Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 27, 1878, Page 3

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY. JANUARY- 27,38 TE--SIXTEEN; PAGES: THE HUMAN RACE. |n What Part of the World Was ts Cradle ? qhe White Races Never Came {rom Central Asia. They Are Undoubtedly Primitive, Abo- riginal Enropeans. How the Future Historian Will Write of the Commencement of Euro- pean Histery. Atiantic Monthiy for February. At some time in the remote future there will pe a modest historian of the remote past. e will commence and conclude his acconnt of the cradle of the human race by saying that ‘e does not in the least know what it was, nor where it wassituated, nor wien the race quitted st He will spend as little time upon the Mern of the Hindus as upon Mount Parnas- sus, the Ararat of Deucalion, or upon the centres of creation which are belicved in by tke Patagonians. He will not weary himself with superintending the migrations of all.the pmp)qsnf ‘Europe from & region in Central Asia where now no European ‘peoples dwell, nor ever hare dwelt since tne dawn of history. Ue will pegin his world-chronicle by admitting that the crand disisions of humankind have from time immemorial HELD SUDSTANTIALLY THE SAME HABITS which they hold at present. or at least held un- 4il the colonization of America. ‘Having thus humbly avowed his ignorance, he will immediately be rebulked for bis presump- . tion. Theolozians, Who suppose that a failure tosfirm i equivalent to a negation, aud who cannot. understand how a species can bave a moral upity and- responsibility unless it is gerived from one pair, will charge him with denging the federal headship of Adam and the right of the Creator to govern his creatares. Philologists, who cannot see how an inquirer can accept thelr linguistic dis- coveries, without drawing therefrom ail their micratory inferences, will accuse him of ienoring the affinity of the Sanskrit with the German. Let us try to divine how he will maintain bim- salf between two-bodies of assailants, who can- ot argue azainst cach other without rendering him some assistance. We will find advantare in the fact that, while bis position concedes little, -ft also asserts Jittle. Coufessing at thestarthis fnability to prove or disprove that ail the dark pations descended from a white man, or that all the white nations descended from 2 dark one, he +will mot attemptoconvert thoselearned writers wio dispute the physical unity of the human race, nor those other equally learned writers who afirm it. ln view of thelack of monu- nments sad docaments illustrative of the primal ages, he will commence his first volume AT A CONVENIENT DISTANCE this side of the creation. Remembering that the Adamite peoples were destroyea by the deluge, be will observe that the orizinal seat of modern mankind must pot be locaivdin the Garden of Eden, even though that should be positively discovered on the Alpine plateau of Litle Bokhara. Havming noted that tradition placesMount Araratin Armenia, 500 miles north ofShioar, and that. on theother band, the Seript- ure parrative makes the builders of Babel arrive in Shinar irem the cast,he will decline o establish scradle of races on a mountain which s liable at auy moment to change its residence. In short. hewil prudently leave the starting-pomnt of humasity in the immensc, impenetrable, and gublime obseurity which necessarily covers it. Nor will ke strive to snow by what routes the pristine tribes quitted an unknown birthplace durieg an incomputable antiquity. ‘The first assured step of the modest historian wilibe tostate where those tribes were when they began to leave memorials of their presence snd 1o record their kmowledzeof each other. His first,_principie in_ accepting authorities will bethat besond the information derived from monuments, from places of sepulture, from buricd weanons, and implements, aud orna- 1ments, from the remains of languases, and from the inscribed or written ac:ounts of early na- tions coneerning themselves and their neighbor natious, true ancicut history cannot o But before e can admit his premises, beiore we come to use only such materials as he will use, Wwe must learn to QUESTION BEAVELY a formidable array of olden credences and mod- ern hypotheses. Migratious from the Enst? A peopling of Europe_from Asia? Successive descents of opuiation from_the Belurtagh, or the Hindu- s, or some other Oriental race cradle? tl A esquely deseribed, that the popular mimd has Iearuec to look upon them as cstablished fa Yet the proofs are eo slizht, and7ac events thernsel c so strixing to the imagination, that a satirical inquirer is tempted to compare them _to the narratives of the conquests of Bacchus and Hercules which were received from the Ori- eatals by the Greeks, or even to the acwourts of warring dwarfs and siants which massed current among our medieval ancestors. 1t would be overbold, certainly, to affirm out- ‘Tight tuat the West was not peopled from the ast. But ope may surcly hold that such peopling could have oceurred only at some pro- iviousiy ancient period, and that the evidence 0fitis 0 purely composed of coujecture and in- ference as 10 be TSWORTHT OF TITE NAME OF NISTORY. - Just cousider the foree of the fact that the Yers oldest chronicles and traditions of Lurope fail to speak of westward-flowing miarations. Remark, also, that from ail recorded time the Ocxideut has invaded and colonized the Orient far more persisicutly and successtnlly than tae Orient has colonized the Occident. So much has this been the casc that a writer would be Fardonabie who should set forth the hypothesis that Europeis the true cradie of humanity. He would, of course, find it impossible to demon- Etrate his theory: but he wou!d have as much to £ay 88 would the advocate of any special con- fiting ssumption; ac would hold ais_ground Efivhnu?ély amainst Afriea and Americs, WO wage af S 3 5 would” waze gt least an equal Iuttle Let usglance at someof the earliest facts W11 L0 us concerning the abiding places and movements of the Luropean peopies. Vohere ¥eze the Pelasgions—the undeveloved aucestors ?‘X the Helleno-Ttalicans—under the irst flickering of history? Just where tbeir de- fiflmhm.sxu—e now: in Hellas aud its northern barder of mountains, in i islands ofgtie Gire- ©anses, in Crete, and Sicily, and Italy. What I:“Dflisu'z between them and other men! It fmpossible to say how far we may literally Understand the old Achaian traditions of Exrp- Uzn and Punic mluences. They mav wican con- guests they mayv mean littoral colonization; thar o5 may mean the civilizing advent of com- WHAT WE KNOW 2 the one hand is, that the Greeks_concede % Eqypuan ruler in_Argos, an Egyptian url Phenician * ruler in Thebes, and the Torent of letters. if not of mining and i-building, from Egvpt or Phanicia 4t we know on the otber hand is, that Hellas, 29th fusular aud contiventsl, roon threw off Hhatever voke it may have submitfed to. and mn its orizinal stack was _not displaced nor 50 ,.“"‘"”5?"“}'5‘.‘ ingrafted upon Ly the alien n«ltvs 1t is like some rich gt to the imag- Ation to be permitied to belieru taat this pros- Riroas wceping of Hamitic gaileys into Pelas- H“:flll{ bors dates back to the time of the cos0s Kings, who kuew Abrgham and wel- .n:nf&hscph, or at least tothat of the great othines dyuasty, which succesded taen and " Poured Exyptian conquest as fav as Nioeveh, Monb 00iy a ceatury or so later than the erand nfl‘?nh-:\n cra, the’ relations_of Mizraim and 3 hzd become mnverted. Ia the ofd azeof mflfis IL (the Sesostris of the Greeks), while of Phpeys were building the treasure-aties rm_sxv.!mm and Rameses, "and mnearly 200 i before Azamemnun sailed o the OIS of Ihum, vpt besan 0 be wrssed | by the’ fleets” of the Polas- Ppo Dirites. Under his son Meueptha (the o‘;hv. gef :g“e I';Jodus), they conquered 2 _lar,-vzf: niry, 100K the Lrong citie: ‘leum:]g aud Memphis, e it MADE THEIR NAME NEMORABLE ’&hfleslmmb:e monuments. for ferocious rav- ut:\' and. althoush as fasy defeated in a great P |:_' Qflmmi 4 settlement in the western M the 11, 0L lonz afterward, wdurmg the period e Hebrew Judes, they landed on the cozst ‘&Eursm and founded'the Principalitics of the dun tines, the destroyers of Sidon and the sub- of the Ismelites.. Y.eanwhile, they were ¥ united in adventure with a fzir-skinned g]comu in Libya, called by the Egyptians the A [ns_l_mnsh. that we may suspect these last to be of kindred- blood, lately arrived from wide- ;syrend Pelasgia. In short, the first that we know of the inovements of the Helleno-Iialie- ung, they were invading Africa and Asid. They Wwere not Journeying westward; they were col- onizing southward aud eastward. It 'i5 diffewlt to lay too much stress upon the circumstance that these are the earli- ¢st facts which we can establish concerning the Tesidence and migrations of the oldest people known to Luropeun history. In Eevptian ree- ords as ancicat as the periodof the Exodus there 1s not the shightest hint thas the Pelaszians were looked upon as an Asiatic race, or identified in any maoner with the Orient. They are called the men of the North, the men of the mists, the Pelesta. of the milsea, Danaaus, and cven Aciiaiavs. They are avpicted WITH HIGH CAUCASIAN FEATURES, often of a beautiful classic type; with light complexious, blue eyes, vellow and even rod- dish hair. 1f they nad but lately come into Hellas and the isles, it must have been from a Iaud fartlier north, and not, at all cvents, from the sun-burned portions of ‘Asia. Such is the Egvptian account of the Helleno- Italicans, or Pelasgo-Tyrrhenians, 1nscribed and _coloréd 3,500 * years- since; a people as European 'as auy people could be, with no trace of lafe residence in warm- erregions of the earth, and pusbing, after the gflssutnl wanner of Europe, toward the south and Let us now turn to the Hellenes’' own story of their early activitics. “The starting-poinis of the Dorians,” says Curtius, *were well known to the ancients; they pressed forward out of the Thessalian Mouutains, forcing a path from district to district.” * Asiatic lonia was regarded by common consent asa country com- posed of Aitic colonies, which only gradually beeame Ionic after the Trojan war.” * Such was the tational pride of the Greeks that they. rezurded thefr land as centr: AS TIUE STARTING-POINT important combination of peoples.” * The original kinship of the llcllcnc;1 '\\'}:i the Ph ns was expressed by representing tha VEiuns asemigrants irom Europe, and the Armeuiuans, in their turn, as descendunts of the: Phrygians.” i It is Herodotus who records the tradition of the edoniaus, that from their land, harassed by the savage ‘Thra proceeded the Phrywians’ and Arme nigns. Other chroniclers, ‘including Xaw thus, the bistorian of Lydia, a writer who pre- ceded the *Father of History,” mention a tugration of Phrygians out of Thrace. From Herodotus, Theopowpus, aud Pliny we learn that the mingled Pamphylians were believed to be larzely of Greek race, the offspring of heroes who fought under Archilochus and Cal agaivst Tliam. * The otus, * are certainl Caunians are in my obinion aborignes; never- s they assert that thev came from Crete.” ians arc a race who micrated to the main-land [of Asia] irom the islands.” f1c goes on to say toat this is the Cretan account, and that the Carians deny the trath of it, caliing themselves jndigenor But. Strabo follows the Cretan version, both as to tue insular origin of this andient people and as to their expulsion i from the archipelago by Dorfans and lonians. 4 Thuc] 2des, and that they were by Minos, the suppressor of the pirat 1n corroboration of his account, he states that when the Athenians purified Delos, during the Peloponnesizn war, above oue-half of the bodies removed from thie aucient scpultures PROVED TO GE CARIANS, casily identitied by their posture and their armor. The Mysians, according to Strabo and other \riters, were originally Thracians. Philolozy suggests that tuev maiy have descended froin the Moesi of the Danube. If any authority or special meaning att: 3 to the traditionthat Car, Mysus, and_Lydus w . and if i is conceded that the Cariaus and Mysians were emigrants from Europe, then the Lydians must be included among European peopie, in spite of cenormant’s efforts tu deduce them from the Semites. The Teucrians, the carliest known settiers of the Troad, were believed by the (irecks to have come across the Hellespont. Of Dardanus, who iutroduced the otber clement.of the Trojan peopl have many traditions, tne lwalians bringing him from Pelaszic Tyrthenia or Tuscany, and the Helle- nes, with - greater probability, making him an adventurer from Crete, or, @iore comimouly, from Areadin. The Bithynians, as Herodotus telis us, called themselves “Thracians avd emi- grants from the baoks of tac River: Strymol the boundary. between Tl Thev added that they were removed from their ancient seats Dy the Teueriws and Mysians; bug this, we must understang, was after those two peoples had become Asiatics and fuvaders of Europe. Concerning the Thracians there is abrudance of Hellense eyicence that they passed both the Hellespont and Bosphiorus, and occu- pied a consderable. resion alonz the southern shore of the Black Sea, where they were well known as the Thracians of Asia. Whatever the Story of the Argonauts may mean, wacther commerce, or frceboating, or colonization, it records S A GREEK MOVEMENT EASTWARD. ‘Whatever may be the aistorical accuracy of the 1liad as to causes and wivor incidents, it 1ainly des i n which poured Argives aud Achafans into Ask Le it noted that mo: mentioned are Suppos dides relates that they once beld the driven into Asi: of the migrations above d or kzown to date bejore the Trojun war. Alter tiag event a clearer light opens tpon Heilenic ry, revealine to us the cerutude that iv included awidespread coloniza- tion cusiward and seutbward, as well uto Teady, Theold Atticand othier of Asia Mwor, ami the r Cariaa or Lelegian States of Mietus, , Smy; te., were rapidly bord swarms of Ath 5, Lesbians, Ej Rians, bands of wivenlurers from every porton of European Greece, the founders or rebuilders of thiat many-citied Iomia which modern wiim has represented as thie parentol its own mother- erity, the Heilcues penctrated the stormy he Euxine, established towns or alons 1its’ shores as far as the 1 mingled with the agricult- yans, to settle among the_nations of Cyrene,— descondants, it may be. of vastly eanicr Pela: wo-Tvrrhenian migrations. For a long per after the expedition of Agamemnon the Hel- lenes were THE GREAT COLONT. of the Levant. NG RACE Meanywhile, the oririnal stock t l";l]cl 5 unconquered, o unmixed, and indestr Now. what is_the result of this inquiry i elder and iater Pelas tory? The Helle Lnew of themseives simply -as aborigines of Tleilas or of the 1nountainous country imme- Qately north of it. They firmly belicved that the greater -part of the nations of Asia Minor were colonists ftom that region, and that the course of migravion in the earliest wres visible to them wus Lrom west to east. Of auv contrary wayfarings of proples, of great ethpic journeyimrs from Asia into Europe, of derivations from Armenia, or Dactria, o i they had no report and no sus- Pi The theory upheld by Curtius ind fo mauny other _moderns—the - theory ihat the Pelasgic and Thracian settlement of Asia Minor was but a reflux of some mizhty anterior tide westward—was totally unknown Zo Herodotus and to the people whose tradi- tions he recorded. From all that we can iearn of the Greeks themseives, it would be more rational to bring them trom the Alps than fromn 1he Belurtash. If au inquirer will be content with the probable, and will for once throw Oricntal tradition £o the winds, he will bring them from NO FARTIHER THAN TIESSALY. Will not this be, the Dot where the bistorian of the future will commence his Grecian his- torr? Meanwhile, the historian of the present, clothed in a mixed armor of poetry and philolo- combats_universal Hellenic Curtius, speakinz nverted their whole of A Minor.”? o tion. for many others, “simp connection with the nations Ts wot - this. when one meditates upon jt. a surorising assertion? Oune of the snecially Instoris C the very racc ory, which_iovenied D civilized men understand toe word, is accused of systemati aliy and iustinetively falsifyine jts own cre- dences as to its own orfin. Is it not, to teast and the milde Bug Curtis, you will re; and a profound scholar, sons for his belief. e has one: hig theory of a * cradle of the Aryan race ™ some- wheré in Middle Asia: hie bas that, and must make all Europe proceed from ii, no matter what the ancient Europeans aflirm to the con- trarv. It is a curious fact that, while he re- peatedly speaks of the lelicnes as reachi through Asia Minor. he nowhere offers an arsu- mens to show that they ever made such a jous- uey. Yer, when he was tossing all ellenic tradition out of the Window, a few proofs that Le had 2 rieht so to do would surely have been appropriate. p’gncy left kindred peoples bebind them in their warch westward, be mizht say: the - Alghans, Persiaus, Armenians, —and Phrsgiaus indicate the Jine of Aryan ‘migration. WIIT NOT REVERSE A PILGRI. 3 which is as casiy concuived in one @i ¢ction as the other? Why not believe the Greeks when flioy aseert-tnat the Phryzians went from acedonia, and the Armenians from Phrygiat | Carry out this tradizion . sufliciently, : and . you will unt very nicely for ‘the Persians, the Alighass, and the Hindus; for the whole chain of Indo-European races.. stretebing - from the Heliespont to -the Ganges. It is as.gooda hypothesis, in itself considered, as the contraiy oue. It agrees with the Hindu story of an. aul- veut across the Iudus quite as_well ‘as does the theory of an Aryan race cradle in Turkestan. By the way, why is it that all these eradles ol races and centres of creation must be on Alpine platcans or amid mouutgn ranges? 1s it not usual for Nature to plant and briog forth her choicest. germs in such inuospituble rezions. Why, then, does the historian of these days cou- duet his original colonists irom Armentan, or Turkomwan, or Thibetian altitudes? It is solely beesuse the story of the ark Hogers in hismind? At the centre of his funciful hypothesis there is a kernel of bistoric truth. Mountaineers arc Tardy, needy, herole, warlike, and aggressive. From mountains descend the subducrs of fat Plains and wealthy valleys and prosperous seu coasts; from them have marched many nations which have changed the fuce of history. They are cenires of invasion and of conquest. But that isall. As well call an cagle’s nest or a robber Barow’s castle a centre of creation. B, Iso, if the modern historian forth his races in highlan ¢pt moun ous Hellas as the birth-f of the Greek peo- ple! With its delivious climate, its ferti'e soil, and. its seas-abounding in fish, it is certainly . BETIER ADALTED TO PRODUCING than are the barren stepres ot Tartary or the snowy dells of the Belurtagh, It h over, the claim of acentral position; the Pelusgic aroups were all around it, at the beainving of hissory; they went forth from it every way, ex- cept towards that bitter North wi §0 rarely brooks colonization. Finally, the discoverer of cradles_audcreative~ centres would for ozce azree with the traditions of the people whose origin he offers to explain. Of the widely-spread Greelesettlements under Alexander and his successors, it is not worth wihile to speak further than to mnote them as her exhibition of the immemorial tendency urope to pour into Asid and Africa. Letus turn to -other Occidental races. We shall sull see, so far at least-us the lizht: of history extends, that men have gone out from Furope rather than come into it. Who were the Kimmerians? If they wers Kymry, asithe Tjority of modlern inquirers suppose, then we can understand how so many rivers in Soutn- eastern Europe came by the Keltic prefix of don or dan (river): and We may, morcover, infer that they dwelt during many centuries in_that rewion, for geographical. namés do not become fixed in a -short period. But it does not matter to our present purpuse whether the Kimmerians were Kyiry or Kimbri, wheth- er they were Gauls or Gurmans. 1t sulfices to Kkuov, as we positively da know, that TIEY WERE EUROPEANS, and that theic first chronicled acy was an inva- jon of Asia. Inbabitants of the country imme- jately north of the xine, pressed upon by 1he wide, vazue, savage power of the Seythinns, they leit their vame to the Krimea and the Kimmerian Bosphorus, burst in succesive bil- lows over Asia Minor, and ravazed it as far southward as Cilicia. There were certainly two Kimwerian migratioas: one reputed to be 782 vears before our era. aud one some 120 years ubscquent. Herodotus assumes, from various ircumstances, that the invaders followed the castern shore of the Euxine, along the base of the Caucasus, and so entered Asia Minor by the northeast. Strabo and other authors, speaking probably of the later overflow, describe it as passing tke Bosphorus. [However and when- ever they came, the Kimmerians connmitted terrible and wide-spread devastations, - ing waste Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Tonia, Plirreia, Lydia, and Cilicia, destroving armies, racking citics, and burning temples. In their second irruption they entered Lydia during the reien of Ardvs, and were not expelled until the time of his grandson, Alyattes, the fatber of the famous Crasus, ‘The next great movement of Northern peoples was of THAT OF THE SCYTHIANS, the conquerors of the Kimmerians. I say Northern, merely, because the term Sevthic was applied by the vireeks to both Northeastern Yurope and Northwestern Asia, and because it is not certain whother this horde came from the ope or the other continent. Herodotus “iu- clines to believe *7 that thev were Asiatics, and were foreed westward by the Massazete, a na- tion undoubtedly Oricutal. On the otherhand, Aristreus, the epic poet of Proconnesus, a far older writer than Ferodotus, who is reputed to have traveled wideky in the regious north of the Euxine, states thxt, they were driven upon the Kimmerians by tué Issedones, who had been dislodged b Arimaspians, . In other words, they sere inbabitants of the rezion now called’ Russia, caught iv one of those cthnic avalanches from nocth to south so character- teristic of carly Europe. Be it noted that if the Kimmerians, in thewr first movement, really fled through Colchis. e relatior of Aristeus seems the most probable. A people dwelling between the Don and the Deieper coula not well rerreat directly soush, excest beforé invaders who came upon them from the morth, or morthwest, or west. o Uncertaibty concerning the orizin of these “Seythiaus still pursues us as we trace ont their rozd into_A Losing track of the Kimme ians, us. Herodotus surmises, tuey turned far away toward the Orient, followed the western shore of the Casmian, threaded (probably) the defiles of Kurdistan, and so entered the Valley of the Tigris. It raust be admitted that this an immense cir:uit for a people who had e from atleast s faras the banks of the On the_other hand, it woald I stiil more difficult. to reach Assyria across Ar- menia, and perhaps the Kimmerians were not comforiable race to follow through the mount- ain pa: However all this may be, the § Cyaxares, the Mede, aitacking ingr him. and beeame : TUE GREAT ASIATIC POWER OF TIE TIME. In onc of their expediticus they entered Pales- tine, purposing to conquer Egypt. Psammeti- chus, Who then probably” enzaged in his long sicge of Ashdod, “met them with gifts and prayers, and diverted theam frow advaucing further.” ~On their retarn, however, tiey warched throush Ascalon, and a strageling rear-cruard pillaged the temple of the cejcstial Yenus, *the most ancieat of all the temples dedicated to this oddess.” For twenty-cieht s they were tae ralers of Asi ren Cyaxares rallied strenslh ¢noush to expel them therefrom, just about the time that Alyaites drove_ the Kimmerians out of Lydia.” Did the Seythians retire altogcther from Asia, or did tuey remain there to give birth to one of the muny fuexplicable vaces of that region, such s the Arvan Kurds and the Turanian Parthians¢ Were ihe Slavonic hordes then sufliciently developed to send forth such a potent migration, or was this an offshoot of that Finnish or Ugrian population Wwhicli in .vthians found evel, defeat- the tra ry ages waged Dbaitle with the Staves for the Empire of Scythia? I witl mere- Iy suy that I inline to beileve Arstreas, when he tells us that the pursuers of the Kimmerians came from Europe. Let us now consider THE KELTS. ‘The prevalent theory is that they arrived in heir present dwelling-places from “the Orient, and philologists trace their march westward by the Gallic names of rivers and regions, such as the Den, the Dnicper, the D and Bavaria. But the disappear the moment that you enter the proper E: Except, prbaps, in aucient Galatia, there is not & sizu throughout all Asia that - Gailic or Kymric tribes ever dwelt there. Fur- thermore, what were thuse tribes doing when they first became known to the history- wnting peoples! Migrating, — after e immemorial fashion of olden Europeaus, toward the rising or thc midday sun. We have atready glanced at the expeditions of the possibly Keltic Kimnmerians. The sime or castward is discovérable hronicled movements of the In the time of quinius _Priscus, if | correctly informed, this mother of warriors sent forth two sizantic mizrations: one, mainly composed of Boians, crossed the Rbine, occupied Buvaria, and eveot- nally seized Bohemia, ziving their name to both regions; the other, drawn from the super- flnous youth of hall a dozen nations, pushed southward, overwhelmed the Ligurian Salyans near Marseilles, traversed the Alps, Gefcated the Etruscans on the Ticinus, settled in Western Lombardy, and built Mediolanum, now Milan, From the fact that they found the country al- ready known as Insubria, it appears probable that they were PRECEDED BY OTHER GAULS, of whose history we have no record but this single word. Following on this migration came suc- cessively the Cenomanians, the Salluvians, the Boieus, and Lingonians, disposse i rians, Etruscans, Umbrians, and - Nortbern Italy. Three huudred and ninety Sears before our _era arrived the Scnonians, f nous for the vietory of the Allia and tae sac of Rome. A huudred vears later the Tuecto- sage: Ges 3y, devasiated Ma etrated Greeee as far as Delphi, traversed a large part of Asia Minor, ana founded Galatia. About. 109 B. C., the Helvctiaus and Tigurini | took part in the Kimbrian movement: the for- wer inading Italy and retuzning safely to tneir mountains, jade with plupder; the iatter de- feating and Killing the Consul, Longinas, ncar Lake Leman. As the re: thes= great outpourings there were Gallie col- onics throughout all Middle Eurape.. Northern Italy, Stitzerland, Swabia, the Tyrol, Bavaria, Bohemia, 1 large’ part of Germapic Ausuria, scattered tracts far down the course of the 1 Danube, a0d even, 1gr a time, districts in Mace- Joiria and " Thrace, were beld’ by the vietirious Dordes. > i R e bave, be it observed, . a : series. of move- ments toward the Easty and NONE TOWARD THE WEST. ° The Kelts, 50 faras we: cau learn - anything of them from history, had nothing to do with ‘Asin, excepk as invaders and colonixers. s it ot fair to suppose that the - Kimraerians, or whatever tribes named the Don; the Diiieper, the Dua:ster, and the Danube, may bave come from ancient Gallia, as well as the Boians of Tobemiz, the B Tectosages of Galatia? . Why Enagine an - mensely 0t movement rrom the, Orient to .uccount-for eographical nomenclatures which are sufliciently accounted for by ia well-known movewment foward the Orienté The historian should :wavs accept the simple.and the obvious when they will explain his facts as well as the complex and the obscure. VT or do we find in Spain that the were. journeying ' toward the They . held ‘the barren mount- nins like a mation which is defendiny itself with dilienlty; while the dark-skinned Iberiaus held the rich plaius and valleys, ltke a vietorious people. - 4v s clear that the tide of conquest was roling northward, eradually submerging the Gauls, drivine them into fastnesses, or per- haps foreing, them from the peninsula.. We dy conclude that the Basque population in Aquitdine #as not the debris of a scttlement whicn bad been left undisturbed by westward- marching Gauls, . but the result of an Iberian overllow of the Pyrences. Supposing this to be the case, we czn pertectly understand the areat cuonian, and Galatian wuy- farines uis hud ¢ potent and harassing foe behind them; ‘the general set of Western Europe was then eastward. - But whence eame the Iberians? Scholars have sousht Tor their row-words in the Finvish and other Turanian languages. In view 'of the fact that when first discovered they were pushing northward, would it not be well to direct this Inquiry towurd tls: fongues of HBarbary? Within the cognisance of history, Spain has been It would be no .very- violent couceit to fmagine that Hamiléar’s Lybfan’ spearmen or Numidian troopers may have found a kndred rage in the Iberic Pendasuta. ct us turn to TIE GERMANS, , During the great neriod of Gallic activity and migration,—a tyde of conyuests which perhaps extends from the advent of the Kimmerians to the settlement of Galativ,—during these five centuries and a1l the centaries which preceded them, and for nearly two ceuturies after them, thie Germans remained unkuown to tie history- writing nations. 1t is not unusual to account for this obscurity of & peonle subsequently so fa- mous by sugresting that they were in the mys- terions deserts of Tartary or Siberia, making their way toward Europe from the Aryan race cradle in Central Asia. The supposition is ut- terly uwsupported by fsets; and is it oot _also unnecessarg? We may fairly bel that the Teutonie trbes were in the earlier ages much less nu- merous, less ¢l d, and worse armed than when they appeared, strangely ‘mungled with (iallic hordes. before the Roms of Marius. Their rude dwellings may as well be fna in Scandiuayia, aroand the Southern Baltic, in Prussia, and in Hanover, as in_Baztria or Sey- thia. There was plenty of room fox t! thav chilly and bogay northern wilderness where the mightier Kelts, intent upem reaching the lands of the viue and the palm, did-not care to wander. The very earliest fact which we knew of con- cerning the Germans is furnished by Julins Cwmresar. When he speaksof anancient time, during which the Gauls frequently invaded and colonized their eastern neighbors, he couples it with an allusion to the trans-Rhenan ecuques: of the Volce and Tectosazes, the spoilers of Asin It follows that the Germans were in Aiddle Germany 300 years before cur eri. Nor is there any fact or infercuce to show that they had not been. there for mauy centuries previous. And when the Keltie line of tribes from the Rhine to Thrace was at length broken. the assault was undoubt- edly delivered by the Teutonic foresters lying to the vorth of it. The Hermunduri. as we (dnow, recovered Swabia, and the Marcominani Bohemia.. LUhe great Helveiian movemeut, which included Boians and Rauraci, was a fizht of Kelts from Germany, sceking safety inthe populousness of ancient Gallia. “Thus there is no cause for inventing a waritke migration out of Asia to aceount for the disap- pearance of Gauls and the subscquent presen of ‘Peutons iu_Austris, Bohemia, and Bayari Both the ueed and the proof of an cthnie pdl grimage from the Belurtagh, or some other Oriental race cradle, vanish into the air. In short, history FINDS TUE GERMANS ALREADY IN GERMA previous, Atland giu his judicions narmative. At that point, and no " carlier, opeas the wondrous tale of Teutonic migration: Kimbrians, Teu- tones, Sucvians, Gotbs, Franks, Bur- gundians, Lombards, Sasons, following cach other in stormy successiol ern times, Richard the Lion-Ge Barbarossa, Charles V., and the Engzlish fuvad-, ing Asia, Africa, and America; Germans for- ever bursting out of their native abode to colo- nize the four quarters ot the globe. No r: has done more to show that the missfon of Eu- rope has been to send forth rather thau to re- ceive populations. Of the Slavonians, before the Greeks bLegan to write of them. we know just this: that we do not know of their coming from tiie Oricnt. According to Herodotus, all the country which wenow call Russia—all the conntry between the Don and the Dniester aud fur to the northward 5 ancicutly filled with o multitude of na- tions, whom he styles Secytbians, Sarmatians, Issedones, Arimaspians, ete. From the frozen sea to the Danube these wild hordes were crowding uport each’ other, forever pushing southward, driving before them Kimmerians and ns, and perhaps flowing afier them into The Sarmatiaus and Scythians spoke cog- nate lanzuages, aud we may infer_that they were both of the Slavonic race. There is no wood reason why we should not hold that all these people were Slaves and Ugrians, the an- cestors ot Croat, Pole, Boliemian, Russiay, Finn, and Lapp. There is solid reason to believe that the Fiuns anciently dwels much farther south than at present, and that considerable propor- tion of the present inhbitants of Middle Rus- sia arc of Finnish stock, their nationality and language baviug disappearcd under Slavie con- quest. THE SLAVES have been slow to mature in civilization and slow to exceed their carly boundari Not until migration had icft Germany half deserted did they begin to rift westwird. Not until the Byzantine Empire was io its decadence did they, 1o our certain knowlpdse, cross the Dan- ube. One tribe alone exhibfted, during the Dark Ages, an enterprise equal to that of the Teu- tobic. nations of conquerors. The Vandals, or Wends, marched through — Germany, Gaul, and Spain, to found a porer in Africa, and ‘even renewed the naval grandeurs of Carthuge by _sailing to the shores of y and plundering’ Rome. But the African Wends were destroyed by Belisarius the Wends of Prussia were erushed by eury the fowler and by the. Teutonic Ritters; the Bulzariaus and Russians were foiled in their assaults on Con- stantinople by Basil II. and by John Zimisces. The Scythia of Werodotus has waited tweuty- three centarics to scc & Seythian emvire take notent shape and resume the _everlasting En- ropean task of overruuning Asin. The Hungarians, or Magyars, were for long supposed 1o be an Oriental people. But we now know tiat their languaze is closely related to the Finnisn, and that there is no historical rea- son for assuming them to be ¢misranis from the Euast. When first discovered they were just north of the Caucasus; then between the Don aud the Dniester; then in Hungary. It scetus reasonable to believe that they leit an abode in Northeastern Europe, drifted south- ward along the western base of the Ural L-hl:lin, their aad theuce followed the Voiza to Caucasian seat. No honest historian will insist on bringing them ont of Bactriuany more than on_deriving them from. the Huns, or from Gog and Magog. It is truc thac there are Fin- nizh or Ugrian, peoples to the east of the Urals and th Volza. ' But which Is the parent group, siatic or the European? We canuot cer- v decide; the one as likely, perbavs, a3 the Nelther the Roman conquests and settlements nor the sigantic deluges of the crusades pro- duced ans i i of Asia. It is merely worth W as additional proofs that, in the struggle be- tiveen the Lo continents, IT 1S THE WESTERN ONE which generally ptays the part of invader and colonizer. Let us now consider the known migrations of the Orieat into theOccident. In the elder times, as we have already seen, there wasa constant advance and resreat_of armed hordes the Hellespont and Bosphorus. Kimmerians aud Thraciuns _passed over into . Asia; Mysians and Teucricos (after they D came A: ) into Europe. Lut the majority of these inroads, especlally those which éstab- lished peoples, came from the northern shorc. 1ndeed, it does oot appear from Herodotus that 2 stngla trive of Asia Mivor founded a lasting coluny in Thrace or Macedonia. The mishty invasions of the Persians, wheth- er directed azainst Gred ¢ Scrthians, ended in disaster and withdrawal. For 830 years after the repulse of Xerxes nos a single Oricatal peo- pley E0 far as record or tradition or monuments can inform us, penctrated the Western Conti- neat. In. 375 A. D. the Huos appeared.in Sar- o uonians of Umbriz, and the when first_discovered;” or for long | twice conquered from” Africa.” and there the coming Listorian of them will be™ |. l:mt.l:l_h rapidly. built up an .Empire which ex- teuded front the Rhinc'io China, gathered' half of-barburic Europe under their banners, recoiled at Chalons before /Ettus and- Theodoric, buried their great King Attila in 453, fell to pieces almost immediately, and vanished utterly. It was a conquest of 'some eiatity years In dura- tion: not a sinele Huunc scttlement remeined a5 a consequence of It; No new eiement was added to the population of the West. Of the Alani, who aided the¢ Vandals to over- run Gaul in 406 A. D., I will merely remark that, their origin is unknown, and that. they are 43 LIKELY TO HAVE BEEN SLAVIC OR FINNIC as Asiatic. The Mongoljan Avars entered Dacia in 555 A. D.; conquered Paunonia some thir- teen years alterward; oporessed the Slaves, pillazed Germany and Italy, and founded set~ tlements in Greece; were nearly exterminated by Chilemagne; and shortly disappeared s a people. If any remuants of them exist, they are mingled with the Balarians, their language Jong since extinet. Eizht centurics or more’ after the Huns, the Mongols played a similar part in” European lis- tory. Advancing under Genghis Khan and his sous from the borders of China, they counpleted the cunqi‘lcsk of Russin by the middle of the thirteenth century, and “lost it - by the widdle of the " fifteenth. We find, as Tesults of thew inroad, no Mongols this sidge_of the Volra and the Urals. A Jopulition . of Tartars, the subjects “and soldiers of Genabis, still clings about Kazan, and in the Krimea, and_along the northern shore of the Black Sea.. But it fs a slender and nt vein, more likely to vanish thau to in- Of“te intrusion of the Moors into: Spain I need say little. They came, and they are mone. 1t is worth adding, perhaps, that this was main- 1y an African migration, e number of Sar~ “acens and other Asiatics who crossed the Strait of Gibraltar was insiznificant as compired with the multitude of Moors who . accompuuied and followed them. TITE TUEKS. At Tast we find, west of the: Euxine, a people whose origin appears to be Asiatic, although we have a rizht to note thit their lanmniase is allied to-the -Magyar and Finnish, and that this fact justifies a suspicion—a mere suspicion—of ulti- mate Uraliun descent. .But.no matter whether the 8,000,000 of Buropean Ottomans arc the off- spring. of o primal Oriental tribe or of an Occidental tribe - temporartly lost in the Orient. -An - easier question. ~ and one quite as germaoe to our gemeral purposc, is, How long can they remain where they arct We seem already to discover signs. that they will soon fall jfito subjection, und vresently thereafter vanish, as apeople, from their seat of couquest. ‘Then, once mioré, Europe will be free of Asiatic colonists. Well, we have gone oyer the whole recorded battle of races between the two coutinents. The result is that, so far as history can throw any light on tue subject, no Oricntal stock appeirs to have made any large or permancut impri sion on the population of the Occident. What, then, of the times of unchronicled antiquit; Is it not fair to suppose that, in the main, they were like in this matter to the times which we know? The men of cold regions arc usually hardier, more warlike, und more diflicult to sub- due than the men of warm ones. If civilized Europe bas renelled civilized Asia, it is prob- nAb[«: thut barbaric Europe repelled barbaric sin. “BUT THE OLD TURANIANS!" auswers one of the wilder devotees of the Oriental centre of creation. “In the stone age there were Turauians all_over Europe; the Basques and Fipus are probably remuauts of them, and of course all Turaniaus are by orizin Asiatie.” Ab. my enthusiastic frierd, vou have not yet pur okl Turasians. You do not in the ow _to what race belonged the lake Hers of 8witzerland and the cave dwellers of France.. You do not yet fecl sure that the Basqueis related to the Finnish, nor have you any certainty that the Turanians did not primal- 1y proceedd from Europe. At all events, let us stop talking contidentially of the origin of these xtinet troglodytes and lacustrians. It may uven be-that thev were not very aucient. The sone aze of Switzerland was coeval, perhaps, with the bronze age of Italy, the iron age of Greece, the splendor of Babylon, and the de- cepitude of Exypt. The prehistoric Swiss are more Jikely to have been tve ancestors of the Gauls whno succeeded themn than to have been the relatives of peoples whom history has pevor kuown in the neighborhood of their crrious dwellings. =~ A derivation ncar at hand has a stronger’ claim to belief than one brouzht from the antipodes. $*BUT TILE IMMENSELY ANCIENT PAST?” - queries the Belurtagh theorist. when from the Tarus to the Urals there were @ot even-any lake-dwellers? The time when there was no oue! A period must have been during which Europe was an_uninhabited wil~ derness. How was 1t peopled?’ . Well. 1 do not kuow, and neither does any one. That is the plain, gigantic, widely-visible, and, I fear, indestructible fact of the case. It covers and dominates all history aud all - tradi- tion and all hypothesis. . The very hambling and yet really valuable result of our inquiry is that ve are brought to aamit our complete igno- irance. Nevertheless, in reviewing the subject, cer~ toin_interence seem _permissible; and I shell veniure, with many doubts of their cor~ reesness, to state them as follo Hirst—There is no proof, whether historical, or traditionary, archaological, that the grest aces of Eurooe arrived thitbur from Within the historic era col- onization bas been maiuly the other way, flow- ing oitenest and most poiently from west to cast. though'without pernanentresn!t in chan ing popnlations. Of ethnie movements duri the prebistoric era we.kuow notning wh: ever.—nvither s to the direction in which they tended, nor even as to whether there were any. In short, TAERE 13 NO SOLID BASIS for the papalar theory that tue Buropean races me irom Bactrid, or Thibel, or the Hindoo~ EKnsh, or some othes Asiatic centre of creation. Sccond—There is some historical or at feast traditionary reason for believing that tue so- called Aryan peoples of Asia praceeded from Europe. ~ On the other haad, neither vie- torious invaders mnor wayfarers who couid choose _their abodes at _will in an uninhabited region would be likely to oceupy the barren mountsins where history dis- covers the_Armenians, Versizas, Kurds, and Afghans. Did the unremembered forefathers of these mations dispossess some Central Asiatic race, lonz since extinct and gone 1o forgetfuluess? Were _ they themselves then encroiched upon by the Seinites, vad driven out of the rich valleys of the Tigris ard Euphrates into the rugeeil uplands where.our carlicst records place them? Or is this chain of Indo- European mountaineers, stretchinlof oid from the Heilespont to the Indns, a proof that the Indo-European stock is aboriginal to the Orient? e have a certain measure of geograpbic proba- bility pitted against other. probadilities sup- ported by Hellenic tradition. Shall we aecide in favor of -Mount Hemus or of the Belurtagh? My belief is that the historian of tim future will make no decision whatever, and will com- menve his history of the Armenians, for in- stance, by saying that they were first found in Armenia. t ird—So far as our knowledge cxtends, the great Buropean races have NEVER MATESIALLY CHANGED TIEIR IABITATS, not cven in Europe. The ancient stock of the Goths has not disappeared from Scan- dinavia. The Teutons still hold as much ; of Germany as they held when Cwesar revealed them to us. ‘Thie “drums and tramplings of many conquests ™ have not drfven the races of the Helleno-Italicans from their ancient scats. In spite of giant colonizations into America and Australia, there are more Anglo-Saxous in Great Britain, more Iberinns and Keltiberians in Spain and Portugal, than when those movements commenced. ' It may be objected that the Kelts have lost both territory and power; that Saxons, Franks, and Burgun- Qians bave driven them from much of England and France; that their Brenns no longer lead them victorious from the Atlantic to the Bos- norus; that they are not found in Bavaria and Bohemia and alonk the Danube; and that cven their languazes have nearly fallen dumb. But the destruction caused by the Germanic incur- sions is popularly exaggérated; the norihern Freuch and the western British are still in the main either Gaclic or Kymric; the old blood Dbeats, aithough the old tonzue is silent. Iu the matter of diflusion als we must not foreet the days of Napoleon. Under him Gallic' war- riors onee more trampled half Earope and part of the Orient; under him the ranze of the old heraic race was even wider than when it strove against phatanx and maniple. We must not confound the temporary empire of a people with its permanent abode. The former exvands and contracts; the latter secms unchangcable. Notwithetanding the narrowing of Keltic con- quests, the race itself 15 MORE NUMEROUS THAN EVER, and still holds, in the main, its primal lands. Fourth—No migrdtion which ~fores its way into a deaser population of a vigorous race can long kcep its own characteristics or maintain a separate existence. Look at the disappearance "of the Saracens from Spain; of the Huos, and Mongols,and Alani from Middle Europe; of the TRoman swarms which settled in_Africa and the Levant and German'; of the Greek communi- tics which onee flourished in Serthia, Asia Minor, and Bactria. A _million crusaders took Do root in Syrin. The Vandals perished from Tunis, and the ‘Visizoths from Ar- azon. The Eranks and the Lombards ceased lonz since to be dbt(uf;u‘mlmblc from thepcoples whom they conquered. The Normans rapidly became French in’ France. ftalians in Naples, and English in Englan® The descendants of or the Danes who - triumphed under Guthram do not know themselves from the descendants of the Saxons who regained their sovereizoty noder Alfred. The German-immierants tothe United States are surely assimilating, in_appearance and languace, to the American<of Enelish race. Historyis full of similar instances of the- ab- sorption of transplanted stocks of humanity. Iz seews to be certain that colonization is a diffi- cultventuré, prosperous only under very favora: ble conditions. ‘To thrive easily, abundantly, and permanently, it ueeds fertile soil, a hos- pitable climate, and uninhabited “or thinly peo- pled - territories, such as were offered by the a’xlnael:xuol (Jclm‘nlflls.i A dense population can vize successfully into a5 H sparse population - - ST SpruLa f CANNOT TOLD ITS GROUND amid a dense one.. Asaresult of this rule the world will some day sec the downfall of the British Empire in India, and perhaps of thie Rus- slan Emoire in Northern Asfa. Fifth—No migration' which- quits - its native Iatitude or climate can_permanently flourish. There i reason "to believe thiat, without the' favorine of artificial and incessant calture, this law holds good of shells, of plants, and of the lower animals. Its. application to humanity, at .least, is’'proyed by all history. In Tunis, Cyrene; Egypt, and~ Mesopotamia there are no communities which wecan even suspect of being. .descended from the Greek - and Roman colonies” planted there from the time of Meneotha to the' time of the Cicsars. All the southward Ger- manic micTations bave vanished from sight, like rivers lost in ‘mncridional deserts. “The Mongols have disippearea out ‘of Hindostan, and the _‘Turks fail to perpetuato, _their race beside the Nile. Meantime, Teutons, Kelts, and Iberians colonize successfully’ their own Iatitudes in America, and Southern Africa; and Australia. It would Scem, at first sight, that thercis an exception to this rule in the chain of Aryan peo- ples _strétchinz dingonally across Asia from Smyroa to Calcutia. - But it should be observed that most of thesc nations” are mountdineers,” and 50 possess a climate similar to that of. their _supposed original seat, “whether, this be Europe or on the table-land of Bokharu. It should also be admittéd that their geoariphical position and continuing existcéuce constitute one of the nota- ble puzzles-of bistory. T Well, here we are, at the end of our little line “The time, of knowledge, nicced out though it be with tra- dition'and inference. ' - _WHAT IS THE RESULT! There is an infinite past, or what seems to our short-siehted view an infinite oast, ‘in the great adventure of humanity. We see the harbors ac which it has arrived, but not the routes by which it vopaged, nor the points from which it startad. We behold. perhaps, but the survivors of the mighty armada. There s o solemn possibility that many races of pristine men have onc allto. wreck, their languages unrecorded like those of the extinct tribes of Hispaniola, or surviving only as euizmas like the Etruscan. Amid the chances, and changes, and obscure tragedies of the unchronicled past, how ridicnlous for the searcher into orizins to’ pretend that he treads securely! He cannot so tread; he does not know the itinerarics of the pnimeval nations; he has not discovered their’ prehistorie seats, and much less their centres of ereation. Ot Europe, for instance, he is sure only that there came o perfod when it was found to be inbabited by razes which yet abide there, and which in the main have kept their posscssion good against intruders frowm other continents. There, as T venture to predict, the historian of thirty years hence will begin European history. . ' THE GAME OF DRAUGHTS, Commuuleations intended for this Department should be addressed to Tre TruruNE DEAUGAT ED~ 1o, P.-0. Box 215, Chicago, TH. CHECKER-PLAYERS' DIRECTORY, ‘Athenmum, Nos. 63 and 65 Washington street. PROBLEM X0. 50. 3 By Cuanies J. Davis, Chicago. Black. I L 8 Z ol 7 i ] i ‘v ‘White to move and win. POSITION NO. 50. BY HENRY JOHN COOK. Black men o1 1 Kings 10, 28, 30, White men on 20, Kings 8, 17, 18, 19, White to move and TO CORRESPONDENTS. C. M. Witder—Have attended to it. M. Kelly—Analysis mailed on the 23d wmst. Billy Conkling—Too late for atientionin thisx issue. ¥ John C. Wallis—Do you mean the Old Four- teenth? Jaseph Zanoni—Your play showing a black win will be welcome. Black and White—Our diagram is as clear as can« be made in this way. 1. D. Lyman—Thanks for the games. Will com- pIy With your request. David Milier—Afraid to play him quite likely. (2) The same will be nsed. D. W. Pomeroy—See solution in issuc of Jaly 8, 1877 (2) Position will be nsed. Amnteur—Play 26—22 instead of 14—18 at twen- ty-second move of your solution, and black wins. C. D, Gates—Black cannot play 32—28 for first move in the_problem referred to; vou evidently meanl—5. Your otnersolution will do. Charles Bateman—Solutions should always ac- compuny posicions intended for pubhcation. Yours are accepted, however, und will appear soon. liam Dean—The solution says first move Is 3, followed by 2, ctc.,-—in Trank Game No. 152. Yon probably refer to var. 12, which Bprings from var. 6, aud that from tne trunk. C. Iefter—Mr. Samuel Siegel sends the follow- ing play to show a draw to your eritcism of th move of Game 15 9—5 (1)) 3227 V). 1417 leads solution. 013 1- 6(8) == = 1) l 1822 1— i 5= 1 é-a |-z ] W. wias. {W. wins. | utte wins, 2325 |25-01 26-30 1) 14-18 252 |32 | W.wins. 1e-17 f-m (3-8 175240 | Wowls, (3) The following solutions are by F. N. John- son. Chicazo. 29 LB 2318 (c) | 18—22 1— 6 H 5—(;: 10-15 Drawn. 22-17 | 9=13(d) 1722 110-15 ] 1—6 Drawn. 10-7 | Drawn. 20-24 1.5=14 o 1218 jai-za |1o-ic 10-18 lw—:x @) 28 18~ o (a) 14—18 wins at once. CHECKER ITEMS. Mr. J. Labadie, of Chatham, Ont, chialicnge m the Clizper. ** to Dlas. b out with a B Dykes o match of checkers consistine of ffty Zames. f $200 a side and the Champlonship 9f Canada:® Praidwood Club, just orsanized there.~ Mesers Fitzpatrick and Bowen are engaged in playing another corregponderse game, Wylite is on a dranzhi-playing toar throagh En- gland.. He stll pretends ta be desirous of bring- ing on a match with Yates next spring. o The last ‘issie of the ‘Conserrator” contal chiallonge. by James M, Comon oot Lhmwa among the players 2s- **Gen. Sicaels, ™ to”** Mr. Frank Henderson, or any other colored checker- pluayer in-this city, to engage in a contest for $100, and Championship of Chicago." i * ANDERSON'S - "Fggm'n' POSITION — BY Black Kinzs on 10 and 1L N White man on 20, kings on 16 and Black to play and draw. - 18. SOLUTION TO FOUETH POSITION. 10-7 1227 {1511 . 24-1Y 1-15 1823 * [ 3@ | 16=19 115 1918 ! Drawn (@) Any other wo —_— GAME NO. 135—ALMA. Played in the Yates-Barker confest. Yates' _morve. # - GAME 0. 156—SECOND DOUBLE CORNER. in the Yates-Barker contest. Barker's ~11 19~15 GAME 5o a3 19~16 1014 GAME X0. 135-SINGLE CORNER. mg}:yed inthe TYates-Barker contest. Yates' 1-15 18 2622 16—-12 THE BANKS. The Bayard Compromise. The argument on the proposcd compromise of the claim of the State Savines Institution against Robert Bayard came up azaln- yesterdsy before Judge Willidms. § Mr. C.C. Bonney said that, thongh some objec- tions had been made to the proposed compromise, mone'had been'fled as yet, €0 that there was nothe ing of record to which he could reply. e there- fore asked that the ttme for making objectionn be extended to Wedresday, and that all objections should be made n writlng and filed. A long dis- cussion then' followed nbout the right of the Court to make the order compelling creditors whi bind begun susts auninst stockholders of the bank. to discontinue them before bolng al- was disc gaved at length Thursday. The 0 aly new point or objection made yesterday was by Mr. Grant, who claimed that the” Recelver nad r right of action agninst_Bayard, becanse ho had not sued in time. ~Bayard sold out hisstock in il last, and his Jiability on stock for six months tlsereafter, as created by the bank charter, expired *n October. _ Morcover, Bayard could not 'be sued. ina State court, he beinga non-resident, and it was thus evident the rizht'to Tecover be- longed to the depositcrs - omly. The Recelver could not recoror of Bayard himselt; yet he was objecung agalnst the denositors tempting to realize from him. Moreover, come of the depositors had never been made parties to the injunction issned by Judge Farwell; yet the Re- ceiver was atiempting to compel them to take part 1n 2 case to which they were not parties. Judge Willisms finally ¢aid that it would be un- just to compel all the parties to dismiss their Bsuits azalnst the stockholders. There was a fund tn charge of the Court, to be administered for he benefic of all parties, and its posses- #lon caye the Court a power to make orders which ft would not otherwise have. The case wns 2 2073 of proceeding tn rem. _There Was 8 euit in the interest of ail pactics, except thore who claim specific rights agsinst Bayard. He ha¢ said the other day that he” did not sce any hard: ship (the Court having the whole fund in hand, and the administration thereof being embarrassed by the proceeding of ikesc enits against the stock- holders) in having thosc suits dismisscd, provided the parties aid not intend to proceed with them. 3n that case Judge Farwell's order would bé final. e was canally clear that fo far aa those sits rep- resented claims_ which the parties intended to an- eal, it wonld be unjust to cuter 2n order of the ind proposed. ~Jle thuught that it woeld be detter to modify the order to those. — Bat it was ten sus gested that this would upset the whole comp Now the proposition was to compel all parties t reduse their objections to writing. Il wiened to siate that he entered all the important orders of the case on rules misi, o as to ve _ opportunites for objections to be made. The facts of the case often were not what they appeared at first to be. ile wasnot aware of the fact that saits had been begun in the United States Courte, prior to the injunction, which the parties Intend to appeal. Tt would be proper to make an order which wonld compromixe them. At the same time, if he conld facilitate the settlement which the Recerver was trying to nego- tiate he would like todo it. At present hic saw no reason why any but the Bayard suitors should be inelnded in the order. If. a3 waspossiole, Bayard would not settle without tne original order, ho felt that the parties *hould make odjections to the order in writi; then entered re- quiring all part to the Bayard compromise to file the same by Wednesday in wri Thoee creditors, however. who had bronzht snits aguinst_ather_stucxholders than Bayard ‘were not required to flle any objec- tions at that time. TIE OTHERS. The Receivers of the Third and Central Natioe Banks eent the schedules and checks to Washing. ton yesterday, and by the latter part of the weck expect to be paying a dividend, the former of 45 per cent and the latter of 25 per ccnt. The gratifying announcement fs made that on and alter to-morrow a dizidend of 25 per cent wiil be pain on a:] certificates of liquidation of the Ger- man National Bank. A meeting of the _depositors of the late **Bee- hive™ will Le held In the Repablican_Clab-rooms of the Grand Pacliic_on the eveningof Jan. 30 Wednesday), to correct if possible “the -* mis- take™ raid to have been made in refation to cer- tain nnsecnred notes said to have been given to the ‘bank prior to its failure. e ——— A Catholic Journal on Victor Emmanuel. Cathnlic Telegraph (Clnctnnath. As we said, he was an mstrument and an agent. not a shaper or a maker. He was a tool of others. A lover of pleasure, and pleasure of the viier sort, Victor Emmanuel allowed others torule him. The attempt of the man to pro- clim one of his mistresses Queen of Tialy sufliciently attests his character, his mental reach, his estimate of public opinion, and the regard he had for the glory of united 1taly. Notwithstanding an eformous personal revenue, enormous_indeed in a country loaded down with debt, and where all the people zroan under taxes, he was decply in debt, and it was only too casy to trace thesonrces of the expendi- ture. If we do not mistake, a third of the rev- enues of the contiscated church property was devoted to “the Royal pocket, and” even with thut addition he was led to such shifts to raise mouey as led two years azo to the scandal kuown ss the Mantegaz- za affair, wnich shocked all Europe. To et such 3 man up as a hero, s a_savior of so- ciety, as'a deliveres and leader of his people, as a type of Rogaity.and truejmanhood, s to insult humanity. The fnan was'a constant diserace to the position he oggupied, or, shall we say more rightfully, perh:fi?. thathe graced it ag a robber Zraces a prison-cel}, or a murderer the hane man’s rope! Of cOurse, we cannot_expect al! men 10 be saints; but, if Victor Emmunuel ist. be held up to universal admiration, we cannou help looting closc]y at the man we ‘are asked to admire. As for the work accomplisbed ic his name, we know that ** United ltaly ” will not see the century out. Victor Emmanuel died in time. His throne was forever rockiuz. His son, Humbert, a worse .repetition of himselt, sits on the crater. of a smoldering volcano. Ono of the least hopeful features of' United Italy is, that it should have vecu unitedunder suchmen. Histor, i it remewhers Victor Emmanuel at all, will rememoer, him as the pliant and weak too!, under an assamptiou of Royaltr, of an or- ganized conspiracy agaiust® God, soclety, and may, (IiL.) rejotces in havingia Checker :