend successfully with the 1nass of the people, dopending upon an Ezocutive veto to protect an existence which bas boen doomed to perish, This bill, should it bocomwe a law, will leavp the bank charters in existunce, aud with Do purpose or wish to disturb thew. It will mercly do- privo tho banky of the power to issuo their coased to be profitable. soting for tho banks, ‘We thus progent to our readera the gon- oral scopa and plan of the bill now pending to abolish the National Bank cirenlation and substitute therofor Troasury notes, As this mensure {s thus shaped in porhaps its least objectionable form, and will possibly be pressed earnostly for action at thia sossion, and will enter largely into tho diseussions at the clactions this fall, it should bo carefully considered as amost important question ap- poaling directly for public jndgmont. LINCOLK'S DEFIRITION OF REPUBLICAN GOVERNMENT. Ono of the grandest nny!n‘ga of President Laxcorn which will live ns long asourlangunge oxists, is that torso and striking deseription of onr Govarnment in his Gettysburg speach, which lias becomoe s bouschold word with millions,—* A Govornment of the poople, by tha poople, for the people.” Would that it wero written on the walls of tho White House and the Tronsury (and heeded s well), so that the country might rest in thoe conviction that ¢ the popular will,"” so overwholmingly manifested, is indecd to bo ** tho law of the land.” 1t does not matter how signally tho cronkings of tho gold faction (about tho riso in gold and tho fall in Governmont bonds if the Bilver Lill passed) have been falsified, 1t doos not matter how signally the gibber- ish nbout the demonetized dollar belng worth ‘but 00 cents has been so sharply rebuked by tho logic of events in tho steady rise of silver in value, abroad ag woll ad here. It docs not matter that Becrotary Smeryan re. gords thoso wutter refutations of his oft-reitoratod theorics on tho subject ns ‘“a foverlsh tomporary tendency”! 1t does not matter if nll tho official attempts to manufacture such a publio opinion in European a8 well as Amorican financial ciroles, by all kinds of gloomy uttorances, backed by tho Now York press, havo go misorably falled. It does not mat- ter if the President regards tho prompt votoing by Congress of his voto,—which did not even claim, a8 Axpy Jonysoy used to do, that the act was unconstitutional,—wss *“1n- decont haste.” Both Presidont and Secre- tary, in their official papers, had done their uttermost, oven to tho use of laugunge which, betweon man and men in social circles, would have been considered moro frapk than complimentary. And, after all, tho Boenators and Represontatives of the Btates and the people, by the most sweoping vote of these times, breaking down all party lines, and in the twice-reponted form preseribed by tho Constitution, and Ly an aggregate voto 6o oxtraordinnrily large na to leavo but a small minority of tho Btates and their Congressmon on the nide of the Presi- dent nnd Becrotary, hiavo onacted tho popu- lar will on this subject into mandatory law. That * will of the people,” so overwhelm- ingly and so unmistakably manifested and daclared, muat now Lo oboyed., The vetoing Prosidont and tho dissatisfied Bocrotary be. come now, under our system of Govern. mont, the executors of the law—the Exocu. tive. And their oaths bind thom to the faithful administration of tho law, While tho millions of *“tho people,” wonrfed with all the officinl efforts to prevent tho righting of the wrong ngalnst them caused by the demonetizing act of 1873, and slek at hoart with the multiplied bankrupt- oles fince, will now wateh thelr official course with tho sevorest scrutiny, we have faith that nono.of our Republican officers will dishonor themselves by nuy attompt to thwart or impair tho faithful and the com- plotost cxecution of the law. Now, what. over thelr personnl viows, thoy have no right to allow thon to affect therr offlcial course, Thoy aro now administrators of the law. If Lixcoun sald truthfully that this is “a Gov- erument of the poople, by tha poople, for the people,” the will of tho people mnst now be obeyod and oxecutod, without dolay, ovasion, or complaint. Lot our officers remomber the famous doclaration of Gen, Gnaxt, 1 have no policy to onforeo against tho will of tho pooplo,” and bow in obedlienco to it; as whon, In spite of bLis being, as Mrs. Gnant said, **an obstinate man,” ho gave up, pub. licly and uoreservedly, hls earnest desiro for 8t, Domingo nnucxation, Tha pooplo, on this subject, havo spoken, again and again, with no uncortain voice. Lot thelr public servants now heed and oboy. THE MALICE OF THE DISAYPOINTED QOLD-CLIQUE, 'The most conspleuous {nstanco wo have no- ticed of the spiteful and malicious disposi. tion of tho small clique of men who have failed in their attempt to forco a resumption of specle-.paymonts on the bosis of a con. tractod nnd contracting supply of gold, is furnished in the Jost numbor of the Now York Nation, published on the very ove of the flual passago of the Bilver law, The Nution gives o skotch of the procesas Ly which certain towns aud counties in Bouth. ern Hlates have led up to a partial ropud in- tion of thoir obligations with the ultimita purpose of repudlating thom altogother, and then likens the successful efforts for tho remonetization of silver to tho disreputable practicos which It describes, In plain words, it charggos thint the yemonetization of silver fs * tho firat stop towards ropudintion,” and virtuatly notifies the whole world that, this step having boou taken, there will be no halt until the fall measurs of andl‘flon shall bave bosn achieved. ‘The supporter of the silver romonotization is called a *‘dema. goguo,” and characterized ay dishonest, und his purpose {u thus Jeseribeds What we wivh to pafnt out hore fs tho extrome finprobabilite tnot be will be content with the vic- tory ho haw Just wan. 1le has sscured at thia writ- Ang the bossaye of the bllver bill, bug, be it well rememberod, ho Lias not sscured it In the churacter of & i-metallist, but of & repuuiating debtor, Tuwt the ranke of tho sliver wen coutaln & copeid- erably bouy of honest, but, &8 we conculve, mis- tuken, bl-inetnlliste we du not deny, hut theeo nien have played no prominent part 1n the sgitation, ‘They bave beeu earried along by it, sud hive now and then made efforte 1o divert Jis course, somo of which bave vroduced goud revults, such ue tha chauges 10ad0 In the Branp bill in the Senate. But the prepondersting fufiuenco in it the one which has given It all its life, bas bees the repudlating “nflucice. Fbe sliver doliar has baa little "or mo stiraction for the bulk of the wilver men, eithur us @ woans of ealarg- ing the colu basis of J)El‘ circulation ur as providing & more extended market for a loadlug broduct of At shuwn by thelr mm;wnom y dollur escept one of 4124 grains. Lxs been due (o the fuct that i1 less than gold; tuat 1o, g st 31245 gre Ilull with guld, 1t would bave uo atiractious for them. Further on the Nation charges that, when it sball be evident that the silver dollar of 412§ gralng will not serve the purposo thuy defined, the **silver demagogues” will re- produco the same arguments they have here- tofore used in favorof a 400, then a 850, then a 800 grain dollar, *‘and in favor of ro- ducing the value of the legal-tender dollar indofiuitely until the poiut is reached st which evirybody will be sble, without sneri- own notes, and the banks thomselvos have for yoars insiatod that their circulation had The new notes not belng legal-tonder, oxcept so far as the bank notes now are, the change will bo more nominal than real,—{be notes will be re- doemed in groenbacks at tho Treasury by tho Govornmont acting for itselt instond of fice or inconveniense, to proctire a4 many dollars as will bo suficiont to pay his delita,” Without pansing to criticiso tho bad grame mar of the sentence, it may ba said bluntly that tho sentiment ia disroputablo and the charga maliciously ‘nnd knowingly false, When greed and spito earry a newspaper s0 far aa to do what it can to blacken tho char- neter of its own poople and to destroy Amorican reputation and credit among the othor peoples of the world, it earns the con- tempt even of those whom it secks to serve. ‘The atendy opposition to any othor silver dollar than that containing 412} grains was not owing, ns tho Nation knows vory well, to any disposition to pay creditors 10 per cont less than {s dus them, and much lcas to the purpose of ontering npon a schema of gradual but total ropudiation. The domand for the dollar of 412} grains was based upon sovornl grounds, every one of them sufficient to justify it. It was the dollar which had been taken from the peoplo without thor consont or their knowlodges tho contract betwoeon dobtors and creditors, both publio and private, was thus violated, and the wrong which had been done could only be righted by the restoration of the contract on its original basis, It would have beenan injury and an injustice to tho croditor to havo restored tho silver dollar on the basis of 400 grains; but it would bave beon equally nn {njury and an Injustico to the debtor to bave restored it on the basis of 420 grains. The contract could only be kept in good faith to both parties by restoring tho silver dollar of the weight and finencss that it Lind prior to ita clandestine olimination from the monoy systom, thereby restoring the Ameri- can, bianetallic option of pnying debta in cither metal at tho established ratio provail. ing at the time such debts were contracted. While the foregoing was tho principal law- ful renson for insisting tpon the dollar of 412§ grains ond no other, thers were othor circumstances which mndo it inoxpodiont and unfair to consent to any incronse in the woight of tho silver dollar. The American oxperienco of o long torm of years de. monstrated that tho American ratio of 16 ounces of silver to 1 ounco of gold in coinnga Lad made the silver dollar too valuablo as compared with the gold dollar, and had kopt the former out of circulation ; contemporancous exporience in other coun. tries also prove that the ratio of 15} to1 (giving n silver coin of 8 por cont less than tho value of tho standard American dollar) is tho basis for keeping gold and silver coins in cirenlation sido by side, along with cur. renoy redeemablo in coin, It would have been folly to igmore these facts and to destroy the very purposo of remonetization by overwelghting tho silver dollar and thus driving it out of circulation, Another clr- cumstance benring strongly on tho case was tho domonstration that 412} grains of sil- vor, oven as bullion and without any legal. tender function, can to-day be oxchanged for moro valuo in any given commodity than it commnnded somo years ago when, na a sil ver dollar, it was more valuable than the gold dollar, This clroumstanco proved two things, viz.: (1) That thero would bo no in. justicoin paying creditors in sllver dollars of 412} grains with o greater purchasing power than they lad whon the debta wero contracted, and (2) that silver had maine toined o stoadler value than gold in its rola- tions to all othor commoditics, and should not, consequently, bo disturbod by increns- ing or decronsing the nmount of motal in tho standard ooin, The few days that havo elapsod sinco it becamo manifest that the sil- var dollar would bo restored have sorved to provo tho correctnoss of tho prediotion that silvor and gold would rapidly approximate in value, Tho bultion valuo of silver haa in. croased soveral conts an ounce, and the valuo of gold, as detorinined by a comparison with tho logal-tonder notes, hos declined. Itis tho progross of this mutual tendency toward a common point that will Lring about the approximato equilibrium and common use of both motals In tho monoy system. Noman in his sonsos can deny that the problom of rosumption is casier of solation with n supply of . gold and silver ns tho legal and intrinsio money of tho nation than with o limitod supply of gold alone. The restora- tion of silver to our monetary system haa ‘beon, then, a long step in the direction of rosumption, instoad of a stop backward tow- ard the indefinito postponement of resump- tion nnd ultimate repudiation. It is not unlikely that many of those who have as. sisted in tho work of restoring silver 1o thoe American monotary system aro still in favor of unlimited enlargement gnd pormanont frredeomability of a paper eurroncy, But tho preforonces of such porsons caunot chango the loglo of tho case, and tho fact remains that resumption will be oasior of secomplishwent now than before, and tho doctrine of an unlimitod inflation of lrre. doemable currency will hava fower advocates in view of this fact than it would otherwiss have had, The charges of the Nution ore ns untruthfal, thereforo, as its predictions are maliciouns, — AN INTERESTING HISTORICAL PARALLEL, 'Tho extremely able diplomaoy of tho Rus- stans dm\ng tho last fourteen months, ever slnco Gormucutaxory induced Europe to de. clare that Turkey should bo trounced, and then proceaded to put Russia torward as the Power to exccute tho will of Europe, with its subtlety, audacity, romarkable combina. tions, and oxtreme mystifications, rocalls tho singular negotiations that concluded the war of 182820, ‘The military situation was, it is ¢me, differont, Inutead of posscssing, as sho now does, an unquestioned superiority, Russia was really in desperate straits, Diz. srrson was fndeed at Adrianople, but he had only 15,000 men with hiw, sick, frozen, and verishing with famloe and fever, and it was doubtful if the Ozar could have put suother army in the fleld had the Turks viewed the situation valmly. But in 1829, as now, the Great Powers were indifforent or inharmon!- ous; though the Times was preaching war, and France was willing to joln. MxrTEs. xicn biad vainly endeavored to form a league of Austrin, France, England, and Prussia to fmposo 1mediation on tho combatants; as Vox Brosy sald uoder other circumstances at a later day, ** Thore was no moze Europe.” All was prepared for a polioy of craft and bluff Preclsely as the Russions called out 120 battalions as soon asthe annistice was signed afowdays ago, they then began to talk of putting an immense force in the fleld, while Tamsceevy, the Russian Ambassador at Vienns, loudly declared that Russla wounld go to any extreme rather than sabmit toa sottlement of the quarrel between horsel? aud Turkey byany European Congress. The Congress of 1820 was nipped in the bud, just a8 has been that of 1878, This * blug ™ was uscful, but mesnwhile Niomoras had gone to Berlin, to be present at the marriage of tho now Emperor of Germany, then Princo Wuitax of Prussis, and bad told tho Prussian King, Faxprzicx Wurnax IIL, of his angiety that the Porte should be brought to open penco negotiations. He was willing to make peace on very renson. ablo terms, and no wonder, for s yet (June 11, 1820) Dreprrsor had not crossed tho Balkans, and the Russlan armics wore detnined boforo Shumlas and 8i. listria, Frepenticr Winuau favored a ponco, and sent to Constantinople, ns o Prussian Envoy Extraordinary, Baron Vox Morrring, an ardent admirer of the Czar, whoso agont he was in reality to be, The Baron, on setting out, warned the King that ho had no hopo of success unless the Sultan shonld be properly scared by n fiying advance by Diensirscn, so that he would call in the Prussian Envoy a¢ a friend and confidential adviser, The French and English Ambassa- dora at Conatantinople wero lot into part of the secrot, and, ns all of the Earopean Pow. era droaded a prolongation of the war that might end ina genernl conflagration, they helpod the Baron in his mission. In July Drzprrscn bolted over the Balkans ond soized Adrianoplo,—as Vox Mugrrivo bhad advisad, ~and Resonip Pasha proposed to the Rus. elan Goneral to opon negotistions for a peace. At the very same instant Murrria began his work at Constantinople, falrly torrifying the Bultan and Minister of Forolgn Affairs by the vehemonce of his langunge, showing how impossibla it was that the Onpltal could be defonded, and dilating on the Ozar’s mod- eration. Tho English Minister, backed by tho Duka of WerrinaToN, reinforced him, and the Sultan, in a panic, consented to ne. cept o peace on five defined conditions, in. cluding the intogrity of the Ottoman Em. pire, respeot of oxisting treaties, solid guarantecs for tho froe navigation of the Black Sen, and ulterior megotiationsns to indomnities. The Commissioners procesded to Adrianople to negotiste with Drenrrack, who, whilo treating, kept ndvancing, snd roiged his terms to the cession to Wallachia of Kalafat, Braila, and Ginrgovo, the an. noxation by Russin of Poti and Anapa and of the Pachalik of Achalzik, and indomni. tlea to Russia and the Russian merchonts guarantecd by Silistria and the Principalities, Against theso severo conditions the Bultan protested energotienlly, his protest belng sup. ported by tho Ambassadors, now nwake to the dangor, and Dientzscn agreed that the amount of the indemnity should not be mentioned in tho treaty, when, as the Turkish Ministors sald, **it was clear to tho most ignorant that the Porto could pay nothing.” The treaty ‘was signed Sept, 14,1829, and roused nll En- gland to rage.: ** England must go to war or confoss that sho Incks tho cournge to fight,” said Conperr; the Duke of WerriNaToy deo- olared ho would have proferred to soo the TRusalans in Constantinople, for then Enropo would have Iind to decido what sort of n Power should bo orectod on thae ruins of Tar. key. Lord Aneepzex tried to bring abont a genern! troaty, by which all the Powers, Rus- sin included, should guarantee the peaco of the East. But it was too late, nud Russin's resistance prevented the assembling of n European Conforence, aud thefinish was given to the whole business by Nesszunoos's baughty and saronstio dispatch, wherein ho declared that any guarantee of Turkey by united Europo was inadinlssiblo for tha fol- lowing exquisite roasons : ** Tho dangors that threnten Turkoy are cither extornal or intor. nal, Against the Intter a guarantce would be ineffectunl. Tho only Power that threat- ons Turkoy is Russla, and Russia cannot bo ozpeoted to take precautions ngainst hersolf and hor own interests.” Many poopla mny not regard this roasoning as satlsfactory, but the argument was deomed conclusive at the timo, and the European Congress nover assembled. Such was tho atory of thoPooce of Adrianople. A MARTYR T0 DUIY. The trogio dotails of tho death of Mr. Ban- nox, Cashier of tho Dextor Bavings Bank Maine, which weroe printed in our leat issue, should bo attontively road by overy person holding a position of finnncial trust, for the enke of the examplo that is contalned in this story of o man who died at his post, a martyr to daty. Examples of this sort aro not so numerons in these days that this one should be passed over without comment, and be left almply as arecord In the criminal calendar to bo rend to-dsy and forgotten to-morrow, Mr, Bannon was alono in tho bank at the time that tho burglars gained access to it. Thoy ovidently demauded the koys of the snfo and hio refused to give thewm up, Tho vault door and eafe door wero opon, but the innor doors, guarding tho property of the bauk, wereJocked. The scoundrels throw a ropo aronnd his neck and partially stranglod him, but still he would not open tho safo, Although phbyslcally a slight, weak man, ho wust have struggled with the ruf. flans, ns wos indicated by the wounds upon his head, Completely thwarted in thelr offort to comps! him to open the safe, in revenge they bLent him, haundcuffed and gogged him, and throw him into tho vault, secured only about $100, and made good their escape, loaving the herole Cashier to suffor through the darkness of the night. 1le waa found tho noxt morning by the bank officers, and died shortly afterwards from the injuries he had received. ‘Thore are fow clements of the herolo, and very littlo caloulated to dazzls one in the surroundings ot this fatality, or tho ciroum. utances of Mr. Banmon's life, But for this murder he would have gone on to the end of his career, faithful to his {rusts, honestly performing his duties, but unknown to the great world, evon in the sphere of labor in which ho was ongoged. o was simply the COashior of o small villago savings-bank, o plain, modest man, doing his work from morning to night according to the best of his capacity, liviog ina plain,unostentations man. ner, taking pleasure {u the routine of daty, and rewarded with the salary that supported his family, Tl was not defending bhis own property, Hoe was not guarding vast inter. osts. He might have ylelded to overpower. ing force and saved his life without entalling anything like o serious calamity upon the community in which he lived, or sproading disaster beyond the limita of his native vil. lage. It was ovident, however, that, when Lo nade up Lis mind to the course he should pursue, these contiogencies did not enter into his caloulations. e may have placed them upon one side of the scale and bave added to them the love of Lis wifo aud chil- dren, tho sssociations and affections of the family, bis own utter helplessness in the grasp of these strongand reckless ruffians, the moral certainty of death that awaited him, but duty on the other side weighed them down. He only reflected that ho was tho gusrdian of sacred trusts, and he saw be- fore him ouly his clear, plain duty that out. weighed all other considerations, snd be gove lus life to the socomplishment of that duty. The heroism of tho act shines all the brighter becauss he died for others,— becauso of the helplessness of the man, and tho hoj of the situation. His own interests were not ot stake, but he gave up his life, without husitation or question, to protect not only the intorests of his employ- ers, but to guard the small savings of widows and orphians, of lnborers nud farmers, and of the business.men of bhis little village. Tho hierolsm of tho deed was akin to that which bas led martyrs to tho stake, and loftier nnd nobler than that of the battle-field, because moral courage is always loftler and nobler than physical. Where scores and hundreds of mon in similar positione hove proved false, this ono proved true, and thereby re- deomed tho nobility of human nature at a time when popular confldonce in 1t is well nigh lost. At this timoe, whon corruption fs widesprend; when publio and pris have existed. During the greater part of the yonr the Mississippl rauts cannot even com. pete 60 closcly as can the railroads with hy grent Northorn wator-way to'tha senboan, It does not therofore sppont probabla thay Clioago is about to loso her grain fraqy ‘'right away,” whatevor influencos may by brought to benr to effect a rosult so muek desired by other citfes which have boen foolishly called onr rivals. AL tho pamg timo it will bo woil for our mereantilo fnter. osta to scan tho situation closoly, and seq if they are not partinlly to blame, If oqe system of inepection tonds to drive graiy to other places, or if the rules of tho Bonrg vate trusts aro violated with im- | of Tradefor tho provention of cornars are punity ; when it occesions no sur- | regponsiblo for the keeping of prices down priso to loarn that tho guardians of [ 404 point whore they aro relatively unnttract. oatatos, savings, and business deposits prove folthless, and procipitate wrock and ruin all obout them; when widows and or- phans ond the poor are morcilessly plundered and loft without repars. tion; when the faithless ocscape without punishment, to livo in forolgn Jands upon thoir plunder, and their victims are left be. hind to suffer, tho example of tho Dexter DBank Cashier, who snaerificed hin lifo rather thon any ono should suffer simply through his natural desire to live, I8 6ll the moro conspleuous. Beexcer wrocked his bank thongh having a suflioloncy to live upon, stole the monoy confided to him by hard. working mon and women, sproad individual disnster all about him, eseaped to n foroign land, srd now lives uponcthe fruits of orime. ‘The Maine village Cashior sloeps in a country graveyard when ho might have Leon living without dishonor, Even had ho ylolded to overpowering force and saved his life, no taint of dishonesty would have at- tached to him. The future will take care of tho reputations of each, nud the gront Reck. oning Day will allot to the ono its compen tion, to the other its condemnation. ive to tho soller, it is woll that the faot by known anda reform be institated cro it iy too Iate, ABOLISHING BREACH OF PROMISE A bill hias boon introduced In the BDritish Parliament to abolish nolion for breach of, promise of marringe, The Times nnd other newspopers highly approve tho bill, any there is renson to boliove it will become s Inw. Our own jurisprudonco fs dorived from, that of England. OChanges made there, it thoy nre good, aro likely to bo adopted hore. It bohooves us, thoroforo, to inquire what tho rational basis of breach-of-promisa suits is, if thoy have any; nnd what will bs the effects of withdrawing this time-honored romedy of decoived and injured lovers, The origin of breach of promise {s mup. posed to bo due to an exaggorated notion of the sanctity of tho marringo relation, which “oxtonded tho vision indofinitely backward,” ns Mr, Trapars gays, until it included not merely the vow, but the promiso to make the vow. It was found also that in some {n. stances persons did suffer injury in their mae terial condition 1n consequence of failures to fulill such promises. ‘Womon walted yoars to marry mon who aftorwards foll into thotoilsot other womon, Mon grew old and gray in dovotion to womon who at last took up oth. er suitors. Now 1t isasimplo proposition in the sclence of love.making that youth bears n gomowhat strict rlation to attrnetive. noss. Aftor o ceriain oge, overy yenr that goos over a woman's head and sees hier un. married diminishes her matrimonial chances, Dolay makos hier out of pocket by increasing tho oxpenses of hier support. The samo cffect follows in the case of the man, {rom tho ne. cossity that is imposed upon him of keeping up his extraordinary expenditures for flow. erg, candy, and opora-tickets boyond a rea- sonable time. This ia tho mero pecunlary damngo that is felt on ofther side. Who shall catimate tho injury to the affeotions? Dis. appointed oxpectations of a comfortoble home; of dowries, jointures, and pin.money; of the envy and admiration of tho world,— theso all entor into the account, Buits for broach of promiso of marringe nre institated to ropair these damages, snd to compound for a monoy considerntion the losses of every kind aud respect—including solf-rospoct— that may have beon inflicted by a fruitless courtship, Tha offeot of abolishing brench-of-promiss suits will be first to doprivereadors of nowspa- pers of the most interesting and amusing lit. eraturo that 1s now periodically spread bofora thom, Thoro may be wars and rumorsof war, and tho cirenlation may not bo sonsibly affected thereby ; but a good breach-of-prom. iso suit, with plenty of amatory correspond. ence, never falls to bring up tho dividends, Another effect will bo the destructionofa flonrishing branch of employmont at present maintalned by advonturors and blackmallers. ‘When it censes to bo o logal offonse, to prom. is0 to marry and not to fulill the promise, there will not be so froquent misunder standings on this subject s nrise now. It will not bo considerod in certaln classes of socloty a clevor siroko of pollcy to gain such o promise by stratagom or a spocies of moral duross, and tho porsons who suffer will not stand in need of much sympathy. Another offect of the changs will be to communieato a ‘higher sengo of indepondenco to the gilded youth who have horotoforo boen prevented by their unfortunate wealth from entering into rash epgagements, Thoy mnay then form os many such eongegements as they please, and by exporimont discover, as they could in no ollsr way, whick iz the girl of thelr hoarts. ‘The only persons nowadsys witw over In* stitute suits for breach of promise of mar+ riago are women, and generally thoso women ‘whose sonsibilities are too dull to be injured. The remedy haa been refected for gonora. tions by all right-fecling people. It cannot too soon bo romoved from tho reach of the morconary and tho mallofons, Dreach of promiso s often ahigh and solemn duty. The chiango of afllection on efther sideisa sufllclent roason for mot marrying. Buch & change may ehow a bad or a wenk char acter on one side or tho other, but this isonly an imperative roason, not perceived bofore, for proceeding no turther in the busl ness, Theromay be a hundred other res- sona why a marriago that once seomed desirs blo shonld afterwards be avoided, Loss of fortune, or of health, or of character, not only may, but gonerally ought to, bresk sn engagement, What is true of any of thesa cases is true of any case that can be cone ocelvod wheon one party to an engagement for sny reason desires to terminate it. Bince the theory is so, and the practice also among decent people, why should an exception be made in favor of those who have neither good foelings nor good wonse to guide them ! The law ought in no case to boused s & means of promoting unhsppy marrisgesi and it can liave only this effect, so far 84 it bas any, in retaining the aotion for bresch of promise, DIVERSIOR OF THE GBAIN TRADE. We published Inst Friday an article from tho Ohicago Railieay Reviewn, in which the groat question of tho inland transportation of produco towards tho consumer {8 discusy. ed with especinl reference to the contest now in progross botween this city and com. poting points, for tho control of the trado in brondstuffs. No ono disputes the rapidly. growing importancoe of Chicago as a mart for hogs and hog products, sceing that during the past fonr months holf n million more hogs havo beon cut at this point than the aggregato of Cincinnati, 8t. Louis, Indianap. olis, Louiavillo, and Milwaukeo; and this in spite of tho faot that Ohlcago capital is Iargely enlistod at the east ondof the blg bridge. But tho writor of tho article rofer- rod to claims that Chicago {s rapldly losing her long-time supremacy in the grain trado, It is somo years now since Milwaukoo as- sumed to lead us in wheat, by virtuo of her position with regard to tha broad acres of Minnosota, It seoms that our Northern neighbors, equally with oursolves, are now snffering from the iniquitics of cut rates, ‘which are carrying around ua the wheat and flour of the Uppor DMisalssippi rogion ; whilo the corn trado of Chicogo has been indopendently tapped by o atill moro dangorous rival, 8t Louls has boen slooping for a contury or more ovor the dream of *‘a groat natural highwoy to Europe,” and has suddenly wakonod up to a consciousnoss of tho faot that sho haa two strings to her bow. The Baps fotties arosomuch of nsuccess that two or threo stonmers por day can now clear from Now Orleans, lIaden with corn below and cotton above; nnd Bt. Louls is now success- fully striving to gatber and forward down tho Mississippl the graln which these vessols aro propared to cwrry to Europe. Bho is now drawing from Kansns and Southern Iowa large quantitice of corn, tho growers of which used to sond thelr grafn hero; while out ratcs ounblo Bl. Louls and Southern Illi- nois to ship by rail to the acaboard at lower mtes than it can bo forwarded via Chicago during the winter, While tho freight agents hore aro virtuously indignant at the receipt of offors to pay loss than 20 conts por hun- drod pounds from thia city to Now York, tholr brethron accept 15 conts without n singlo qualm of copsclence to carry it the groater distanco from 8t. Louis to tho same point. The Railluay Review stotes some of these focts; and then, whils onr morchants aoro falrly boiling over with indignation at tho wrong, it coolly bids thom to awako from tholr lothargy. Tho fact that they are wide awako {s sufficlently proven by the fact that the Review has obtained ita facts from Chicage men, who aro availing themsolves of theso cut-ratos to flll ordors which aro sent here by partios who kuow by experience that Ohicago commission merchanta will select the cheapost route, whichever it may be. Tho foct ia that tho grain merchants of this city have protestod against these rail discriminations only to find that the effort {a of no use, Partlally cramped by logislative cnactments, which will not permit thom to carry frelght from compoting polnts at less ratos than are charged from poluts where thero is no competition, the railroads of this State are carrylug out the theory which ob. tainsso extensively in tho rural districts, that the city must bo dlscrimlnated ngolnst for the good of the country. Andthe evills incrensed by the facilities afforded at many country etations for underbilling weights, when no check lsimposed such as ia met with whon the grain is passed through the scales of our clovators. Cases are not uncom- mon in which 22,000, and oven as much as 24,000, pounds of grain are charged for asa car-load of ton tons, giving an additional ro- duotion of 10 ta 20 per cent in the actual cost of transportation per bushel. At pres- ent therv is less prospect of succoss 1n pro- testing sgainst this than against mere nom. jnsl discriminations in freight ratcs, as with. out the assistance of the railroad officlals it is noxt to impossible to prove that the fraud Lins been committed, 1t is not necessary, however, that the ount- come of present condltions will be the Joss of our grain trade, a8 many scem o think, and as might sppear probable from a cursory roview of the situation of to-dsy, The paat winter has boon an exceptional one. Open weather has made it poasiblo to carry freight by rail much more cheaply than usual, while there has been an estraordinary stimulus to sond the property forward, The yield of wheat is generally conceded to be the largest over kuown in the Northwest, and an abun- dant corn-crop is 8o extensively affected by damp as to make the holders afraid to carry it through into the warm season. We are not justified in expecting such another win. ter for many years to come, and it is there- fore scarcely fair to ssswns that Chicago cannot rvecover st least s portion of the grain trade which it s claimed has now deserted her. Wo . retain our position at*the head of Lake Michi- gan, the point from which has largely radiated the energy and entcrprise without which these cut-off lines of road would nover m—— THE PENSION ORAB, From now on it may be expected that that portion of Congress which is intorosted in logislation * with money In it " will crowd 10 the front, assisted by all the tremendous forco of tho various lobbles. The first + grab ¥ likely to receive favorable attention is known as a bill to penslon * Veterans,"— a title which includes all thoss who served in the Mexican war, as men or boys, from a fo¥ days onwards, andall others who went isto the oarly frontior frolics known ge Indisn wars, certaln of which are epumerated in 1b¢ bill, ‘The scheme involves nothing more no¢ loss than & monstrous subaldy, impomng vp+ on the Government an extra expenditure about $7,000,000 annually, which finds B9 justification in national honor or publie poli- oy, It is estimated that 75,000 persook largely composad of able-bodied and well-to- do men of middle sge, will thusbe ensbled to draw €8 a month, or $96a yoar, out of the Public Treasury at a time when the Government raveuues are running behind the Government expenditurcs ot the rato of several millions a year. Wo printed yesterdsy an order from the Bocre! of ‘the Interior discharging asd granting indefinita leave of sbsonce withoud pay to alarge pszt of tho clerical force ia