Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 16, 1878, Page 1

Sy e, VOLUME XXXIL SILKS. st Americanilks. MANUFACTURE OF CIIENEY BROS. Black & Colored Gros Grain£ DRESS SILKS. * arvanted all Sill, and guaran- | teed not to cut or wear shiny, ook No other Sillis, Forelgi or Domes- | tic, are manufactured on the sumne f principle. These fabrics are twenly-two inches wide, made expressly with an wunobtrualve lustre’ which har- monizes beautifully twith Camel’s IHair, and all Fashionable Dress Gooda in * Combination Snits!? are perfect in color, substantlal in ap- pearance, and for their tndestructi- blequalities are pre-eminently “The American SUk” for real service. ALL-SILK ARMURE!! A new and extraordinary service= able fabric in Black and Colors, 22 {uches wide, in a great vaviety of patterns, of a “sofl, clinging tex- ture,” specially adapted for Polo- naise and Suits, ALI-SILK GROS FAILLE! In britliant evening shades, rivaling i1 effect the most cxpenstvefabrics, 24-IN, FLORENTINE SILES In Black and Colors, for all pur- . poses of Uining, Field, Leiter & Co., ' EXPOSITION BUILDING, Sole Agents at Retail. WANTED. W AN TEL A A First-class Soprano Vocalist, Foratonr In New Engiand with ono of the bestsnd ‘mostsubstantial musical entertalnments now traveltog, Also a Pianist Accompanist. 4. ) B, 8. IL..care D armn Gan Y10 & i1 #Henkin:shs Chiegs: WANTED. A lady Journalist, of Experience, fEe— s o write editoriaia and take charge of the literary ds. [iment ot & ity Faper. Blate experienco end lesy expected. Address O 21, Triunn office. o S IS Radfead$31, withoolice ™ L ANTED! b Dy and Jot bet: 'n Centre-av, a fi:fi::.“ha,a‘x;,n",n&,.ck.:ns:.L BT 0U0. Mpst De m bargain. AN e s P B, Tisin, . Gold_and ickel trimmed, sad SIATE MANTELS, CO & RUMN e R ATH ST, Pkt elp eSS L ALY ————— UCEAN STEAMSIIPS, ‘General Transatinntic Company. b a Navre vie Tlymouth, from Betweca Hew, EOTK 48 foot of Morian-ui: JADBAROR, Safaifer .. ... Wed,s Jan 3% 04 1 RANCE, Tradelle Wed.. Feb, 0, 8. m. L T i E-%lr“ VlE, SR0a% Becona Cavin, 803 20, lndudl% wine, bedding, and utenslls. IO BLUOUTH, LONDON, or say rallway siailon o ] 415, 695 to 8100, sccorting fo sceommoda: umfgecl&;'x cg%"‘ "4( Sl Cabin $381 Biccrake, A i i above, A2 OB B EBIAR, Axtor, 53 prostwar, arW. ¥, WIlITE, 67 Clark-at.. Aent tor Chicago. WHITE STAR LINE . YUI:‘HMHB!KAIHI Indlm al Ml|lllfll.n.rgl‘n &ul("o!':nxf’: R RS R e enersl Wesiern Agents Dratts on Qreat Dritain and ireland. North German Lloyd. steamers of this Company will sail overy Sature oy ot reman Mer. fout of TNIrd sireet, Jlobaken. assge—From New York to Bouthuinpton, sy cabln, $10; second ©abin, €00, Roldy ateerage, 830 currency. For frelght HLIILIS & CO., A PREOAY 0 3 oy Groe, How FoFke Great Wostern Stecamship Lino. ‘rom New ‘nrkm Dristol (Engiand) direct. Cabin passige, $30, ¢ §70) Tnt . $43) B e v Tlekein 84 fhrorable rates. I'ta: ‘Ilfl ‘"vun certificates, 820, Al\M‘ 1o WM, ¥, E, &7 Clark. d. NEW lhiclmrdso’n’sNewfllétlwd O THE PIANOPORTE, FPrice $3.25, By Nathan Rlchardson, 930,000 coples sald, Bales have surpassed those of alt ther books comblued. Be suroto order by the above full litlo, snd do not accept 1natead af tale, Tux Moneny Scuoot, which ts an older book by (he same anthor. Mr. Ricuardson'a opinion of Auo merite of this Oret effort niay be gathered from the following, taken from tho preface to the NEw Meznen. “Becoming st length satisfled of the truth ofthoso oriticisms, (by many eminent oom- Pozera and profoss ) and convinced that rost improvements ware obviously needod, 1determined, if pousible, to remedy the di focts. Profiting by the expari nd ade vica of ths beat practioal teacher: com. menced a thorough and critical examins. tion of my first method, and concluded that the only remedy would betobringout s new work on an improved plam’” This new work, substituled for (he defective Uouveax Bcnoos, was Hichardson's NEW METIIOD FOR THE FPIANOFORTE, Which has been revised and re-vevised until it Iy he moat perfect of music bocks, is 8 great favorite :ll‘T‘lhn profcasion, and is ibs only frue **Rick. oo LYON & HEALY, Ohicago. OLIVER DITSON & CO., Boston. EDUCATIONAL RACINE COLLEGE, TheCollege sod Gramreer Behool will redoen Jus. 37, dad close June 33. For Jogues 4o full laforma o spply to i tamper. .. REV. JAMES DsBEOVEN, D. D, VENNRY T VANIA MILITARY ACADENY, EXNEYFANIANILITARY, ACADRIN ealibfal: groun le: _bulldlogs comunodidus] ornugh Inf eiacering. (14 CIabIce acd b of cadets. For cir ul AT Presldeot. s K KEWOSENE A | 'PA- T 323 Clask- Wa keep s full atock of efther 00ds. Which we ste selllag &t Fowinlen. alio deliver il. aCisoa 33 Adsins. IRMBUREG EMIROIDERIES, e e AR e AN A, J Hamburg broideries. NEW DESIGNS SPRCIALLOV FRICES 1Will place on sale this day Twrenty Thousand Pieces, OVER (e Hundred Thousead Yands, Of HAMBURGS, choice new patterns, from the narrowest to the widest, in EDGINGS and INSERTINGS, ranging in price 8e, l5e, e, 8¢, 10c, 12}c, 16¢, 18¢, 20c, 26¢, and upwards. Buying direct from the best known manufacturers in St. Geallen, Switzerland, we can safely recommend our prices as ‘being lower than those of other Houses. ) ‘We invite inspection. MANDEL BROTHERS, 121 & 123 STATI.ST., ‘Branch Michigan-av. and Twenty-second.st, FOULTRY EXIIEITION. O [Tho Third Grand Annual Exhibition of the National POULTRY Association is now in progress at the L |EXPOSITION BUILDING. M| Press and Peoplo pro- R esting exhibit ever held in the United States. Admission. 25 cents. e rNANGIAL, Prims Real %k‘gm' Eéf.,'fi k{\:{fifigé :"e:uh_-'.;'- MONEY toLOAN By JORIAR H. REED. No. 20 Nessan-st., M. Y. In smoitnta aa required, on l}fl‘llo\’ED ciicAco BN W O T W AT A COUNTY ORDERS And City Vouchers Bought By LAZANDS RILVEIRMAN, POULTRY. nounce it the most intey- $30,000 FROPERTY, ot BEST RATE. TO RE FOR RENT. DESIRABLE OFFICES IN THE TRIBUNE BUTLDING TO RENT. WM, C. DOW, Room 8 Tribune Building, Apply to ‘A‘fifi@"rg;figfiififij Artists’Materials, 147 STATIE-NT. }vii&éul;L:\ Eous, P T ST —— i3 \d T 9 Party Flowers. Epecialty In Flowers for Paril, .4 Weddin, arpitures for Balls aud Eventng Drewics, at Ml ONCELET'S, imporier of French Flowers and P $80 Wabash-av., south of 18th-st. ron) abroad promptly uttended Lo, T RIRM CHIANGES, SOLUTIO The corarinership heretofore eatellng under the ysme of Aibrand 1 Breyer, st 543 Nurth Wells-at. 1% I.h’ L arm Jorand | ltitands LBUAND, sy disolved by wulusl cousedt. s Bticue on WLl L6 Duslucss, coliect ai The frm of Oterndor 040 alisolved by s ovf and Liavid My Chicazo, Jan. 14. 1 111 & 118 Lake St., Chicago, Becarefultobuyoaly LisGeaulne, CHICAGO, e Chicage Daily WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 16, 1878, THE PEOPLE'S MONEY. Proceedings of the Silver Conventiop at Spring= field Yesters day. B Judge C. B, Lawrence, of Chi. cago, Chosen Presi- dent. The Committee on Resolutions Headed by the Hon, W. C. Goudy, Text of the Declarations and Resolutions Adopted. Ex-Congressmen Ilobinson and McNeely Recall tho Y'ro- cecdings of 1873. Demonetization Unwittingly Aided by the Very Owners of the Bonanza Mines, The Specious Plea Then Ad- vanced that Pagan Nations Would Drain Our Silver. Effective Speeches by Messrs, 'Cur- nor, Forsythe, Harlow, Bross, Archer,and Crobs. Dispatohes Received from the State Grango avd Individusls in Sympathy —Views of Oorre- epondents, IN COUNCIL. THE CONVENTION AT BPRINGPIELD, Svecial Dispatch to The Chicaga Tribune. SpnixorieLp, il Jan. 15.—The Stiver Con- vention, tho call for which cmanated from Quiucy, was held In tho Senote Chamber to-dny. Loat eveniug and this morning it was thought that thoe attendance would be quite small, and, {ndeed, when the hour of opening arrived thero was a brilliant strayof empty seats, but, as the midday trains began to arrive, therecommenced an Influx of delegntes from Quiney, Carlinvlite, Decatur, Peorla, Charleston, and other towns and yvillages in tho nelghborhoud, and to the bad roads In the interior, aul to the fact that too sbort a notice had been given, may bo attributed tho want of general representation, What the Conventlon lacked in numbers 1t posscesed in brains. Never lias your correspondent sttended o deliberative . bady fn ywhich there was better decorum, closer attention to the questions under diseussion, and on abler exposition of argument. One notice- able featurc. was the absence of tho loungers who usually fnvade the Capltol whenever 8 con- ventlon {8 {n scesion, They devoted thelr ate teution to the military mceting fn the Repro- scntatives’ Hall TIE CONVENTION was called to order by J. G. Rowland, of the Quincy Jeratd, who nominated Judge Lawrenco as President. The nomination was concurred in, ond tho Judge returned his thanks for the lonor conferred. ‘They bad met for the pur- pose of expreesing the opinion that prevalls among ninc-tenths of the peoplo In regord to the wrong ond fraud which had bocn perpe- trated in demonctizlug silver, and demanding, on bebalf of the people, that the wrong be righted, and the dollar restored to the position 1t once helil. Messrs, Qrendorft of Bangamou, Dowdall of Peorta, and Deucarre ol Adams, were appolots ed Hecretaries, Measts, "Arclier of Pike, tlise of Cook, Ross of Fulton, and Jacobs of Adaws, werc ap- pointed Viee-Presidents. On motlon, the Chalr appointed as a Commit- tee ou Resolutions Messrs, Uoudy, Bross, Bates, and Bennctt of Cook, Rowland of Adams, Merritt of Bangamon, Emery of Peoria, Pickor- cll of Macon, Houton of Unlon, Etter of Me- Lean, Jack of Mason, Conkling of Sangzsmon, Dush of Vike, and Knapp of Scott. ‘Plis Committeo rotired to deliborate, and RUDOLPI K, TURNEN addressed tho Couvention, Ile gave a con- densed history of all the acts relative to the colnage which had been -passed by Cou- gress, and then, in a glowlog mauner, culogized the Republican party for what it tad done; but, It it refused to particippto fn the movemnent for tlic restoration of the silver dollar, &t would be an act of vivlouce to the country equsl to tho firing on Fort Bumtcr. The commerce of thy country was paralrzed, bankruptey stalked through the land, thousands of wmen wero suf- fering from the wank of bread becauso thoy coutd.not obtaln work, Why should we hesi- tate to remonotize silver, if It would ald us to roll off the burden of debtunder which we now stagger! ‘Tho boudholders, the New York agi- tators, and the capitalists of New Eugland would, without doubt, should gold Lecome plenty, B DEMAND PAYMENT IN DIAMONDS OR PLATINA, + 'Fno Mississippl Valicy fs capable of sustain- ing s population of 130,000,000, and last year it produced 1,500,000,000 bushels of grain, Wo wero to-day standing face to face with the fact that 5,000,000 uf peopls n this broad land were all out of employment. During the last four years $000,000,000 of railroad bonds bad Leen forfelted, and $1,500,000,000 of stock had been destroyed. ‘To the War alono should not ve ascribed the depression. It was maiuly due to the Ansnciat Jeglslation of tho past eigot or ten years, 'Thero shiould bo po sesslon of Cone Rress oftener than once in ten years. All the financisl legisiation of the past elght yoars should be repealed, and an amendment to the Constitutlon ghould be adopted prohibiting any finsncial legislation for the wvext thirty ears. 4 1o respouse to several Joud calls, J0HX FORSTIUR, of Chicsgo, sddressed sho meeting. He eald that Le came hero to participate with bis fellow. citfzens in endeavoring to procure the rewone- tization uf the sliver dollar, which, for eighty years, bad been the cofn of the country, -Alex- snder Hamilton laid down the princiie that the Mmitation of coln to any one metal would work su ipjuryto the people. It was through hfs lators that the #llver dollar of the samo valuo a4 the old willed Spsulsh dollar was cstab- lished. 7O GOLD DOLLAR WAS NOT KNOWN untll after the discovery of gold fa California In 1349, aud jb was mads cqual to the silver doliar, The dollar wae anpointed as the unit. of value. “The law peovided for the colnage of the copper cant. It did not provide that 100 conts should nake a dollar, hut the cent was made the one- Iirwicedth part of the dollar, It was uscless to falk uf the dollar beingr worth 0 or €2 cenls. "I howes who udyocated the use of more sliver In tha coiage of the dollar JEANT TO DRIVR IT OUT 0F CIRCULATION, Just as it waa wheu it was worth 3 per cent tore than gold, The Latin Union made the ratio of sllver 1o muld fifteen oud one-half to one. Here it hnd been Nifteen to one, Patting in more sityer would drive the coln out of eir- culation. Ina few years, if the silver dollar were restored, we would bae oblized to muke | the proportion fiftern and onec-half to one in urder to keep the sliver at home. Previous to 1373 we hadl the {vrlvilue of paying In gold or silver. Daniel Wobster sald that, under the Coustitution, Coneress had no power tu demon- ettze clther zold or silver. AENATOR ARCHEH, OF PIKR COUNTY, wns the next speaker. The sllver dollar befora the formation uf the Conatitution and down to 1878 was the unit of value In this country, and twas recelved fn payment of debts to any amount. Whe wns responsible for tho demonctization! Did the American prople ever demand it at any convention, i any platform, or frum any stumpi Were tlie peo- fe ever consulted? The people never asked or it When the act of 1873 was passed, the members of Cougress knew nothing of its mean- Ine, and KNEW NOTHING OF THE FRACD that was practiced. The Amerlcan people be- lteved thay Congress had ho power to pass this act, because it had not the power to do any- thing that would tend to wreek tho propertics of the peuple, Previous to the act of 163 maoy of the honds were payable In- greenbacks, Then the Government declared that they would by ‘nyahle i *eoln.” *Coln ‘' wan thea gold oud sllver. The Quvernment had the right to pay in ane or both. - By this declaration of eofn puynicnt, the amount of the debt was fncroasod hundreds of mitlions. The moument the people insisted on perforiing the contract as they un- deratood 1t the cry was ralsed, '*You are weak- ening the public credit? ‘The deternination ol the um}vlu o pay i coin the bonds that wete vayable lu currency was A BREAKING O A CONTRACT. In a fraud on the people Conzress dropped the cojuage of silver, und the. bondholders de- manded gold alune.” Nine-tenths of the West and South demanded the remouctization of sll- ver, ‘The land was on the verge of benkruptey. TFallures were of an every-day occurrence, We could demund from Coingress the retmoncetizn. tton of sliver, whivh was stolen frotn us, aml Congress would have to gaantit., Oursilver mines were a publle herftage, und the o should not he robbed of fis bepolits. We should no longer aerve the money-changers,— neither should Conyress. ‘They 10ust be cleated out of tha temple of liberty, RECES. G In order to give the Commitice thne to pre- rnm the resolutions u recess was taken fur two aurs. TIHE RESOLUTIONS. After recess, Mr. Goudy, Chalrmas of the gmmnl(l:c. preseuted the followlng resolu- ona: Wignras, By the act of Congress of April 2, 1702, rmvlllun ‘was made for thie colonge of a ver coin of the valne of the Spanish milled du then enrrent, contsining 3714 s of pure ol 0 e the manetary usit of the Uniied States; Uthouch the standard weight of the anid dol. Iar nrl#lnully 410 gralns including the alloy, wan in 18537 reduced to 41244 graine, yet the guan- tity of pure silver which It contained and ftain. trinsic value remained unchanged for & period of mare than ¢ighty years, during all of which time the eilver doilar 8o colnod continued to bu the nion- etury unit and standasd meusaze 0f value for tho Uniied States; aud wneaeas, Siver snd gold concurrently have constituted the bavis of munolary aystewms of all natlons and peoples alnce the earliest perivg in tho istory uf clvilized mian: snd WiEREAs, Bllver coln hay always constituted fba chief, and frequently the only, metallic I tender currency |n wenersl sy AMODE the masses of the American people; and Wizusas, The business and credits of the whola country during aimoet the entire perlod of the nativnal exlstence have been adfusted to this standard measure of values; and United States, by WrEREAs, All bonds of the law and the terms cxpreased on the face, and sble in coln of the standsrd of July 14, IN7 {‘fl"“’:" ailver of 412); aud gold of 5.8 grains ereture, i ltesolred, That the demonctization of the siiver dallac ot the United States waa n change In our monelary system so grave and radical in its chare actor, and s0 vitally ‘aflccting thy commercial fn- ts snd rights of the people, that it dught nout tahave beon ventured uvon even under clrcu stances tnust favorable, until after a full, th ough, and exhaustiva disciiunlon of ite merits bu- fore tho people, the covert scheme by which 1lils most important measure wan precipitated upon tha country, without onc word of discussion, elther In of ont of Conyress, and tho obstinate porsistency with which the scheme s cuted In a 1ime of unparalleled busines and disaster, and with the forced rusumption of apecle payments In jmmediate P‘rmpm Iscloses & recklens disregard for the pnblic welfare on the part of its mioyera which merits our sovercat cen- aure and copdemnstlon. . Resolved, That one obvious porpose of the act domonctizing silver was to Increass the valua of o Governnient bunds, and carreapondingly in- crease the public barden by securiug the payment of those bonds n kold, when by their terms, plaln. Iy expresecd on their iace, they are redcemabla in coin of tho standard value of the United States un July 11, 1870, at which date sllver dollsrs as well a gold doliars were lawiul tender in paywment of all'dobts, public and private; that In order to se the bondholders this advantage, 1o which e in no wisa entitled, tho people have heen sifnely rovbed uf tha legat-teuder quality of 11 of their metallio currency, thereby great- ancind the difiiculty and the danger of the proposcd resumption of specie paymients, and un- ustly fucreaalng tbe borden of every individual at rge. }funlrfll. ‘That we view with just alarm tho Jotition, tiken Ly the Freadent on this question n his lato message, snd we have goud reason to beliexe that hiv been warped and s fnlded. by the’ ! utional advlucrs, ‘tnfo the adoption of & line of pollcy which wonld give the bondbolders an undue and unjust advantage, grestly to the detrinient of the puople. We have searched in vain through his ines, for “any word of (ria comfort for the wiruguling “mares b nioney lauet Lo earpe l:‘ Wa régard hls sugyestion that, by yicldin; demands of the public credilurs, Wucso bonds may be exchanged for others at rediiced Interost, as 8 delusion. There are two partics interested In this questton—thosa whaareta pay as well ad thoss o recslva payiaent Wo demsnd that v d n vafues. nplo 1o botls by restur- old thie-| ndsrd mesauro of ‘The Lurdens of goverument will then rest lightly uposi tha sbouliers of & prosporous people. 1iutwesce no hopeof returning pross K\'Hl! in the financiat pulicy of the President and s wmaladvisers, Jeeaolzed, That the holdera of the Qo ment bonds not only have no rigbl, legsl or equitable, to demand paymens otherwise than sccordlug 10 their expreas lertns, but the Government caunof, with duo regard 1o the rights of ins people, walve i1s option to pay ineliver or gold and zeatrict it- arif 1o paymont in Fnln\ voly; aud that, whesn the sitempt to do this (s made \r‘y legtalating ont of ucy the whoi of the country al-tender, aud at ih time depreciating th 6 of one of jis most lwportant products in the markets of the world, the consequences of thix nefarious schieme are 8o faz-reaclingand disastruus that it calls fur unmcasured denunclation. Resolued, ‘fhat the proposal Lo pay the bond- holders exclusively in gold, which tholr bonds do not call for, snd at the sams ime to demonctize sflserwo far &e to wake It lecal-leader to a swall amount for all other kinds of Indubtedn partisl class legisiation of the vi ‘ We emphaticaliv roject alt suc ‘The money tust is ihe peol ia de enough for the bundholde AWa dvinan that the ativer dollar be retusned to ita 1or s, full Jegal:tender quality, i paywent of all dobts, both pablic snd privete, and we will Ged with bothing less Ibaa his, snd we pledge out- selves Lo Yoo fur no man fol fesolued, Thet wo will ren of ihis wrcg by al) huuorable et pones,, We sall g who 1s not withio our upon both liouses of Congrees 4o Tot upon tha fepeal of tho denionetiziug ach, s e v ¢ lrer dollar 10 ite £ight: ‘and il the Fresigent sud the sestoration af the u. whall, ang M 1 aunliar repesling clauso Lo the Geusral Approp tiun bill, and stand by 1t 1o tha Jaet, with full con- Udence that the people will sasurcdly stand by tbem, Leqolred, That we view with jolense inalgus. tion the cflorta being made by the monuye ower of New York, and olher cities of { t, rn enforce public vpinion fu the West and Soutn upan the queatian of eitcer tewonetization, and shat, speaklog in benalf of the Stateof Iilinols, we 48y toost emphatically that ibo Bouest cou: ectiun of the Unioa ue¢ gictatlon of ok the conse- 3 victions of the people of | ue Lo surrendered at ¥reedy capitalists and Loodbolde: Quences bo what they mey. Beaolved, That the Prealdect and Secretaries ve requested fo forward & copy of the resolutions to the Preeldent of tne United Stales, aud o each mewuber of the Cabinet, as well 6310 the Tnd Hepresantstivee 1o Cougress fur the Sl inoie. MR. GOUDY'S REMARKS. At the conclusion of the readiug, Mr. Goudvy sald that, io submitiiog the resoiutions, be could not refrain from saylug that, though the products of the couutry were abundant, the Deople are a03iuls to sccusy labos, sud Lhs bal- ance of our trade with foreizn natfons ia in our favor yet. We are In financial distress. The question as to the canses of this ereat aml try- fngr depression the l)eopln have anawered by re- forring it to the financial legisiatlon of the past ffteen vears. Every fnancisl Jaw pasred fn thot time was in the sole intereat of fited capital, There was uo war between capital destined for the developuient of the l-uunlrf' and tabor, but there was a confiict he- tireen Jabor and the holders of money furusury, Al these financial measures were In the fnterest of the moncy-lenders. “There had been uo Jegis Iation to lighten the borden of labor, Eyvnry. thing had been dune in the interest of fixed capital, and the clifel actin sl this scheme of legiglation had been the act driviog out the silver dolta 1T WA § ED WITIOUT EXAMIEATION by Cangrese, ‘The doflar find heen the unit of value since 175% \What was the object of de- monetzing 1t Tt was to increase the power of those whoneld the ourse of the country,~to reduce the value of pmlmr({. and increase the nrchiasing power of ol 1t gave the mon: euders the voportunity to diclate to the work- Ing classes, 3 NY WHOSR LAROR the Interest and principal of these bonds were to be We demanided that that act be re- pealed and the dollar restored, so that the vroduct of our mines vould be utllized. 1t was #ald that the silver doliar was not worth as much as the gold dollaz, nnd that the clamor for remouctization wos an effort of the debtor to pay in depreciated cofn. Wit deprecinted itf Make It a legal-tender, ‘and it would be just as useful as gold. There could he no substantis! allference, It was clafined that ft would be a violation of zowl faith, ‘The language of the cuntract was tho cojn of July, 1570, That inctuded the stlver doltar, THEKE WERS OTNER FINANCIAL VEXDING for the rellef of the country. There was the bill to repeal the Resumption act. It had pass- ed In the House, and was now in the Scnate. It was propused to tesume in o fow months, What would it be done withi There were $360,000,000 of greenbacks auil onls #2,000,000 of gold in the Treasury. 1L was clalued that there would be an scewinulation of gold, There was NOT AN IKSTANCR IN ALL JIISTORY where & peaple 1 tained specic payment - less there were inore coln on hand than notes in circulution, Yel it was proposed to resume by force bringing down paper and l:umnz up gold, ~—ty retireall the grecabacks but £32,000,000. Where, then, would be valuest The result woula bo atmolute uatiooal aud personal banks ruptes, When Coneress should mske the Rreentncks recetvable for all public as well as private dues, then would §¢ be 1s pood as_gold. v secaren return of the prosperity of give yeara ago_ it was only neccseary to remonetize silver and maku the greenhucks receivable for all dues. WILLIAM DROSS, OF CRICAGO, wos the next speaker. Ile begged to second the resolutions, as the sentiments they ex- pressed met bis nvlvmlmum\. The hard thmes which had been realsy erowing worse ever siuce the rrent crush of 1873 had foreed upon the whole vountry the dlscussion of finunclal lssues, Property, real property especally, had de- preciated immensely, and the cause und the cure of this stute of things were the vital ques- tions for the people, nn\lum’fl:\“;‘ for Congresn and the Executive, to settle, Of cougs, the waete ail the inflation caused by the War had much to do with it, but more important to our Preseut pUrpose was THE GIOANTIC FRAUD werpetrated in Congsesas in 1874, Ly which the cofn- ageuf the sllver dullar was stopped. The cliarze that this nct wus a stupchdous, umuu:}:nlcd fvaud had never been sucvessfully dealed, and s never could b, President Grant sud the great majority of the members of Congress did not know the character of the hill by which this villuinous act was accomplished. TIHE QUESTION pow was, since thy New York bankers and East. MZASURES ! ern capitalists had stricken hauds with the gold | aristocrats of Europe, bad we & people free to art according to the principles of cncliuulu—, and to pay tho ~debts of the (uvern ment according to the strict letter of the contract under which that indchtednesa was Incurred? But these swindlers would be sure to find that the people of the South and West had more power than they, even though backed by thousands of millions. What the; demanded was that silver slould be restored to the poaition wisely givon §t by the fathers of the Kepublic, and then it would be time enough to discuss the propriety of demonetizing t. It was tirst demanctized ‘by Great Brituln, the spenker thought, in 1516, s woe DONE FOIt TIIE REASON that sllver was relatively dearcr thun gold, and Great Britalu took advattage of this to pay her debts in the cheaper metal, This wholu argu- meut was in & nutabell. All the bonds lssued provious to 184 were, except those lreued to the Pacific rallways, daclared to be _payable, fn- terest and principal, In coln, In 1870 the Fund- {u act was passed, wherein all the bLonds fe- sucd under it were made payable in coln, and 1t was 80 printed on the bouds. To pretend that the nen who bought the bonds dil not under- stand that they were payable tngold or sllver, at the option of tho Government, was A MOST GLANING ABSURDITY, All tho dishonesty was on the part of those who were striving 10 wring from tho toll of the pooplo from 10 to 20 per cent more than they sgreed to pay. In order to effect that robbery, thoy first demonetized the miver dollar, thus depreciating the value of silver, and now they pleaded thelr our fraud in-extenuntion of that rubbery. It was about time the American peo- plo nsserted thelr manhowd, aud put at dellance the opinons of tho Old Workl, That opinion ls manufactured by TOLITICAL AND PINANCIAL ARISTOCHATE who had no syinpathy with the people, aud no regard for justice when ft conflicts with thelr own greed for wealtn and power, They would still continue to buy our immense surplus prod. uets, and it wo fatled to toke Drlzjlfly n worth- Jess gewgaws shey would be fol 10 pay us in our bonds, or, if “they like, in siiver or other coln. Let tne hondbulders be warned fu time, Let thewm bo d with a literal construction of the under wh they held their bondas, snd thus shall they ba at peace, and esespe the wrath g coma. % BX-CONGREBSXAN M'NRBLY, af Menard County, sald thepe was some misun- derstanding about the Demounctization act. le was a member of the Committee which had tho bl in charge. It passed both Houses without & dissentiug vote. 1o 1873 and 1873 the eliver dallar was worth three cents moro than its gold hrtl;‘ludcr. 1t bad ceased to clreulsto and to be colned. JUDGE KELLEY UAD BAID thot the sliver dollar was only hoarded. In 1853 silyer was very valuable on account of its scareity, 68 compared with gold. In order " to retain sllver, Congress de- monetizeld the fractfonal colns which wers veeded for choage. The dollar remained st was, In 1873 the sltuation hud wnt changed, Tha demand from Japan, China, and India was , and, {n order to prevent the dram, {c was felt that it should be demonetizod. TIHESE WENE TIE ARGUMENTS USKD Io the Committeo and in_Covgress. fu May, 1872, the bill passed the Mouse, It then went ta the Benate, through which It passcd in Jan- uary, 1873, lu o moditled forin, A substitute was rotien up, but it was practicatly the saue bill, and it passed both llouses iu February of that year. In the fnterim between May and February a Presidental election took place, During tho cauvass - 1ot a word was sald about it Itwae UNDOUBTEDLY TIIE OREATEST MISTAXE EVER MADE BY CONGLESS. With tho discovery of the ' Bonanza allnes™ in the summer and fall of 18TS, therc was a vast lncrease in the production of silver. The uecessities of the people had (ucreascd, and, with the remonetization of the dullar, thess could be met by tho Increased silver production. It had been sald that mooey wus used to secure the passaze of the bill. The speaer did not kuow whether there was or not. I thero was, ho never cot his share, 1t was demonetized ot that thue slmply to keew it from lcav- g the country.” The Callfornla sud Nevads Scuators participated the debate, oud they = suspected pothing wroug fn the bill, e hoped that the mistake would be_rectified. Inreality, it was not the actof 1578 that worked the mlschiel, but the revision of the law fo 1574, COL. CREBS, OF WHITE COUNTT, sald that rvelict was needed, and the question was, “8nall we wake sliver o legol-tender for debt 1 It was demonetized by the revision of the iaw in 1574, In 1569 the chaoge in the law relative to the payment ol the bonds iu coin aud pot fao legal-teuders added $600.000,000 to tbe coffera of the bundholdess. Bald the speak- er, * Lut us pass the sesolutions presented to- day, send them to our Cougressiuen, and Seu- ators, and to thd President, thut they may X LOW WE OF Tii% WEAT VERL on this question.” The speaker favored s re- peal o the Hevumption sct, sud ofeved 8 reso- Jution_ approviuw thoso Hliiwols Congressmen who voted for it, sud asking the Scudtors to favor it Bhould tho Prestdiut veto th bill for Qver. repeal, let them strengthen thelr Representa- tives, fo that they could pass it aver the veto. I that could) not be done, let the Lili be made a purtion of the Appropriation bill, ana throw toe responsibility upon the President, where it be- fonged. PX-CONORESIMAN J. C. NONINGON sald: “Onr object Is to trieve the country from its embarrassed condition, Thie bLill before the Senate maxing the silver dollar a femal-tender will certatnly pass, because all the people fecl The trouble i3 with one metnber of the President's Cubinet, and that man Is John Sher- man. ITc was made Becretary by the cunsoll- dated moncy power of the country. Afl the financfal legislation favored the accumulation of enpital of the country, As agahist ihe latter Interest, Shermar is more of & \Wall street man than a New Yorker, for he I3 a Western n with Easteen fdcas. Ile controls the President’s policy.”” When tn Congress the speaker DID NOT HEANL OF THE HiLL, «1n fact, unthi thréeor four years alter. Look- ing Into the future, he liad ‘o doubt but what, the bill for the remonctization of the dollar would eventually pass, New Fogland was now acting as the ‘Bouth did yrcvl'nu 1o the War, It had fastened asystem of legisiation upon the prople that was destroylng the West. Ed- nunds and Bayard represented the bundholders of the country. They koew nothing of the la- bor of the country, The mmoney puwer would not srzue the question uuder dlscussion. It was agressive, and, when one dilfered from it, ralsed the cry of * Hepudiation”! We ourht to pay our dclits as we agreed ol TIR SILVELR MILL WAS ONLY A NEOINNING, We mus! o repealing. liepeal the acts of Lhe past eighteen sears. Repeul the protective tarfft. The West demanded freo tinde and equal taxation, SECRITARY-OF-STATR MARLOW helieved that it was not a scctiuual fight. It was a contest between capital and Jabor, He hoped to sea the remonetization of silver apeed- 1ly enfurced, when the poor mau's silver would purchiase as iuch as the el man's gold, and then, In n_short thne, wold, grecnbacks, and silver would alt be on a par. JOSEPI LEDLIE, OF BANOANOX, favored the resolutions with ail his heart. The Resumption act was the greatest infamy ever perpetrated on the American public,aud ghould e {innedintely repealed, "There were $350,000,~ of greeubacks to be redectued. When could the com be had? Lot the greenvacks be made as good oy gold by muking them receivu- ble for all ducs, public and private. Engiana fnn 1619 passed her Berumption uct, and out ot Hm‘dmrnu that ensucd grew riots aud assassi- natlons, Jonx ponsyrny ‘heard read Scereiary Shermants ketter of Jannary, 1568, waieh hus becn so frequently publishcd of Jate, and then proceeded tu eluborate the argu. ments of hls morning speech, THE FOLLOWING TELRUMANM from the Btute Urange frum Peurla, in session, was yead Thu Stste Graoge of Illjpols, now in acsslon, sonde greeting Itesoleed, 'That this Grango s in hearty sym- pathy with the measitres now in progress iy Cone grees 10 remonetize allver, with (i understanding that the silver dollar will be 4195 grafus of stand- ard eitver, aud the subsidiary ol of & Hke pro. portiun made s fubl lega) tender, Dispatches were also sead from favapa and New Balein encouraging the Convention to pro- cecd with it holy work, “The resvlutiuns were then read o second ttme, and unanlmousiy adopted, 43 was alzo Mr. Crebl's resolution, On motion ot Col. Chamberlaln, of Chieazo, the resolutton as adopted was sent to the Mili tary Conventlon in sesslon [ the Lepresenta- tives' Hall, as 8 matter of courtesy, and not for action. The Chalr was empowered to call an- ather Conventlun whenever he deemed It neces- sary for the interest of the cause in which they weroe all wotklug, after which the Convention udjourned. COMMUNICATIONS. FASTERN REFUBAL TO FUBLISH " S1LVER V-81DB ANGUMENTS, Ta the Editor of The Tribm Cnicaao, Jun, 15.~Yonr candor and patience { publishing so much ap the other eide of the siiver question and answerlng over aud over ogain the same argumeots and objections, are noteworthy. Iow In contrast with some Jast- cru papers. One fn New Englanid, for which I bave written 8 goud many columus first and last, rcturned the accompanving article for want of roow and tho “motelmperative claim " of other matters, althongh almost every mun- ber has much ugatust the remonctizotion of sil- Of course thuse editorn should be thelr own Judres how they cun best flll thelr col. umns, yet when, as In this case, the honesty and financlol fntegrity of the great mass ot the Western peopie are Involved, it would scem of suflicfent consequence to grant o full aud pa- tlent hearing of their side. L Lt Cnicano, Jan. 1, 1818—To the Editor of the Boaton Uongregationallst—Dran S11t: The ques tion of restoring the aliver dolar ta 1ts old po- sitiou seems likely to beconie n sectional one, with the Eust on une sido and the West and Houth un the other. Like most Governmental questions it has etlifeal clements, and therelore 1t s not surprising that rellgious papers should have sometlung to say about it. Those of thy Eaust, tlbl‘.L“hll{ in New England, are, without cxveption, so far as [ have poticed, very pro- nounved fn their condemuation of the mensuro s “dishonest,” amt “a violation of public faith "’ with the natlonal creditors, and *juila. tlon," §f not repudiation.” Asa Yankee in the West, 1 cannot bear stuch accusations from our kindred ot the Enst, Tam sneclally sensitive that our old standard papers, on which we have relied xo much for religlous and ethical teachings, have becomie the avcusers. There ts another danger that 1 fear and slr}» reeate,—the crippliog ol " thelr tufuence i the West, uuless soms other explanation of their ‘position can be given than what naturally sug- geats ftaell to the Western mind, The followlng aro the fae taught us here: ‘That the demonctization of silver in 1878 and 4 was never asked for by the natlon, and never anticlpated by the natfon, The question had never been proposed to the Amcrieun people for their consideration, No politicat convention ever demunded it tplattorm* ever had In it such a * plank Prestdent, or Cougressman, or Scnator w electod ani_such su lssue; ‘no Executlys message 0 commities of either o pe 1w ANy b ever presonted in Longress; no new Woest, North or South, ic atteution 1o the mattor by & (horough discussien of what was_conteniplated, That the woik was begun {n 1873 by u singie sentence bid away in the Bowels of » very long bill, nomnally sbout the mint, which simply vinlited the olil " dollsr from sliver colun Lo be hercafier (ued, -s_ bill, we old, which was never read exccp d never dlscusscd; that the 1n leuca, I ol ite very oxistence, was unknown 1o the Prevident who s 5"“ the Lil), ta the Chalrman of the Committeo who repustod it and doubliess to nine-tenthw of the legislators who voted for ity 1bat ju 8 slmilar Vu’ the work was completed In 1474 In a revialon of the code, which. it wus Ihen sald, contained nothing new, and su was not dis- cu or objected to; that the whole ihing was dune 80 guietly, to use now vo atronger word, that the changy wae not discovered till ngl sflerward, oven President Grant woudering as late as 1875 why a)lver doliare did not circulate mors to rolisve the stringency. Now, ia thora any disputo abont theas facte? y stch convention, plst: form, vleciion, wessaye, revort, Uil priliton, nowspapor palscusalon, uf delata in Congrese? It wo atthe West arv wisluforued we should like to be set right, But §f the pose, 1t 1s uatural What wae golng ou. and (horefore toat somebody was tu(lled 1a & stupeudous fraud oo a whole nas tion, We do not know who “thls somubody was, whether only & monometalist ofiicial, who had no wursy inotive than to put a theory In practice, or whether |t was, as has boen sugzesled, 8 accros geul of Naw York or Londou capltalista. 1 nobody did kuow what was belug done, which 18 scarcely conceivabie, thea thers wae s frat-clas olunder or mustuke smoog vur rulers aud legis): toty, most buwiliating to Gucover ur adiail by un American citizen. A *‘blunder' of such sortis s great crime. Suw Lhis history of the cate cannot be separated from tbo otblcy of the questiou. Yrt, sofaras [ have notlced. it ts Iguored lu this l!lcla lous Y.ycn of Nuw Evgland. | bave not obscrved vno liuw in condempation of tble **traud,” or ‘elrick,' or “‘blunder, whatever § waw. Thoy thiow sil Aelr welght Into tho scale of this slugular leisla- tion. ‘Tuoy have pleaty of worda agaiust the efors 1o repeal theso acts, and adinit many bard words futu tholz colung from correapondents aod ll’: o graphers agsinat tno repcalers, but ara silent rave o rely fl is sultable fora r:llg(aul paper to speak of the er, Eart or ut the leluuY feaud, though ber “orizinal sin.” Thezo may be excoptions which I bave overlooked, but aa s class they are dumb in @ case which scoma to mu 1o domand oulspoken condemuation. o What fs the ¢xplanation 0f this silence? Can it be Imacined that du any proper sonse thls dowon- ctizatjon of sliver wad a mationul act, aud there- fore binding. when )t aas uesce Seuanded by tho h efl’::lya,. Tribune, PRICY g i natlon, 033 felowsty dane by Ita representatives in the =i, nor its Executive at the Whita flfifi‘ffyr" al‘-;eh. l:;uzk or l|r!ch Url{lnnfl?’r‘:fl o % n meriran people,. rmzrl.ldeg o6 Justly s Lax's vionation 0 fort tc& 51t ba Justiystigmatized aa's violstion of goni S /S “ate rolleved when we look at the St leginlation, The immense debt of #8 thei payablein ** coin, "—thatir, in thens "\ oraliver, Striking ont the silver duliar elther v, ftom the *¢coins ‘"ot the conntry made tho debt papsble only in gatd. And hence ralned the price of gold by making itlisble for the donble work. That sppreclation i now anmo 10 per cant more or ler, Thus the pablic debt has been tnereaserd by it Ihn; al difference. Un & _sam, | $1.000,000,000. 10 per cent increane mak astonnding addition of $200,000,0001 a Vorly hellove that thia mistake or fraud bas ix moral obligation nn tha burdened taxpayera land to pay the national credltors Two WUNDBED MiLLIONs mote money than the original compact catid for, Whata “valne recelved " ever cane from the cre none, then by whal inagician's wand or what black art hae tine tremendous addition to our bmriens been saddied on ns withont any such intent e idon on tho part of the people, of Congress, of tha President? Ilow then shall the fmman of Esstern rellelml ‘myprl bo successfnily defended at the We low shall we answer the suggestions that th liave Leen efther sabsidized by tho creditors at the East or ahroad; or, I not (his, thet they have falled to du thelr own thinking on this question, have carelemly ylelded to a public scatiment created by thers creditors, and tkun are thoneht- leanly echoinz the clamor of unscrupnfous men who 3re determined to take advantago of this un- Just levisiation? 2 r'\\a reatly need the help of these papers atthe Weat in tho contest neaines Infation snd repudia- tion, Tint cverybody knows that the payment of debta according to the terma of the uriginal con- tract cannut be repudiation, and that the incressa af real specio for money ls not inflation; and, therefore, o papet that ralsce o cry of ' wolf when (here 19 no **wolf " will not be able t2 move people when the wolf roally cames. ) aay sgaln, .1f there 18 any mistake aboat the facts Jet thal mistake be pointea cut, and I will cladly nee & better knowledgaof the case In exe planatiou. I L. H] BILVRR AND GOLD. To the Editor of The Tribune. Cnicaao, 15.—The United States fs {o- debted to the holiders of Ita obligations about two thousand iilifons of dollars. During the time that this debt was befag incurred, both gold and siiver, or efther of them, were n legal- tender In payment of this debt and the interest thercon for any amount, accorling to the stundard of finencss and weight estabiished by actof Jan, 18, 1397 (United States Statutcs at Large). I fall to dscaver tho reason or pro- priety of the Government surrcudering their optlon to pay this debt in silvery—and by de- monetizing .1t, She abllity of the Government. to resune specle payment Is very greatly re- duced. The Government of the United States with respect to this debt occuples the position of a trustee acting for and in the interest of su estate, and as such trustee It {s ita duty to pay this debt In accordance with the terms of tho contract. Ilthe Government as such trustee pays the bondholdera in gold, when 1t would ba to theduterest of the taxpayers to pay it fn silver, then the Government i3 robblog the Ly:uy\u for the beneft of the boodholders. fi' the udholders ate palil less than they sare entitled to receive, accordiig to the terms of ontract, then the tiovernment wonld be robbing the Lond- Yoldess for the henedl of the taxpayers. “Ezack Jnetice between the parties (bondholders and tax- poyere) requites that allver be remonetized to the cud thatib wil occnpy the same place 1n the cure rancy of the country that Itdid when (his dent was contracted, When this le done, examino tho bonds and the Inwn In force when they tsened, und then pay them as a_ private {ndividual would do, viz ¢ i the cheaper money. Would this be re- ru\llutlnnl It wonld be fn strict compliance with lie contract and the dutics of ths Uovernment ag truatee, Congress s compored of individual mem- bers: let each individual member for himvell sprak Tile place In Congrens and inform tho 1axpayers in 1f, since 1061, ho paid his fndisidual debta tn gold wnen bis could lawfully compel bis creditors to nc- 1n greenbacks. not, why ahonld these men composing the Government ans ply a different rule in the payment of the publis debt from the one that they adopt in the payment of tholr own fndividenl dets? Suppose a farmer should purchase o farm for 82,000, to be pald for in a specifivd quality of corn and wheat, of vither 0f thew, & hin_option, the prico of the corn to bo $1 for 100 pounds, and wheat 81 fr sisty pounds, 1 thero should be any change In the relative market valus of cornand wheat, would (¢ bo repudiation §f tho farmer yald his debt 1n the cleaperymainy It armer holding wich a contract should voluntarily and without consideration wave his option to pay v con. aud thereby bind himself to pay bta aebt exclaslvely in wheat, woald ot his nelzhbors think ho wasln. sativ®” 1 think fu such s case hia family might with ropriety apply 4o some court und have him so ad- wdyed, aud ‘o proper person appolnted Lo lake churge of i entate, “Vlio llon. Johu Blierman and his coadjatera proe poss 1o comsit preclsely 8 mmilar act of lunacy, for and on behal? and 1 tho name of the tax- payers of the United Btates, by voluntarily and without consideration waiving the nght o the ul"m"" 10 pay the debt of their Gavernment in nilvy Jir. Sherman may yet learn that lunacy 13 Drevalent amoug the taxpayers of this coun. Ary ne he anticipates, Individuall. Jnll’m.'lllllnnln & court mignt pre- fer gold instead of siiver dollats, but bis individusl reference has nothing fo do with respect ta the uanie between the bundholders on the one slde and thie taxvaycrs on the other; ho ahould And accord- fog to thy' terms of the bond that they are to ba i at the option of the Government in either vold ar of “the parbiculsr fnencas and welcht slied by law. Bo far as the intereat of theso partles aro concerned, the standard value of old ur silver cannut bu chianged without benedting one porty at the cxpense of tho uther: &nd the rolat! of gold aud_sliver (¢ as forcltn from thie fsaus au would the relative value of wheat an cori {u tho casw of the furiner aboye atated. Joru LivzLow, TIZ OBSOLETC DOLLAR AT QUINCY. To the Editor of The Tribune. Quincy, Iil, Jav. 14.—At the sllver dollar mecting held st the old Court-louss in thls city ou Naturday night, Jau. 12 a gentleman prescut opposed to the abjects of the meeting, but who gpoke Ly permission, sald, in substance, that the ol sliver dollar of 412 gralns of stundard silver had, at the time of the passage of the act of 1873 demonetizing etlver, buconio ohsolete, or was ro stated |n somo ofticiul report 1o Conitress upon this sitver Queation, I remember o notable fnstance of theefliclency of o law many people ltad thought obsolate, but which waa found, upon better wcquaintance, to e not only not obsolete, but the executlon of which saved the Unfon. Upen the breaking but of the Rebelllon, it will bs rememberad that President Lincoly fs- sued bix proclamation callini for 75,000 volun- teer soldiers, to serve for ninety days in defenso of the Unfon—previously attacked. When the proclumation reachied Quiucy my then partner, now deceused, Abruin Jonas, Esq., aud mysell st 0. work to find the law for that proclumation, We had In our offica an_old edition of United States Jawe, snd na voluio of this old sertes Mr. Jonaa sgon found the aw under whick the prociauia paseed away back in the ninetics, — rins of the mnmnulnlus the budy of tue law found priuted the word **obsolele.” ‘Tbia book fs In this city now, nce the date of that Qur national atruggle memorable proclumation all know. Wu have fo- enrred in defense of our Government thousands of millions of doilare of deht, it be Loncetly pald—and whilst ¢ paylug the greut nationdl debi 1we, the people, must live. "It old silvor dollar of 41245 grains of sinndard sliver can nlw h‘; fevived to Lelp ud. 1% le not dead, bus sleepeth, The act of 1873 demonetizing silver cannot now e understood by the people as luse than s crime, We may sayof it iesrand sald of some politle cal or matter, 1t Was worso than a crime— i wae @ biunder! Whether w sl pay our bouds with ailver or uot fe not nowtha frst queation. Our bonda are not due yet, and at the propes tme the declde” vekween us sud wiiling to_trust th puted questions tathe proper tribus The saylug stiributed 1o Napoicon Bonsparte, that Providence lelps the #trvpgest batialious, uy not always bs the exact truth. ~ As & nation, was old e et .we have been accusiomed io beliove that Provi- deuce has been on our begln plog. And uow, after 8 lop v War, 8 wo emerge from the smoke of ¢l v, Welkhed down by incalculadla debt, +*tue Snger of lesven' points to the Hocky Mountiains, charged and laden with untold wealth of gold and ailver, bidding ua to labor and pay, and to rejolca rn}» Aud when we ard wet with the cry that the lllverhdullat bhas become obsolete, of bav become of shrunken value, our indigoation s szouscd agalue the wen who did us tha wischist of degrading by law, sod that, too, 8t the tldding of ¢ who ars sad oves bave been tho enumicy of ihs people. (suxY Asuuar. e ——— UNDERGROUND WAR, Bax Fuaxcisco, Jan. 15.—A Virglols City dispatch says: Owlog to the recent imbroglio between the Alta and Justice Mincs, a pumber of hircd tightinj men baya been sent dowa to . tho level on whbich councction butween the . miues 8 momenturily e. Frcablels sapea ws e drifts et ccted to bo made, ¥