Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 17, 1878, Page 4

N4 THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY. .FE BRUARY 17, 187—SIXTEEN PAc.o e shocked and outraged by such The Tribyne, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. BY MAYL—IX ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID. pally Edition, onc year.. 512, of a year, per month.. Edsy ‘Edition:© Li y, one year. Parisof avear. per me WEEELY EDITION, POSTPAID. Qne copr, per e G oF ot Epecimen coples eent free. Give Post-Ofice address in fall including Stateand County. : Remittances may be made elther by draft, cxpress, Post-Ofce order, or in registered letters, at our risk. TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Tally, delivered, Sunday excepted, 25 cents per week. Daty, delivered, Sundsy fncluded, 30 conts ner Week. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearborn-sta... Chicazo. ML . Orders for the delivery of TiE TRINUNE 8t Evanston, Englewood, and liyde Park left in the Couuting-room ‘willrecefve prompt attention. Tz Cn1caGo TRIRTNE has cstablished branch offices for the recelptof subscriptionssnd advertiscments as foliows: NEW YORE—Room 29 Zribune Bullding. F. T. Mc- Fapprs, Manoger. PARIS, France—No. 16 Rue de 1a Grange-Batellere. H. Maurer, Agent. LONDON. Eng.—American Exchange, 449 Strand. Hexey F. GILLI4, Agent. SAN FRANCL C: -Palace Iotel. SOCIETY MEETINGS. OORINTEIAX CHAPTER, XO. 63, R. A. M.— pectal Convocation Monday ‘evening Feb. 18, at 7:30 oclock, Work ontheft. &, Uegree. Sompanions of elste: ters cstedto mees e e g . BTN AD, 1 B WM. B. WARREN LODGE, No. 209, A. F. & A, M.—Teguisr Communication at Hall, 74 and 7G Mon- Toe-st., on Saturday cvening next. Feb, 23. at half-past A N oresied. B orocaof the W oL, = attendance . By orde: . M. J. R {)UALOP‘ Secretary. APOLLO COMMANDERT, NO. 1, ENIGHTS TEM- PLAR.—Speclal Con 1 Abylum, 721078 Monroc- #t., Tuesday cven ext, Feb. 19, at half-past 7 o' 'k Jrimp., Stated Conclave same cveniaz at 50 ‘o Order of the Temple will be conferred. alwayswelcome. By order of the Commander. 3. 1t. DUNLOP, Recorder. VAN RENESELAER GRAND LODGE OF PERFEC- ‘TION will conter the 4th and stb Deerseson T} v vening next. er of Anos Pettibone, {3k O D GOODALE, Gr- e G STATED CONCLAYE OF CHICAGO COMMAND- ery, No. 19, K. T.. Monday cvening. Feb. 18, 1878, at Asylum, corner_ilalsted and Itandolph-sts. 'A ftli attendance of the Sir Knights requested. Visittnz Sir Knights courtcously invited. By orderof the’Ex ‘Commande JAS. E. m. As. E. MEGINN. Rec. er. BLAIR LODGE, NO. 3%, A.F. A, Communication Monday evening, 16t I m. Work on the Third Degreé. Visth cordially {nvited. By order of D, H. Dickineon, AL C. W. O'DONNELL, Secretary. SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1878. CHICAGO MARKET SUMMARY. The Chicago produce markets were moderately active Saturday, and generally weak. Mess pork rlosed 25¢ per brl lower, at $10.40@10.42% for Marchand £10.57% for April. Lard closcd 7%c¢ per 100 s lower, at $7.35 for March and $7.45 for April. Meats were unchanged, 2t $3.62% per 100 1bs for boxed shoulders znd $5.45 fordo short ribs. ‘Whisky was steady, at SL.0¢ per gallon. Flonr - was in active demand. Wheat closed 21{c lower, 2t §1.08% for February and $1.09% for March. Torn closed ¥@1%c lower, at 4134c for Febroary and 43%4c for May. Oats closed ¥ lower, at 24%c¢ xpot and 27%c for May. Rye was firmer, at 53% @54c. Barley closed c higher, at 48c spotand “é814c for March. Hogs were firmer, at $3.80@4.10. “Cattle were dull and weak, at $2.50@5. 25. Sheep were firm, st $3.00@5.00. Since N Chicago ins packed 2,249, 773 hogs, against 1,499,750 in the eame time one vear previously. The packing of the West to date is estimated at 3,760, 000 head, 9.2 percent of which bas been foncin this city. Teeceived in Chicago last week, 70.233 brls flour, 603,746 bu wheat, 350,834 bu corn. 160,332 bu nats, 11,800 bn rye, 100,746 bu barley, 0,791 dressed hogs, 148,142 live hogs. and 24, 578 cattle. -Exported from New York last week, 35,505 brls flour, 786,470 bu wheat, 217,242 bu corn. In- spected into store in this city Saturday morning: 101 cars wheat, 158 cars corn, 43 cars oats, 6 cars r¥e, 19 cars barley. Total, 327 cars, or 156,000 bu. One hundred dollars in gold would buy $102.1215 in greenbacks at the close. British consols were quoted at 95 5-16 and steriing ex- change at $4.89. In New York on Saturday greenbacks were | steady at 973@98. Senator Laxan, of Mississippi, claims to have a conscience, but nobody else has eter accused him of having one. His state is rather that of unconscienceness. The three Senators whose votes on the Silver bill had been considered doubtful were Wixpoy, of Minnesots, Pappocx, of Nebraska, snd Kerroce, of Louisiana, and they voted with an aye single and full of glory. The Lorp family jar has at length been settled satisfactorily to the suspicious heirs, who are to have the whole of the old man’s property when ho dies. The compromise does not include the repayment of themoney borrowed by the former Mrs. Hicrs. In o communication published in this wmorning’s TRIBUNE 8 leading member of the Chicago Bur prosentsan elaborate opinion upon the city’s financial condition, and car- ries out to its logical, and not exaetly cheer- ing, conclusion the recent decision of the Supreme Court. Asa proo; that members of the Minnesota State Legislature were being bribed, Repre. sentative BraspT yesterday produced a £30 bank-note, which hod been paid him by zealous lobbyists in the interests of Eastern text-book publishers. The charge, coming in such a substantial shape, was unanswer.- able. v — Some_statistics have been published by the St. Paul Chamber of Commerce, show- ing thst tho wheat crop of Minnesota for the year 1877 was sbout 40,000,000 bushels. If this figuring be correct, it will place Min- nesota at the head of the wheat-producing States, Illinois coming next with 35,000,000 Dushels. The blockade of the Russian ports on the Black Sea having been raised, and the Sulina month of the Danube having been evacuated by order of the Porte, the Turkish fleet has arrived in the Bosphorus. Whether it will be turned over to the Russian Commander or to the British Admiral are the eventuali- ties that the next few da may decide. The British Cabinet orders the fleet up to Constantinople, and - then telegraphs to Gom:scxuon- that any movement of the Russian troops to Gallipoli, or of a nature to threnten the communications of the fleet, would be regarded in England as a hostile act, for the consequences of which the Cabi- net will not be responsible. There is a cool- 1ess about this that is positively icebergian. —— Senator Buren, of South Caroling, the bero of the, Hamburg massacre, could not bring his conscience and his honor to the level of voting for the issue of silver dollars, He thought that ‘‘cheap”,dollars wero a “swindle” and a * cheat,” but the murder of unarmed, helpless human beings was a mere harmless pastime,—one of the amuse- aments of the people he has the honor to reprosent. A patch of blue has appeared in the stormy skies of Europe, although it may be but a transient relief. The British fleet has ‘been ordered twenty miles further back from Constantinople, and Russia is s3id to have agreed to a congress of the Powers at Baden- Baden. Do we recognize—or is it but a dream~—the handiwork of the wily German Mephistopheles in this new attitude of af- fairs? THE SILVER BILL PASSED. After a session extending from noon on Fridsy to 5 o'clock on Saturday morning, the Silver bill was'passed by the Senate, the vote standing—yens, 48; nays, 21; and 7 absent. Of these absent 4 were in favor of the bill and 3 against it, making the whole vote,—yeas, 52; nays, 24,—being 4 votesmore than the two-thirds necessary to pass the bill over a veto. The bill, as it passed the Senate, substi- tutes for free coinage an appropriation of five millions of dollars to purchaso silver bullion at the market price, and its coinage Dby the Goverument to an amount not less than two nor more than four millions of dollars a month, the coin to be used to pur- chase other silver, and thus continuously. If the Secretary of the Troasury shall hon- estly execute the law, and the officers of the Mint can be induced to perform their duties, and not seek to defeat the Inw, this coinage may be extended to the full limit of the act. The substitution of limited for free coinage was made in obedience to the strange delusion that there will be a profit in the coinage, which should be seoured to the Government. The other provisions of thebill, as it pass- ed the Senate, nuthorizes the opening of ne- gotiations with foreign countries as to the es- tsblishment of an international standard of the relative vnlues of silver and gold. It makes silver alegal-tender except when it is otherwise stipulated in the contract, and di- rects the issue of certificates for silver coin deposited in the Treasury. The only point of material difference is that pertaining to limited instead of freo coinage. The passage of this bill over the combined opposition of the money interests of the country, backed by the influence of the Secretary of the Treasury and the officers of the Mint, is a triumph for the people that goes far to vindicate the justice of popular government and the silent power of public opinion. The great fraud of 1873-'74 stands condemned by the whole country. The dis- honest act of demonetization is properly and appropriately branded by the overwhelming votes of both Houses of Congress. It was not in any sense a party question. Doth parties came to the defense of the country, and united in the rescue of the nation from the grasp of the Shylocks. All honor to the men of the West, the South, the Mliddle and the Pacific States, who have forgotten all sectionalism and made common cause for tho robbed, outraged, and betrayed people. Of the twenty-four votes in the Senate sgainst the remonetization of silver, twelve were contributed by New England, four by New York and New Jersey, and one each by Delaware, Maryland, South Carolina, Geor- gin, Mississippi, California, Oregon, and Michigan. Senator CHmisTIANCT, of Michi- gan, alone of therepresentatives of the Great “West voted to perpetuate the chains forged in Wall street. Fifteen millions of the peo- ple of the Northwest unanimously repudiate that vote. Mr. Brary, with dramatic inconsistenoy, fer declaring that the demonetization of silver was clearly unconstitutional, deliber- ately voted aguinst the bill remonetizing sil- ver. Mr. CoNELING, more Wise, gave a silent vote. Three Senators from the South— Hiuu of Georgia, ParrensoN of South Caro- lina, and LaMar of Mississippi—took the re- sponsibility of putting their constituents at defiance, and voted to make money scarce and dear and to depreciate still lower the value of labor, and land, and all other prop- erty in the already sadly impoverished Southern States. Their betrayal of the in- tercsts of their own people, and of the inter- ests of the whole country, failcd t5 be effect- nal. They could not defeat the bill, and we question whether their labors, being impo- tent, will command much respect evea in Wall street. There were twenty-two States that voted unanimously solid for the bill: Virginia, Ohio, North Carclina, Pennsylvania, Ala- Dama, Iowa, Florida, Colorado, Kentucky, Indiana, Tenrcessee, Ainnesota, Arkansas, Nebraska, Louisiana, Wisconsin, Texas, Iili- nois, West Virginia, Kansas, Missouri, and Novadn; nud eight States that gave half their votes for the bill: Delaware, Maryland, South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Michi- gan, California, and Oregon,—making a total of 52 votes out of 76. ‘We congratulate the country upon the re- sult, national, political, and moral. We congratulate Congress upon its trinmphant victory over all the pecaliar influences that Iave so long controlled legislation. We con- gratulate the Senators and Representatives who have so long, and bravely, and ably defied the storm of abuse and vilification showered upon them, We congratulate the Secratary of the Treasury that the American people and the country have relieved him of all further responsibility by substitut- ing the npational for his personal will in the matter of national finances ; and we congratulate the President that the people have left nothing open to doubt or uncertainty, but have passed this bill by such a vote that nothing is left to him but to give his assent to legislation nlready de- creed by Congress and the country at large. As well consider the expediency of vetoing the whirlwind as to attempt in this case to arrest or delay the execution of the national will on this messure of national and universal interest. Tae Cmicaco TRIBGNE congratu- lates its readers that the protracted dis- cussions of this subject have been brought to a successful issue; and, though there have been many hard and bitter things said, Toe TRIBUNE, in view of the great popular victory, extends a hearty forgiveness even to the hardest-hearted Shylocks, satis- fied that in due time even they will find it to the general benefit that silver has been re- stored to the money of the country. President Hayes has done well in appoint- ing Mr. Bavanp Tavror Minister to Ber- lin. There are few men in the country as well qualified as Mr. Taxyzor to fill this re- sponsible office. He hos been identified as prominently as any living American with the study of German literature, and has done more than any other person to extend its in- fluence in this country. After along resi- dence in Germany, during which he became conversant with the language, castoms, and history of the German people, he undertook, merely as a laborof love; a translation of that masterpiece of German poetry— Gorrmr’s “‘ Faust.” This work occupied him more than twenty years, from the time of its inception till its publication ; and the crities have since pronounced it worthy of the labors he bestowed upon it. His success was the more remarkable in view of the dificulties which he deliberately set him- self to overcome, not only aiming to preserve the original metre, but fettering himself with rhyme. The translation of # Faust,” ‘moreover, though itis the most important of Mr. Tavior’s works, does nob represent in the aggregate the whole or the greater part of his intellectual activity. He has been a great traveler, and has both seen and written much wherever he he has becn. His journalistic labors also, in conneation with the New York Zridune, have absorbed much of his time and energy. He is on this account even better qualified as a man of the world and a cosmopolitsn charicter thau as & literary man to discharge faithfully the duties of Minister. His social relations with the Court will be more than usually agreeable in view of the fact that be is married to 8 Ger- man wife, and is already endearedto the Ger- man people by his services to the memory of the illustrious GOETHE. The appointment of Mr. TAYLOR is strictly in the line of Civil-Servico Reform. It is particularly creditable to the Administration, because it has been made in the face of hos- tile and spiteful criticism, for all or part of which Mr. Tayror might justly be held re- sponsible. The New York Z'ribunc, with which he is, if we mistake not, actively con- nected, has of late lost no opportunity to embmrrass the President, questioning both his sincerity and his capacity in the execu- tion of this very policy of Civil-Service Re- form which he has now so amply vindicated. It may be true that Civil-Service Reform makes no account of persons, so far as the theory on which it is based is concerned; Dut it is equally true that in practice no Ad- ministration is expected to rewnrd its enemies, or bless those that despitefully use it and persecute it. The appointment is none the lessa good onme both for DIr. TATLoR and for the Administration. It may serve to give him s higher place in history than he would otherwise have occupied, and at the same time to convince honest reformers that the present Administration, whatever errors it may have committed in the past, is not disposed. to persist in wrong-doing. Its errors may, indeed, be ascribed to a want of experience and due information rather than to any want of good intention. THE CITY FINANCES. Ever smnce the publication of the Supreme Court's decision, which will practically pre- vent the City Government from borrowing money in anticipation of the tax-collection, every person who has taken an interest in the matter has been searching for some “ gpecific " which shall onable the city to continue as before, spend as much money as ever, and pay its officers and employes as regularly ns ever. The search has been for some * plan” whereby the blockade can be raised. Now this search may as well be given up. ‘“Specifics” have been pretty much abandoned in the science of medicine, and they are certainly undiscovered elements in the science of finance. The sooner we give up the effort to whip the devil around tho post, and face the stern necessities of the case, the better it will be for all con- cerned. We have been warned for years by finnncial embarrassments and court decisions that the City of Chicago must conform to the rule of paying as it goes. For years, various specious devices have been contrived to evade and postpone the inevitable, and most of the persons engaged in running the city affairs are still endeavor- ing to invent some new process to this end. 1If any so-called ““ specific ” should be found which would carry through another year the attenuated and emaciated patient, the result will be that the patient will be even sicker at the beginving of next year than he is now, and probably dissolution will be in- evitable. The single remedy is to accumu- late a fund with which to begin payment (out of an unexpended balance) of the cur- "rent expenses of maintaining the City Gov- ernment. Thero is but one of two ways whereby this can be accomplished, viz.: Either by incressing the tax-levy or by re- ducing the expenmses. Tho taxpayers are neither disposed nor able to sustain the former; the Council and officials seem de- termined not to yield the latter. Butin such a conflict as this the tax-eaters must give way. 1t is very evident from the conclusion ar- rived at by the majority of the Finance Comnmittee, consisting of Messrs. PEArsoxs, RoSENBERG, Trroop, and SEAToN, that these gentlemen cither fail utterly to estimate the gravity of the situation or have permitted themselves to be governed solely by the pressure of the tax-eaters. Practically, they have suggested no reduction on the Comp- troller’s estimates, which were made up be- fore the Supreme Court decision was an- nounced. Hence they have not been in- fluenced by the greater urgency for a curtail- ment of expenses which the late decision has crented. The appropristions which this Committee will recommend to the Council approximate $4,000,000, which was about the nggregate of the Comptroller's estimates the difference between the two consists mainly in s reduction of the Court-House and Contingent Funds, and o distribution of these reductions among the other items in the shape of a 15 per cent margin to cover shrinkage by tbe non-payment of taxes. This 15 per cent would be in the aggre- gate about §600,000, but it is estimated that the natural growth of expenditures be- yond the estimates, and the failure to collect a part of the taxes, will exhaust this amonnt. According to the programme of the Finance Comnmittee, it is proposed to go on oxpend- ing about the same amonnt of money this year as last year, without any preparation whatever for accumulating a fund with which to begin the system of cash payments. The programme of the Finance Committee is simply suicidal. If carried out by the Council it will be fiying in tho faco of bank- ruptcy and courting all the evils incident thereto. It is a policy which will inevitably lend up to the threatened necessity for shut- ting up shop and sbandoning the City Gov- ernment. It is undoubtedly contem- plated that the city can pny off the employes and contractors in war- rants on the tax-collection, which shall be issued in small amounts and which, being receivable for taxes, will not be sub- jected to exorbitant discounts. But, admit- ting that this will work after a fashion, then we must begin the next year in the same way, and then the year after, and each year the situation will grow worse and worse. In the meantime the city will be obliged to defsult in the psyment of interest on the bonded indebtedness, which cannot be dis- charged with these tax-warrants; the credit of the city, slrendy bad enough, will con- stantly depreciate; and the shaving of the tax-warrants will increase to an extent to make the system intolerable, It ought not to be necessary to repeat thesa things to men of ordinary business capacity, which the gentlemen of the Fi- nance Committee are certainly supposed to possess. Not one of them would deliber- ately undertate to run his private busi- ness on the same xecklo 8 system city. It isfolly, under for the they proposs for the exponses these circumstances, tosay that con' 7ot 55 7eduded. They must be reduced. In some cases the Finance Committee have even raised the estimates of the Comptroller. For instance, he put the Pablic Works De- partment at $300,000, and the Financo Com- mittee have raised it to $675,000. The Comptroller put the legal expenses at $10,- 000, which is double those of last year, and the Finance Committee have detunlly in- crensed the item to $12,000, notwithstanding $21,000 aro paid in salaries snd $115,000 appropriated for judgments. So, in the Po- lice Department, the appropriation is in- crensed to §365,805, though the Comptroller recommended only §500,000. ~ All this is the most reckless and outrsgeous trifling with the taxpnyers, and the surprise is that these Aldermen should have the temerity to make such propositions under the present con- dition of things. The fact is, that, if the general tnx-lovy be $4,000,000, then the actual current ex- penses of the year should not exceed $2,000,- 000, leaving 2,000,030 for Accumulation as unexpending balances from which to begin the system of cash payments next year. This economy for two years would bring the city out of its troubles and enable an. ubau- donment for all time of the ** shaving” policy which has proved so damaging to all concerned. If, in the meantime, the city shall be able to get a good title to the Lake- TFront and Dearborn Park, it may be possible to dispose of suflicient property to limit the extreme measures of economy to one year. But there is only this thing to do for this year,—expend but one-half of the entire ap- propriation. The other half should be set nside under the name of *‘ Contingent Fund " or some other proper designation, with the understanding and agreement that it shall serve s an unexpended balance for next year. Of course such an agreement can only be carried out in good faith by the present Al- dermen and those to be clected as their suc- cessors. But tho taxpayers are forced to intrust their intcrests to the honesty of their agents, just as the stockholders in any other corporation depend upon their officers and Directors. Thers is no help for this, and the solution of the diffienlty in the end must turn upon the election.of honest and competent men. Even this single avenue of escape from the most embarrassing situation that lias ever confronted a city can and will be defeated by the present Council, nunless 1t shall adopt the strict rule to spend this year, ouly one-half of the entire appropriation, leaving the citizens themselves to make np inprivate co-operation any lack of street- lamps or police duty that may result from the necessary retrenchment. Mrs. Prraax, wife of the Cincinnati ste- nographer, died a few days since after o pro- tracted illness, and it was then discovered that she had left specific instructions for the burning of her body. Belonging to a fam- ily of ““advanced thinkers,” and being ac- customed to discuss familiarly the various doctrines of materialism, there was to her mind nothing abhorrent in the idea of re- ducing her own bones and tissues to their constituent elements. Mr. Prryax sympa- thized most heartily with her opinions. It was, he believed, as capable as any mathe- matical proposition of demonstration that the human body was formed by a chemical union of a number of primary elements. As they were only held together by a mys- terious and inexplicable vital principle, and were the means of expression that that prin- ciple had adopted, they became useless as soon as it had departed. Being drawn from tha earth and the air, they must return there sooner or later ; and better sooner than later since it must bo so. These were the argn- ments with which Mr. and Mrs, Prraas fortified themselves when they contemplated cremation for each other after death. The same or similar argnments have been enter- tained widely by a large number of civilized and Christian people—more widely, perhaps, than anybody is now aware of. The reason that they have not been more generally put into practice is found in the experience of Mr. Proyax, which is on this account valuable to all parties interested in the subject. In a conversation with a reporter, while his wife was still unburied and uncremated, he con- fessed that, while cremation had appeared to him in anticipation compnratively n sim- ple duty, he found it in fact most difficult to carry out. He would bave sban- doned the scheme at the last moment if he had not the positive injunction of his wife to give him countenance and support. The cause of his distress was, first, that he shrank from the publicity which his éonduct involved, aud, secondly, he had an affection, materinlist though he was, for the earthly remains with which he had been accustomed to associnte the spirit of his decensed wife. Mrs. Piryax’s body was embalmed and placed in the best chamber of the house, amid flowers. No trappings of woe wers visible, even the customary crape being omitted from the door. Visitors were wel- comed, and Mr, Prryay was present to en- tertnin them with conversation suitable to the interesting occnsion. This part of the ceremony had not proceeded far when he was overtaken by doubts as to the good taste of the reporters who flocked in to interview him. The reporters had not entered into his calculations, but they proved afterwards to be the most important personages at the funeral, or the incineration, or whatever it may be called. The reporters had not the scruples about good taste that disturbed Mr. Prryay. One of them followed the body to the furnace, and, in the disguise of an assist- ont, observed the process of burning from the beginning to the end. All that he saw he reported the next day in his newspaper, not forgetting to boast of the fraud by which he had obtained admission to the room. ¢ The intention was,” says this interesting writer, ¢ to exclude ull representatives of the press, since the subject was an estimable lady in private life, both s wife and a mother.” Nome of which considerations availed to exclude the interesting writer in question. Next to the vulgar publicity of the affair, the circumstance which caused most grief to Mr. Prraax was the knowledge that the body of one he loved, which was all that remained to him, was suddenly and for- ever destroyed. Logic and reason might teach him that the body was only so much matter, and had been changed only in form, not in substance ; but logic and reason could not make him forget that that matter had tender sssociations for him. Tho grave, it must be confessed, receives the dead more kindly at first and keeps them longer in the semblance of the living than the furnace doeg or can. This Cincinnati osse enforces the pres- ent great objection to cremation, name- ly: the publicity which it involves. So long as the practice is unusual, it cannot be free from a certain degree of supervision by the newspapers of the country. Common decency and ordinary human feeling are e £ icked SF b~ Y gports as ings that have thus far taken placo at Dr. Le Moxse's - furnaco; bub they will continuo to be furnished until the public loses interest in them. The motives to preserve the present form of burisl are thus doubly strong,—first, because from habitual sssocintion it has come to be con- sidered less repulsive in itself, and, second- 1y, because it excites no comment, but com- pels tho respect and sympathy of the world. The tendency of custom to form itself into a cake and preserve itself receives, in this instance, an apt illustration; for the reason which makes burial the common form of disposing of the dead operates to discredit cremation. The simple fact that burialis the common form is, other things being equal, a good resson why it should remain s0. At any rate, the form must be changed, if at all, at the expense of considerable per- sonal sacrifice; and whether there are re- formers enough in the world to accomplish it for many years to come is a doubtful proposition. THE ATTITUDE OF AUSTRIA. In order to understand the interests of Austrin in the present European complica- tions, the nature and present disposition of the various races which make up her popala- tion, her peculiarlocation with reference tothe Danubian Principalities, and the importance of the Danube toher asa commercial highway, should be considered. Since 1868, Austrin has consisted of two divisions, separated by the River Leitha, of which the Kingdom of Hungary and all east and south is known as the Transleithian half of the Empire, while all west and north of Hungury is called the Cisleithian half. Its population is principally composed of Germans, Slavs, and Magyars. Of these, the Slavs consti- tute about 43 per cent of the whole, and are the most numerous. ¥They form the bulk of the population of a central zone run- ning from the Russian boundary on the north and northeast, including Gallicin, to the soathwest, including Dalmatia on the Adriatic. 'The Slavic race zlso constitutes the principal portion of the population of Russia, as well as of that of Roumaais, Bul- garia, Servin, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Montenegro. For many years a Panslavie movement has been in progress, especially among the Slavic population of Austra, to unite the Slavs in one nationality, similar to that of the Germans. TFear wns enter- tainad by those of Austria that they would be absorbed by the German or the Hungarian races ; and with this view, especially since the establishment of the Cisleithian or Ger- man, and the Transleithian or Hungarian, divisions of the Empire, revolution and every species of disorder and intrigue which conld disturb the existing order of things have been resorted to by them. The leading idea among them has been to unite the entire -Slavic race under the government of the Russian Emperor, and to this end the move- ment has been principally fomented by Rus- sin. The efforts of tha Slav population of TRourasnia, Servis, and Bosnia have hereto- fore been kept in check by the Turkish Gov- ernment, which it was the policy of Austria to uphold by every menns in its power. Being entirely or in part subject to Turkish con- trol, little fear was entertained by Austria of their being seriously able to patficipate in this movement. By the practical control which Russia gains of these principalities as a result of the war, it will be seen that the Transleithian or Hungari- an portion of the Austrisn Empire is entirely surrounded and isolated by Slavic people, many of whom she absolutely con- trols, while the remainder have not only given her their entire sympathies, but are earnestly anxious to place themselves under her government. With the continuous dis- position Russia has always shown to extend her territory, the present status may very well be a cnuse for fear by the Austrian Government. By retaining that portion of Bessarabia which she was forced to give up in 1856 on the close of the Crimean war, Russin ob- tains control of the mouths of the Danube. Of these there are three, the Kilia, the Sulina, and the St. George, which are mavigable, but of which the Sulina is the omost practicable and most frequently used. Austria has. only two menns of external egress by water,— the one throngh her port of Trieste on the Adriatic, which is and can only be connected with the interior of the Empire by one rail- road, and the other tbrough the Danube. The latter is by far the most important, and Austrin has expended enormous sums, not only for the removal of obstructions from and the improvement of its chanzel, but for the deepening of the Sulina mouth. Prac- tically spenking, thé Daonbe and its branehes, the majority of which are naviga- ble, constitute the arterial system of Austrin’s commerce. Situated as she is in the centre of Europe, with numerous and impracticable mountain ranges surronnding and subdivid- ing her territory, no railroad system can well be devised which could take its place. Indeed, so necessary is the river to Austria, as well as to the commer- cial interests of the other countries Iying on its banks, that to insure the rights of all, and to prevent complications growing out of its common use, its entire freedom from all tolls was expressly stipulated for, and an International Committee for the reg- ulation of its mouths was appointed by the Treaty of Paris in 18356. The Danube is to Austria what the Mississippi and its tribu- taries are to the United States, and the con- trol of its mouths by the Russians is viewed by Austria with far more dislike than wonld the possession of the mouths of the Missis- sippi be looked uwpon by our people. If Russia retains control of the mouths of the Danube, as she now expresses tho intention of doing, she possesses the power to destroy tke greater portion of Austrian commercial “enterprise ot any moment she may desire or deem it necessary to do so. But has Austria the power to free herself from the toils which Russia is thus slowly but surely weaving around her? The Aus- trian army at this time numbers about 260,000 men on & peace footing. By menns of her landwehr and reserve, it is claimed that in case of war she is able to put a million of men into the field. But this 1s doubted. The Hungarians are bitterly opposed to Rus- sin, and in a war between Austria and Russia would join their regiments with the utmost alacrity. The Slavs, on the other hand, not ounly are in sympathy with Russin, but have openly expressed it to the Aus- trisn Government, in everything pertain- ing to the Eastern Question, and, with such sympathies, it is probable that in.awar against Russia the Austrian Govern- ment could not rely upon obtaining the serv- ices of any considerable number of them. The German portion of the population ere in full sympathy with Prussia, and in sucha war would be largely swayed by Prussian in- fluence. At this time, and for such a pur- pose, it'is doubted if Austria can raise 500,- 000 men. Russia, on the contrary, can, if necessary, place in the fleld 1,000,000 of men, withont exhausting her supply, who, although composed of many different races, are nctuated by one spirit, and are thor- oughly disciplined and instructed. In view of these facts, Austrin can by no possi- bility hope to contend single-handed agoinst Russis. Nor can she obtain sufficient allies for the purpose, unless the Prussian Government is willing to consent to such alliance and to sbstain from all movement towards the accomplishment of its own re- puted designs—which from present indica- tions is not probable. At the beginning of the war, and even until the fall of Plevna, interference by Austrin would probably have brought about a different result from that which the Russians have accomplished. But by ber timid and procrastinating policy the opportunity has passed, and Austris is now powerless to oppose Russia either by arms or diplomacy. 'WHAT SCIENCE MUST NOT TEACH. Scienceis becoming popular, almost fashion- able. Itisthemode with a large andrapidly- growing class. There are signs of tie same excesses in this new style that usually mark the rise and precede the fall of popular fa- vorites. We are threatened with cant of sci- ence, dogmatism of science, even a religion of science. In their enthusiasm for the modern method, the ardent young devotees of science are ready are ready to pull down about society its religions and the churches in which the religions have their points of support, and give us, in their stead, science to be omniscient, omnipotent, omnipresent. For the fetish of superstition they set up the fetish of science. The mysteries of the origin of life, of soul, of the spanless nbyss of the past, the viewless future, which religion, with its fables of Genesis and Ge- bennn, has failod to make clear to them, must yield to the universal solvent of sci- ence. Scienco csn tell us all. The theories of evolution, protoplasm, and the protoplastic soul unfold every mystery of the universe, from the nebulous period down to the em- barrassments of modern politics. To the average scientific.writer of to-day there is no longer any mystery. Huxrey lays before us an imperfect record of three, four, and five- toed fossils, alleged to have been the ances- tors of the present horse, and tells us that the doctrine of evolution stands upon as firm 5 demonstration as the Copernican theory when it was first promulgated. If, he as- serts in his American Addresses, it is not proved, there is na such thing as proof by induction. Harcze, in his His- tory of Creation, is able to announce that the mystery of man's relations to the world, ond ¢* indeed to all things,” is settled by the discovery of his auimal origin. These utter- ances of the leaders could be paralleled and outmatched by those of scores of ollowers. Darwinism appears in shapes unrecognizable by the great Danwry, who may truly say he isnot a Darwinian, If science has already achieved 2l these discoveries, its professors are right to teach them and insist mpon them. But there is the highest scientific authority for saying that these things have not been found out, and that science must not teach them. Prof. Vircmow, of the University of Berlin, marches in the very front rank of the scientific the world. He teaches teachers. Ha prepares for the literary middle-men of science the material which they distribute in books and lectures. He is to-day the highest living authority on the origin of man, so far as anything is known about it. At the last conference of German naturalists, at Munich, Prof. Vizcaow read a remarkable paper, en- titled the Freedom of Science in the Modern State, in which he reduced the pretensions of science to its actual achievements, and warned scientific men of the limitations they must recognize in the work they had done. Harckevs theory of the protoplastic soul, which is assumed as the origin of all ideas concerning spiritual being, he does not deny, but, withthe true scientific spirit, says : Until the long series of scientific inquiry necessary to prove it hasbeen successfully conducted, do not teachit. The doctrine of spontaneous generation, which is older than history, and is now taken up sagain in order to extend the evolution theory so that it may join the in-- organic to the organic world in one har- monious generalization of development, he does not reject. Bat the proofs, he says, are still wanting, and science has time to wait for proof. He confesses that scientific men know nothing about the connection of the organic and the inorganic, and, whatever the theories and speculations of science may be, them it must not teach. A body of scientific men, of whom noneis betterknown than the eminent Dr. Wrurtax B. CarpEs- TER, author of *‘ Mental Physiology,” have been teaching a physical basis for the opera- tions of the mind. Vircmow does not deny that we may at some time bring psychical processes into an immediate connection with physical. But this he declares to be not yet o doctrine of science, but a problem of science, and, so far, an insoluble problem. Search for it, but do not teachit. When Dr. Vircrow reaches his great specialty, the crigin of man, his remarks bzcome intensely interesting. Frankly avowing his sympathy with the opinion, now almost universal among students of nature, that man stands in some connection with the rest of the animal kingdom, if not with the ape, he as frankly declares himself bound to admit that every positive advance made in prehistoric sathropology has removed us further from the proof of any such connection. When we study the fossil men of the remotest ages we always find 3 man just such as men are now. The old troglodytes, the pile-vil- Ingers, the bog-people, were very re- spectable folks, and have heads that many living people would be happy to carry on their own shoulders. There is & complete absence of any fossil evi- dence of a lower order of men than now exists, or of any connection between msan and any other vertebrate animal, whether ape or ass. Vincmow even declares that, if we compare the fossil men with those of the present day, there will be found among the living a much greater proportion of in- ferior specimens thon among the fossils, Hence, however science may favor the hy- pothesis of the animal descent, or rather ascent, of man, it must not teach it. What, then, shall science teach? Only actual knowledge. Scientific men must not put their mere suppositions into the heads of men—Tleast of all into the hends of teachers. State hypotheses as hypotheses, problems as problems. Scientific men can afford to be open aud honest. If they commaunicate to the world that they are to set sail to discover India, it does not haurt them if they discover not India but America. Scian- tific men must teach only what each can cer- tify to in his own department to be truth ascertained and common to all.. When thoy go beyond this they must say: Observe that thisis not proved, but is my.opinion, my men of, iden, my theory, my spenuhiicn_ The t} of to-day may be a demonstration hq row. But to-day science must m,:o"h the doctrines of universal ewlniiun of protoplastic soul, of spontaneons ge,;m. of mental physiology, of the miimal r‘ of man.: Some day it may fing them but for the present 1t must be g5 conti; as the ‘great Sir Isaac Newroy, who i aside for fourteen years hig theory of k! tation, till the French measuremen oy - arc of the earth’s sarface gave him figures that made his th i trath science has had to te:zlrxy e el Ak A e ad ‘Were OLrver GoLpsyara's Celestil f by pen in npon Chicago at the present tims, would write some rare lotters back /.- kindred upon the inconsistencies of opy N plo. Ho would bo met everywhers wig, cry of hard times. He would by told &; wWe are economizing and scrimping ¢ l both ends meet. He would finq ;emhu st their wits' onds oW to pay they gy | aad collect their bills. Ho would reqg 1, o lists of individuel bankrupteies in the ;=z reports. He would be amazeq st the ml.ln gl of broken banks and the desperats e . Receivers to realize something: fron d:!f debris. He would' find I”b"‘dfl"&eda‘{; Inborers vainly seeking employment, J, | would discover a city withopt nni money in its Treasury ang flzhuml! from borrowing. He would fing e individual citizen complaining ang gm: ing over the tight. times, and Wonderiy, what will become of him when Ioringey mature, and notes como due, and the P gntherer knocks at his door. Suddzn;dmh the dismal character of the situstion, by would seek to entertain himself by dropy; into the opers, expecting to witness 5 [ garly account of empty boxes as a Teproof ty the impresario for seeking to give gpey, when the times are so hard. To hi ,m; astonishment, he finds the theatrs ondad from pit to dome,—parquette, and gollery filled with Borgeoslydresyy women and bravely-caparisoned men, wity no end of jaunty hats, camel’s-hair shals, rich furs, sparkling diamonds, and cosly fans. He would go over to the Adelphiag find another jemmed-up audiencs snfferiy, discomfort to witness “The Danites®, ' dind, dropping round to the other thestng he would hit upon crowded house Isughing over clowns and comedion Wending his way over to the North Sids, he would look in at McCormick’s Hall, and, to his utter astonishment, find 2,500 peopls listening to a mmnnerchor and a fiddler who can's fiddle. Thercupon, Woxe-Carsg. Foo would go home in a brown study, medi. tatively twisting his queue and rubbing hiy almond eyes to convince himself he was not asleep, and he would sit down and write fo his friend Jrve-Live in Hong-Fong soms. thing like this: ** I cannot understand thess Americans. Here in Chicago people are o3 the verge of bankraptcy. The times are s hard that every one is twisting and squim. ing to get along. - They dispute their butch. ers’ bills, and tell their tailors to call a menty hence. They discharge their conchmen, acd sell off their pictures. They ars even talk. ing of shutting up their schools and dis- banding their police; and yet, would you believe it, nearly 15,000 people have been to the opera in the last two weeks, and nearly 15,000 more are mad because there wasn't room for them. In these- hard times, whex dollars go so far, they have spent neary. | 25,000 to hear iwo or three singers,ths rest being so bad that they would not bo allowed to sing in Hong-Kong!” And then he would append a postscript : “They even paid $2.50 each to hear the * Bohemian Gird"" The bewilderment of our Celestial friend is natural enough, but it grows out of the fact’ that he does not understand a characteristic of our people. They ill be entertained, no matter how hard the times cre, no matler how much it costs, no matter how hard they have to labor to do it, or how much they suffer in the operation. One night in tha racent opera season furnishes a snficient proof. No opera has been done more fre- quently or is more familiar to the public than the *‘ Bohemian Girl.” When'it was annonnced for performance, there wasa moral certainty that it would be mangled almost past recognition. There was not s new thing in it. There was not a new per- son in the cast, with one exception. Ithad even been given once before by substantially the same cast and proved a fiasco, and yet the theatre was crowded to suffocation with people who paid $2.50 to witness a perform- ance that was not worth 25 cents. Neverthe- less there was a moral heroism in the sight There was o determined, almost fiendish, resolution to be happy under difficulties The peculiar moral grandeur about it wal that only & short time ago the Hess tronps gave o vastly better representation of itat 31 & ticket, and no one went. This shows that people will be amused, and tha they cannot be sufficiently entertained in -tight times except by going to the farthest extreme of badness, much asa desperate man, ins broiling hot day, will light up a fire, in the first place, to be happy in getting ahesdof the sun, and, in the second place, mildly.w express his swcastic viow of the existing condition of things. Perhaps there is 8 subtle quality of feeling in this matterut- Xnown to the Chinaman, namely: tht the tendency of times, as they grow highter, 3 to whirl people to the very satipodss, and, partly out of recklessness, pact- Iy out of revenge, they select for their entertainment something so muh worse than the existing condition .Dl things® as to- be absolutely enjoyable. i There is no other hypothesis which can ac count for this seeming paradox. In ord narily flush times no one would think o paying $2.50 to see the ‘‘ Bohemian G‘fl.. i it were possible to seo the **Kerry Gow "ot s quarter ; and yet no one seems to reslind that he has squandered the price of fifty glasses of beer, of two shirts and half, of s twenty-five-pound turkey, or of twenty . cigars, to see a show that Ckinamen WoUX not tolerate. Nevertholess, the failure & Woso-Carse-Foo to comprehend the seemitd inconsistency is not to be wondered at. A2 if Chicago thus ruthlessly pipes and dscss upon the edge of the precipice, what we say of St. Louis, who, flat on her back, demands to be entertained at 88 and $10pe ticket for the same amusement? Are theJ four times ns desperate as we, or only f0% times as foolish ? d A correspondent at 3 know whether the expression ** HARPER BM}; publish” or ‘“Harrzr Bros. ‘publishes; “Surrr & Co. make” or “Swmn & Co makes,” is to be preferred. The former i each instance, because, though the firm may be considered 2 collective noun, it has the Pl form, aud always properly takes a plasal verte . — e ————— The Massachusetts Legislature s agsin diF cussing the question of restrictin g the bre of dogs as a protection to the commuuity against bydrophobia. Tuesday several fl!“; ments were made in the House for aod -;-lna‘ the Spitz, it belng claimed that during sho 138